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Vazquez-Uribe R, Hedin KA, Licht TR, Nieuwdorp M, Sommer MOA. Advanced microbiome therapeutics as a novel modality for oral delivery of peptides to manage metabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00115-2. [PMID: 38782649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases calls for innovative treatments. Peptide-based drugs have transformed the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Yet, challenges persist in oral delivery of these peptides. This review explores the potential of 'advanced microbiome therapeutics' (AMTs), which involve engineered microbes for delivery of peptides in situ, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Preclinical work on AMTs has shown promise in treating animal models of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Outstanding challenges toward realizing the potential of AMTs involve improving peptide expression, ensuring predictable colonization control, enhancing stability, and managing safety and biocontainment concerns. Still, AMTs have potential for revolutionizing the treatment of metabolic diseases, potentially offering dynamic and personalized novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Alex Hedin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Schirmer B. Metabolic Bariatric Surgery-A Vastly Underused Treatment. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:477-478. [PMID: 38506886 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses the disease of obesity: treatment options, disease management, and the need for legislation for obesity-related discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Schirmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
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3
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Alabi TA, Badru OA. Slim north, fat south: explaining regional differences in abnormal weights in Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci 2024; 56:207-231. [PMID: 38031718 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932023000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Weight abnormalities (underweight, overweight, and obesity) can cause life-threatening ailments. This study investigates disparities in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity between northern and southern Nigeria and their associated factors. Using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the study analysed a sample of 12,333 women with complete records of body mass index. The study found that southern women had lower odds of being underweight than women in the north, but the reverse was the case for overweight and obesity. The prevalence of underweight was 11.6%, and it varies from 6.9% in the southern state of Enugu to 31.6% in the northern state of Jigawa. The national prevalence of overweight was 17.9%, ranging from 6.7% in Jigawa State of the northern region to 39.9% in Lagos State of the south. Similarly, the prevalence of obesity in the north was 6.1% compared to 14.4% in the south, with Anambra State of the southern region recording the highest figure of 35.5% compared to 2.1% in the Yobe State of the northern region. In all, the rate of abnormal weight was significantly higher in the south than in the north. However, the type of weight abnormality varies between the two regions. Religion, education, use of contraceptives, and wealth were associated with the three forms of abnormal weights. However, while religion was significantly associated with obesity in the north, the association was not significant in the south. This study found that wealth and education have dissimilar influences on overnutrition. While the odds of being overweight and obese increase with wealth, being educated up to a secondary level significantly reduces the odds in Nigeria and across the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde A Alabi
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwaseun A Badru
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
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4
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Bojarczuk A, Egorova ES, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Ahmetov II. Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:236-257. [PMID: 38455434 PMCID: PMC10915602 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Phygital Education and Innovative Sports Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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5
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Lim SY, Klein C. Parkinson's Disease is Predominantly a Genetic Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:467-482. [PMID: 38552119 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of a pathogenic variant in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the Contursi kindred in 1997 indisputably confirmed a genetic cause in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Currently, pathogenic variants in one of the seven established PD genes or the strongest known risk factor gene, GBA1, are identified in ∼15% of PD patients unselected for age at onset and family history. In this Debate article, we highlight multiple avenues of research that suggest an important - and in some cases even predominant - role for genetics in PD aetiology, including familial clustering, high rates of monogenic PD in selected populations, and complete penetrance with certain forms. At first sight, the steep increase in PD prevalence exceeding that of other neurodegenerative diseases may argue against a predominant genetic etiology. Notably, the principal genetic contribution in PD is conferred by pathogenic variants in LRRK2 and GBA1 and, in both cases, characterized by an overall late age of onset and age-related penetrance. In addition, polygenic risk plays a considerable role in PD. However, it is likely that, in the majority of PD patients, a complex interplay of aging, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors leads to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yang Lim
- The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Azizi-Tabesh G, Sadeghi H, Farhadi A, Heidari MF, Safari A, Shakouri Khomartash M, Behroozi J, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. The obesity associated FTO gene polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia in Iranian women: A case-control study. Hypertens Pregnancy 2023; 42:2210685. [PMID: 37160708 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2023.2210685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading disorders in pregnant women with maternal and fetal complications. Obesity is considered an important risk factor for the development of PE. Genetic variations in fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene may play a role in the development of PE. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between FTO gene rs9939609 and PE risk in a sample of Iranian pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this case-control study, 312 pregnant women were included, including 128 with PE and 184 without PE. Demographic data and blood samples were obtained from all individuals. The genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphisms was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (TP-ARMS-PCR) method, and the results of TP-ARMS-PCR were confirmed using DNA sequencing. RESULTS The genotype frequency was 50%, 47.7%, and 2.3% in pregnant patients and 37%, 47.8%, and 15.2% in healthy controls for TT, AT, and AA, respectively. The risk of PE was significantly reduced in the pregnant women having the AA genotype. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene may play a protective role against PE. However, further studies are warranted. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Azizi-Tabesh
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Farhadi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Varamin- Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Heidari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghdas Safari
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Pekkurnaz D. Causal effect of obesity on the probability of employment in women in Turkey. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101301. [PMID: 37651829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the causal effect of obesity on the employment probability of women in Turkey via the instrumental variable approach by using data from the 2018 Turkey and Demographic Health Survey. Obesity prevalence in the area of living and the overweight status of the oldest child, which are the most common types of instruments seen in the literature, are used as instruments. Consistent with the OLS result, the 2SLS estimate indicates that obese women are statistically significantly less likely to be employed when the overweight status of the child is used as an instrument. On the other hand, the statistically significant effect of obesity disappears when the area level obesity prevalence is used as the instrument. In addition, obesity in women decreases the likelihood of employment in the services sector and full-time jobs and employment with social security. Although the results of this study do not indicate the source of the effect found, the presence of a causal relationship for women should not be ignored when the economic burden of obesity for Turkey is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Pekkurnaz
- Başkent University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Bağlıca Campus, Fatih Sultan Mahallesi, Eskişehir Yolu 18. Km, Etimesgut, 06790 Ankara, Turkey.
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Steinberg DM, Bohon C. To Truly Reduce Weight Stigma and Eating Disorder Risk, We Need to Stop Promoting Weight Loss. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:399-400. [PMID: 36272504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara Bohon
- Equip Health, Inc, Carlsbad, CA and Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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9
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Larazotide acetate as a preventive and therapeutic pharmacotherapy in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Wickrama KAS, Wickrama T, Bae D, Merten M. Early socioeconomic adversity and young adult diabetic risk: an investigation of genetically informed biopsychosocial processes over the life course. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2022; 67:203-223. [PMID: 36573270 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2022.2161463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated a comprehensive model that integrates contributions of early socioeconomic adversity (ESA) and multiple polygenic scores (PGSs) through different mechanisms leading to diabetic risk in early adulthood. The study used prospective, longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health) with a sample of 5,728 youth of European ancestry. The results showed that both ESA and PGSs were involved in different mechanisms. ESA contributed additively to educational failures, BMI, depressive symptoms, and diabetes risk over the life course (an additive process). Also, ESA launched a cascading process that connected these outcomes in a successively contingent manner. In addition to ESA, youths' multiple PGSs directly contributed to educational, psychological, and BMI outcomes. Multiple PGSs for education, BMI, and type 2 diabetes influenced not only youth outcomes that they were supposed to predict directly but also additional youth outcomes showing biological pleiotropy. The findings highlight the value of incorporating molecular genetic information into longitudinal developmental life course research and provide insight into malleable characteristics and appropriate timing for interventions addressing youth developmental and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thulitha Wickrama
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska
| | - Dayoung Bae
- Child and Adolescent Department, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael Merten
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska
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11
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Ceasrine AM, Bilbo SD. Dietary fat: a potent microglial influencer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:196-205. [PMID: 35078706 PMCID: PMC8881786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition all contribute to the growing epidemic of obesity. Overweight/obesity create an environment of chronic inflammation that leads to negative physiological and neurological outcomes, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anxiety/depression. While the whole body contributes to metabolic homeostasis, the neuroimmune system has recently emerged as a key regulator of metabolism. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, respond both directly and indirectly to dietary fat, and the environment in which microglia develop contributes to their responsiveness later in life. Thus, high maternal weight during pregnancy may have consequences for microglial function in offspring. Here, we discuss the most recent findings on microglia signaling in overweight/obesity with a focus on perinatal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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12
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Castilhos JKD, Campagnolo PDB, Almeida SD, Vitolo MR, Mattevi VS. Impact of maternal dietary counseling in the first year of life on DNA methylation in a cohort of children. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200330. [PMID: 34874049 PMCID: PMC8670011 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications established during prenatal and early life, including DNA methylation, have been suggested as potential mediators of the interaction between environmental exposures during the perinatal period and adult metabolic health adverse outcomes, especially cardiometabolic complications and overweight. The effect of a dietary intervention in the first year of life on global methylation levels in leukocyte samples from a cohort of children born between 2001 and 2002 in southern Brazil was examined. Overall methylation measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on DNA samples from 237 children at 4 years old. Mean methylation values were higher in the intervention group (mean: 2.20 ± 1.31%) than in the control group (mean: 1.65 ± 1.11%; P = 0.001). It was observed that nutritional counseling in the first year increased breastfeeding duration and stimulated the development of healthier eating habits. Therefore, these factors might have contributed to increase global DNA methylation. The findings of the present study reinforce the notion that performing nutritional interventions in the early stages of life is important and provide further evidence of the interaction between the environment and epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Vitolo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Guo JY, Chen CY. Are gut hormones related to obesity in offspring? Nutrition 2020; 84:111113. [PMID: 33453620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yu Guo
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dior UP, Karavani G, Bursztyn M, Paltiel O, Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Youssim I, Manor O, Hochner H. Birth Weight and Maternal Body Size as Determinants of Blood Pressure at Age 17: Results from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study Cohort. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:162-171. [PMID: 33247825 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of birth weight (BW) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mBMI) on blood pressure (BP) in adolescence. METHODS A Population-based cohort of 11,729 births in Jerusalem during 1974-1976, with archival data on maternal and birth characteristics was performed. Measurements at age 17 were assessed and linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of birth characteristics with BP outcomes. RESULTS BW was inversely associated with both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP at age 17 (SBP: B = - 0.829, p = 0.002; DBP: B = - 0.397, p = 0.033). The interaction term between BW and weight at age 17 was significant for DBP (p = 0.017) and pulse pressure (p = 0.005). mBMI yielded significant positive associations with BP, independent of BW. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Our findings indicate that there are at least two distinct pathways linking early life characteristics with subsequent BP: Intrauterine growth, as reflected by BW and other genetic or environmental factors, reflected by mBMI and maternal education, contribute to offspring adolescent BP. These results warrant replication in other birth cohorts and underline the need to explore specific mechanisms that account for these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri P Dior
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gilad Karavani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Bursztyn
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Calderon-Margalit
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iaroslav Youssim
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Impact of Genetic Variations and Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Risk of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239035. [PMID: 33261141 PMCID: PMC7729759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic obesity disorders are characterized by mutations of genes strongly involved in the central or peripheral regulation of energy balance. These mutations are effective in causing the early onset of severe obesity and insatiable hunger (hyperphagia), suggesting that the genetic component can contribute to 40–70% of obesity. However, genes’ roles in the processes leading to obesity are still unclear. This review is aimed to summarize the current knowledge of the genetic causes of obesity, especially monogenic obesity, describing the role of epigenetic mechanisms in obesity and metabolic diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, with the metabolic processes they control, will permit adequate management and prevention of obesity.
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16
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Rana S, Bhatti AA. Association and interaction of the FTO rs1421085 with overweight/obesity in a sample of Pakistani individuals. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1321-1332. [PMID: 31468339 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants determine the predisposition of an individual to obesity in a given environment. The present study was conducted to seek an association of the FTO variant rs1421085 with overweight/obesity and related traits in 612 Pakistani subjects in a case-control manner (overweight/obese = 306 and non-obese = 306). Moreover, interaction effects of the rs1421085 and overweight/obesity on multiple metabolic traits were also investigated, which were never explored before in Pakistani as well as in any other population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anthropometric traits were measured by standard procedures, while metabolic parameters were determined by biochemical assays. Genotyping of the rs1421085 was carried out by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 19. RESULTS The study revealed a significant association of the rs1421085 with overweight/obese phenotype with respect to over-dominant model indicated by h-index. The CT genotype of the rs1421085 was observed to increase the risk of being overweight/obese by 1.583 times (95% CI 1.147-2.185, p = 0.005). The CT genotype was also found to be associated with higher values of all anthropometric variables (except height and waist-to-hip ratio). Moreover, the interaction between the CT genotype of the rs1421085 and overweight/obesity was found to influence several metabolic parameters (raised blood pressure, product of triglyceride and glucose index, triglyceride levels, LDL-C, VLDL-C, coronary risk index, atherogenic index, and triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the rs1421085 was found to be associated with overweight/obesity and related anthropometric traits independent of age and gender in Pakistani population. Moreover, this variant was found to influence various metabolic traits in the presence of overweight/obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Rana
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Adil Anwar Bhatti
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Antrodia cinnamomea Confers Obesity Resistance and Restores Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Leptin-deficient Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030726. [PMID: 32164196 PMCID: PMC7146579 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Thus, obesity prevention and treatment are essential for health. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a multifunctional medicinal fungus used for the treatment of various diseases and for preventing diet-induced obesity. Leptin deficiency causes over-eating and spontaneous obesity. The concomitant metabolic symptoms are more severe than diet-induced obesity. Here, we used leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as an animal model for over-feeding to study the effect of AC on obesity. We fed C57BL/6 mice (WT, ob+/+) and ob/ob mice with AC for four weeks before performing qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis to elaborate AC-modulated mechanisms. Further, we used Caco-2 cells as a human intestinal epithelial barrier model to examine the effect of AC on intestinal permeability. Our results suggested that AC reduces lipid deposits of the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) by promoting lipid metabolism and inhibiting lipogenesis-associated genes and proteins in ob/ob mice. Moreover, AC effectively repaired intestinal-barrier injury caused by leptin deficiency and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, AC significantly reduced body weight and EWAT with no compromise on food intake in ob/ob mice. Thus, AC effectively reduced obesity caused by leptin-deficiency and can potentially be used as a nutraceutical for treating obesity.
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Good DJ, Zhang H, Grange RW, Braun T. Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2020; 48:74-82. [DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hou Y, Fu L, Li J, Li J, Zhao Y, Luan Y, Liu A, Liu H, Li X, Zhao S, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis of Potential miRNA Involved in Adipogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts. Lipids 2018; 53:375-386. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Liangliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Jingjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yu Luan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production; Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
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Huang Q, Ma C, Chen L, Luo D, Chen R, Liang F. Mechanistic Insights Into the Interaction Between Transcription Factors and Epigenetic Modifications and the Contribution to the Development of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 30034368 PMCID: PMC6043677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The development of obesity is inseparable from genetic and epigenetic factors, and transcription factors (TFs) play an essential role in these two mechanisms. This review analyzes the interaction of TFs with epigenetic modifications and the epigenetic mechanisms underlying peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, an important transcription factor, in the development of obesity. Methods: We describe the relationship between TFs and different epigenetic modifications and illustrate the several mechanisms described. Next, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms of PPARs, an important class of transcription factors involved in obesity, that induce obesity with different triggering factors. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetic modification of PPAR-related ligands in lipid metabolism and propose future avenues of research. Results: TFs participate in epigenetic modifications in different forms, causing changes in gene expression. The interactions between the different epigenetic modifications and PPARs are important biological developments that affect fat tissue differentiation, lipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, thereby inducing or inhibiting the development of obesity. We then highlight the need for more research to understand the role of epigenetic modifications and PPARs. Conclusions: Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of PPARs may be excellent therapeutic targets for obesity treatment. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of how PPARs and other obesity-related transcription factors interact with epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Fengxia Liang
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Gupta A, Kumar A, Kumar D, Nandan S, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Gupta S, Kanojiya S, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Ethyl acetate fraction of Eclipta alba: a potential phytopharmaceutical targeting adipocyte differentiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:572-583. [PMID: 29032341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have always fascinated mankind for their miraculous properties. Eclipta alba (E. alba), a medicinal herb has long been used in traditional medicine for curing several pathologies. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic effect as well as hepato-protective activity. Here, in order to address metabolic derangements, the study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of E. alba and its fractions in adipogenesis inhibition and dyslipidemia. Of the crude extract and fractions screened, ethyl acetate fraction of E. alba inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and hMSC derived adipocytes. It inhibited mitotic clonal expansion and caused cell cycle arrest in G1 and S phase as suggested by western blot analysis and flow cytometry. It was also shown to have lipolytic effects. Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction of E. alba to hamsters unveiled its anti-adipogenic as well as anti-dyslipidemic activity in-vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis of ethyl acetate fraction confirmed the presence of several bioactive components, projecting it as an effective phytopharmaceutical agent. In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of E. alba possesses potent anti-adipogenic as well as anti-dyslipidemic activity and could be projected as an herbal formulation towards obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shiv Nandan
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - T Narender
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Lowe M, Shank L, Mikorski R, Butryn M. Personal history of dieting and family history of obesity are unrelated: implications for understanding weight gain proneness. Eat Behav 2015; 17:144-8. [PMID: 25725461 PMCID: PMC5523979 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying predictors of future weight gain is important in obesity prevention efforts. Both family history of obesity and personal dieting history have been established as predictors of future weight gain; however, it is unknown if they are independent or overlapping predictors. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of overlap between these two predictors using cross-sectional data. Baseline data from four studies were examined separately and in combination for a total of 561 female participants, and analyses were conducted to examine parent anthropometric variables by dieting status within and across studies. All participants were female university students between the ages of 17 and 30. For each study, as well as for the entire sample combined, parent anthropometric variables were examined by dieting status using factorial ANOVAs. No meaningful pattern was found when examining parent anthropometric variables by dieting status, which suggests that the two risk factors are largely independent. This suggests that the processes associated with the development of future weight gain by each variable are different; therefore, future research should use a longitudinal study to test the hypothesis that using both variables to predict future weight gain would account for more variance than using either variable alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Lowe
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton Hall Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Tel.: +1 215 553 7116. (M.R. Lowe)
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Huuskonen A, Lappalainen J, Oksala N, Santtila M, Häkkinen K, Kyröläinen H, Atalay M. Aerobic fitness does not modify the effect of FTO variation on body composition traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51635. [PMID: 23284729 PMCID: PMC3524224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor physical fitness and obesity are risk factors for all cause morbidity and mortality. We aimed to clarify whether common genetic variants of key energy intake determinants in leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) are associated with aerobic and neuromuscular performance, and whether aerobic fitness can alter the effect of these genotypes on body composition. METHODS 846 healthy Finnish males of Caucasian origin were genotyped for FTO (rs8050136), LEP (rs7799039) and LEPR (rs8179183 and rs1137101) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and studied for associations with maximal oxygen consumption, body fat percent, serum leptin levels, waist circumference and maximal force of leg extensor muscles. RESULTS Genotype AA of the FTO SNP rs8050136 associated with higher BMI and greater waist circumference compared to the genotype CC. In general linear model, no significant interaction for FTO genotype-relative VO(2)max (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) or FTO genotype-absolute VO(2)max (L·min(-1)) on BMI or waist circumference was found. Main effects of aerobic performance on body composition traits were significant (p<0.001). Logistic regression modelling found no significant interaction between aerobic fitness and FTO genotype. LEP SNP rs7799039, LEPR SNPs rs8179183 and rs1137101 did not associate with any of the measured variables, and no significant interactions of LEP or LEPR genotype with aerobic fitness were observed. In addition, none of the studied SNPs associated with aerobic or neuromuscular performance. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic fitness may not modify the effect of FTO variation on body composition traits. However, relative aerobic capacity associates with lower BMI and waist circumference regardless of the FTO genotype. FTO, LEP and LEPR genotypes unlikely associate with physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Huuskonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Azétsop J, Joy TR. Epistemological and ethical assessment of obesity bias in industrialized countries. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2011; 6:16. [PMID: 22177365 PMCID: PMC3292805 DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bernard Lonergan's cognitive theory challenges us to raise questions about both the cognitive process through which obesity is perceived as a behaviour change issue and the objectivity of such a moral judgment. Lonergan's theory provides the theoretical tools to affirm that anti-fat discrimination, in the United States of America and in many industrialized countries, is the result of both a group bias that resists insights into the good of other groups and a general bias of anti-intellectualism that tends to set common sense against insights that require any thorough scientific analyses. While general bias diverts the public's attention away from the true aetiology of obesity, group bias sustains an anti-fat culture that subtly legitimates discriminatory practices and policies against obese people. Although anti-discrimination laws may seem to be a reasonable way of protecting obese and overweight individuals from discrimination, obesity bias can be best addressed by reframing the obesity debate from an environmental perspective from which tools and strategies to address both the social and individual determinants of obesity can be developed. Attention should not be concentrated on individuals' behaviour as it is related to lifestyle choices, without giving due consideration to the all-encompassing constraining factors which challenge the social and rational blindness of obesity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquineau Azétsop
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de N'djaména, Avenue Mobutu, B.P. 1117 N'djaména, Tchad
| | - Tisha R Joy
- Department of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Western Ontario, B5-107, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada
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Genome-wide profiling of microRNAs in adipose mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and mouse models of obesity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21305. [PMID: 21731698 PMCID: PMC3121761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that microRNAs are key regulator molecules of gene expression. The cellular processes that are regulated by microRNAs include e.g. cell proliferation, programmed cell death and cell differentiation. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly regulated cellular process for which several important regulating factors have been discovered, but still not all are known to fully understand the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of 597 microRNAs during the differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells into terminally differentiated adipocytes by real-time RT-PCR. In total, 66 miRNAs were differentially expressed in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes compared to the undifferentiated progenitor cells. To further study the regulation of these 66 miRNAs in white adipose tissue in vivo and their dependence on PPARγ activity, mouse models of genetically or diet induced obesity as well as a mouse line expressing a dominant negative PPARγ mutant were employed.
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Chen Y, Liu YJ, Pei YF, Yang TL, Deng FY, Liu XG, Li DY, Deng HW. Copy number variations at the Prader-Willi syndrome region on chromosome 15 and associations with obesity in whites. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1229-34. [PMID: 21233802 PMCID: PMC4512297 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem with strong genetic determination. Copy number variation (CNV) is a common type of genomic variant associated with some complex human diseases. However, it is not clear how CNVs contribute to the etiology of obesity. In this study, we examined 1,000 unrelated US whites to search for CNVs that may predispose to obesity. We focused our analyses on the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) critical region (chromosome 15q11-q13), because the PWS region is a hotspot for CNV generation and obesity is one of the major clinical manifestations for chromosome abnormalities at this region. We constructed a map containing 39 CNVs at the PWS critical region with CNV occurrence rates higher than 1%. Among them, three CNVs were significantly associated with body fat mass (P < 0.05), with a higher copy number (CN) associated with an increase of 5.08-9.77 kg in body fat mass. These three CNVs are close to two known PWS genes, NDN (necdin homolog) and C15orf2 (chromosome 15 open reading frame 2), and partially overlap with another obesity gene PWRN1 (Prader-Willi region nonprotein-coding RNA 1). Interestingly, our recently published whole genome association scan study using the same sample by examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) did not find any significant associations at these CNV regions, suggesting the importance of examining both CNVs and SNPs for better understanding of genetic basis of obesity. Further studies are warranted to validate these CNVs and their importance to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, The People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, The People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiao-Gang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-You Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, The People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, The People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
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McLachlan S, Lee SM, Steele TM, Hawthorne PL, Zapala MA, Eskin E, Schork NJ, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD. In silico QTL mapping of basal liver iron levels in inbred mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:136-47. [PMID: 21062905 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both iron deficiency and iron excess are detrimental in many organisms, and previous studies in both mice and humans suggest that genetic variation may influence iron status in mammals. However, these genetic factors are not well defined. To address this issue, we measured basal liver iron levels in 18 inbred strains of mice of both sexes on a defined iron diet and found ∼4-fold variation in liver iron in males (lowest 153 μg/g, highest 661 μg/g) and ∼3-fold variation in females (lowest 222 μg/g, highest 658 μg/g). We carried out a genome-wide association mapping to identify haplotypes underlying differences in liver iron and three other related traits (copper and zinc liver levels, and plasma diferric transferrin levels) in a subset of 14 inbred strains for which genotype information was available. We identified two putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contain genes with a known role in iron metabolism: Eif2ak1 and Igf2r. We also identified four putative QTL that reside in previously identified iron-related QTL and 22 novel putative QTL. The most promising putative QTL include a 0.22 Mb region on Chromosome 7 and a 0.32 Mb region on Chromosome 11 that both contain only one candidate gene, Adam12 and Gria1, respectively. Identified putative QTL are good candidates for further refinement and subsequent functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela McLachlan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Influencia de los antecedentes familiares sobre la edad de aparición de la hipertensión. Implicación de la impronta genética. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1889-1837(08)71772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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