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Salari F, Beikmarzehei A, Liu G, Zarei-Ghanavati M, Liu C. Superficial Keratectomy: A Review of Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915284. [PMID: 35872789 PMCID: PMC9299356 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial keratectomy (SK) is the manual dissection of the superficial corneal layers (epithelium, Bowman's layer, and sometimes superficial stroma). SK is done using a surgical blade or diamond burr. Some surgeons use intraoperative mitomycin C 0.02% or amniotic membrane transplantation to improve surgical outcomes. This literature review shows that SK remains an effective method for different indications, including tissue diagnosis, excision of corneal degenerations, dystrophies, scarring, recurrent corneal erosions, and retained corneal foreign body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Salari
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - George Liu
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
- Tongdean Eye Clinic, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati
| | - Christopher Liu
- Tongdean Eye Clinic, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Prando F, Pereira J, Medeiros R, Balthazar D. Use of automated central lamellar superficial keratectomy in the treatment of chronic pigmentary superficial keratitis in dogs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pigmentary superficial keratitis (PSK) is a chronic corneal disorder with different causes, which may include immune-mediated diseases and reactions to ultraviolet rays. This study aimed to evaluate the use of automated central lamellar superficial keratectomy (ACLSK) in the treatment of chronic pigmentary superficial keratitis (CPSK) in dogs. We enrolled 24 animals with CPSK and loss of visual function even after clinical treatment with preserved post-corneal transparent media, and the potential for recovery of visual function after surgical treatment. The microkeratome was positioned on the eye surface, and the central corneal lamellae were obtained after translation. With ACSLC, 21 animals (87.5%) recovered their visual function. In 3 animals (12.5%), the formation of granuloma and posterior central leukoma in the cornea compromised the transparency of the visual axis. This study concludes that ACLSK is a viable surgical alternative for the restoration of visual function in dogs with severe PSK, thus improving their quality of life. The short execution time of this procedure reduces the costs and anesthetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.A.S. Prando
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro de Estudos, Pesquisa e Oftalmologia Veterinária, Brasil
| | - J.S. Pereira
- Centro de Estudos, Pesquisa e Oftalmologia Veterinária, Brasil
| | - R.S. Medeiros
- Centro de Estudos, Pesquisa e Oftalmologia Veterinária, Brasil
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Farid M, Rhee MK, Akpek EK, Amescua G, Garcia-Ferrer FJ, Lin A, Varu DM, Musch DC, Mah FS, Dunn SP. Corneal Edema and Opacification Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology 2018; 126:P216-P285. [PMID: 30366795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michelle K Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Esen K Akpek
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Amy Lin
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Francis S Mah
- Departments of Cornea and External Diseases, Scripps Clinic Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California
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Corneal Haze Following Refractive Surgery: A Review of Pathophysiology, Incidence, Prevention, and Treatment. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2016; 56:111-25. [PMID: 26938342 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McGrath LA, Lee GA. Corneal epithelial debridement for diagnosis and therapy of ocular surface disease. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 98:155-9. [PMID: 25331183 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wide range of ocular surface conditions that can be diagnosed or treated with epithelial debridement. The purpose of this study is to analyse the indications, instrumentation and outcomes of corneal epithelial debridement for anterior segment pathology. METHODS One hundred and thirty-three eyes of 129 patients with ocular surface disease were treated with epithelial debridement. Different methods were used, appropriate to the specific disease, aetiology and outcome measure. RESULTS The mean patient age was 56 years and 81 (60.9 per cent) were male. Sixty-two eyes (46.6 per cent) were undertaken for diagnosis and 71 (53.4 per cent) for therapy. Common indications for diagnostic corneal debridement included infective keratitis 48 (36.1 per cent), neoplasia 14 (10.5 per cent), while those for therapeutic corneal debridement included recurrent erosion 30 (22.5 per cent) and band keratopathy 16 (12.0 per cent). The most common post-operative complication was pain, occurring in all patients to some extent. Band keratopathy was seen to recur in two (12.5 per cent) of the treated eyes and there was a single relapse of recurrent erosion during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The techniques presented can be undertaken in the office rather than a day procedural unit, improving time and cost-effectiveness for the ophthalmologist and patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A McGrath
- City Eye Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Microkeratome-Assisted Superficial Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Anterior Stromal Corneal Opacities After Penetrating Keratoplasty. Cornea 2012; 31:101-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31820c9fd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wells KW. Management of corneal scarring secondary to explosion with excimer laser treatment. OPTOMETRY (ST. LOUIS, MO.) 2011; 82:461-466. [PMID: 21524637 DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improper use of pyrotechnics can result in ocular injuries producing severe vision loss. CASE A 20-year-old man had a pyrotechnics device explode in his face, hospitalizing him for 4 days. He was told he needed a corneal transplant and that his vision would be impaired permanently. As an alternative, phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on each eye to remove as much scar tissue as possible. Photorefractive keratectomy was then used to treat the residual hyperopia and remove more of the scarring. CONCLUSIONS The combination of phototherapeutic keratectomy/photorefractive keratectomy proved to be a safe and effective method to treat corneal scarring secondary to explosive trauma and to restore normal vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Wells
- Wells Vision and Laser Eye Center, 1702 N. Commerce, Ste. A, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA.
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Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Superficial Lamellar Keratectomy for the Treatment of Superficial Corneal Leukomas. Cornea 2011; 30:301-7. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3181eeb0c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vasaiwala R, Jackson WB, Azar DT, Al-Muammar A. Excimer Laser Surface Treatment. Cornea 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06387-6.00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hsu HY, Culbertson WW, Alfonso EC. Staged Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty for Anterior Stromal Corneal Dystrophies. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2008; 39:196-202. [DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20080501-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Al-Towerki AE. Superficial keratectomy using microkeratome for treatment of irregular climatic droplet keratopathy (free flap). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 245:183-4. [PMID: 16705450 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-006-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Alio JL, Javaloy J, Merayo J, Galal A. Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy augmented by excimer laser masked PTK in the management of severe superficial corneal opacities. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:1289-94. [PMID: 15377553 PMCID: PMC1772353 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2004.045070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess superficial lamellar keratectomy augmented by excimer laser smoothening with sodium hyaluronate 0.25%, for the management of superficial corneal opacities. METHODS Consecutive procedure performed in 14 eyes (13 patients) with an automated microkeratome and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) smoothening using sodium hyaluronate 0.25%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES UCVA, BCVA, pachymetry, degree of haze, ray tracing analysis, and complications. Mean follow up was 12 (SD 1.6) months. RESULTS Mean preoperative haze from previous corneal refractive surgeries was 3.5 (SD 0.5) (11/14 cases). In one case, opacity was caused by ocular trauma and in two by infectious keratitis. The mean preoperative UCVA was 0.7 logMAR (0.2 (SD 0.13) decimal value). BCVA was 0.4 logMAR (0.4 (SD 0.17) decimal value). Mean preoperative corneal pachymetry was 508 (SD 62.5) micro m and mean opacity depth measured by corneal confocal microscopy was 115.2 (SD 49.4) micro m. At 6 months, 71.4% of the eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery showed grade I haze or less. Mean postoperative corneal pachymetry at 6 months was 352.36 (SD 49.05) micro m. CONCLUSIONS Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with excimer laser PTK smoothening assisted by sodium hyaluronate 0.25% induces a significant improvement of corneal transparency and visual acuity in cases of corneal opacity caused by previous refractive surgery, ocular trauma, and keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Alio
- Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Alicante, Spain.
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Biser SA, Donnenfeld ED, Doshi SJ, Ruskin MS, Perry HD. Lamellar Keratectomy Using an Automated Microkeratome. Eye Contact Lens 2004; 30:69-73. [PMID: 15260350 DOI: 10.1097/01.icl.0000124396.03008.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of treating anterior corneal pathology by performing a superficial lamellar keratectomy with an automated microkeratome. METHODS Retrospective chart review of 10 eyes (8 patients) seen in a subspecialty referral practice for anterior segment disease. With the use of an automated microkeratome, a lamellar flap was created, which was then surgically excised. RESULTS Ten eyes of eight patients were followed for a mean of 5.4 months (range, 4 to 10 months). Subjective visual acuity and/or sensation of ocular irritation improved in 10 of 10 eyes. Mean improvement in Snellen best-corrected visual acuity was 1.8 lines (range, -1 to +3 lines). One patient lost 1 line of Snellen acuity due to progression of a posterior subcapsular cataract. Mean change in spherical equivalent was +0.5 diopters (range, -1.60 to +4.25 diopters), and mean improvement in corneal clarity (1 to 4 scale) was 1.8. Mean preoperative pachymetry was 589.0 microm (range, 507 to 741 microm). Mean postoperative pachymetry was 461.3 microm (range, 370 to 564 microm). Recurrence of pathology (band keratopathy and Salzmann's nodular degeneration) occurred in two patients. In one patient, immunohistochemical staining of corneal tissue from the lamellar dissection confirmed the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 stromal keratitis, improving the course of postoperative care. CONCLUSION Lamellar keratectomy with the use of an automated microkeratome is a safe and effective method for removing superficial anterior corneal opacities. For selected cases, it offers specific advantages over other surgical modalities. In particular, this procedure may induce far less hyperopic shift than would the equivalent amount of tissue removal by performing excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Biser
- Hudson Valley Eye Surgeons, Fishkill, New York, USA
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Lee HK, Kim JK, Kim EK, Kim GO, Lee IS. Phototherapeutic keratectomy with amniotic membrane for severe subepithelial fibrosis following excimer laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003; 29:1430-5. [PMID: 12900256 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(02)02042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report 2 patients who developed subepithelial opacities and myopic regression after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. Both cases were treated successfully with manual debridement of the epithelium, phototherapeutic keratectomy, and PRK with amniotic membrane application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Li L, Behrens A, Sweet PM, Osann KE, Chuck RS. Corneal lenticule harvest using a microkeratome and an artificial anterior chamber system at high intrachamber pressure. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002; 28:860-5. [PMID: 11978469 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and accuracy of a manual microkeratome and an artificial anterior chamber used at high intrachamber pressure to harvest corneal lenticules for lamellar keratoplasty. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. METHODS Forty-seven human eye-bank corneoscleral rims were mounted on an artificial anterior chamber. A manual microkeratome was used to perform lamellar keratectomy at a mean intrachamber pressure of 95.8 mm hg +/- 4.8 (sd). Two thicknesses (300 microm and 360 microm microkeratome heads) and diameters (8.0 mm and 9.0 mm) were attempted, and the resultant lenticules were analyzed by pachymetry and digital photography. RESULTS In the 9.0 mm/360 microm group, corneal perforation occurred in 12 of 17 lenticules (71.2%). Except for this group, 24 of 30 corneas (80.0%) showed a less than 0.5 mm deviation from the expected diameter. Neither the horizontal nor the vertical diameter differences were statistically significant (P >.05). The difference between the horizontal and vertical diameters was within +/-0.2 mm in 23 corneas (76.7%). Three (10.0%) corneal beds contained a slightly uneven keratectomy margin. CONCLUSIONS This system provided accurate and smooth lenticules for lamellar keratoplasty. The precision and accuracy of the obtained corneal lenticules were better than those in previous reports. However, the 9.0 mm diameter/360 microm thickness head with high intrachamber pressure should not be applied in the clinical setting without further testing. In this laboratory study, a minimal corneal thickness of 588 microm was required to avoid perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4375, USA
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Behrens A, Shah SB, Li L, Côté MA, Liaw LLH, Sweet PM, McDonnell PJ, Chuck RS. Evaluation of a microkeratome-based limbal harvester device for limbal stem cell transplantation. Cornea 2002; 21:51-5. [PMID: 11805508 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200201000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the cut quality and reproducibility using a novel microkeratome-based limbal harvester. METHODS An enlarged microkeratome head and stainless steel blades were coupled with a nitrogen gas-driven turbine (15,000 blade oscillations/min) of a microkeratome. A large, 16-mm-diameter suction ring was attached to the globe. A lamellar sclerokeratectomy using head depths of 170 and 200 microm was performed in human donor research eyes. Obtained lenticule thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry and the bed size by planimetry. Histologic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the samples were performed. RESULTS Central lenticule thickness was 294 microm (standard deviation [SD] 37) for the 170 head and 277 microm (SD 91) for the 200 head (p = 0.720). Lenticule diameter was larger in the horizontal meridian using the 170 head (12.8 mm [SD 0.8] vs. 11.9 mm [SD 0.7], p = 0.028), but similar in vertical meridian (12.0 [SD 0.6] versus 11.4 mm [SD 0.6], p = 0.093). Histology showed a multilayer epithelial cell pattern at the lenticule periphery. The SEM showed a smooth cut surface in both the stromal bed and the lenticule. CONCLUSION Cut reproducibility and quality are similar to those found using standard microkeratomes for corneal lamellar cuts. This system ensures, in a straightforward way, the presence of epithelial cells in the edges of a mechanical sclerokeratectomy for limbal stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Behrens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
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Abstract
Recent advancements in lamellar keratoplasty have two aspects: the refinement in surgical technique, which has improved postoperative visual outcomes and the transplantation of specific tissues of the donor cornea, such as limbal stem cells. Stem cell transplantation has expanded dramatically as a method of ocular surface reconstruction. Long-term prognosis for limbal allograft transplantation has recently been reported, and postoperative treatments including epithelial management and immunosuppression are now major topics to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Japan.
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