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Boonyaphon K, Li Z, Kim SJ. Gravity-driven preprogrammed microfluidic recirculation system for parallel biosensing of cell behaviors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Botham PA, Earl LK, Fentem JH, Roguet R, van de Sandt JJ. Alternative Methods for Skin Irritation Testing: The Current Status. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299802600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ECVAM Skin Irritation Task Force was established in November 1996, primarily to prepare a report on the current status of the development and validation of alternative tests for skin irritation and corrosion and, in particular, to identify any appropriate non-animal tests for predicting human skin irritation which were sufficiently well-developed to warrant ECVAM supporting their prevalidation/validation. The task force based its discussions around the proposed testing strategy for skin irritation/corrosion emanating from an OECD workshop held in January 1996. The following have been reviewed: a) structure-activity and structure-property relationships for skin corrosion and irritation; b) the use of pH and acid/alkaline reserve measurements in predicting skin corrosivity; c) in vitro tests for skin corrosion; d) in vitro tests for skin irritation (keratinocyte cultures, organ cultures, and reconstituted human skin models); and e) human patch tests for skin irritation. It was apparent that, although several promising candidate in vitro tests for skin irritation (for example, reconstituted human skin methods, and human and animal skin organ culture methods) were under development and evaluation, a test protocol, a preliminary prediction model and supporting data on different types of chemicals were only available for a method employing EpiDerm™. Thus, it is proposed that this EpiDerm test undergoes prevalidation during 1998. In addition, since it was felt preferable to be able to include other in vitro tests in such a prevalidation study, it is recommended that a “challenge” be set to anyone interested in taking part. This involves submitting data on ten test chemicals selected by the task force, obtained according to a standard protocol with a preliminary prediction model, for review by the task force by 31 May 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Botham
- Central Toxicology Laboratory, ZENECA, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - Lesley K. Earl
- SEAC Toxicology Unit, Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK
| | | | - Roland Roguet
- L'Oréal, Life Sciences Research, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Johannes J.M. van de Sandt
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Toxicology Division, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
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Ostrovska G, Maslova O, Delev D, Opatrilova R, Kuzliak P, Savytska N. Effects of novel maleimide derivatives on cell cultures with different properties. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:505-15. [PMID: 27139892 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper is focused on pilot study of effects of novel synthetic protein kinase inhibitors-maleimide derivatives in different concentrations on normal, transformed and multipotent cell lines. Influence on cell proliferation and morphological characteristics has been demonstrated. The chosen agents cause antiproliferative effect on transformed cells and are not cytotoxic to normal cell lines. Moreover, different maleimide derivatives' effects on multipotent cells in attached and floating states has been shown. Described results can be used for further research of the maleimide derivatives as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Maslova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine.,Hemafund Ltd., Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Delian Delev
- Department Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kuzliak
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Bérubé K, Pitt A, Hayden P, Prytherch Z, Job C. Filter-well technology for advanced three-dimensional cell culture: perspectives for respiratory research. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 38 Suppl 1:49-65. [PMID: 21275484 DOI: 10.1177/026119291003801s04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture has long been a valuable tool for studying cell behaviour. Classical plastic substrates are two-dimensional, and usually promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation. Understanding cell behaviour within complex multicellular tissues requires the systematic study of cells within the context of specific model microenvironments. A model system must mimic, to a certain degree, the in vivo situation, but, at the same time, can significantly reduce its complexity. There is increasing agreement that moving up to the third dimension provides a more physiologically-relevant and predictive model system. Moreover, many cellular processes (morphogenesis, organogenesis and pathogenesis) have been confirmed to occur exclusively when cells are ordered in a three-dimensional (3-D) manner. In order to achieve the desired in vivo phenotype, researchers can use microporous membranes for improved in vitro cell culture experiments. In the present review, we discuss the applications of filter-well technology for the advanced 3-D cell culture of human pulmonary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bérubé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Sun T, McMinn P, Holcombe M, Smallwood R, MacNeil S. Agent based modelling helps in understanding the rules by which fibroblasts support keratinocyte colony formation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2129. [PMID: 18461132 PMCID: PMC2329887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous keratincoytes are routinely expanded using irradiated mouse fibroblasts and bovine serum for clinical use. With growing concerns about the safety of these xenobiotic materials, it is desirable to culture keratinocytes in media without animal derived products. An improved understanding of epithelial/mesenchymal interactions could assist in this. Methodology/Principal Findings A keratincyte/fibroblast o-culture model was developed by extending an agent-based keratinocyte colony formation model to include the response of keratinocytes to both fibroblasts and serum. The model was validated by comparison of the in virtuo and in vitro multicellular behaviour of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in single and co-culture in Greens medium. To test the robustness of the model, several properties of the fibroblasts were changed to investigate their influence on the multicellular morphogenesis of keratinocyes and fibroblasts. The model was then used to generate hypotheses to explore the interactions of both proliferative and growth arrested fibroblasts with keratinocytes. The key predictions arising from the model which were confirmed by in vitro experiments were that 1) the ratio of fibroblasts to keratinocytes would critically influence keratinocyte colony expansion, 2) this ratio needed to be optimum at the beginning of the co-culture, 3) proliferative fibroblasts would be more effective than irradiated cells in expanding keratinocytes and 4) in the presence of an adequate number of fibroblasts, keratinocyte expansion would be independent of serum. Conclusions A closely associated computational and biological approach is a powerful tool for understanding complex biological systems such as the interactions between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The key outcome of this study is the finding that the early addition of a critical ratio of proliferative fibroblasts can give rapid keratinocyte expansion without the use of irradiated mouse fibroblasts and bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TS); (SM)
| | - Phil McMinn
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Holcombe
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rod Smallwood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TS); (SM)
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Ngawhirunpat T, Kawakami N, Hatanaka T, Kawakami J, Adachi I. Age dependency of esterase activity in rat and human keratinocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1311-4. [PMID: 12951477 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The age and species dependent characteristics of cutaneous esterase activity were examined in cultured keratinocytes of neonatal and adult humans and of rats at the age of 1, 3, 10, and 50 d. The existence of esterases was characterized using fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate diacetate under a confocal laser scanning microscope. In vitro hydrolysis of ethyl nicotinate (EN), an esterified prodrug of nicotinic acid, was investigated in homogenate of cultured keratinocytes, and the Michaelis-Menten parameters (V(max) and K(m)) of EN were evaluated. Together with development and growth of rats and humans, V(max) and V(max)/K(m) increased drastically, suggesting that esterases in keratinocytes develop markedly during the growth process. The affinity parameter, K(m), was almost the same among the ages in each species. These findings in cultured keratinocytes corresponded with our previous report using dissected skin specimens. Species differences in V(max), V(max)/K(m) and K(m) were also observed, and these parameters of EN hydrolysis in rats were significantly higher than that in humans. In conclusion, cultured keratinocytes can be an advantageous method with which to estimate cutaneous activation of ester prodrugs in humans and during the growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Abstract
There is a great need for alternative experimental methods for measuring percutaneous xenobiotic biotransformation. Animal testing and excised human skin studies have been the historical standards for confirmation of therapeutic and toxic effects that occur in the skin as a result of drug and other chemical metabolism. Human skin epidermal bioequivalents have become progressively more used for these types of pharmacological/toxicological studies in recent years. These epidermal models have been used in the form of cell culture, tissue sheets, and highly differentiated epidermal and epidermal/dermal systems. This review highlights the existing published data on the utility of these skin bioequivalent models for various types of metabolism and toxicology studies that should be of interest to the dermatopharmaceutical scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra L Stinchcomb
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA.
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Damour O, Augustin C, Black AF. Applications of reconstructed skin models in pharmaco-toxicological trials. Med Biol Eng Comput 1998; 36:825-32. [PMID: 10367477 DOI: 10.1007/bf02518890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The development of new cosmetic formulations requires precise assessment of their safety and efficacy. Today, legislation demands quality control combined with severe safety measures, as well as a limited use of animals for such testing (European Community directive 93/35/EEC). Consequently, safety assessment protocols are oriented towards in vivo tests on human volunteers and in vitro alternative methods to animal use, especially tissue engineered skin substitutes. In this paper, dermal and skin equivalents developed in the laboratory are described. The applications of reconstructed epidermis and skin substitutes for pharmaco-toxicological trials are also discussed. These tissue models have been shown to be very useful tools to assess cutaneous irritation, phototoxicity, photoprotection and to perform efficacy tests of cosmetic molecules and finished products. In conclusion, the authors are confident that these in vitro models can contribute to reduce animal use for routine toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Damour
- Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés (CNRS UPR 412), Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Benford D, Roguet R, Southee J. Human skin models: A discussion report. Toxicol In Vitro 1997; 11:589-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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