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Du D, Zheng T, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wu S, Yang L, Lu J, Liu L. Evaluating the therapeutic effect of LIPUS in the early stage of traumatic brain injury using FA and T2 * in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11744-11754. [PMID: 39137314 PMCID: PMC11346775 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the protective effect of LIPUS at the early stage of brain trauma in rats, 45 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (n = 15), TBI (n = 15) and LIPUS treatment groups (n = 15). Ipsilateral and contralateral cortical and thalamic parameters obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fast low-angle shot magnetic resonance imaging (FLASH-MRI) were measured at different times after trauma. For fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2* values, two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc was used for intergroup comparisons. With observation time prolonged, the FA values of the ipsilateral cortex in the TBI group gradually increased and were significantly higher than those in the LIPUS treatment group on Day 7 (adjusted P = 0.0067). FA values in the contralateral cortex decreased at this time and were significantly lower than those in the LIPUS treatment group (adjusted P = 0.0192). Meanwhile, compared with LIPUS group, FA values were significantly higher in the injured thalamus (adjusted P = 0.0025). Combined with correlation analysis, FA values were positively correlated with neuronal damage (P = 0.0148, r2 = 0.895). At 7 days after trauma, T2* values in the ipsilateral cortex of the TBI group were significantly lower. After analysis of ferritin content and correlation, we found that T2* values were negatively correlated with ferritin (P = 0.0259, r2 = -0.849). By measuring post-traumatic changes in FA and T2* values, it is possible to demonstrate a neuronal protective effect of LIPUS in the early phase of TBI rats and promote brain rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhanqiu Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yansheng Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Linsha Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
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Singh R, Panghal A, Jadhav K, Thakur A, Verma RK, Singh C, Goyal M, Kumar J, Namdeo AG. Recent Advances in Targeting Transition Metals (Copper, Iron, and Zinc) in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04256-8. [PMID: 38809370 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the transition metal homeostasis in the brain are closely linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including intraneuronal iron accumulation and extracellular copper and zinc pooling in the amyloid plague. The brain copper, zinc, and iron surplus are commonly acknowledged characteristics of AD, despite disagreements among some. This has led to the theory that oxidative stress resulting from abnormal homeostasis of these transition metals may be a causative explanation behind AD. In the nervous system, the interaction of metals with proteins appears to be an essential variable in the development or suppression of neurodegeneration. Chelation treatment may be an option for treating neurodegeneration induced by transition metal ion dyshomeostasis. Some clinicians even recommend using chelating agents as an adjunct therapy for AD. The current review also looks at the therapeutic strategies that have been attempted, primarily with metal-chelating drugs. Metal buildup in the nervous system, as reported in the AD, could be the result of compensatory mechanisms designed to improve metal availability for physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraj Singh
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Lab, Institutes of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81. Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna Jadhav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Ashima Thakur
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICFAI University, Baddi, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hemwati, Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Dist. Garhwal (Uttarakhand), 246174, India
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hemwati, Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Dist. Garhwal (Uttarakhand), 246174, India
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hemwati, Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Dist. Garhwal (Uttarakhand), 246174, India.
| | - Ajay G Namdeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hemwati, Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Dist. Garhwal (Uttarakhand), 246174, India
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Everett J, Brooks J, Tjendana Tjhin V, Lermyte F, Hands-Portman I, Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G, Sadler PJ, O’Connor PB, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Label-Free In Situ Chemical Characterization of Amyloid Plaques in Human Brain Tissues. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1469-1483. [PMID: 38501754 PMCID: PMC10995949 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid plaques and increased brain redox burdens are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Altered metabolism of essential biometals is another feature of Alzheimer's, with amyloid plaques representing sites of disturbed metal homeostasis. Despite these observations, metal-targeting disease treatments have not been therapeutically effective to date. A better understanding of amyloid plaque composition and the role of the metals associated with them is critical. To establish this knowledge, the ability to resolve chemical variations at nanometer length scales relevant to biology is essential. Here, we present a methodology for the label-free, nanoscale chemical characterization of amyloid plaques within human Alzheimer's disease tissue using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy. Our approach exploits a C-H carbon absorption feature, consistent with the presence of lipids, to visualize amyloid plaques selectively against the tissue background, allowing chemical analysis to be performed without the addition of amyloid dyes that alter the native sample chemistry. Using this approach, we show that amyloid plaques contain elevated levels of calcium, carbonates, and iron compared to the surrounding brain tissue. Chemical analysis of iron within plaques revealed the presence of chemically reduced, low-oxidation-state phases, including ferromagnetic metallic iron. The zero-oxidation state of ferromagnetic iron determines its high chemical reactivity and so may contribute to the redox burden in the Alzheimer's brain and thus drive neurodegeneration. Ferromagnetic metallic iron has no established physiological function in the brain and may represent a target for therapies designed to lower redox burdens in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, ferromagnetic metallic iron has magnetic properties that are distinct from the iron oxide forms predominant in tissue, which might be exploitable for the in vivo detection of amyloid pathologies using magnetically sensitive imaging. We anticipate that this label-free X-ray imaging approach will provide further insights into the chemical composition of amyloid plaques, facilitating better understanding of how plaques influence the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive,Stoke-on-Trent,Staffordshire ST4 7QB, U.K.
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jake Brooks
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Vindy Tjendana Tjhin
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department
of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - George Perry
- Department
of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter B. O’Connor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Neil D. Telling
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive,Stoke-on-Trent,Staffordshire ST4 7QB, U.K.
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Abstract
Iron accumulation in the CNS occurs in many neurological disorders. It can contribute to neuropathology as iron is a redox-active metal that can generate free radicals. The reasons for the iron buildup in these conditions are varied and depend on which aspects of iron influx, efflux, or sequestration that help maintain iron homeostasis are dysregulated. Iron was shown recently to induce cell death and damage via lipid peroxidation under conditions in which there is deficient glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense. This form of cell death is called ferroptosis. Iron chelation has had limited success in the treatment of neurological disease. There is therefore much interest in ferroptosis as it potentially offers new drugs that could be more effective in reducing iron-mediated lipid peroxidation within the lipid-rich environment of the CNS. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that induce ferroptosis. We also address how iron enters and leaves the CNS, as well as the evidence for ferroptosis in several neurological disorders. Finally, we highlight biomarkers of ferroptosis and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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5
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Xie F, Mao T, Tang J, Zhao L, Guo J, Lin H, Wang D, Zhou G. Evaluation of iron deposition in the motor CSTC loop of a Chinese family with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1164600. [PMID: 37483438 PMCID: PMC10358764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1164600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have revealed structural, functional, and metabolic changes in brain regions inside the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), whereas no quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)-related studies have explored brain iron deposition in these areas. Methods A total of eight familial PKD patients and 10 of their healthy family members (normal controls) were recruited and underwent QSM on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging system. Magnetic susceptibility maps were reconstructed using a multi-scale dipole inversion algorithm. Thereafter, we specifically analyzed changes in local mean susceptibility values in cortical regions and subcortical nuclei inside the motor CSTC loop. Results Compared with normal controls, PKD patients had altered brain iron levels. In the cortical gray matter area involved with the motor CSTC loop, susceptibility values were generally elevated, especially in the bilateral M1 and PMv regions. In the subcortical nuclei regions involved with the motor CSTC loop, susceptibility values were generally lower, especially in the bilateral substantia nigra regions. Conclusion Our results provide new evidence for the neuropathogenesis of PKD and suggest that an imbalance in brain iron levels may play a role in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Mao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linmei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiuqing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Güneş A, Konuk ŞG, Demir HD, Kurt S, Naseri E, Erkorkmaz Ü. Evaluation of VEP parameters in patients before and after cardiopulmonary by-pass surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:397-402. [PMID: 35864286 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary bypass surgery is emphasized in aetiology of ischemic optic neuropathy. Our aim in this study was to investigate the pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) in patients before and after coronary bypass surgery. METHODS Thirty-one patients were included in the study. After a full ophthalmological evaluation, PVEP was assesed in the pre and postoperative periods. Operative times, hematological parameters, blood pressures, number of transfusions, body temperatures, anaesthetic drugs and systemic illnesses were recorded for each patient. RESULTS The mean age of the patients were 59 ± 10.4 years. There was 22 men and 9 women in the study. Only 3 of them needed transfusion during the surgery. The mean duration of the surgery was 3.2 ± 0.7 h. None of the patients had a history of visual disturbance or postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy. The mean VEP P100 amplitude was not statistically significantly different but the mean VEP P100 latency showed statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative periods. (p = 0.014) This significance was more appereant in patients with systemic illnesses. (p = 0.023) There was a positive correlation between the age and VEP P100 latency (r = 0.402, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although surgical techniques and equipments are developing each day in the field of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, the contributing factors such as hypothermia, anemia and diabetes still seem to affect neurophysiological functions even after a noncomplicated surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Güneş
- School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Şerife Gülhan Konuk
- School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Helin Deniz Demir
- School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Semiha Kurt
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - Ünal Erkorkmaz
- School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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7
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A simple symmetric N1, N2-bis 3-nitrobenzylidene fluorescent probe for Fe3+ ion: experimental and theoretical investigations. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Atiya A, Alhumaydhi FA, Shamsi A, Olatunde A, Alsagaby SA, Al Abdulmonem W, Sharaf SE, Shahwan M. Mechanistic Insight into the Binding of Huperzine a with Human Transferrin: Computational, Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38361-38370. [PMID: 36340147 PMCID: PMC9631745 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), an alkaloid found in the club moss Huperzia Serrata, has been in use for centuries in Chinese traditional medicine to treat dementia owing to its ability to inhibit the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thus acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). An imbalance of metal ions in the brain is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Transferrin (Tf) is a crucial player in iron homeostasis, thus highlighting its significance in AD. This study explores the plausible binding of HupA with Tf using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and free energy landscape (FEL) analyses. The docking results show that HupA binds to the functionally active region of Tf by forming three hydrogen bonds with Thr392, Glu394, and Ser688 and several hydrophobic interactions. The MD simulation analyses show that HupA binding is stable with Tf, causing minimal changes to the protein conformation. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and FEL also depict the stable binding of HupA with Tf without any significant fluctuations. Further, fluorescence-based binding suggested excellent binding affinity of HupA with Tf affirming in silico observations. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) advocated the spontaneous binding of HupA with Tf. This study provides an insight into the binding mechanism of HupA with Tf, and overall, the results show that HupA, after required experimentations, can be a better therapeutic agent for treating AD while targeting Tf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Atiya
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger St., Abha62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department
of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa University, Bauchi740272, Nigeria
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department
of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah11952, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department
of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim
University, Buraydah52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharaf E. Sharaf
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21421, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical
Research Adminstration, Executive Adminstration of Research and Innovation, King Abdullah Medical City in the Holy Capital, Makkah21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman346, United Arab Emirates
- College
of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman346, United Arab Emirates
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Pal A, Cerchiaro G, Rani I, Ventriglia M, Rongioletti M, Longobardi A, Squitti R. Iron in Alzheimer's Disease: From Physiology to Disease Disabilities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1248. [PMID: 36139084 PMCID: PMC9496246 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the neurodegeneration processes. Increased oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in brain tissue, and it is tied to the loss of biometal homeostasis. For this reason, attention has been focused on transition metals involved in several biochemical reactions producing ROS. Even though a bulk of evidence has uncovered the role of metals in the generation of the toxic pathways at the base of Alzheimer's disease (AD), this matter has been sidelined by the advent of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. However, the link between metals and AD has been investigated in the last two decades, focusing on their local accumulation in brain areas known to be critical for AD. Recent evidence revealed a relation between iron and AD, particularly in relation to its capacity to increase the risk of the disease through ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly summarize the major points characterizing the function of iron in our body and highlight why, even though it is essential for our life, we have to monitor its dysfunction, particularly if we want to control our risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bl.B, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Mullana, Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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A Preliminary Study of Alterations in Iron Disposal and Neural Activity in Ischemic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4552568. [PMID: 35971446 PMCID: PMC9375706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4552568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to evaluate the postrehabilitation changes in deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei, corticospinal tract (CST), and motor cortex area, involved in motor tasks in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Three patients participated in this study, who had experienced an ischemic stroke on the left side of the brain. They underwent a standard rehabilitation program for four consecutive weeks, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and occupational therapy. The patients' motor ability was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE) and Wolf motor function test (WMFT). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired from the patients by a 3 Tesla machine before and after the rehabilitation. The magnetic susceptibility changes were examined in DGM nuclei including the bilateral caudate (CA), putamen (PT), globus pallidus (GP), and thalamus (TH) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Functional MRI (fMRI) in the motor cortex areas was acquired to evaluate the postrehab functional motor activity. The three-dimensional corticospinal tract (CST) was reconstructed using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), and the fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured along the tract. Ultimately, the relationship between the structural and functional changes was evaluated in CST and motor cortex. Results Postrehabilitation FMA-UE and WMFT scores increased for all patients compared to the prerehabilitation. QSM analysis revealed increasing in susceptibility values in GP and CA in all patients at the ipsilesional hemisphere. By fMRI analysis, the ipsilesional hemisphere demonstrated an increase in functional activity in motor areas for all 3 patients. In the ipsilesional hemisphere, the fractional anisotropy (FA) was increased in CST in two patients, while the mean diffusivity (MD) was decreased in CA in a patient, in PT and TH in another patient, and in PT in two patients. Conclusion This preliminary study demonstrates that the magnetic susceptibility may decrease at some ipsilesional DGM nuclei after tDCS, NMES, and occupational therapy for patients with ischemic stroke, suggesting a drop in the level of iron deposition, which may be associated with an increase in the level of activity in motor cortex after rehabilitation.
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11
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Li Z, Liu Y, Wei R, Khan S, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Yong VW, Xue M. Iron Neurotoxicity and Protection by Deferoxamine in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:927334. [PMID: 35782383 PMCID: PMC9245523 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke that is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, for which clinical outcome remains poor. An extensive literature indicates that the release of ferrous iron from ruptured erythrocytes in the hematoma is a key pathogenic factor in ICH-induced brain injury. Deferoxamine is an FDA-approved iron chelator that has the capacity to penetrate the blood-brain barrier after systemic administration and binds to iron. Previous animal studies have shown that deferoxamine attenuates ICH-induced brain edema, neuronal death, and neurological deficits. This review summarizes recent progress of the mechanisms by which deferoxamine may alleviate ICH and discusses further studies on its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Wei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Voon Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Voon Wee Yong,
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Mengzhou Xue,
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12
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Zirngibl M, Assinck P, Sizov A, Caprariello AV, Plemel JR. Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:34. [PMID: 35526004 PMCID: PMC9077942 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary consumption of cuprizone – a copper chelator – has long been known to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple sclerosis. Despite the extensive use of cuprizone, the mechanism by which it induces demyelination are still unknown. With this review we provide an updated understanding of this model, by showcasing two distinct yet overlapping modes of action for cuprizone-induced demyelination; 1) damage originating from within the oligodendrocyte, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced myelin protein synthesis. We term this mode of action ‘intrinsic cell damage’. And 2) damage to the oligodendrocyte exerted by inflammatory molecules, brain resident cells, such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia or peripheral immune cells – neutrophils or T-cells. We term this mode of action ‘extrinsic cellular damage’. Lastly, we summarize recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone, which could add valuable insights into the mechanisms of cuprizone toxicity. With this review we hope to provide a modern understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination to understand the causes behind the demyelination in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zirngibl
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anastasia Sizov
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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13
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Mao H, Dou W, Chen K, Wang X, Wang X, Guo Y, Zhang C. Evaluating iron deposition in gray matter nuclei of patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:103021. [PMID: 35500369 PMCID: PMC9065429 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron mediated oxidative stress is involved in the process of brain injury after long-term ischemia. While increased iron deposition in the affected brain regions was observed in animal models of ischemic stroke, potential changes in the brain iron content in clinical patients with cerebral ischemia remain unclear. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, can be used to evaluate iron content in the gray matter (GM) nuclei reliably. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate iron content changes in GM nuclei of patients with long-term unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis/occlusion-related cerebral ischemia using QSM. Forty-six unilateral MCA stenosis/occlusion patients and 38 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls underwent QSM. Clinical variables of history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, and drinking in all patients were evaluated. The iron-related susceptibility of GM nucleus subregions, including the bilateral caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PU), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus, substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus, and dentate nucleus, was assessed. Susceptibility was compared between the bilateral GM nuclei in patients and controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of QSM susceptibility in distinguishing patients with unilateral MCA stenosis/occlusion from healthy controls. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between ipsilateral susceptibility levels and clinical variables. Except for the CN, the susceptibility in most bilateral GM nucleus subregions was comparable in healthy controls, whereas for patients with unilateral MCA stenosis/occlusion, the ipsilateral PU, GP, and SN exhibited significantly higher susceptibility than the contralateral side (all P < 0.05). Compared with controls, susceptibility of the ipsilateral PU, GP, and SN and of contralateral PU in patients were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was greater for the ipsilateral PU than for the GP and SN (AUC = 0.773, 0.662 and 0.681; all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increased susceptibility of the ipsilateral PU was significantly associated with hypertension, of the ipsilateral GP associated with smoking, and of the ipsilateral SN associated with diabetes (all P < 0.05). Our findings provide support for abnormal iron accumulation in the GM nuclei after chronic MCA stenosis/occlusion and its correlation with some cerebrovascular disease risk factors. Therefore, iron deposition in the GM nuclei, as measured by QSM, may be a potential biomarker for long-term cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China; Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 10076, China
| | - Kunjian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China; Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China; Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China; Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
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14
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Anjum F, Shahwan M, Alhumaydhi FA, Sharaf SE, Al Abdulmonem W, Shafie A, Bilgrami AL, Shamsi A, Md Ashraf G. Mechanistic insight into the binding between Ferritin and Serotonin: Possible implications in neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Shah HE, Bhawnani N, Ethirajulu A, Alkasabera A, Onyali CB, Anim-Koranteng C, Mostafa JA. Iron Deficiency-Induced Changes in the Hippocampus, Corpus Striatum, and Monoamines Levels That Lead to Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Disorders, and Psychotic Disorders. Cureus 2021; 13:e18138. [PMID: 34692346 PMCID: PMC8525689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia caused by severe iron deficiency in infancy is associated with poor health and severe neurological impairment such as mental, motor, social, emotional, neurophysiological, and neurocognitive dysfunction. The behavioral effects of iron deficiency can present themselves in infancy, but they are also found in adulthood. Some behaviors can start in childhood but persist throughout adulthood. The behaviors that are particularly often seen in infants and children include wariness and hesitance, lack of positive affect, and diminished social engagement. The affected behaviors in adults include anxiety, depression, higher complex cogitative tasks, and other psychological disorders. The mechanisms of how iron deficiency affects behavior include affecting the hippocampus, the corpus striatum, and certain neurotransmitters. The hippocampus is a brain region that is essential for memory, learning, and other purposes. The hippocampus is very sensitive to lack of Iron during early development. The corpus striatum dispatches dopamine-rich projects to the prefrontal cortex, and it is involved in controlling executive activities such as planning, inhibitory control, sustained attention, working memory, regulation of emotion, memory storage and retrieval, motivation, and reward. Iron deficiency has been known to cause changes in behavioral and developmental aspects by affecting neurotransmitters such as serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine. Iron deficiency causes behavior changes that can present in infancy and, even if corrected postnatally, it can have long-lasting effects well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira E Shah
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Bhawnani
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aarthi Ethirajulu
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Almothana Alkasabera
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chike B Onyali
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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16
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Fasae KD, Abolaji AO, Faloye TR, Odunsi AY, Oyetayo BO, Enya JI, Rotimi JA, Akinyemi RO, Whitworth AJ, Aschner M. Metallobiology and therapeutic chelation of biometals (copper, zinc and iron) in Alzheimer's disease: Limitations, and current and future perspectives. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126779. [PMID: 34034029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The pathobiology of the disease has been studied in the form of several hypotheses, ranging from oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, accumulation of tau forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) through metal dysregulation and homeostasis, dysfunction of the cholinergic system, and to inflammatory and autophagic mechanism. However, none of these hypotheses has led to confirmed diagnostics or approved cure for the disease. OBJECTIVE This review is aimed as a basic and an encyclopedic short course into metals in AD and discusses the advances in chelation strategies and developments adopted in the treatment of the disease. Since there is accumulating evidence of the role of both biometal dyshomeostasis (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and metal-amyloid interactions that lead to the pathogenesis of AD, this review focuses on unraveling therapeutic chelation strategies that have been considered in the treatment of the disease, aiming to sequester free and protein-bound metal ions and reducing cerebral metal burden. Promising compounds possessing chemically modified moieties evolving as multi-target ligands used as anti-AD drug candidates are also covered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Several multidirectional and multifaceted studies on metal chelation therapeutics show the need for improved synthesis, screening, and analysis of compounds to be able to effectively present chelating anti-AD drugs. Most drug candidates studied have limitations in their physicochemical properties; some enhance redistribution of metal ions, while others indirectly activate signaling pathways in AD. The metal chelation process in vivo still needs to be established and the design of potential anti-AD compounds that bi-functionally sequester metal ions as well as inhibit the Aβ aggregation by competing with the metal ions and reducing metal-induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity may signal a bright end in chelation-based therapeutics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde D Fasae
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Tolulope R Faloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Atinuke Y Odunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji O Oyetayo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph I Enya
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua A Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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17
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Everett J, Lermyte F, Brooks J, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Plascencia-Villa G, Hands-Portman I, Donnelly JM, Billimoria K, Perry G, Zhu X, Sadler PJ, O'Connor PB, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Biogenic metallic elements in the human brain? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6707. [PMID: 34108207 PMCID: PMC8189590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of copper and iron plays a critical role in normal brain function. A variety of enzymes and proteins containing positively charged Cu+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ control key processes, catalyzing oxidative metabolism and neurotransmitter and neuropeptide production. Here, we report the discovery of elemental (zero-oxidation state) metallic Cu0 accompanying ferromagnetic elemental Fe0 in the human brain. These nanoscale biometal deposits were identified within amyloid plaque cores isolated from Alzheimer's disease subjects, using synchrotron x-ray spectromicroscopy. The surfaces of nanodeposits of metallic copper and iron are highly reactive, with distinctly different chemical and magnetic properties from their predominant oxide counterparts. The discovery of metals in their elemental form in the brain raises new questions regarding their generation and their role in neurochemistry, neurobiology, and the etiology of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jane M Donnelly
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kharmen Billimoria
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Joanna F Collingwood
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Neil D Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK.
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18
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Ma L, Gholam Azad M, Dharmasivam M, Richardson V, Quinn RJ, Feng Y, Pountney DL, Tonissen KF, Mellick GD, Yanatori I, Richardson DR. Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101896. [PMID: 33799121 PMCID: PMC8044696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma, but also intriguing paradoxical observations requiring mechanistic dissection. An important fact is the iron loading in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which are the cells primarily affected in PD. Assessment of these changes reveal increased expression of proteins critical for iron uptake, namely transferrin receptor 1 and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and decreased expression of the iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Consistent with this is the activation of iron regulator protein (IRP) RNA-binding activity, which is an important regulator of iron homeostasis, with its activation indicating cytosolic iron deficiency. In fact, IRPs bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the 3ꞌ untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs to stabilize their half-life, while binding to the 5ꞌ UTR prevents translation. Iron loading of dopaminergic neurons in PD may occur through these mechanisms, leading to increased neuronal iron and iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The "gold standard" histological marker of PD, Lewy bodies, are mainly composed of α-synuclein, the expression of which is markedly increased in PD. Of note, an atypical IRE exists in the α-synuclein 5ꞌ UTR that may explain its up-regulation by increased iron. This dysregulation could be impacted by the unique autonomous pacemaking of dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc that engages L-type Ca+2 channels, which imparts a bioenergetic energy deficit and mitochondrial redox stress. This dysfunction could then drive alterations in iron trafficking that attempt to rescue energy deficits such as the increased iron uptake to provide iron for key electron transport proteins. Considering the increased iron-loading in PD brains, therapies utilizing limited iron chelation have shown success. Greater therapeutic advancements should be possible once the exact molecular pathways of iron processing are dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Gholam Azad
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Dharmasivam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G D Mellick
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D R Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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19
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Du L, Zhao Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu B, Ma G. Alterations of Iron Level in the Bilateral Basal Ganglia Region in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:608058. [PMID: 33551726 PMCID: PMC7859276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.608058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of iron level using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the bilateral basal ganglia region in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) patients with long-term ischemia. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy controls and nine patients with MCAO were recruited, and their QSM images were obtained. The bilateral caudate nucleus (Cd), putamen (Pt), and globus pallidus (Gp) were selected as the regions of interest (ROIs). Susceptibility values of bilateral ROIs were calculated and compared between the affected side and unaffected side in patients with MCAO and between patients with MCAO and healthy controls. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of susceptibility values in differentiating healthy controls and patients with MCAO by the area under the curve (AUC). Results: The susceptibility values of bilateral Cd were asymmetric in healthy controls; however, this asymmetry disappeared in patients with MCAO. In addition, compared with healthy controls, the average susceptibility values of the bilateral Pt in patients with MCAO were increased (P < 0.05), and the average susceptibility value of the bilateral Gp was decreased (P < 0.05). ROC curves showed that the susceptibility values of the Pt and Gp had a larger AUC (AUC = 0.700 and 0.889, respectively). Conclusion: As measured by QSM, the iron levels of the bilateral basal ganglia region were significantly changed in patients with MCAO. Iron dyshomeostasis in the basal ganglia region might be involved in the pathophysiological process of middle cerebral artery stenosis and occlusion. These findings may provide a novel insight to profoundly address the pathophysiological mechanisms of MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Guo JJ, Yue F, Song DY, Bousset L, Liang X, Tang J, Yuan L, Li W, Melki R, Tang Y, Chan P, Guo C, Li JY. Intranasal administration of α-synuclein preformed fibrils triggers microglial iron deposition in the substantia nigra of Macaca fascicularis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:81. [PMID: 33441545 PMCID: PMC7807015 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron deposition is present in main lesion areas in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and an abnormal iron content may be associated with dopaminergic neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. However, the cause of iron deposition and its role in the pathological process of PD are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the nasal mucosal delivery of synthetic human α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) on the pathogenesis of PD in Macaca fascicularis. We detected that iron deposition was clearly increased in a time-dependent manner from 1 to 17 months in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus, highly contrasting to other brain regions after treatments with α-syn PFFs. At the cellular level, the iron deposits were specifically localized in microglia but not in dopaminergic neurons, nor in other types of glial cells in the substantia nigra, whereas the expression of transferrin (TF), TF receptor 1 (TFR1), TF receptor 2 (TFR2), and ferroportin (FPn) was increased in dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, no clear dopaminergic neuron loss was observed in the substantia nigra, but with decreased immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and appearance of axonal swelling in the putamen. The brain region-enriched and cell-type-dependent iron localizations indicate that the intranasal α-syn PFFs treatment-induced iron depositions in microglia in the substantia nigra may appear as an early cellular response that may initiate neuroinflammation in the dopaminergic system before cell death occurs. Our data suggest that the inhibition of iron deposition may be a potential approach for the early prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Parkinson's Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dong-Yan Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS and Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China
| | - Wen Li
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS and Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Parkinson's Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden.
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21
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Everett J, Brooks J, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Nanoscale chemical speciation of β-amyloid/iron aggregates using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy shows the co-incubation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and iron(iii) to result in aggregate structures displaying nanoscale heterogeneity in Aβ and iron chemistry, including the formation of potentially cytotoxic Fe0.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Thornburrow Drive
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering
- Library Road
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Neil D. Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Thornburrow Drive
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
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22
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Gleason A, Bush AI. Iron and Ferroptosis as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:252-264. [PMID: 33111259 PMCID: PMC8116360 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, has a devastating personal, familial, and societal impact. In spite of profound investment and effort, numerous clinical trials targeting amyloid-β, which is thought to have a causative role in the disease, have not yielded any clinically meaningful success to date. Iron is an essential cofactor in many physiological processes in the brain. An extensive body of work links iron dyshomeostasis with multiple aspects of the pathophysiology of AD. In particular, regional iron load appears to be a risk factor for more rapid cognitive decline. Existing iron-chelating agents have been in use for decades for other indications, and there are preliminary data that some of these could be effective in AD. Many novel iron-chelating compounds are under development, some with in vivo data showing potential Alzheimer's disease-modifying properties. This heretofore underexplored therapeutic class has considerable promise and could yield much-needed agents that slow neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gleason
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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23
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Ferroptosis Mediates Cuprizone-Induced Loss of Oligodendrocytes and Demyelination. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9327-9341. [PMID: 33106352 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1749-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS. Cuprizone (CZ), a copper chelator, is widely used to study demyelination and remyelination in the CNS, in the context of MS. However, the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte (OL) cell loss and demyelination are not known. As copper-containing enzymes play important roles in iron homeostasis and controlling oxidative stress, we examined whether chelating copper leads to disruption of molecules involved in iron homeostasis that can trigger iron-mediated OL loss. We show that giving mice (male) CZ in the diet induces rapid loss of OL in the corpus callosum by 2 d, accompanied by expression of several markers for ferroptosis, a relatively newly described form of iron-mediated cell death. In ferroptosis, iron-mediated free radicals trigger lipid peroxidation under conditions of glutathione insufficiency, and a reduced capacity to repair lipid damage. This was further confirmed using a small-molecule inhibitor of ferroptosis that prevents CZ-induced loss of OL and demyelination, providing clear evidence of a copper-iron connection in CZ-induced neurotoxicity. This work has wider implications for disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and CNS injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cuprizone (CZ) is a copper chelator that induces demyelination. Although it is a widely used model to study demyelination and remyelination in the context of multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms mediating demyelination is not fully understood. This study shows, for the first time, that CZ induces demyelination via ferroptosis-mediated rapid loss of oligodendrocytes. This work shows that chelating copper with CZ leads to the expression of molecules that rapidly mobilize iron from ferritin (an iron storage protein), that triggers iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oligodendrocyte loss (via ferroptosis). Such rapid mobilization of iron from cellular stores may also play a role in cell death in other neurologic conditions.
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24
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Everett J, Brooks J, Lermyte F, O'Connor PB, Sadler PJ, Dobson J, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Iron stored in ferritin is chemically reduced in the presence of aggregating Aβ(1-42). Sci Rep 2020; 10:10332. [PMID: 32587293 PMCID: PMC7316746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical low-oxidation-state iron phases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology are implicated in disease pathogenesis, as they may promote elevated redox activity and convey toxicity. However, the origin of low-oxidation-state iron and the pathways responsible for its formation and evolution remain unresolved. Here we investigate the interaction of the AD peptide β-amyloid (Aβ) with the iron storage protein ferritin, to establish whether interactions between these two species are a potential source of low-oxidation-state iron in AD. Using X-ray spectromicroscopy and electron microscopy we found that the co-aggregation of Aβ and ferritin resulted in the conversion of ferritin's inert ferric core into more reactive low-oxidation-states. Such findings strongly implicate Aβ in the altered iron handling and increased oxidative stress observed in AD pathogenesis. These amyloid-associated iron phases have biomarker potential to assist with disease diagnosis and staging, and may act as targets for therapies designed to lower oxidative stress in AD tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
| | | | - Neil D Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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25
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Lee HS, Chao HH, Huang WT, Chen SCC, Yang HY. Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32393355 PMCID: PMC7216322 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with psychosocial consequences and psychiatric morbidity. However, the association between adults with IDA and psychiatric disorders has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychiatric disorder morbidity of an IDA group in comparison with a non-IDA group and to examine the risk of psychiatric disorders in IDA patients treated with iron supplementation. METHODS All study subjects were 20 years of age or over with newly diagnosed IDA enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2012. We matched IDA and non-IDA subjects according to age and gender in a 1:2 ratio. Our primary outcome was diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the patients were monitored until the end of 2013. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with IDA after adjustment for confounders, including demographic characteristics and comorbidities. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of psychiatric disorders was 1.52 (95% CI = 1.45-1.59) in the IDA group compared with the non-IDA group. Among the different types of psychiatric disorders, the IDA group was associated with significantly higher incidence and risks of anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disorders, and psychotic disorders (p < 0.05). Furthermore, iron supplementation in IDA subjects was associated with a significantly lower risk of psychiatric disorders compared to non-iron supplementation in IDA patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that IDA subjects had an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, regardless of other confounders. In IDA patients, iron supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, IDA patients receiving iron supplementation also had a lower risk of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herng-Sheng Lee
- grid.415011.00000 0004 0572 9992Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hao Chao
- grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Department of Psychiatry, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan Chia-Yi City, 600 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Clinical Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, No. 539, Zhongxiao Rd., East District, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan 60002
| | - Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, No. 539, Zhongxiao Rd., East District, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan, 60002.
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26
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Robicsek SA, Bhattacharya A, Rabai F, Shukla K, Doré S. Blood-Related Toxicity after Traumatic Brain Injury: Potential Targets for Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:159-178. [PMID: 31617072 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergency visits, hospitalizations, and deaths due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) have increased significantly over the past few decades. While the primary early brain trauma is highly deleterious to the brain, the secondary injury post-TBI is postulated to significantly impact mortality. The presence of blood, particularly hemoglobin, and its breakdown products and key binding proteins and receptors modulating their clearance may contribute significantly to toxicity. Heme, hemin, and iron, for example, cause membrane lipid peroxidation, generate reactive oxygen species, and sensitize cells to noxious stimuli resulting in edema, cell death, and increased morbidity and mortality. A wide range of other mechanisms such as the immune system play pivotal roles in mediating secondary injury. Effective scavenging of all of these pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory metabolites as well as controlling maladaptive immune responses is essential for limiting toxicity and secondary injury. Hemoglobin metabolism is mediated by key molecules such as haptoglobin, heme oxygenase, hemopexin, and ferritin. Genetic variability and dysfunction affecting these pathways (e.g., haptoglobin and heme oxygenase expression) have been implicated in the difference in susceptibility of individual patients to toxicity and may be target pathways for potential therapeutic interventions in TBI. Ongoing collaborative efforts are required to decipher the complexities of blood-related toxicity in TBI with an overarching goal of providing effective treatment options to all patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Robicsek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ayon Bhattacharya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ferenc Rabai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Krunal Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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27
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Lian TH, Guo P, Zuo LJ, Hu Y, Yu SY, Yu QJ, Jin Z, Wang RD, Li LX, Zhang W. Tremor-Dominant in Parkinson Disease: The Relevance to Iron Metabolism and Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:255. [PMID: 30971879 PMCID: PMC6445850 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tremor is one of the most predominant symptoms of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms for tremor relating to iron and its metabolism-related proteins and the inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have not been fully elucidated. Methods: A total of 135 PD patients were divided into a tremor-dominant (PD-TD) group (N = 74) and a postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant (PD-PIGD) group (N = 39) based on the ratio of mean tremor score to the mean bradykinesia/rigid score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III. Age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited (N = 35). Demographic variables were evaluated; iron and its metabolism-related proteins and the inflammatory mediators in both CSF and serum were measured in these groups. The relevance of iron metabolism, inflammation and PD-TD were analyzed. Results: (1) The PD-TD group had significantly decreased L-ferritin, increased iron levels in CSF and increased ferritin levels in the serum compared with the PD-PIGD and control groups (P < 0.05). (2) The PD-TD group had significantly enhanced IL-6 levels in both CSF and serum compared with the PD-PIGD and control groups (P < 0.05). (3) In CSF, the IL-6 level was increased as the iron level was elevated in the PD-TD group (r = 0.308, P = 0.022). In serum, the IL-6 level was increased as the ferritin level was elevated in the PD-TD group (r = 0.410, P = 0.004). Conclusion: The interplay between disturbed iron metabolism and relevant inflammation might modulate clinical phenotypes of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hong Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing, China
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28
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A systematic literature review of the relation between iron status/anemia in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1561-1578. [PMID: 30783211 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal brain starts developing early and animal studies have suggested that iron plays several roles for the development, but results from epidemiological studies investigating associations between gestational iron and offspring neurodevelopment are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To systematically examine results from observational studies and RCTs on gestational iron and offspring neurodevelopment, with focus on the importance of four domains: iron status indicators, exposure timing, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and offspring age. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed. Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and The Cochrane library were searched in September 2017 and February 2018. Overall, 3307 articles were identified and 108 retrieved for full-text assessment. Pre-specified eligibility criteria were used to select studies and 27 articles were included;19 observational and 8 RCTs. RESULTS Iron status in pregnancy was associated with offspring behavior, cognition, and academic achievement. The direction of associations with behavioral outcomes were unclear and the conclusions related to cognition and academic achievement were based on few studies, only. Little evidence was found for associations with motor development. Observed associations were shown to persist beyond infancy into adolescence, and results depended on iron status indicator type but not on the timing of exposure. CONCLUSION We conclude that there is some evidence that low pregnancy iron, possibly particularly in the 3rd trimester, may be associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopment. As most previous research used Hemoglobin, inferring results to iron deficiency should be done with caution. No conclusions could be reached regarding associations beyond early childhood, and supplementation with iron during pregnancy did not seem to influence offspring neurodevelopment.
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29
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Zhang L, Wang H, Zhou X, Mao L, Ding K, Hu Z. Role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated Ca 2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2995-3009. [PMID: 30756474 PMCID: PMC6433723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the cellular Ca2+ and iron homeostasis, which can be regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and many neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Under physiological conditions, MCU can be inhibited by ruthenium red (RR) and activated by spermine (Sper). In the present study, we used RR and Sper to reveal the role of MCU in mouse and neuron TBI models. Our results suggested that the Ca2+ and iron concentrations were obviously increased after TBI. In addition, TBI models showed a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deformation of mitochondria, up‐regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and increase in apoptosis. Blockage of MCU by RR prevented Ca2+ and iron accumulation, abated the level of oxidative stress, improved the energy supply, stabilized mitochondria, reduced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Sper did not increase cellular Ca2+ and iron concentrations, but suppressed the Ca2+ and iron accumulation to benefit the mice in vivo. However, Sper had no significant impact on TBI in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that blockage of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation was essential for TBI. These findings indicated that MCU could be a novel therapeutic target for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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30
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Du L, Zhao Z, Cui A, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Shi S, Fu C, Han X, Gao W, Song T, Xie L, Wang L, Sun S, Guo R, Ma G. Increased Iron Deposition on Brain Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Correlates with Decreased Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1849-1857. [PMID: 29722955 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of iron in deep gray structures is an important pathological characteristic in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is more specific than other imaging-based iron measurement modalities and allows noninvasive assessment of tissue magnetic susceptibility, which has been shown to correlate well with brain iron levels. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the magnetic susceptibility values of deep gray matter nuclei and the cognitive functions assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in patients with mild and moderate AD. Thirty subjects with mild and moderate AD and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were scanned with a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The magnetic susceptibilities of the regions of interest (ROIs), including caudate nucleus (Cd), putamen (Pt), globus pallidus (Gp), thalamus (Th), red nucleus (Rn), substantia nigra (Sn), and dentate nucleus (Dn), were quantified by QSM. We found that the susceptibility values of the bilateral Cd and Pt were significantly higher in AD patients than the controls ( P < 0.05). In contrast, bilateral Rn had significantly lower susceptibility values in AD than the controls. Regardless of gender and age, the increase of magnetic susceptibility in the left Cd was significantly correlated with the decrease of MMSE scores and MoCA scores ( P < 0.05). Our study indicated that magnetic susceptibility value of left Cd could be potentially used as a biomarker of disease severity in mild and moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ailing Cui
- Anatomy Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 Shanxi China
| | - Yijiang Zhu
- Department of Imaging, ANHUI Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo 726000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sumin Shi
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianbin Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runcai Guo
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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31
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Everett J, Collingwood JF, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Brooks J, Lermyte F, Plascencia-Villa G, Hands-Portman I, Dobson J, Perry G, Telling ND. Nanoscale synchrotron X-ray speciation of iron and calcium compounds in amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease subjects. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11782-11796. [PMID: 29688240 PMCID: PMC6034173 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism of biometals in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and biometal interactions with amyloid-β are linked to amyloid plaque formation. Iron-rich aggregates, including evidence for the mixed-valence iron oxide magnetite, are associated with amyloid plaques. To test the hypothesis that increased chemical reduction of iron, as observed in vitro in the presence of aggregating amyloid-β, may occur at sites of amyloid plaque formation in the human brain, the nanoscale distribution and physicochemical states of biometals, particularly iron, were characterised in isolated amyloid plaque cores from human Alzheimer's disease cases using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy. In situ X-ray magnetic circular dichroism revealed the presence of magnetite: a finding supported by ptychographic observation of an iron oxide crystal with the morphology of biogenic magnetite. The exceptional sensitivity and specificity of X-ray spectromicroscopy, combining chemical and magnetic probes, allowed enhanced differentiation of the iron oxides phases present. This facilitated the discovery and speciation of ferrous-rich phases and lower oxidation state phases resembling zero-valent iron as well as magnetite. Sequestered calcium was discovered in two distinct mineral forms suggesting a dynamic process of amyloid plaque calcification in vivo. The range of iron oxidation states present and the direct observation of biogenic magnetite provide unparalleled support for the hypothesis that chemical reduction of iron arises in conjunction with the formation of amyloid plaques. These new findings raise challenging questions about the relative impacts of amyloid-β aggregation, plaque formation, and disrupted metal homeostasis on the oxidative burden observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Joanna F. Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Jake Brooks
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences
, Gibbet Hill Campus
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
| | - Jon Dobson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
, Institute for Cell and Tissue Science & Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and UTSA Neurosciences Institute. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Neil D. Telling
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
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Lee DG, Kam MK, Kim KM, Kim HS, Kwon OS, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 prevents iron overload-induced neuronal death by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:10-19. [PMID: 29906559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for neuronal as well as cellular functions. However, Iron overload has been known to cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of Ca2+, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondria- and ER-related iron toxicity in neuronal cells are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that iron overload induces ROS production earlier in the ER than in the mitochondria, and peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5), which is a kind of antioxidant induced by iron overload, prevents iron overload-induced mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by contact with ER and translocation of Drp1, by inhibiting ROS production and calcium/calcineurin pathway in HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Moreover, Prx5 also prevented iron overload-induced ER-stress and cleavage of caspase-3, which consequently attenuated neuronal cell death. Therefore, we suggested that iron overload induces oxidative stress in the ER earlier than in the mitochondria, thereby increasing ER stress and calcium levels, and consequently causing mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death. So we thought that this study is essential for understanding iron toxicity in neurons, and Prx5 may serve as a new therapeutic target to prevent iron overload-induced diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seop Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Birkl C, Carassiti D, Hussain F, Langkammer C, Enzinger C, Fazekas F, Schmierer K, Ropele S. Assessment of ferritin content in multiple sclerosis brains using temperature-induced R* 2 changes. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:1609-1615. [PMID: 28618066 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current MRI techniques cannot reliably assess iron content in white matter due to the confounding diamagnetic effect of myelin. The purpose of this study was to validate with histology a novel iron mapping technique that uses the temperature dependency of the paramagnetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains, where white matter has been reported to show significant variations in iron content. METHODS We investigated post mortem brain tissue from three MS patients and one control subject. Temperature-dependent R2* relaxometry was performed between 4°C and 37°C. The resulting temperature coefficient ( TcR2*) maps were compared with immunohistochemical stains for ferritin light chain. RESULTS Good agreement between TcR2* maps and ferritin staining was found by way of visual comparison and quantitative analysis. The highest iron concentrations were detected at the edge of MS lesions and in the basal ganglia. For all regions, except the subcortical U-fibers, there was a significant negative correlation between the TcR2* values and the ferritin count. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that TcR2* may be a reliable measure of white matter iron content due to the elimination of myelin-induced susceptibility changes and is well suited for further research into neurological diseases with distortions of the iron homeostasis. Magn Reson Med 79:1609-1615, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Birkl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniele Carassiti
- Blizard Institute (Neuroscience), Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fariha Hussain
- Blizard Institute (Neuroscience), Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmierer
- Blizard Institute (Neuroscience), Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health NHS Trust, Emergency Care and Acute Medicine Neuroscience Clinical Academic Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Rohani M, Razmeh S, Shahidi GA, Alizadeh E, Orooji M. A pilot trial of deferiprone in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration patients. Neurol Int 2018; 9:7279. [PMID: 29619158 PMCID: PMC5865300 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2017.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is the most common form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, it is an autosomal recessive disease due to mutation in PANK 2 on chromosome 20, which causes the accumulation of iron in basal ganglia and production of free radicals that cause degeneration of the cells. Deferiprone is an iron chelator that was used in treatment of thalassemia patients, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and reverse the iron deposition in the brain. Five patients with genetically confirmed PKAN received 15 mg/kg deferiprone twice daily. All patients were examined at baseline, 12 and 18 months and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done at the baseline and after 18 months. In our study qualitative evaluation of MRI showed that deferiprone was able to reduce the iron load in globus pallidus of all the patients and the results of clinical rating scales show that in four patients, there is an improvement in the first 12 months. The results of our paper show that deferiprone can prevent the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Razmeh
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
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35
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Kaindlstorfer C, Jellinger KA, Eschlböck S, Stefanova N, Weiss G, Wenning GK. The Relevance of Iron in the Pathogenesis of Multiple System Atrophy: A Viewpoint. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1253-1273. [PMID: 29376857 PMCID: PMC5798525 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for cellular development and maintenance of multiple physiological processes in the central nervous system. The disturbance of its homeostasis leads to abnormal iron deposition in the brain and causes neurotoxicity via generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Iron toxicity has been established in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease; however, its contribution to multiple system atrophy (MSA) remains elusive. MSA is characterized by cytoplasmic inclusions of misfolded α-synuclein (α-SYN) in oligodendrocytes referred to as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Remarkably, the oligodendrocytes possess high amounts of iron, which together with GCI pathology make a contribution toward MSA pathogenesis likely. Consistent with this observation, the GCI density is associated with neurodegeneration in central autonomic networks as well as olivopontocerebellar and striatonigral pathways. Iron converts native α-SYN into a β-sheet conformation and promotes its aggregation either directly or via increasing levels of oxidative stress. Interestingly, α-SYN possesses ferrireductase activity and α-SYN expression underlies iron mediated translational control via RNA stem loop structures. Despite a correlation between progressive putaminal atrophy and iron accumulation as well as clinical decline, it remains unclear whether pathologic iron accumulation in MSA is a secondary event in the cascade of neuronal degeneration rather than a primary cause. This review summarizes the current knowledge of iron in MSA and gives evidence for perturbed iron homeostasis as a potential pathogenic factor in MSA-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Eschlböck
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K. Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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García-Beltrán O, Mena NP, Aguirre P, Barriga-González G, Galdámez A, Nagles E, Adasme T, Hidalgo C, Núñez MT. Development of an iron-selective antioxidant probe with protective effects on neuronal function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189043. [PMID: 29228015 PMCID: PMC5724820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation, oxidative stress and calcium signaling dysregulation are common pathognomonic signs of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson´s and Alzheimer’s diseases, Friedreich ataxia and Huntington’s disease. Given their therapeutic potential, the identification of multifunctional compounds that suppress these damaging features is highly desirable. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)-2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetamide, named CT51, which exhibited potent free radical neutralizing activity both in vitro and in cells. CT51 bound Fe2+ with high selectivity and Fe3+ with somewhat lower affinity. Cyclic voltammetric analysis revealed irreversible binding of Fe3+ to CT51, an important finding since stopping Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling in cells should prevent hydroxyl radical production resulting from the Fenton-Haber-Weiss cycle. When added to human neuroblastoma cells, CT51 freely permeated the cell membrane and distributed to both mitochondria and cytoplasm. Intracellularly, CT51 bound iron reversibly and protected against lipid peroxidation. Treatment of primary hippocampal neurons with CT51 reduced the sustained calcium release induced by an agonist of ryanodine receptor-calcium channels. These protective properties of CT51 on cellular function highlight its possible therapeutic use in diseases with significant oxidative, iron and calcium dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia P. Mena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pabla Aguirre
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Barriga-González
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Galdámez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edgar Nagles
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Integrative Center for Applied Biology and Chemistry (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, CEMC and ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (CH); (MTN)
| | - Marco T. Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (CH); (MTN)
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Rosager AM, Sørensen MD, Dahlrot RH, Hansen S, Schonberg DL, Rich JN, Lathia JD, Kristensen BW. Transferrin receptor-1 and ferritin heavy and light chains in astrocytic brain tumors: Expression and prognostic value. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182954. [PMID: 28837569 PMCID: PMC5570299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic brain tumors are the most frequent primary brain tumors. Treatment with radio- and chemotherapy has increased survival making prognostic biomarkers increasingly important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) as well as ferritin heavy (FTH) and light (FTL) chain in astrocytic brain tumors. A cohort of 111 astrocytic brain tumors (grade II-IV) was stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against TfR1, FTH, and FTL and scored semi-quantitatively. Double-immunofluorescence stainings were established to determine the phenotype of cells expressing these markers. We found that TfR1, FTH, and FTL were expressed by tumor cells in all grades. TfR1 increased with grade (p<0.001), but was not associated with prognosis in the individual grades. FTH and FTL were expressed by tumor cells and cells with microglial/macrophage morphology. Neither FTH nor FTL increased with malignancy grade, but low FTH expression by both tumor cells (p = 0.03) and microglia/macrophages (p = 0.01) correlated with shorter survival in patients anaplastic astrocytoma. FTL-positive microglia/macrophages were frequent in glioblastomas, and high FTL levels correlated with shorter survival in the whole cohort (p = 0.01) and in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma (p = 0.02). Double-immunofluorescence showed that TfR1, FTH, and FTL were co-expressed to a limited extent with the stem cell-related marker CD133. FTH and FTL were also co-expressed by IBA-1-positive microglia/macrophages. In conclusion, TfR1 was highly expressed in glioblastomas and associated with shorter survival in the whole cohort, but not in the individual malignancy grades. Low levels of FTH-positive tumor cells and microglia/macrophages were associated with poor survival in anaplastic astrocytomas, while high amounts of FTL-positive microglia/macrophages had a negative prognostic value. The results suggest that regulation of the iron metabolism in astrocytic brain tumors is complex involving both autocrine and paracrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mia D. Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke H. Dahlrot
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steinbjørn Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - David L. Schonberg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Bjarne W. Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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38
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Dietrich P, Johnson IM, Alli S, Dragatsis I. Elimination of huntingtin in the adult mouse leads to progressive behavioral deficits, bilateral thalamic calcification, and altered brain iron homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006846. [PMID: 28715425 PMCID: PMC5536499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the HD gene that is translated into an expanded polyglutamine tract in the encoded protein, huntingtin (HTT). While the most significant neuropathology of HD occurs in the striatum, other brain regions are also affected and play an important role in HD pathology. To date there is no cure for HD, and recently strategies aiming at silencing HTT expression have been initiated as possible therapeutics for HD. However, the essential functions of HTT in the adult brain are currently unknown and hence the consequence of sustained suppression of HTT expression is unpredictable and can potentially be deleterious. Using the Cre-loxP system of recombination, we conditionally inactivated the mouse HD gene homologue at 3, 6 and 9 months of age. Here we show that elimination of Htt expression in the adult mouse results in behavioral deficits, progressive neuropathological changes including bilateral thalamic calcification, and altered brain iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dietrich
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Irudayam Maria Johnson
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shanta Alli
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Dragatsis
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Garton T, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Brain iron overload following intracranial haemorrhage. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2016; 1:172-184. [PMID: 28959481 PMCID: PMC5435218 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2016-000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhages, including intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, haemorrhage contributes to tissue damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, efforts to treat the long-term consequences of cerebral haemorrhage have been unsatisfactory. Incident rates and mortality have not showed significant improvement in recent years. In terms of secondary damage following haemorrhage, it is becoming increasingly apparent that blood components are of integral importance, with haemoglobin-derived iron playing a major role. However, the damage caused by iron is complex and varied, and therefore, increased investigation into the mechanisms by which iron causes brain injury is required. As ICH, IVH, SAH and TBI are related, this review will discuss the role of iron in each, so that similarities in injury pathologies can be more easily identified. It summarises important components of normal brain iron homeostasis and analyses the existing evidence on iron-related brain injury mechanisms. It further discusses treatment options of particular promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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40
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Ćurko-Cofek B, Kezele TG, Marinić J, Tota M, Čizmarević NS, Milin Č, Ristić S, Radošević-Stašić B, Barac-Latas V. Chronic iron overload induces gender-dependent changes in iron homeostasis, lipid peroxidation and clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:1-12. [PMID: 27570231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To analyze iron- and gender-dependent mechanisms possibly involved in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in this study we evaluated the effects of iron overload (IO) on iron status and lipid peroxidation processes (LPO) in tissues of female and male DA rats during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a well-established MS animal model. Rats were treated by iron sucrose (75mg/kg bw/day) or with saline solution during two weeks before the sensitization with bovine brain homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical signs of EAE were monitored during 29 days. Serum and tissues of CNS and liver were sampled before immunization and at day 13th post immunization (during acute phase of EAE). The determination of ferritin, iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and evaluation of histopathology were performed by ELISA, ICP spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that IO in female EAE rats accelerated the onset of disease. In contrast, in male rats it accelerated the progression of disease and increased the mortality rate. During acute phase of EAE female IO rats sequestered more Fe in the liver, spinal cord and in the brain and produced more ferritin than male EAE rats. Male rats, however, reacted on IO by higher production of MDA or 4-HNE in the neural tissues and showed greater signs of plaque formation and gliosis in spinal cord. The data point to sexual dimorphism in mechanisms that regulate peripheral and brain iron homeostasis and imply that men and women during MS might be differentially vulnerable to exogenous iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Marinić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marin Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nada Starčević Čizmarević
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Čedomila Milin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Ristić
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Biserka Radošević-Stašić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Barac-Latas
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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41
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Lee DG, Park J, Lee HS, Lee SR, Lee DS. Iron overload-induced calcium signals modulate mitochondrial fragmentation in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. Toxicology 2016; 365:17-24. [PMID: 27481217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron is necessary for neuronal functions; however, excessive iron accumulation caused by impairment of iron balance could damage neurons. Neuronal iron accumulation has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying iron toxicity in neuron cells are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying iron overload-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells that were incubated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). Mitochondrial fragmentation via dephosphorylation of Drp1 (Ser637) and increased apoptotic neuronal death were observed in FAC-stimulated HT-22 cells. Furthermore, the levels of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) were increased by iron overload. Notably, chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) rescued mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death. In addition, iron overload activated calcineurin through the Ca(2+)/calmodulin and Ca(2+)/calpain pathways. Pretreatment with the calmodulin inhibitor W13 and the calpain inhibitor ALLN attenuated iron overload-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death. Therefore, these findings suggest that Ca(2+)-mediated calcineurin signals are a key player in iron-induced neurotoxicity by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. We believe that our results may contribute to the development of novel therapies for iron toxicity related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyung Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheonbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Pirpamer L, Hofer E, Gesierich B, De Guio F, Freudenberger P, Seiler S, Duering M, Jouvent E, Duchesnay E, Dichgans M, Ropele S, Schmidt R. Determinants of iron accumulation in the normal aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu H, Wang X. Correlation of iron deposition and change of gliocyte metabolism in the basal ganglia region evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging techniques: an in vivo study. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:163-71. [PMID: 26925133 PMCID: PMC4754378 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed the correlation between iron deposition and the change of gliocyte metabolism in healthy subjects' basal ganglia region, by using 3D-enhanced susceptibility weighted angiography (ESWAN) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-seven healthy volunteers (39 female and 38 male subjects; age range: 24-82 years old) were enrolled in the experiment including ESWAN and proton MRS sequences, consent for which was provided by themselves or their guardians. For each subject, the mean phase value gained by ESWAN was used to evaluate the iron deposition; choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and mI/Cr ratios gained by (1)H-MRS were used to evaluate gliocyte metabolism in the basal ganglia region of both sides. The paired t test was used to test the difference between the two sides of the basal ganglia region. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the relation between mean phase value and age. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to analyze the relationship between the result of ESWAN and (1)H-MRS. RESULTS There was no difference between the two sides of the basal ganglia region in the mean phase value and Cho/Cr. But in mI/Cr the mean phase value of each nucleus in bilateral basal ganglia decreased with increasing age. There are 16 r-values between the mean phase value and Cho/Cr and mI/Cr in bilateral basal ganglia region. And each of all p-values is less than 0.001 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Iron deposition in the bilateral basal ganglia is associated with the change of gliocyte metabolism with increasing age. Iron deposition in each nucleus of the basal ganglia region changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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Maghsoudi A, Fakharzadeh S, Hafizi M, Abbasi M, Kohram F, Sardab S, Tahzibi A, Kalanaky S, Nazaran MH. Neuroprotective effects of three different sizes nanochelating based nano complexes in MPP(+) induced neurotoxicity. Apoptosis 2015; 20:298-309. [PMID: 25451011 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most common dementia, which the drugs available for its treatment have not had effects beyond slowing the disease process. Recently nanotechnology has induced the chance for designing and manufacturing new medicines for neurodegenerative disease. It is demonstrated that by tuning the size of a nanoparticle, the physiological effect of the nanoparticle can be controlled. Using novel nanochelating technology, three nano complexes: Pas (150 nm), Paf (100 nm) and Pac (40 nm) were designed and in the present study their neuroprotective effects were evaluated in PC12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP (+)). PC12 cells were pre-treated with the Pas, Paf or Pac nano complexes, then they were subjected to 10 μM MPP (+). Subsequently, cell viability, intracellular free Calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and Caspase 3 expression were evaluated. All three nano complexes, especially Pac, were able to increase cell viability, SOD and CAT activity, decreased Caspase 3 expression and prevented the generation of ROS and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by MPP(+). Pre-treatment with Pac and Paf nano complexes lead to a decrease of intracellular free Calcium, but Pas nano complex could not decrease it. Only Pac nano complex decreased MDA levels and other nano complexes could not change this parameter compared to MPP(+) treated cells. Hence according to the results, all nanochelating based nano complexes induced neuroprotective effects in an experimental model of PD, but the smallest nano complex, Pac, showed the best results.
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Greminger AR, Mayer-Pröschel M. Identifying the threshold of iron deficiency in the central nervous system of the rat by the auditory brainstem response. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/1/1759091415569911. [PMID: 25732706 PMCID: PMC4366421 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415569911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of anemia on auditory nerve (AN) development have been well investigated; however, we have previously reported that significant functional consequences in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) can also occur as a consequence of marginal iron deficiency (ID). As the ABR has widespread clinical use, we evaluated the ability of this electrophysiological method to characterize the threshold of tissue ID in rats by examining the relationship between markers of tissue ID and severity of ABR latency defects. To generate various levels of ID, female Long-Evans rats were exposed to diets containing sufficient, borderline, or deficient iron (Fe) concentrations throughout gestation and offspring lifetime. We measured hematological indices of whole body iron stores in dams and offspring to assess the degree of ID. Progression of AN ID in the offspring was measured as ferritin protein levels at different times during postnatal development to complement ABR functional measurements. The severity of ABR deficits correlated with the level of Fe restriction in each diet. The sufficient Fe diet did not induce AN ID and consequently did not show an impaired ABR latency response. The borderline Fe diet, which depleted AN Fe stores but did not cause systemic anemia resulted in significantly increased ABR latency isolated to Peak I.The low Fe diet, which induced anemia and growth retardation, significantly increased ABR latencies of Peaks I to IV. Our findings indicate that changes in the ABR could be related to various degrees of ID experienced throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Greminger
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Park J, Lee DG, Kim B, Park SJ, Kim JH, Lee SR, Chang KT, Lee HS, Lee DS. Iron overload triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via calcineurin-sensitive signals in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. Toxicology 2015; 337:39-46. [PMID: 26318285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of iron in neurons has been proposed to contribute to the pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, insufficient research has been conducted on the precise mechanism underlying iron toxicity in neurons. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial dynamics in hippocampal HT-22 neurons exposed to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) as a model of iron overload and neurodegeneration. Incubation with 150 μM FAC for 48 h resulted in decreased cell viability and apoptotic death in HT-22 cells. The FAC-induced iron overload triggered mitochondrial fragmentation, which was accompanied by Drp1(Ser637) dephosphorylation. Iron chelation with deferoxamine prevented the FAC-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptotic cell death by inhibiting Drp1(Ser637) dephosphorylation. In addition, a S637D mutation of Drp1, which resulted in a phosphorylation-mimetic form of Drp1 at Ser637, protected against the FAC-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal apoptosis. FK506 and cyclosporine A, inhibitors of calcineurin activation, determined that calcineurin was associated with the iron-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology and the phosphorylation levels of Drp1. These results indicate that the FAC-induced dephosphorylation of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation was rescued by the inhibition of calcineurin activation. Therefore, these findings suggest that calcineurin-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1(Ser637) acts as a key regulator of neuronal cell loss by modulating mitochondrial dynamics in iron-induced toxicity. These results may contribute to the development of novel therapies for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders related to iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ji Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hak Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Zarruk JG, Berard JL, Passos dos Santos R, Kroner A, Lee J, Arosio P, David S. Expression of iron homeostasis proteins in the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and their implications for iron accumulation. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:93-107. [PMID: 25724358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation occurs in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms underlying such iron accumulation are not fully understood. We studied the expression and cellular localization of molecules involved in cellular iron influx, storage, and efflux. This was assessed in two mouse models of EAE: relapsing-remitting (RR-EAE) and chronic (CH-EAE). The expression of molecules involved in iron homeostasis was assessed at the onset, peak, remission/progressive and late stages of the disease. We provide several lines of evidence for iron accumulation in the EAE spinal cord which increases with disease progression and duration, is worse in CH-EAE, and is localized in macrophages and microglia. We also provide evidence that there is a disruption of the iron efflux mechanism in macrophages/microglia that underlie the iron accumulation seen in these cells. Macrophages/microglia also lack expression of the ferroxidases (ceruloplasmin and hephaestin) which have antioxidant effects. In contrast, astrocytes which do not accumulate iron, show robust expression of several iron influx and efflux proteins and the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin which detoxifies ferrous iron. Astrocytes therefore are capable of efficiently recycling iron from sites of EAE lesions likely into the circulation. We also provide evidence of marked dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism genes, as well as of NADPH oxidase genes in the EAE spinal cord. This data provides the basis for the selective iron accumulation in macrophage/microglia and further evidence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction in EAE. It may provide insights into processes underling iron accumulation in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases in which iron accumulation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Zarruk
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Berard
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosmarini Passos dos Santos
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Dept of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N210 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664 USA
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada.
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Vazquez DS, Agudelo WA, Yone A, Vizioli N, Arán M, González Flecha FL, González Lebrero MC, Santos J. A helix–coil transition induced by the metal ion interaction with a grafted iron-binding site of the CyaY protein family. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2370-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An iron-binding motif EExxED from the first α-helical stretch of frataxin was grafted on a foreign peptide scaffold:KD= 1.9 ± 0.2 μM and 1 : 1 stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S. Vazquez
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - William A. Agudelo
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Angel Yone
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Nora Vizioli
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Martín Arán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA – CONICET
- 1405 Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - F. Luis González Flecha
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Mariano C. González Lebrero
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Javier Santos
- Instituto de Química y Físico – Química Biológicas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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Wang Y, Gao A, Xu X, Dang B, You W, Li H, Yu Z, Chen G. The Neuroprotection of Lysosomotropic Agents in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Probably Involving the Apoptosis Pathway Triggering by Cathepsins via Chelating Intralysosomal Iron. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:64-77. [PMID: 25112680 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid-plus (LAP), an amine derivative of α-lipoic acid (LA), could protect cells against oxidant challenges via chelating intralysosomal iron. However, the application of LAP in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still not well known. This study was designed to evaluate the potential neuroprotection of LAP on the early brain injury (EBI) and the underlying mechanisms in a rat model of SAH. The SAH models were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. LA and LAP were oral administration and lasted for 72 h once a day. The brain tissue samples were obtained for assay at 72 h after SAH. In experiment 1, we found that lysosome amounts in neurons decreased significantly in SAH group, and LAP (100 mg/kg) could stabilize lysosomal membrane markedly based on lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) expression in neurons by immunofluorescence. Hence, the LAP dosages of 100 and 150 mg/kg were applied in experiment 2. Firstly, Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of cathepsin B/D, caspase-3, Bax, ferritin, and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) markedly increased after SAH, which were further confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining and reversed by LA and LAP treatments. In addition, LA and LAP also reduced oxidative stress and iron deposition in brain tissue. Furthermore, LA and LAP significantly ameliorated brain edema, blood-brain barrier injury, cortical apoptosis, and neurological behavior impairment induced by SAH. Finally, it is noteworthy that LAP exerted more significant effects than LA on these parameters as described above. LAP probably exerted neuroprotective effects via targeting lysosomes and chelating intralysosomal iron in EBI post-SAH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
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Hatakeyama T, Okauchi M, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Deferoxamine reduces neuronal death and hematoma lysis after intracerebral hemorrhage in aged rats. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 4:546-53. [PMID: 24187595 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is primarily a disease of the elderly. Deferoxamine (DFX), an iron chelator, reduces long-term neurological deficits and brain atrophy after ICH in aged rats. In the present study, we investigated whether DFX can reduce acute ICH-induced neuronal death and whether it affects the endogenous response to ICH (ferritin upregulation and hematoma resolution) in aged rats. Male Fischer 344 rats (18 months old) had an intracaudate injection of 100 μL autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia and were treated with DFX (100 mg/kg) or vehicle 2 hours post-ICH and then every 12 hours up to 7 days. Rats were euthanized 1, 3, or 7 days later for neuronal death, ferritin and hematoma size measurements. Plasma ferritin levels and behavioral outcome following ICH were also examined. DFX treatment significantly reduced ICH-induced neuronal death and neurological deficits. DFX also suppressed ferritin upregulation in the ipsilateral basal ganglia after ICH and hematoma lysis (hematoma volume at day 7: 13.2±4.9 vs. 3.8±1.2 mm3 in vehicle-treated group, p<0.01). However, effects of DFX on plasma ferritin levels after ICH did not reach significance. In conclusion, DFX reduces neuronal death and neurological deficits after ICH in aged rats. It also affects the endogenous response to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Hatakeyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, USA ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University, Japan
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