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Korczeniewska OA, Dakshinamoorthy J, Prabhakar V, Lingaiah U. Genetics Affecting the Prognosis of Dental Treatments. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:659-692. [PMID: 39244250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Genetics plays a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to dental diseases, the response to dental treatments, and the overall prognosis of dental interventions. Here, the authors explore the various genetic factors affecting the prognosis of dental treatments focusing on dental caries, orthodontic treatment, oral cancer, prosthodontic treatment, periodontal disease, developmental disorders, pharmacogenetics, and genetic predisposition to faster wound healing. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of dental health can help personalize treatment plans, predict outcomes, and improve the overall quality of dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Korczeniewska
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, Room D-880, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Janani Dakshinamoorthy
- GeneAura Pvt. Ltd, AP1166, 4th street, Anna Nagar, Thendral Colony, Chennai 600040, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Prabhakar
- Department of Dental Sciences Dr. M.G.R. Educational And Research Institute Periyar E.V.R. High Road, (NH 4 Highway) Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Upasana Lingaiah
- Upasana Lingaiah, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Room number 1, K R Road, V V Puram, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560004, India
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Andrade ALCDÁ, Pinto YDDA, Maia BEB, Corrêa JD, Miranda DDA, Manzi FR, Lima ILDA. Genetic polymorphisms in external apical root resorption and orthodontic tooth movements: A systematic review. Korean J Orthod 2024; 54:284-302. [PMID: 39162020 PMCID: PMC11422680 DOI: 10.4041/kjod24.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective External apical root resorption (EARR) is characterized by permanent loss of dental structure at the root apex. This study aimed to systematically review gene polymorphisms associated with EARR in orthodontic patients. Methods Electronic database searches were performed across several databases. Results This systematic review included 21 studies. Outcome measures were based on tooth dimensions observed on radiographs obtained before and after treatment. Polymorphisms in the following genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: purinergic-receptor-P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2RX7), caspase-1/interleukin-converting enzyme (CASP1/ICE), caspase-5 (CASP5), IL-1beta (IL1B), IL-1alpha (IL1A), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN), tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily gene member 11a (TNFRSF11A), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily gene member 11b (TNFRSF11B), interleukin 17A (IL17), interleukin 6 (IL6), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), stromal antigen 2 (STAG2), vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B (CYP27B1), group-specific component (GC), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 (IRAK1). Conclusions Almost all studies suggested that IL1 gene is associated with EARR. Additionally, P2RX7 may be an important factor contributing to the etiopathogenesis of EARR. TNFRSF11A, SPP1, IL1RN, IL6, TNFRSF11B, STAG2, VDR, IRAK1, IL-17, CASP1/ICE and CASP5 have been identified in isolated studies. Further observational studies are needed to better explain the association between these genes and EARR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joice Dias Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Ricardo Manzi
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Liu J, Park K, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Cha JY. Genetic polymorphisms linked to extreme postorthodontic external apical root resorption in Koreans. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:23. [PMID: 38853224 PMCID: PMC11162991 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment, this study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the susceptibility to extreme orthodontic-induced EARR in a Korean population using extreme phenotype analysis sampling. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from the saliva of 77 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment involving two maxillary premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on EARR values measured on periapical radiographs: The significant resorption group (SG, EARR ≥ 4 mm) and the normal group (NG, EARR < 2 mm). In the NG group, patients with EARR < 1 mm were named the non-resorption group (NonG). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using the screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and firth logistic regression analysis was used to determine genetic associations with EARR. Haplotype-based association analysis was performed for specific SNPs. RESULTS SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 were found to be significantly associated with severe EARR (p < 0.05, pre-Bonferroni correction p-values). Additionally, the haplotype CCA of rs17525809, rs208294, and rs1718119 P2RX7 had a higher frequency in the SG group. CONCLUSION Extreme phenotype analysis has identified eleven SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 that are associated with severe root resorption in the Korean population. These findings will contribute to the development of predictive diagnostic tools for identifying severe root resorption that may occur during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Baghaei NN, Zhai G, Lamani E. Genetic and other factors contributing to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:64-72. [PMID: 37526277 PMCID: PMC10830890 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE External apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial disorder with adverse clinical outcomes in orthodontic practices often resulting in significant root shortening. This study examined the effect that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have on the risk of developing EARR in orthodontic patients in X. We also evaluated how other selected patient- and treatment-related factors may contribute to root resorption in these patients. SETTING/SAMPLE Patients included in this case-control study were treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. METHODS Panoramic radiographs were used to measure root resorption of the maxillary incisors. EARR was recorded when at least 20% of the root length had been lost with orthodontic treatment. Factors evaluated for association with EARR included ethnicity, sex, age, dental and skeletal classifications, ANB, U1-SN, overjet, treatment type and time, and SNPs in IL-1A (rs1800587), IL-1B (rs1143634), IL-1RN (rs419598), P2RX7 (rs1718119 and rs2230912), IRAK1 (rs1059703) and CASP1 (rs530537, rs580253 and rs554344). Chi-square test, Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, Benjamin-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The significance level was defined as P < .05. RESULTS We found that extraction treatment protocol and dental classification displayed significant association with root resorption. Furthermore, the GG genotype of IL-1A rs1800587 variant (in individuals with an increased overjet) predisposed Caucasians to EARR. While CASP1 (rs530537) variant may contribute to the risk of root resorption, it was not statistically significant after FDR adjustment (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Both patient- and treatment-related factors contributed to EARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie N. Baghaei
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guihua Zhai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ejvis Lamani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Alshammari AK. Necrotic Pulp With Crown Discoloration Associated With Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e42420. [PMID: 37497310 PMCID: PMC10367121 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment may have iatrogenic consequences for the pulpal tissue. This study describes the endodontic treatment and internal bleaching that were used to treat a necrotic pulp with internal resorption caused by the dentist. This happened to the pulpal tissue after it had been treated with orthodontics. To prevent such iatrogenic consequences for pulpal tissue during orthodontic treatment, it is essential to maintain frequent radiological follow-ups. Regular radiographic examinations can help identify any potential complications early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. Additionally, employing light orthodontic force can help minimize the risk of trauma to the pulpal tissue, reducing the likelihood of necrosis and internal resorption.
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Al-Dboush R, Rossi A, El-Bialy T. Impact of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on volumetric root resorption of maxillary incisors in patients treated with clear aligner therapy: A retrospective study. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e2321252. [PMID: 37255132 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.2.e2321252.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric root resorption in maxillary incisors following clear aligner therapy (CAT) with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and compare the results to CAT alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study evaluated pretreatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 42 adult patients. Twenty-one patients (14 females, 7 males, mean age= 38.1±12.96 years) were treated using CAT with LIPUS device, whereas the other twenty-one matching controls patients (15 females, 6 males, mean age= 35.6±11.7 years) were treated using CAT alone. Images were analyzed and a segmentation protocol was applied on the maxillary incisors. Each segmented tooth volume was exported as a surface mesh in the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) file format. The VTK files for all maxillary incisors were coded and corresponding teeth volumes from T0 and T1 were superimposed. Clipping the crown of each tooth was done, then measurements of root volumes and differences between groups were performed. Changes in root volumes were assessed (p<0.05). RESULTS Root loss was evident in all teeth in both groups, but was significantly increased in all maxillary incisors of the control group (p<0.001) and in upper left central incisor of LIPUS group (p=0.009). When both groups were compared, there was statistically significant minimal volumetric root loss in LIPUS group (3.50-7.32 mm3), when compared to control group (11.48-12.95 mm3) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION LIPUS group showed less volumetric root resorption compared to control group during the studied treatment time using clear aligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra'ed Al-Dboush
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics (Edmonton/Canada)
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics (Amman/Jordan)
| | - Antonio Rossi
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics (Edmonton/Canada)
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics (Edmonton/Canada)
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Marañón-Vásquez G, Küchler EC, Hermann S, Paddenberg E, Schröder A, Baratto-Filho F, Flores-Mir C, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Association between genetic variants in key vitamin-D-pathway genes and external apical root resorption linked to orthodontic treatment. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12916. [PMID: 36683003 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin-D-related genes and the amount of external apical root resorption linked to orthodontic treatment. One hundred and forty-three individuals were assessed. The amount of external apical root resorption of upper central incisors (EARRinc ) and lower first molars (EARRmol ) were evaluated in radiographs. Seven SNPs were genotyped across four genes including the vitamin D receptor [VDR], group-specific component [GC], cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 [CYP27B1], and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 [CYP24A1]. Linear regressions were implemented to determine allele-effects on external apical root resorption. Individuals carrying the AA genotype in VDR rs2228570 had a 21% higher EARRmol than those having AG and GG genotypes (95% CI: 1.03,1.40). EARRmol in heterozygous rs2228570, was 12% lower than for homozygotes (95%CI: 0.78,0.99). Participants with the CCG haplotype (rs1544410-rs7975232-rs731236) in VDR had an EARRmol 16% lower than those who did not carry this haplotype. Regarding CYP27B1 rs4646536, EARRinc in participants who had at least one G allele was 42% lower than for homozygotes AA (95%CI: 0.37,0.93). Although these results did not remain significant after multiple testing adjustment, potential associations may still be suggested. Further replication studies are needed to confirm or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E C Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Hermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Univille - University of the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C Flores-Mir
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Lee YJ, Pak H, Hwang CJ, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Lee JH, Cha JY. Targeted next-generation sequencing for comprehensive genetic analysis of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in the Korean population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:668-679.e5. [PMID: 35965166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the most common unfavorable consequences of orthodontic treatment and causes loss of tooth structure. The present study aimed to investigate the genetics of EARR using next-generation sequencing comprehensively. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed for comprehensive genetic analysis of 118 Korean orthodontic patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their EARR value. The association of clinical and genetic parameters with EARR was assessed using the χ2 test or t test for matched pairs, followed by Bonferroni correction and linear regression analysis. In addition, haplotype analysis and in silico prediction were conducted to evaluate functional effects. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between clinical and treatment-related parameters and EARR. The single nucleotide polymorphisms SPP1 rs9138 (P = 0.001) and SFRP2 rs3810765 (P = 0.04) showed only nominal significance between EARR groups. However, these 2 SNPs were not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (cutoff P = 0.05/142 = 3.52 × 10-4). Variations in SPP1 rs9138 and SFRP2 rs3810765 may be related to EARR during orthodontic treatment. In summary, not only genes related to inflammatory reactions but also those related to Wnt signaling to affect the degree of EARR during orthodontic teeth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Pak
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Effect of Serum Level of Vitamin D on External Apical Root Resorption in Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Patients under Fixed Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7942998. [PMID: 36203821 PMCID: PMC9532138 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7942998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the effect of serum level of vitamin D on external apical root resorption (EARR) in maxillary anterior teeth in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort was conducted on patients under fixed orthodontic treatment who were between 12 to 30 years of age. All patients underwent the same treatment technique by the same orthodontist using a 0.022 MBT system. EARR in maxillary anterior teeth was evaluated on pre- and postoperative panoramic radiographs. Blood samples were also collected from patients, and their serum level of vitamin D was measured after the completion of treatment. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). Results A reduction in root length was noted in all patients, which was significant (P < 0.0001); 75% of patients showed EARR in at least one maxillary incisor. EARR had no significant correlation with the serum level of vitamin D (P=0.423). Conclusions Serum level of vitamin D had no significant correlation with the occurrence of EARR. However, the high prevalence of EARR calls for measures to minimize it.
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Patel S, Saberi N, Pimental T, Teng P. Present status and future directions: Root resorption. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:892-921. [PMID: 35229320 PMCID: PMC9790676 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is the loss of dental hard tissue because of odontoclastic action. In permanent teeth, it is undesirable and pathological in nature. Root resorption may occur on the inner aspect of the root canal (internal root resorption) or on the outer aspect of the root (external root resorption). Regardless of its location, root resorption is irreversible, and may result in discomfort for the patient, requires management and/or, in some cases, results in the premature loss of the affected tooth. Root resorption is often challenging to accurately diagnose and manage. The aim of this narrative review is to present the relevant literature on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management, as well as discuss the future directions of diagnosis and management of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Patel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK,Specialist PracticeLondonUK
| | - Navid Saberi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tiago Pimental
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peng‐Hui Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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Silva HC, Lavado N, Canova F, Lopez MG, Regateiro FJ, Pereira SA. Influence of clinical factors on the protective or deleterious impact of genetic variants in orthodontically induced external root resorption: an observational study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:270. [PMID: 35787289 PMCID: PMC9254450 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of susceptibility to Orthodontically Induced External Apical Root Resorption (OIEARR) has been hampered by the complex architecture of this multifactorial phenotype. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the interaction of multiple variables in the susceptibility to OIEARR. METHODS The study evaluated 195 patients requiring orthodontic treatment. Nine clinical and treatment variables, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes and variables interactions were analyzed as risk factors for OIEARR using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS The model explained 29% of OIEARR variability (ANOVA: p < 0.01). Duration of treatment was the most important predictor and gender was the second, closely followed by premolar extraction. For genes encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK) and the IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), the effect of analyzed variants changed from protective to deleterious depending on the duration of treatment and the age of the patient. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that in OIEARR the impact of genetic susceptibility factors is dynamic changing according to clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Coimbra Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute of Medical Genetics/UCGenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo 3. Subunidade 1, 3º andar, gab 77. Azinhaga de Sta Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Lavado
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Institute of Engineering of Coimbra - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena Canova
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Institute of Engineering of Coimbra - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Guevara Lopez
- Department of Computing and Systems, Setúbal School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Campus de Estefanilha, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernando J Regateiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Medical Genetics/UCGenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo 3. Subunidade 1, 3º andar, gab 77. Azinhaga de Sta Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia A Pereira
- Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Mann C, Cheng LL, Ranjitkar S, Elekdag-Turk ST, Turk T, Darendeliler MA. Comparison of surface roughness of root cementum and orthodontically induced root resorption craters from high- and low-fluoridation areas: a 3D confocal microscopy study. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 35754084 PMCID: PMC9234018 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoride has a major role in strengthening the structure of enamel against acids. Despite differences between caries and root resorption processes, both events inherently involve acidic dissolution of dental tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of water fluoridation levels on the surface roughness of root cementum and resorption craters. The findings provided more insight into the influence of fluoride on the surfaces of intact cementum surface and resorption craters. Methods Twenty-eight orthodontic patients were recruited from two cities in Turkey, with high (≥ 2 ppm) and low (≤ 0.05 ppm) water fluoridation. These patients needed bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction as part of their orthodontic treatment and were allocated into two study groups (n = 14 in each group) based on water fluoridation exposure level: the high-fluoride group (HF) and low-fluoride group (LF). 150 g of buccal tipping forces was applied to all maxillary first premolar teeth for 12 weeks with a beta-titanium spring which was reactivated every 4 weeks. All maxillary premolars were removed at the end of the experiment for surface roughness assessment using three-dimensional confocal microscopy and the associated software. The buccal root surface and the largest buccal resorption crater were investigated. Results Resorption craters were significantly rougher in LF group compared to HF group (p = 0.002). Craters were rougher than the intact root surfaces (p = 0.000). Cervical and apical regions were significantly rougher than the middle region (p = 0.000 and p = 0.024, respectively). Conclusions Higher water fluoridation level of ≥ 2 ppm resulted in significantly smoother root resorption craters than low water fluoridation level of ≤ 0.05 ppm when the teeth were subjected to 150 g of buccal tipping force. Fluoride seems to have a protective role at the interface of root resorption, and further mineral or histological studies may shed light on the exact protective process against root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Mann
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lam L Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Selma T Elekdag-Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tamer Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Mann C, Cheng LL, Çolak C, Elekdag-Turk ST, Turk T, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 28. Effects of high and low water fluoridation on orthodontic root resorption: A microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:238-246. [PMID: 35365380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transient inflammatory surface resorption, referred to as orthodontic induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR), is an iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. Systemic fluoride has been associated with a reduction of OIIRR. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water fluoridation levels on OIIRR in a clinically applicable human orthodontic model. METHODS Twenty-eight patients who required bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction as part of orthodontic treatment were selected from 2 cities with high and low water fluoridation of ≥2 ppm and ≤0.05 ppm, respectively. Patients were separated into high fluoride (HF) and low fluoride (LF) groups on the basis of water fluoridation levels. Bilateral maxillary first premolar teeth were subjected to 150 g of buccal tipping forces for 12 weeks with reactivation every 4 weeks. Teeth were extracted at the end of 12 weeks. Root resorption crater volume was determined using microcomputed tomography and 3-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS HF group showed significantly less mean root resorption volume on the palatal root surface when compared with the LF group (P = 0.025). This difference was specifically displayed at palatal apical regions (P = 0.041). When root resorption volumes from the zones of orthodontic pressure (buccal cervical, palatal apical) were combined, the mean difference between HF and LF groups was statistically significant (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study indicated a positive correlation between water fluoridation and the reduction of OIIRR, especially at the zones of orthodontic pressure, using a clinically relevant human orthodontic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Mann
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lam L Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Selma T Elekdag-Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tamer Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Smorthit K, Little R. A novel removable appliance for canine retraction: a case report. J Orthod 2022; 49:352-358. [PMID: 35302408 DOI: 10.1177/14653125221076860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This case report outlines the use of a modified Leighton's retractor as a method for canine retraction in a patient with severe hypodontia, a history of aggressive periodontitis with tooth loss and idiopathic root resorption affecting multiple teeth. Treatment involved an upper removable appliance in combination with a lower sectional fixed appliance with the aim of improving aesthetics and function for the patient, whilst balancing the need to minimise treatment duration and modify treatment mechanics to reduce the orthodontic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smorthit
- Leeds Dental Institute and Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Leeds, UK
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15
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Alkasaby AA, Shamaa MS, Abdelnaby YL. The effects of micro-osteoperforation on upper first molar root resorption and bone density after distalization by miniscrew-supported Fast Back appliance in adults: A CBCT randomized controlled trial. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100611. [PMID: 35148973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, primary the effects of Micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of maxillary first molars, and secondary, the density of surrounding alveolar bone during distalization phase with Fast Back distalizer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female patients between 16-20 years of age (University of Mansoura), meeting the criteria, were included between March to September 2019. They were randomly, and equally allocated into control and MOP groups. Both of them underwent distalization with Fast Back distalizer. 3MOPs were applied in the intervention group, distal to the first molars using a 3D printed guide. CBCT images were obtained before and after distalization. Apical root resorption maxillary first molars' roots, and alveolar bone density surrounding them were evaluated using independent-samples t-test. Time of distalization phase was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation and partial correlation tests were done between resorption of roots, bone density, and time. RESULTS Screening of 50 patients, and exclusion for 30 of them were done. Only 20 subjects underwent the trial to the end. In MOP group, OIIRR of mesiobuccal roots significantly increased (MD=-0.2 (-0.34 to -0.01), P<0.05), and significantly decreased for disto-buccal roots (MD=0.6 (0.45 to 0.72), P<0.001). The second and third layers of bone density decreased significantly in MOP group (MD=116.7 (50.8 to 182.5), MD=560.4 (327.9 to 792.7) respectively, P<0.001). Time for distalization phase was significantly reduced in MOP group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS MOP decreased OIIRR for nearby distobuccal roots by reduction in surrounding density of bone, and increased OIIRR for the far mesiobuccal roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Alkasaby
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Shamaa
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Yasser L Abdelnaby
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt
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NEVES BMD, FERNANDES LQP, CAPELLI JUNIOR J. External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment: analysis in different chronological periods. Dental Press J Orthod 2022; 27:e2220100. [PMID: 36350942 PMCID: PMC9639616 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.5.e2220100.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: External apical root resorption (EARR) is characterized by the definitive loss of tooth root structure, with a higher incidence in lateral and central maxillary incisors. Objective: To identify, in different chronological periods, the incidence of EARR in the maxillary incisors (MI) of patients orthodontically treated with or without premolars extraction. Methods: Periapical radiographs before and after orthodontic treatment of 1,304 MIs from 326 patients (205 women and 121 men) were evaluated for EARR, divided into five groups, according to the chronological period in which treatments were started: G90) from 1990 to 1994, G95) from 1995 to 1999, G00) from 2000 to 2004, G05) from 2005 to 2009, G10) from 2010 to 2015. The evaluation was performed in each group, in patients who underwent maxillary first premolars extraction and those who did not. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test was used, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The EARR was measured using the adapted Levander and Malmgren classification. Results: Incidence of EARR was higher in MIs of patients treated with maxillary premolar extraction (p < 0.05) in two chronological periods (G00 and G10), also being influenced by orthodontic treatments with longer duration, and due to possible individual genetic factors. Conclusion: Even with the limitations of a retrospective study, the lack of a defined EARR pattern in the MIs at different chronological periods was larger in the experimental group, due to the sum of factors such as premolars extraction, prolonged orthodontic treatment, possible genetic characteristics, and root shape, without the influence of the sex and age.
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Association between Polymorphisms in the IL-1β, TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and IL-6 Genes and Orthodontic-Induced External Apical Root Resorption. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184166. [PMID: 34575287 PMCID: PMC8469359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic-induced external apical root resorption (EARR) is a severe condition affecting the roots of the teeth, whose genetic causes have been inconclusive to date. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IL-1β, TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and IL-6 genes on post-orthodontic EARR. A sample of 101 patients with clearly assessable orthopantomograms and lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and at the end of the orthodontic treatment was used to evaluate the presence of EARR. The association between genetic polymorphisms and EARR was assessed with the Chi2 test. A binary logistic multi-level model was built to evaluate the ability of patient- and tooth-level variables to predict EARR occurrence. The overall prevalence of EARR resulted to be around 40%. Within the limitations of this study, a significant association was found between EARR presence and the SNP for the IL-1β gene but not for the TNFRSF11B, CASP1, and the IL-6 genes. The final multi-level model demonstrated that the SNP for the IL-1β gene increases the odds of developing EARR by around four times. Since there is currently no accurate method to determine which patients will develop EARR prior to orthodontic treatment, further studies are needed to investigate the predictive ability of further genetic variants on EARR development.
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Cha C, Huang D, Kang Q, Yin M, Yan X. The effects of dehiscence and fenestration before orthodontic treatment on external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:814-824. [PMID: 34481683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dehiscence and fenestration on external apical root resorption (EARR) in maxillary incisors. METHODS Seventy-eight patients were selected for this study. We set dehiscence, fenestration, sex, extraction, or nonextraction, tooth position, initial age, and duration of treatment as independent variables and EARR as the dependent variable. General statistical descriptions for these variables were made by mean, standard deviation and occurrence rates, etc. To make the data visualization and find more information, 2 heat maps were made. Generalized estimation equation analysis was performed to determine associations between EARR and independent variables. RESULTS The occurrence rates of dehiscence and fenestration in maxillary incisors were 14.77% and 10.74%, respectively. The average value of EARR was 1.09 ± 0.87 mm in this study. Dehiscence, tooth position, extraction, initial age, and duration had significant correlations with EARR. The ratio of exponent B was 1:1.643 for dehiscence and nondehiscence, whereas fenestration and sex had no significant association with EARR. CONCLUSIONS The amount of EARR at maxillary incisors in patients with dehiscence before orthodontic treatment might be less than that in patients without it, and different incisors might have different contributions to it. However, the low value of exponent B for dehiscence meant that there might be other unknown factors that were involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qichao Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Manman Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiulin Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Genetic variation involved in the risk to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5613-5627. [PMID: 34392402 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review/meta-analysis to elucidate the scientific basis for the association between genetic variations and risk of external apical root resorption (EARR) in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS) were electronically searched until November 22, 2020, followed by manual and gray literature search. Case-control or cross-sectional studies that evaluated genes involved in the susceptibility of orthodontic patients to EARR were eligible. Two reviewers applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted qualitative data, as well as assessed methodological quality using instrument proposed for genetic studies. For synthesis results, narrative and quantitative data (meta-analysis) were performed. The certainty of the evidence was tested using the GRADE Working Group approach. RESULTS Of 201 articles in total, 16 studies were included in the review. Of these, 11 presented moderate and 5 of high methodological quality. In the narrative analysis, from 16 studies, 15 studies (10 genes) showed a significant association with EARR and 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only the polymorphism rs208294 in P2RX7 (dominant model) was associated with EARR (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.29-0.95, p = 0.03) and presented a very low certainty of the evidence. CONCLUSION Narrative analyses of individual studies demonstrated an association of many genes. The number of studies for each genetic variation was very low, and methodological heterogeneity between the studies was observed. Quantitative analyses (meta-analysis) could only show an involvement for P2RX7 (rs208294) in the risk of orthodontic patients to EARR at a very low certainty of evidence. (CRD42018085411). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The knowledge regarding the molecular aspects involved in the etiology of EARR will allow orthodontists to use a personalized treatment and early diagnosis of risk patients. This systematic review demonstrates that more studies are necessary to unravel the role of genetic variation for patients' risk to EARR during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Bayir F, Bolat Gumus E. External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment: Incidence, severity and risk factors. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:100-105. [PMID: 34386180 PMCID: PMC8346714 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of orthodontically induced inflammatory external apical root resorption (OIIEARR) and the relationship between OIIEARR and possible risk factors such as orthodontic treatment type, treatment duration, gender, and age of the patients. A further aim was to determine the prevalence of OIIEARR in different tooth groups. Methods. The study sample consisted of 1356 orthodontically treated patients (857 females and 498 males; mean age: 14.4±2.8 years). OIIEARR was evaluated using pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs for all the tooth groups. Teeth with severe resorption were also assessed. Patient- and treatment-related risk factors for OIIEARR were assessed statistically using Pearson’s chi-squared test, independent-samples t test, and one-way ANOVA. Results. The incidence of severe root resorption following orthodontic treatment was 14.8%. Males exhibited a higher incidence of root resorption compared to females. Orthodontic treatment duration and treatment with extractions were positively correlated with OIIEARR (P < 0.05). OIIEARR was observed most frequently in maxillary incisors, followed by mandibular incisors. Conclusion. Orthodontic treatment with extraction, prolonged treatment duration, and large movements of the incisors should especially be taken into consideration for OIIEARR risk. Routine radiographic follow-up during orthodontic treatment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Bayir
- Orthodontist; Private Practice, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esra Bolat Gumus
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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21
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Evaluation of apical root resorption occurrence in orthodontic patients treated with fixed braces depending on selected clinical parameters. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An aim of the work was analysis of the possible connections between the selected clinical parameters and external apical root resorption (EARR) in patients after orthodontic treatment.
The study comprised 101 persons, who underwent complex orthodontic treatment with the use of fixed braces (straight-arch technique).
The teeth chosen for measurement of resorption level were central and lateral incisors of mandible and maxilla, as well as maxillary first molars, which are the most susceptible to root resorption. The roots were measured on the basis of the dental radiographs taken before and at the end of treatment. The measurements were made on digital radiographs with the use of diagnostic software (Planmeca Romexis® Viewer), which allows the image filters ensure the highest precision when localizing roots end points. Proportional measurements of the chosen teeth were made with the use of Linge’s method and Linge’s method modified by Brezniak et al. For further analysis, the persons taking part in the study were divided into two groups depending on the presence of postorthodontic EARR or its lack, resulting from radiographic measurements: a control group comprising 61 patients without EARR (with 0.90 ≤ rRCR ≤ 1.00) and a study group including 40 patients with EARR (rRCR < 0.90). In statistical analysis there was used verification of statistical hypotheses based on the following tests: Pearson’s chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test.
On the basis of the made analyses and achieved results, it was found out that age, sex, type of skeletal malocclusion, increased overjet and overbite do not constitute risk factors for EARR occurrence. Excessive proclination of central and lateral incisors of mandible and maxilla predisposes to shortening the roots of these teeth during orthodontic treatment with fixed braces (p < 0.01).
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Al-Dboush R, Flores-Mir C, El-Bialy T. Impact of intraoral non-pharmacological non-surgical adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in humans: A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24:459-479. [PMID: 33567160 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current systematic review aimed to assess the impact of intraoral non-surgical non-pharmacological adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). SEARCH METHODS Search without restrictions was performed up to November 2020 in three electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective non-randomized studies. The ROB 2.0 tool was used to assess the quality of the included RCTs, and the ROBINS-I tool was applied to non-randomized clinical studies. The strength of evidence was ranked using GRADE. RESULTS Three hundred and sixteen records were initially retrieved. A total of 10 studies, with 236 patients, were finally considered. These studies assessed the effects of mechanical vibration (low-frequency and high-frequency), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photobiomodulation (light-emitting devices (LED). While the low-frequency vibration and LED do not seem to affect OIIRR, OIIRR has been reported to be reduced in high-frequency vibration, and LIPUS-treated teeth (differences may not likely be considered clinically relevant). The potential positive effect of LLLT on OIIRR is still debatable. Overall, the existing evidence suggests that the amount of OIIRR observed while using these interventions with traditional orthodontic treatment was not more than that was observed without it. CONCLUSIONS Based on a very low level of confidence, it seems that intraoral non-pharmacological non-surgical adjunctive interventions do not affect the amount of OIIRR either positively or negatively to a clinically relevant degree when compared to what is seen with conventional orthodontic treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra'ed Al-Dboush
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Al-Qawasmi R, Coe C. Genetic influence on the curves of occlusion in children seeking orthodontic treatment. Int Orthod 2021; 19:82-87. [PMID: 33516649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the proportion of variability in the Curve of Wilson (COW) and the Curve of Spee (COS) that is explained by genetic factors in siblings seeking orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 148 sibling patients were selected. The sample consisted of 79 females and 69 males with a mean age of 12 years 7 months. The COS was measured by creating a tangent line from the distobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molars and the highest incisal tip of the mandibular incisors. Measurements were taken from that tangent line to the deepest point on the premolars and canines. The COW was measured using the molar axis line to the perpendicular to WALA (Will Andrews Lawrence Andrews) points' axis line. RESULTS The results indicate that these occlusal curves are generally moderate to highly heritable. Heritability of COW-maxilla was 78.3%, heritability of COW-mandible was 43.2% and heritability of COS was 100% (P-value<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most of the developmental variability in the curves of occlusion comes from genetic differences, with very little contribution from environmental factors. Therefore, siblings tend to show similar occlusal curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Al-Qawasmi
- University of Detroit Mercy, Orthodontics Division, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Cory Coe
- Grand Rapids, Private Practice, Michigan, USA
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Nottmeier C, Decker MG, Luther J, von Kroge S, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Petersen J, Koehne T. Accelerated tooth movement in Rsk2-deficient mice with impaired cementum formation. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:35. [PMID: 33353934 PMCID: PMC7755898 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffin–Lowry–Syndrome (CLS) is a X-linked mental retardation characterized by skeletal dysplasia and premature tooth loss. We and others have previously demonstrated that the ribosomal S6 kinase RSK2, mutated in CLS, is essential for bone and cementum formation; however, it remains to be established whether RSK2 plays also a role in mechanically induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We, therefore, performed OTM in wild-type (WT) mice and Rsk2-deficient mice using Nitinol tension springs that were fixed between the upper left molars and the incisors. The untreated contralateral molars served as internal controls. After 12 days of OTM, the jaws were removed and examined by micro-computed tomography (µCT), decalcified histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our analysis of the untreated teeth confirmed that the periodontal phenotype of Rsk2-deficient mice is characterized by alveolar bone loss and hypoplasia of root cementum. Quantification of OTM using µCT revealed that OTM was more than two-fold faster in Rsk2-deficient mice as compared to WT. We also observed that OTM caused alveolar bone loss and root resorptions in WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. However, quantification of these orthodontic side effects revealed no differences between WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. Taken together, Rsk2 loss-of-function accelerates OTM in mice without causing more side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cita Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian G Decker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Petersen
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Behnaz M, Jazaeri M, Aghandeh P, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Genetic factors in determination of risk of external apical root resorption: A concise review. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kalra S, Gupta P, Tripathi T, Rai P. External apical root resorption in orthodontic patients: molecular and genetic basis. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3872-3882. [PMID: 33110782 PMCID: PMC7586589 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_802_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
External apical root resorption is one of the most deleterious complications after orthodontic treatment. Studies to explain the causal relationship between orthodontic tooth movement and external apical root resorption have been inconclusive till date. Individual variations in external apical root resorption sometimes overshadow the treatment related factors which indicate genetic predisposition and/or multifactorial etiology. Mechanism of root resorption is not completely understood. Inflammatory root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment is a part of process of elimination of hyaline zone. An imbalance between bone resorption and deposition may contribute to root resorption by the cementoclasts/osteoclasts. This narrative review article explains the molecular pathway involved in external apical root resorption and also role of various genes involved at different level. It also reviews the literature published during the past 20 years concerning the association studies linking EARR to genetic polymorphisms. This literature review provides an insight into genetic predisposition of external apical root resorption that can be used in orthodontic practice to enable 'high-risk' subjects to be identified on the basis of their genetic information before orthodontic treatment is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kalra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prateek Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Tripathi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyank Rai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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GWAS of Post-Orthodontic Aggressive External Apical Root Resorption Identified Multiple Putative Loci at X-Y Chromosomes. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040169. [PMID: 33066413 PMCID: PMC7712155 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized dental medicine requires from precise and customized genomic diagnostic. To conduct an association analysis over multiple putative loci and genes located at chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, X, and Y, potentially implicated in an extreme type of external apical root resorption secondary to orthodontic forces (aEARR). A genome-wide association study of aEARR was conducted with 480 patients [ratio~1:3 case/control]. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed using the high-throughput Axiom platform with the GeneTitan® MC Instrument. Up to 14,377 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected at candidate regions and clinical/diagnostic data were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the data along with a backward conditional binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals [p < 0.05]. To select the best SNP candidates, a logistic regression model was fitted assuming a log-additive genetic model using R software [p < 0.0001]. In this sample the top lead genetic variants associated with aEARR were two novel putative genes located in the X chromosome, specifically, STAG 2 gene, rs151184635 and RP1-30E17.2 gene, rs55839915. These variants were found to be associated with an increased risk of aEARR, particularly restricted to men [OR: 6.09; 95%CI: 2.6–14.23 and OR: 6.86; 95%CI: 2.65–17.81, respectively]. Marginal associations were found at previously studied variants such as SSP1: rs11730582 [OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.34–0.86; p = 0.008], P2RX7: rs1718119 [OR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.36–1.01; p = 0.047], and TNFRSF11A: rs8086340 [OR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.38–0.95; p = 0.024]), found solely in females. Multiple putative genetic variants located at chromosomes X and Y are potentially implicated in an extreme phenotype of aEARR. A gender-linked association was noted.
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Linkous ER, Trojan TM, Harris EF. External apical root resorption and vectors of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:700-709. [PMID: 32950335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External apical root resorption is nearly ubiquitous in people treated orthodontically. This study predicted the extent of external apical root resorption by the vector of the incisor movement. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 93 white American adolescents (45 boys, 48 girls) with a Class I malocclusion who received comprehensive orthodontics were analyzed. Half were treated with 4 first-premolar extractions, and the others were treated without extractions. An x, y, z coordinate system was registered on the maxillae, superimposing on foramina, to quantify vectors of maxillary incisor movements. Multiple linear regression identified significant predictors of resorption for each incisor. RESULTS Strongly predictive models (R2 = 77%-86%) were obtained. All directions of incisor movement tested (anteroposterior, mediolateral, craniocaudal, torquing) increased the risk of resorption in a dose-response fashion. Intrusion was most damaging. The patient's sex, age, and duration of treatment were not predictive. CONCLUSIONS Root resorption is a very frequent consequence of tooth movement, especially intrusion and torquing, though no direction is harmless, and most corrections occur in combination. Incisor apical resorption was significantly greater in the extraction sample (ca 0.5 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry M Trojan
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Edward F Harris
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn.
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Behnaz M, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Javaheri F, Omrani MD, Noroozi R, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. The rs1143634 of IL-1β gene is associated with external apical root resorption in Iranian population. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Schroder ÂGD, Ribeiro MGE, Santos ASD, Silva AIV, Manzi FR. Lower Incisor Root Resorption after Orthodontic Alignment and Leveling. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n5p494-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the external apical root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic alignment and leveling using digital periapical radiographs. The sample consisted of periapical radiographs of 90 lower central incisors from 45 patients, 19 men and 26 women aged 12-36 years (mean 22.7 years). All the 90 lower central incisors were performed periapical radiographs in two phases: 1 - initial before orthodontic treatment and 2 - after alignment and dental leveling phase. The initial periapical radiographs were digitized through a transparency scanner. All patients were treated by the same orthodontist, the inclusion criteria were: never having been treated orthodontically; absence of exodontia, agenesis, malformation or defect in teeth, supernumerary teeth, endodontic treatment and impacted incisors. The time interval between the initial and post-leveling radiographs was from 6 to 12 months, with an average time of 9 months. It was observed that 47.8% of the incisors evaluated presented external apical root resorption, being most grade 1 (irregular contour up to 1 mm reabsorption). There was a positive association of external root resorption with the triangular root shape. There was no association between the severity of root resorption and the type of malocclusion. An association was observed between age and resorption severity, that is, patients who have already reached bone maturation were more likely to develop apical external root resorption. Female patients were more likely, but when men developed external root resorption, it tended to be a more severe degree. Female adult patients, with a triangular root shape, anatomical apical pipette shape, regardless of malocclusion type are more likely to develop apical external root resorption in orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Radiography, Dental, Digital. Orthodontic. Root Resorption. Resumo Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a reabsorção radicular apical externa nos incisivos inferiores após alinhamento e nivelamento ortodôntico com radiografias periapicais digitais. A amostra consistiu de 90 radiografias periapicais de incisivos centrais inferiores de 45 pacientes, sendo 19 homens e 26 mulheres com idade entre 12 e 36 anos (média de 22,7 anos). As radiografias periapicais foram realizadas em dois momentos: 1 - inicial antes do tratamento ortodôntico e 2 - após fase de alinhamento e nivelamento dentário. Todas as radiografias foram digitalizadas através de um scanner de transparência. Todos os pacientes foram tratados pelo mesmo ortodontista e preenchiam os seguintes critérios de inclusão: não ter sido tratado ortodonticamente anteriormente; ausência de exodontia, agenesia, malformação ou defeito nos dentes, dentes supranumerários, tratamento endodôntico e incisivos impactados. O intervalo de tempo entre as radiografias inicial e pós-nivelamento foi de 6 a 12 meses, com tempo médio de 9 meses. Observou-se que 47,8% dos incisivos avaliados apresentaram reabsorção radicular apical externa, sendo a maioria de grau 1 (contorno irregular até reabsorção de 1 mm). Houve associação positiva da reabsorção radicular externa com a forma da raiz triangular. Não houve associação entre a gravidade da reabsorção radicular e o tipo de má oclusão. Observou-se associação entre idade e gravidade da reabsorção, ou seja, pacientes que já atingiram a maturação óssea apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver reabsorção radicular externa apical. Pacientes do sexo feminino foram mais frequentes, mas quando os homens desenvolveram reabsorção radicular externa, tenderam a ser mais graves. Um paciente adulto, do sexo feminino, com formato de raiz triangular, região apical na forma anatômica de pipeta, independentemente do tipo de má oclusão, tem maior probabilidade de desenvolver reabsorção radicular externa no tratamento ortodôntico. Palavras-chave: Radiografia Dentária Digital. Ortodontia. Reabsorção da Raiz.
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Pamukçu H, Polat-Özsoy Ö, Gülşahi A, Özemre MÖ. External apical root resorption after nonextraction orthodontic treatment with labial vs. lingual fixed appliances. J Orofac Orthop 2019; 81:41-51. [PMID: 31792608 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-019-00201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study is to compare external apical root resorption (EARR) after labial and lingual fixed orthodontic treatment, as detected with panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty subjects were divided into two groups according to the treatment type: lingual (30 patients) and labial (30 patients) fixed orthodontic treatment. Panoramic radiographs which were obtained at the beginning of treatment (T0) and at the end of the treatment (T1) were evaluated. The maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, as well as canine crown and root lengths were measured for T0 and T1. Crown to root ratios were used to determine EARR. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance and χ2 analysis. RESULTS In all, 5 patients (16.7%) in the lingual group and 7 patients (23.3%) in the labial group had a minimum of one tooth with severe EARR, while 9 patients (30%) in the lingual group and 14 patients (46.7%) in the labial group had no EARR. A total of 26 teeth (7.2%) in the lingual group and 34 teeth (9.4%) in the labial group developed severe EARR; however, 184 teeth (51.1%) in the lingual group and 202 teeth (56.1%) in the labial group did not reveal any EARR. No statistically significant difference was found for the resorption rates between the treatment groups (p > 0.05). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher percentage of severe EARR in the mandible within the labial group. CONCLUSIONS Both lingual and labial orthodontic techniques showed statistically similar root resorption rates. EARR is a multifactorial issue and individual predispositions must also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Pamukçu
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Başkent University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ömür Polat-Özsoy
- Private Practice and School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gülşahi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özgür Özemre
- School of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tomoyasu Y, Yamaguchi T, Tajima A, Inoue I, Maki K. External apical root resorption and the interleukin-1B gene polymorphism in the Japanese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tomoyasu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Koutaro Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
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Kariya G, Nariyasu T, Yamaguchi M, Nakajima R, Takano M, Yoshida T, Fujita S, Kasai K. ALP activity decreased in compressed PDL cells obtained from severe orthodontically root resorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genichiro Kariya
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takashi Nariyasu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakajima
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Machi Takano
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yoshida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Shouji Fujita
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Al-Qawasmi R, Parsons S, Wetherill L. Heritability of the pharyngeal airway volume and dimensions as assessed from siblings with overt malocclusions. Int Orthod 2019; 17:660-666. [PMID: 31466929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to airway volume and dimensions in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-five siblings from 57 families were selected. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken as part of the orthodontic records and the Dolphin3D © imaging software was used to determine airway volume and dimensions. SOLAR program was implemented to calculate heritability. RESULTS The heritability of the airway volume was negligible but increased significantly from 5% to 72% (95% confidence interval was 27% to 100%) when anterior-posterior (AP) dimension was controlled in the calculating model. CONCLUSION The capacity to maintain, rather than having proper AP dimension of the airway, seems to be the most critical mark of a proper airway volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Al-Qawasmi
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd Detroit, MI 48208, USA.
| | - Sade Parsons
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd Detroit, MI 48208, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Statistics, Applied Statistician II, 410W, 10th St, HS 4000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Bartzela TN, Mang de la Rosa MR, Wolf K, Schmidt A, Opitz C. Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1807-1819. [PMID: 31410675 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this retrospective longitudinal study were to present the incidence of external apical root resorption (EARR) in the maxillary anterior teeth of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) and to evaluate the influence of orthodontic treatment variables on the development of EARR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one patients with CUCLP participated in the study. Orthopantomograms (OPGs), taken before (T2) treatment with multiband orthodontic appliances (MBA), and periapical radiographs (PAs) of the maxillary anterior teeth taken at the end (T3) of orthodontic treatment (OT) were assessed for EARR. RESULTS The incidence of EARR at T3 (97.6%) was considerably higher than at T2 (51.2%). Central incisors and canines on the cleft side showed a significantly higher score (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively) of EARR in comparison to the same group of teeth on the non-cleft side. Preexisting EARR and abnormal root morphology were identified as predisposing factors for EARR. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CUCLP treated with MBA have higher incidence of EARR on the maxillary anterior teeth of the cleft side. Severe EARR is rather rare but more often seen on central incisors of the cleft side. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As most of the patients with cleft lip and palate undergo a challenging and long-term OT with MBA, it is of importance to identify the predisposing factors related to the special anatomical features of the bone and teeth located in the cleft area, as well as the special OT needs of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia N Bartzela
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC03 Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria R Mang de la Rosa
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC03 Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Charlotte Opitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC03 Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Berlin, Germany
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Boss H, Al-Qawasmi RA, Park JH, Kulbersh R. Heritability of teeth angulation and inclination in patients with overt malocclusion. Int Orthod 2019; 17:529-537. [PMID: 31279755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use 3-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained on patients before treatment with dental malocclusion to calculate the heritability estimates of full-tooth angulation and inclination. A heritability estimate is a number between zero and one indicating the percentage of genetic factors involved in determining the phenotypic variation observed. METHOD CBCT images of 111 patients (51 sibships) were analysed measuring both tooth angulation and inclination using the Anatomage Invivo5 software for central incisor to second molar. The long axis of each tooth was defined and traced as the cusp tip of the most mesiobuccal cusp to 6mm coronal to the apex of the mesiobuccal root. SPSS statistical software was used to analyse the data and calculate the heritability estimates for each tooth type in the maxilla and in the mandible regardless of the side. RESULTS Teeth inclination showed higher heritability estimates than tooth angulation. Furthermore, maxillary teeth showed higher heritability estimates than mandibular teeth and anterior teeth showed higher heritability than posterior teeth. CONCLUSION Genetic effect was more evident on tooth inclination than tooth angulation, on anterior teeth more than posterior teeth, and on maxillary teeth more than mandibular teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Boss
- A.T. Still University, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, Korea
| | | | - Jae Hyun Park
- A.T. Still University, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Mesa, AZ, Korea; University, Mesa, AZ, and International Scholar, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Borges de Castilhos B, Machado de Souza C, Simas Netta Fontana MLS, Pereira FA, Tanaka OM, Trevilatto PC. Association of clinical variables and polymorphisms in RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes with external apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:529-542. [PMID: 30935608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical variables and polymorphisms in the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes with external apical root resorption (EARR). METHODS The sample was composed of 338 unrelated patients of both sexes, average age 14.9 years (range 8-21) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, orthodontically treated. Periapical radiographs of the maxillary central incisor with the longer root (reference tooth) were taken before treatment and 6 months after starting treatment. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells with the use of 10 mol/L ammonium acetate and 1 mmol/L EDTA. The analysis of 42 polymorphisms in the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes was performed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to verify the association of clinical and genetic variables with EARR (P <0.05). RESULTS The initial root length and patient age were associated with EARR. Considering the study of polymorphisms of RANKL, no significant association was found of genetic polymorphisms with EARR. For RANK polymorphisms, only rs12455775 was associated with EARR. Regarding OPG polymorphisms, an association of rs3102724, rs2875845, rs1032128, and rs3102728 with EARR was found. After multivariate analysis, the initial root length, rapid maxillary expansion, and rs3102724 of the OPG gene were associated with EARR. CONCLUSIONS Longer roots of upper central incisors and rapid maxillary expansion, as well as allele A of the rs3102724 polymorphism of the OPG gene, were associated with EARR in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleber Machado de Souza
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Yildirim M, Akin M. Comparison of root resorption after bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with the use of microtomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:182-190. [PMID: 30712689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root resorption was compared between bone-borne and tooth tissue-borne rapid maxillary expansion patients with the use of microtomography. METHODS The study included 20 patients (ages 11-16 years) requiring fixed orthodontic treatment who underwent extraction of their first premolars after rapid maxillary expansion with the use of modified appliances. One side of the appliance covered the teeth with acrylic, while the other side was fixed to the palatal bone by means of a miniscrew. After 3 months' retention, the appliance was removed and teeth were extracted and examined with the use of microtomography. RESULTS When the apical, middle, and cervical thirds, as well as the buccal and lingual sides, were compared, the volume loss was significantly higher in the tooth tissue-borne group than in the bone-borne group (P <0.01). The least volume loss occurred on the cervical third lingual surface in the tooth tissue-borne group and on the middle third buccal surface in the bone-borne group. In the former group, least resorption occurred on the cervical third and highest resorption on the buccal side. In the latter group, surfaces showed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS More root resorption occurred in the tooth tissue-borne group, mostly in the apical and middle thirds. The amount of resorption on the buccal surface was higher than that on the lingual surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucahid Yildirim
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Akin
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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Antagonistic effect of IL1 variants in periodontitis and external apical root resorption: Evidence from a literature review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nowrin SA, Jaafar S, Ab Rahman N, Basri R, Alam MK, Shahid F. Association between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:395-404. [PMID: 30450332 PMCID: PMC6234115 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.6.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To date, only a few studies have investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption (EARR). Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between different gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. Methods A complete literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers. The PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all textbooks and relevant articles were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data entered into the electronic databases until February 28, 2017. Results On the basis of the search, we identified 17 and 7 publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the interleukin 1B (+3954) polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The overall OR from the studies was used to estimate the risk of EARR. However, no association was found and no publication bias was apparent for the risk of EARR in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Conclusions More research on the relationship between gene polymorphism and EARR is necessary to determine better specificity of possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifat A Nowrin
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saidi Jaafar
- Craniofacial Biology Research Group, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norma Ab Rahman
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rehana Basri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fazal Shahid
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Faxén Sepanian V, Sonnesen L. Incisor root resorption in class II division 2 patients in relation to orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 2018; 40:337-342. [PMID: 29161376 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives The aims were 1. to analyse differences in the occurrence of orthodontic induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of the upper and lower incisors in Angle Class II division 2 patients, between patients treated with fixed appliance only (one-phase treatment group) and patients treated with removable appliance before treatment with fixed appliance (two-phase treatment group) and 2. to analyse differences in OIIRR between treatment time, age, gender, craniofacial morphology and deviations in the dentition for the two groups together. Materials/Methods Seventy-four subjects treated for Class II division 2 malocclusion were divided into two groups: 46 patients in the one-phase treatment group (28 girls, 18 boys, mean age 14.4) and 28 patients in the two-phase treatment group (18 girls, 10 boys, mean age 12.4) where 336 and 201 incisors were analysed respectively. OIIRR was assessed on intra oral radiographs, deviations of the dentition were assessed on orthopantomograms and the craniofacial morphology was assessed on lateral cephalograms. Differences were tested by Fisher Exact test, McNemar, and multiple regression analysis. Results The one-phase treatment group showed significantly more OIIRR for lower central incisors (P = 0.002) compared to the two-phase treatment group. For the both groups combined, boys showed more OIIRR than girls (P = 0.002) and patients with agenesis showed more OIIRR than patients without agenesis (P = 0.019) for the lower central incisors. Conclusion The results indicate that two-phase treatment modalities may be considered as an option for Angle Class II division 2 patients with enhanced risk for OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varro Faxén Sepanian
- Section for Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section for Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pastro JDV, Nogueira ACA, Salvatore de Freitas KM, Valarelli FP, Cançado RH, de Oliveira RCG, de Oliveira RCG. Factors Associated to Apical Root Resorption after Orthodontic Treatment. Open Dent J 2018; 12:331-339. [PMID: 29875885 PMCID: PMC5958300 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the possible factors associated to root resorption, common to daily clinical orthodontics, especially parafunctional habits. Methods: A retrospective study of 600 patients (308 females and 292 males) previously treated orthodontically was conducted. The sample was divided into two groups related to the degree of root resorption at the ending of treatment according to Malmgren. Group 1 comprised 507 patients with a mean initial age of 14.21 years and who had absent or mild final external root resorption, characterized by grades 0, 1 and 2 of root resorption; Group 2 comprised 93 patients with initial mean age of 14.57 years and who had moderate or severe root resorption, characterized by grade 3 and 4. The groups were then compared in terms of age at the beginning and ending of the treatment, treatment time, gender, type of treatment (with and without extractions), parafunctional habits (bruxism, onychophagia, the habit of biting objects, tongue thrusting habit and thumb sucking habit), allergies and pretreatment root resorption. Results: The results show that the initial age, gender, type of malocclusion, parafunctional habits and allergies do not represent a statistically significant risk of root resorption. Conclusion: Treatment time and type (with and without extractions) and the presence of external root resorption at the beginning of the treatment showed significant differences.
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Chan E, Dalci O, Petocz P, Papadopoulou AK, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 26. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption: A microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:204-213. [PMID: 29407497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have demonstrated the potential efficacy of micro-osteoperforations in accelerating tooth movement by amplifying the expression of inflammatory markers. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption with microcomputed tomography. METHODS This prospective controlled clinical trial involved 20 subjects requiring extraction of the maxillary first premolars as part of their orthodontic treatment. A buccal tipping force of 150 g was applied to both premolars. Using the Propel appliance (Propel Orthodontics, San Jose, Calif), micro-osteoperforations were applied at a depth of 5 mm on the mesial and distal aspects in the midroot region of the experimental side of the first premolar root; the contralateral side served as the control. After 28 days, both premolars were extracted. The teeth were scanned under microcomputed tomography, and the volumes of root resorption craters were calculated and compared. RESULTS Premolars treated with micro-osteoperforation exhibited significantly greater average total amounts of root resorption than did the control teeth (0.576 vs 0.406 mm3). The total average volumetric root loss of premolars treated with micro-osteoperforation was 42% greater than that of the control teeth. CONCLUSIONS This 28-day trial showed that micro-osteoperforations resulted in greater orthodontic root resorption. However, these results should be verified in patients who are undergoing full-length orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chan
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Oyku Dalci
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Papadopoulou
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
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Wishney M. Potential risks of orthodontic therapy: a critical review and conceptual framework. Aust Dent J 2017; 62 Suppl 1:86-96. [PMID: 27868202 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review examines some of the potential risks of orthodontic therapy along with their evidence base. The risks of orthodontic treatment include periodontal damage, pain, root resorption, tooth devitalization, temporomandibular disorder, caries, speech problems and enamel damage. These risks can be understood to arise from a synergy between treatment and patient factors. In general terms, treatment factors that can influence risk include appliance type, force vectors and duration of treatment whilst relevant patient factors are both biological and behavioural. Hence, the natural variation between orthodontic treatment plans and patients gives rise to variations in risk. A good understanding of these risks is required for clinicians to obtain informed consent before starting treatment as well as to reduce the potential for harm during treatment. After considering each of these risks, a conceptual framework is presented to help clinicians better understand how orthodontic risks arise and may therefore be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wishney
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Dental Hospital, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Sydney, Australia
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Jiang F, Chen J, Kula K, Gu H, Du Y, Eckert G. Root resorptions associated with canine retraction treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:348-354. [PMID: 28863915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothesis of this study was that multiple factors are dominant in causing external apical root resorption (EARR). The objective of this investigation was to better understand the clinical factors that may lead to EARR. METHODS Maxillary cone-beam computed tomography scans of 18 subjects who were treated with bilateral canine retractions during orthodontics were used to calculate EARR. The subjects were treated using well-calibrated segmental T-loops for delivering a 124-cN retraction force and the moment-to-force ratio suitable for moving the canine under either translation or controlled tipping. The subjects' age, sex, treatment duration, and genotype were collected. RESULTS Six subjects of the 18 showed definite EARR, meaning that load was not the only causing factor. All 5 subjects with the genotype identified had GG genotype of IL-1β rs11143634, indicating that people with this genotype may be at high risk. Longer treatment duration, female sex, and older age may also contribute to EARR, although the findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS EARR appears to be related to multiple factors. The orthodontic load and the genotype should be the focuses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Katherine Kula
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - George Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
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Consolaro A, Bianco DDA. Tooth resorptions are not hereditary. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 22:22-27. [PMID: 28902245 PMCID: PMC5573006 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.4.022-027.oin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Root resorptions caused by orthodontic movement are not supported by consistent scientific evidence that correlate them with heredity, individual predisposition and genetic or familial susceptibility. Current studies are undermined by methodological and interpretative errors, especially regarding the diagnosis and measurements of root resorption from orthopantomographs and cephalograms. Samples are heterogeneous insofar as they comprise different clinical operators, varied types of planning, and in insufficient number, in view of the prevalence of tooth resorptions in the population. Nearly all biological events are coded and managed through genes, but this does not mean tooth resorptions are inherited, which can be demonstrated in heredograms and other methods of family studies. In orthodontic root resorption, one cannot possibly determine percentages of how much would be due to heredity or genetics, environmental factors and unknown factors. There is no need to lay the blame of tooth resorptions on events taking place outside the orthodontic realm since in the vast majority of cases, resorptions are not iatrogenic. In orthodontic practice, when all teeth are analyzed and planned using periapical radiography or computerized tomography, and when considering all predictive factors, tooth resorptions are not iatrogenic in nature and should be considered as one of the clinical events inherent in the treatment applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Consolaro
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (Bauru/SP, Brazil). Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil)
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Ahlbrecht CA, Ruellas ACDO, Paniagua B, Schilling JA, McNamara JA, Cevidanes LHS. Three-dimensional characterization of root morphology for maxillary incisors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178728. [PMID: 28594852 PMCID: PMC5464764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility of three-dimensional (3D) surface models of maxillary incisors and to propose a characterization of root morphology. The sample was comprised of pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of fifty-five patients. The CBCTs were used to construct 3D surface models of the maxillary incisors. The reproducibility of surface models was tested by repeated construction of them by two observers. A 3D surface model that corresponded to the average of all lateral and all central incisors was generated. 3D surface distances and vector differences were calculated for each individual tooth and the average of the teeth considered. The corresponding points on the 3D surface mesh for each subgroup were compared statistically to those of the neutral subgroup using shape analysis MANCOVA and Hotelling's t-statistic (p < 0.05). Repeated construction of surface models demonstrated adequate inter-rater reproducibility. The distribution of 3D models into root morphology subgroups was: blunt (11% and 26% of the central and lateral incisors, respectively), conical (15% of the central incisors), long (27% and 20% of the central and lateral incisors, respectively), and short (15% and 4% of the central and lateral incisors, respectively). Compared to the neutral average, statistically significant differences in root morphology were found for blunt, long, conical, and short central incisors and for blunt, long, and short lateral incisors. We can conclude that 3D surface models construction for upper incisors is reproducible. 3D shape analysis using CBCT images allows a phenotypic characterization of incisor root morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Ahlbrecht
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paniagua
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juan A. Schilling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James A. McNamara
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucia Helena Soares Cevidanes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Gay G, Ravera S, Castroflorio T, Garino F, Rossini G, Parrini S, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Root resorption during orthodontic treatment with Invisalign®: a radiometric study. Prog Orthod 2017; 18:12. [PMID: 28503724 PMCID: PMC5430001 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-017-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root resorption (RR) is described as a permanent loss of tooth structure from the root apex. Many reports in the literature indicate that orthodontically treated patients are more likely to have severe apical root shortening, interesting mostly maxillary, followed by mandibular incisors. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and severity of RR in adult patients treated with aligners. The study group consisted of 71 class I adult healthy patients (mean age 32.8 ± 12.7) treated with aligners (Invisalign®, Align Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). All incisors, canines, upper first premolars, and first molars were assessed. Root and crown lengths of 1083 teeth were measured in panoramic radiographs at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T1) of clear aligner therapy. Individual root-crown ratio (RCR) of each tooth and therefore the relative changes of RCR (rRCR) were determined. A decrease of rRCR was assessed as a reduction of the root length during treatment. Results All patients had a minimum of one teeth affected with a reduction of root length, on average 6.38 ± 2.28 teeth per patient. Forty one, 81% of the 1083, measured teeth presented a reduction of the pre-treatment root length. A reduction in percentage of >0% up to 10% was found in 25.94% (n = 281), a distinct reduction of >10% up to 20% in 12.18% (n = 132) of the sample. 3.69% (n = 40) of the teeth were affected with a considerable reduction (>20%). Conclusions Orthodontic treatment with Invisalign® aligners could lead to RR. However, its incidence resulted to be very similar to that described for orthodontic light forces, with an average percentage of RR < 10% of the original root length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gay
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Ravera
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Garino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Parrini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cugliari
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Deregibus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Nieto-Nieto N, Solano JE, Yañez-Vico R. External apical root resorption concurrent with orthodontic forces: the genetic influence. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:280-287. [PMID: 28358285 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1294260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Root resorption is a pathological process of multifactorial origin related to the permanent loss of dental root structure in response to a mechanical, inflammatory, autoimmune or infectious stimulus. External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent clinical complication secondary to orthodontic tooth movement; apart from variables related to treatment, environmental factors and/or interindividual genetic variations can confer susceptibility or resistance to its occurrence. In this context, genetic predisposition has been described as an etiological factor, together with mechanical factors derived from orthodontic treatment. In recent years, international research groups have determined the degree of influence of some genetic biomarkers in defining increased/reduced susceptibility to postorthodontic EARR. The influences of the IL1 gene cluster (IL1B, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6), P2RX7, CASP1, OPG (TNFRSF11B), RANK (TNFRSF11A), Osteopontin (OPN), TNFα, the vitamin D receptor (TaqI), TNSALP and IRAK1 have been analyzed. The objective of the present review study was to compile and analyze the latest information about the genetic background predisposing to EARR during orthodontic treatment. Genetics-based studies along with other basic science research in the field might help to clarify the exact nature of EARR, the influence of genetic inheritance and possibly lead to the prevention or even eradication of this phenomenon during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Nieto-Nieto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Enrique Solano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez-Vico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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