1
|
Pramanik S, Sil AK. Cigarette smoke extract induces foam cell formation by impairing machinery involved in lipid droplet degradation. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:59-74. [PMID: 37910205 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of foam cells, lipid-loaded macrophages, is the hallmark event of atherosclerosis. Since cigarette smoking is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis, the current study investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on different events like expressions of genes involved in lipid influx and efflux, lipophagy, etc., that play vital roles in foam cell formation. The accumulation of lipids after CSE treatment U937 macrophage cells was examined by staining lipids with specific dyes: Oil red O and BODIPY493/503. Results showed an accumulation of lipids in CSE-treated cells, confirming foam cell formation by CSE treatment. To decipher the mechanism, the levels of CD36, an ox-LDL receptor, and ABCA1, an exporter of lipids, were examined in CSE-treated and -untreated U937 cells by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Consistent with lipid accumulation, an increased level of CD36 and a reduction in ABCA1 were observed in CSE-treated cells. Moreover, CSE treatment caused inhibition of lipophagy-mediated lipid degradation by blocking lipid droplets (LDs)-lysosome fusion and increasing the lysosomal pH. CSE also impaired mitochondrial lipid oxidation. Thus, the present study demonstrates that CSE treatment affects lipid homeostasis by altering its influx and efflux, lysosomal degradation, and mitochondrial utilization, leading to the formation of lipid-loaded foam cells. Moreover, the current study also showed that the leucine supplement caused a significant reduction of CSE-induced foam cell formation in vitro. Thus, the current study provides insight into CS-induced atherosclerosis and an agent to combat the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudipta Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, PIN-700019
| | - Alok Kumar Sil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, PIN-700019.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
HDL Functions-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010105. [PMID: 36671490 PMCID: PMC9855960 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. A low HDL-C is associated with the development of CVD. However, recent epidemiology studies have shown U-shaped curves between HDL-C and CVD mortality, with paradoxically increased CVD mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. Furthermore, HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors mostly failed to reduce CVD events. Based on this background, HDL functions rather than HDL-C could be a novel biomarker; research on the clinical utility of HDL functionality is ongoing. In this review, we summarize the current status of HDL functions and their future perspectives from the findings of basic research and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudrapal M, Maji S, Prajapati SK, Kesharwani P, Deb PK, Khan J, Mohamed Ismail R, Kankate RS, Sahoo RK, Khairnar SJ, Bendale AR. Protective Effects of Diets Rich in Polyphenols in Cigarette Smoke (CS)-Induced Oxidative Damages and Associated Health Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1217. [PMID: 35883708 PMCID: PMC9311530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been responsible for causing many life-threatening diseases such as pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung cancer. One of the prominent health implications of cigarette smoking is the oxidative damage of cellular constituents, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. The oxidative damage is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, oxidants) present in the aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CS). In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the potential health benefits of dietary polyphenols as natural antioxidant molecules. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that long-term consumption of diets (fruits, vegetables, tea, and coffee) rich in polyphenols offer protective effects against the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, green tea has chemopreventive effects against CI-induced lung cancer. Tea might prevent CS-induced oxidative damages in diseases because tea polyphenols, such as catechin, EGCG, etc., have strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, apple polyphenols, including catechin and quercetin, provide protection against CS-induced acute lung injury such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In CS-induced health problems, the antioxidant action is often accompanied by the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols. In this narrative review, the CS-induced oxidative damages and the associated health implications/pathological conditions (or diseases) and the role of diets rich in polyphenols and/or dietary polyphenolic compounds against various serious/chronic conditions of human health have been delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune 411019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhartha Maji
- RamEesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (S.K.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Shiv Kumar Prajapati
- RamEesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (S.K.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Payal Kesharwani
- RamEesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (S.K.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rani S. Kankate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Shubham J. Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Atul R. Bendale
- Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik 422213, Maharashtra, India;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hafiane A, Favari E, Daskalopoulou SS, Vuilleumier N, Frias MA. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity and cardiovascular risk in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. Metabolism 2020; 104:154141. [PMID: 31923386 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional assessment of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an emerging tool for evaluating morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). By promoting macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), HDL-mediated CEC is believed to play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion progression in the vessel wall. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the typical inverse associations between various forms of CEC and CV events may be strongly modulated by environmental systemic factors and traditional CV risk factors, in addition to autoimmune diseases. These factors influence the complex and dynamic composition of HDL particles, which in turn positively or negatively affect HDL-CEC. Herein, we review recent findings connecting HDL-CEC to traditional CV risk factors and cardiometabolic conditions (non-autoimmune diseases) as well as autoimmune diseases, with a specific focus on how these factors may influence the associations between HDL-CEC and CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E01. 3370H, Montréal, Qc H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, EM1.2230, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nicholls SJ, Nelson AJ. HDL and cardiovascular disease. Pathology 2019; 51:142-147. [PMID: 30612759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has received increasing interest due to observations of an inverse relationship between its systemic levels and cardiovascular risk and targeted interventions in animal models that have had favourable effects on atherosclerotic plaque. In addition to its pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL has been reported to possess a range of functional properties, which may exert a protective influence on inflammation, oxidation, angiogenesis and glucose homeostasis. This has led to the development of a range of HDL targeted therapeutics, which have undergone evaluation in clinical trials. The current state of HDL in cardiovascular prevention will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Monash University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Adam J Nelson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaid M, Miura K, Okayama A, Nakagawa H, Sakata K, Saitoh S, Okuda N, Yoshita K, Choudhury SR, Rodriguez B, Masaki K, Willcox B, Miyagawa N, Okamura T, Chan Q, Elliott P, Stamler J, Ueshima H. Associations of High-Density Lipoprotein Particle and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Alcohol Intake, Smoking, and Body Mass Index - The INTERLIPID Study. Circ J 2018; 82:2557-2565. [PMID: 30135319 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) have been found to be more strongly inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk than their counterpart, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Given that lifestyle is among the first targets in CAD prevention, we compared the associations of HDL-P and HDL-C with selected lifestyle factors. Methods and Results: We examined 789 Japanese participants of the INTERLIPID Study: men (n=386) and women (n=403) aged 40-59 years in 1996-1998. Participants treated for dyslipidemias were excluded. Lifestyle factors included alcohol intake, smoking amount, and body mass index (BMI). Multivariable linear regression was used for cross-sectional analyses of these factors with HDL-P, HDL-C, HDL-P size subclasses (small, medium and large) and mean HDL-P size. In men, higher alcohol intake was associated with higher HDL-P and higher HDL-C. The associations of alcohol, however, were strongest with HDL-P. A higher smoking amount tended to be associated with lower HDL-P and HDL-C. In contrast, BMI was not associated with HDL-P, but was strongly inversely associated with HDL-C. While alcohol intake favored larger mean HDL-P size, smoking and BMI favored a lipid profile with smaller HDL-P subclasses and overall smaller mean HDL-P size. Similar, but generally weaker results were observed in women. CONCLUSIONS Although both HDL-P and HDL-C are parameters of HDL, they have different associations with alcohol, smoking and BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaid
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | | | | | - Beatriz Rodriguez
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Kuakini Medical Center
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Kuakini Medical Center
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Kuakini Medical Center
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Queenie Chan
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Charles-Schoeman C, Yin Lee Y, Shahbazian A, Wang X, Elashoff D, Curtis JR, Navarro-Millán I, Yang S, Chen L, Cofield SS, Moreland LW, Paulus H, O'Dell J, Bathon J, Louis Bridges S, Reddy ST. Improvement of High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Methotrexate Monotherapy or Combination Therapies in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:46-57. [PMID: 27483410 DOI: 10.1002/art.39833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been implicated as a potential mechanism for the increased incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in HDL function and HDL-associated proteins over 2 years of follow-up in patients with early RA receiving either methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, MTX + etanercept (ETN) combination therapy, or MTX + sulfasalazine (SSZ) + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) triple therapy in the Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis (TEAR) trial. METHODS The antioxidant capacity of HDL, paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity, and levels of HDL-associated haptoglobin (Hp), HDL-associated apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in 550 TEAR participants at 4 time points (time 0 [pretreatment] and at 24, 48, and 102 weeks of treatment). Repeated-measures analysis using mixed-effects linear models with an autoregressive covariate structure was performed to model the within-subject covariance over time. RESULTS Mixed-effects models, which were controlled for traditional CV risk factors, treatment regimen, prednisone use, and statin use, demonstrated significant associations between RA disease activity, measured using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein level, and the profile of HDL function over time. Specifically, decreases in RA disease activity over time were associated with increases in PON-1 activity and levels of HDL-associated Apo A-I, and decreases in the HDL inflammatory index and levels of MPO and HDL-associated Hp. CONCLUSION Reduced disease activity in patients with early RA treated with MTX monotherapy, MTX + ETN combination therapy, or MTX + SSZ + HCQ triple therapy in the TEAR trial was associated with improvements in the HDL function profile. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate abnormal HDL function as a potential mechanism and therapeutic target for CV risk in patients with RA.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelesidis T, Oda MN, Borja MS, Yee Y, Ng KF, Huynh D, Elashoff D, Currier JS. Predictors of Impaired HDL Function in HIV-1 Infected Compared to Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:354-363. [PMID: 28346318 PMCID: PMC5472482 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than absolute level may be a more accurate indicator for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Novel methods can measure HDL function using patient samples. The objective of this study is to identify factors that may contribute to HDL dysfunction in chronic treated HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Retrospective study of HDL function measured in 2 ways in HIV-1-infected men with low overall CVD risk and healthy men with no known CVD risk matched by race to the HIV-1-infected participants. METHODS We examined patient-level factors associated with 2 different measures of HDL dysfunction: reduced antioxidant function (oxidized HDL, HDLox) and reduced HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE), a measure of HDL remodeling, in the HIV infected and control men. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used adjusting for false discovery rate, age, race, body mass index (BMI), CD4 count, viremia, CVD risk, smoking, lipids, apoA-I, and albumin. RESULTS In multivariate analysis among HIV-1-infected men (n = 166) (median age 45 years, CD4 T-cell count 505 cells/mm, 30.1% were viremic), higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and lower albumin were among the most notable correlates of higher HDLox and lower HAE (P < 0.05). In HIV-1 uninfected participants, lower albumin and higher BMI were associated with lower HAE and higher HDLox, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). HDLox was inversely related to HAE in HIV-1-infected individuals (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased HDLox correlates with reduced HAE in chronic HIV-1 infection. Higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and albumin were identified as factors associated with HDL dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection using 2 independent methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael N. Oda
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Mark S. Borja
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Yumin Yee
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kit F. Ng
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Diana Huynh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California - Los Angeles
| | | | - Judith S. Currier
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California - Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ozan E, Sonmez MF, Ozan S, Colakoglu N, Yilmaz S, Kuloglu T. Effects of melatonin and vitamin C on cigarette smoke–induced damage in the kidney. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:479-85. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233708089023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate smoke-induced structural and biochemical changes and protective effects of co-administered melatonin and vitamin C in the kidney. Twenty-four Wistar adult female rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group rats were used as control. The second group of rats inhaled cigarette smoke. Smile smoke inhaling third and fourth group rats received melatonin and vitamin C, respectively. At the end of experimental study, kidney tissues and blood samples were taken under ether anesthesia. Tissues were prepared and examined by light microscopy. Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels and catalase activity were determined. By light microscopic observation, a decrease of Bowman space of some renal corpuscles, foamy-like tubules, dilatation and congestion of the peritubuler vessels, and atrophy of the some renal corpuscles were observed in group II. In groups III and IV melatonin and vitamin C relatively protected the kidney tissue against smoke intoxication. Biochemical examination showed that malondialdehyde and glutathione levels and catalase activity in group II were higher than in group I. Melatonin and vitamin C injection to group III and IV caused a decrease in malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Catalase activity did not change in these groups. We have shown that cigarette smoke inhalation caused structural changes in the kidney. However, melatonin and vitamin C administration produced in some degree protection against smoke-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ozan
- Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - MF Sonmez
- Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - S Ozan
- Veterinary Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - N Colakoglu
- Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - T Kuloglu
- Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paraoxsonase2 (PON2) and oxidative stress involvement in pomegranate juice protection against cigarette smoke-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:394-400. [PMID: 27163848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) promotes various stages of atherosclerosis development. Macrophages are the predominant cells in early atherogenesis, and the polyphenolic-rich pomegranate juice (PJ) is known for its protective role against macrophage atherogenicity. The aim of the current study was to examine the atherogenic effects of CS on macrophages, and to evaluate the protective effects of PJ against CS-induced macrophage atherogenicity. Murine J774A.1 macrophages were treated with CS-exposed medium in the absence or presence of PJ. Parameters of lipid peroxidation in CS-exposed medium were measured by the lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Atherogenicity of macrophages incubated with increasing concentrations of CS-exposed medium was assessed by cytotoxicity, oxidative stress determined by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA, activity of the cellular anti-oxidant paraoxonase2 (PON2), macrophage accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as through high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux from the cells. CS exposure resulted in significant and dose-dependent increases in lipid peroxides and TBARS medium levels (up to 3 and 8-fold, respectively). Incubation of macrophages with CS-exposed medium resulted in dose-dependent increases in macrophage damage/injury (up to 6-fold), intracellular ROS levels (up to 31%), PON2 activity (up to 2-fold), and macrophage cholesterol content (up to 24%). The latter might be explained by reduced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from CS-exposed macrophages (by 21%). PJ protected macrophages from CS-induced increases in intracellular ROS levels and cholesterol accumulation, as well as the attenuated efflux of cholesterol. These data indicate that CS stimulates macrophage oxidation and activates PON2 as a possible compensatory response to the oxidative burden. CS impairs HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages leading to cellular accumulation of cholesterol. The atherogenic and oxidative effects of CS are attenuated by PJ, a polyphenolic-rich anti-oxidant.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramanathan G, Araujo JA, Gornbein J, Yin F, Middlekauff HR. Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-dependent adverse effects on paraoxonase activity and fibrinogen in young women. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:861-5. [PMID: 25472476 PMCID: PMC4266070 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.965559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Smoking is associated with increased fibrinogen and decreased paraoxonase (PON) activity, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, in patients with coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the adverse effect of smoking on these biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress would be detectable in otherwise healthy young female habitual smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight young women participated in the study (n = 20 habitual smokers, n = 18 non-smokers). Fibrinogen, PON-1 activity and HDL oxidant index (HOI) were measured. RESULTS Mean values of fibrinogen, PON-1 activity and log HOI were not different between the groups. Importantly, however, decreased PON-1 activity (rs = -0.51, p = 0.03) and increased fibrinogen (rs = 0.49, p = 0.04) were significantly correlated with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day in habitual smokers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-dependent adverse effect on PON-1 activity and fibrinogen in young women, which may have implications for future cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, A2-237 CHS, 650 Charles Young Drive South , Los Angeles, CA , USA , and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The main lifestyle interventions to modify serum HDL cholesterol include physical exercise, weight loss with either caloric restriction or specific dietary approaches, and smoking cessation. Moderate alcohol consumption can be permitted in some cases. However, as these interventions exert multiple effects, it is often difficult to discern which is responsible for improvement in HDL outcomes. It is particularly noteworthy that recent data questions the use of HDL cholesterol as a risk factor and therapeutic target since randomised interventions and Mendelian randomisation studies failed to provide evidence for such an approach. Therefore, these current data should be considered when reading and interpreting this review. Further studies are needed to document the effect of lifestyle changes on HDL structure-function and health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bounafaa A, Berrougui H, Ikhlef S, Essamadi A, Nasser B, Bennis A, Yamoul N, Ghalim N, Khalil A. Alteration of HDL functionality and PON1 activities in acute coronary syndrome patients. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:318-25. [PMID: 25218815 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The functionality of HDL has been suggested as an important factor in the prevention of cardiovascular and coronary artery diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the functionality of HDL and the factors that may affect the anti-atherogenic properties of HDL in ACS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred healthy subjects and 205 ACS patients were recruited. HDL functionality was evaluated by measuring their capacity to mediate cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages. Oxidative stress status was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and vitamin E levels by HPLC. The PON1 Q192R polymorphism status and PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of the healthy subjects and ACS patients were also determined. The HDL of ACS patients displayed a limited capacity to mediate cholesterol efflux, especially via the ABCA1-pathway. MDA (7.06±0.29 μM) and protein carbonyl (9.29±0.26 μM) levels were significantly higher in ACS patients than in healthy subjects (2.29±0.21 μM and 3.07±0.17 μM, respectively, p<0.0001), while α- and γ-tocopherol (vitamin E) levels in ACS patients were 8-fold (p<0.001) and 2-fold (p<0.05) lower than in healthy subjects. Paraoxonase, arylesterase and HDL-corrected PON1 activities (PON1 activity/HDL ratio) were significantly lower in ACS patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that high PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities had a significant protective effect (OR=0.413, CI 0.289-0.590, p<0.001; OR=0.232 CI 0.107-0.499, p<0.001, respectively) even when adjusted for HDL level, age, BMI, and PON1 polymorphism. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that the functionality of HDL is impaired in ACS patients and that the impairment may be due to oxidative stress and an alteration of PON1 activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Bounafaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Hassan I University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Settat, Morocco; Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco; Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco; Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Souade Ikhlef
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Hassan I University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Settat, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Hassan I University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Settat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Bennis
- Cardiology Service, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najoua Yamoul
- Cardiology Service, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Noreddine Ghalim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah AS, Dabelea D, Talton JW, Urbina EM, D'Agostino RB, Wadwa RP, Marcovina S, Hamman RF, Daniels SR, Dolan LM. Smoking and arterial stiffness in youth with type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH Cardiovascular Disease Study. J Pediatr 2014; 165:110-6. [PMID: 24681182 PMCID: PMC4074551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of smoking on early markers of cardiovascular disease (arterial stiffness) in adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the SEARCH Cardiovascular Disease Study. STUDY DESIGN Participants included 606 youth (18.9 ± 3.3 years, 83% non-Hispanic white; 50% male). Six groups were defined: (1) smokers with T1D (n = 80); (2) former smokers with T1D (n = 88); (3) nonsmokers with T1D (n = 232); (4) smokers without T1D (n = 40); (5) former smokers without T1D former (n = 51); and (6) nonsmokers without T1D (n = 115). Arterial stiffness measurements included pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index, and brachial distensibility. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the independent and joint effects of T1D and smoking on arterial stiffness. RESULTS Nearly 20% of both youth with and without T1D and T1D were smokers. In youth without T1D, smokers had higher trunk and arm PWV. After adjustment for potential confounders, T1D, but not smoking, was an independent predictor of PWV (P < .05). Moreover, smoking status did not modify the association between T1D and increased arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS We found a high prevalence of smoking among youth with and without T1D; however, smoking status was not independently associated with increased arterial stiffness in youth with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA 80045
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA 27157
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital & University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH USA 45229
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA 27157
| | - R Paul Wadwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA 80045
| | - Santica Marcovina
- Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA 98195
| | - Richard F Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA 80045
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA 80045
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital & University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH USA 45229
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He BM, Zhao SP, Peng ZY. Effects of cigarette smoking on HDL quantity and function: implications for atherosclerosis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2431-6. [PMID: 23852759 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been identified as an independent and preventable risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Population studies have shown that plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are inversely related to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Cigarette smoking can alter the critical enzymes of lipid transport, lowering lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and altering cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase activity, which attributes to its impact on HDL metabolism and HDL subfractions distribution. In addition, HDL is susceptible to oxidative modifications by cigarette smoking, which makes HDL become dysfunctional and lose its atheroprotective properties in smokers. Therefore, cigarette smoking has a negative impact on both HDL quantity and function, which can explain, in part, the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-mei He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R., China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takata K, Imaizumi S, Kawachi E, Suematsu Y, Shimizu T, Abe S, Matsuo Y, Tsukahara H, Noda K, Yahiro E, Zhang B, Uehara Y, Miura SI, Saku K. Impact of Cigarette Smoking Cessation on High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality. Circ J 2014; 78:2955-62. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | - Emi Kawachi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Satomi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshino Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | - Keita Noda
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Eiji Yahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) are small, dense, protein-rich particles compared with other lipoprotein classes; roughly half of total HDL mass is accounted for by lipid components. Phospholipids predominate in the HDL lipidome, accounting for 40-60% of total lipid, with lesser proportions of cholesteryl esters (30-40%), triglycerides (5-12%), and free cholesterol (5-10%). Lipidomic approaches have provided initial insights into the HDL lipidome with identification of over 200 individual molecular lipids species in normolipidemic HDL. Plasma HDL particles, however, reveal high levels of structural, compositional, and functional heterogeneity. Establishing direct relationships between HDL structure, composition, and atheroprotective functions bears the potential to identify clinically relevant HDL subpopulations. Furthermore, development of HDL-based therapies designed to target beneficial subspecies within the circulating HDL pool can be facilitated using this approach. HDL lipidomics can equally contribute to the identification of biomarkers of both normal and deficient HDL functionality, which may prove useful as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, numerous technical issues remain to be addressed in order to make such developments possible. With all technical questions resolved, quantitative analysis of the molecular components of the HDL lipidome will contribute to expand our knowledge of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Research Unit (UMR 939), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie 6, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hayase T, Ayaori M, Sato H, Tanaka N, Ohashi K, Uto-Kondo H, Ikewaki K, Ohsuzu F. Impact of low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on carotid intima-media thickness differs by smoking status in middle-aged men. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:664-72. [PMID: 22498769 DOI: 10.5551/jat.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic disease; however, it remains unclear whether the impact of other risk factors differs by smoking status. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue, especially with regard to low-density and high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) levels. METHODS In total, 448 healthy, middle-aged men (aged 37 to 61) participated in this study. Smoking habits were recorded, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and serum lipids and other biochemical parameters were determined from fasted blood samples. RESULTS Among the overall subjects, multivariate regression analyses showed that IMT was significantly associated with age (p < 0.0001 for mean IMT, p= 0.002 for max IMT), body mass index (BMI, mean IMT, p= 0.028), LDL-C levels (mean/max IMT, p= 0.001), HDL-C levels (max IMT, p= 0.022) and current smoking habit (mean IMT, p=0.012). Subgroup analyses according to smoking status revealed that LDL-C levels were significantly associated with mean/max IMT in current smokers (p=0.001) but not in ex- or nonsmokers (never smoked subjects). After adjusting for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c and serum lipids, mean IMT respectively increased and decreased progressively across LDL-C and HDL-C quartiles (p= 0.004 and 0.045) in the overall subjects. These associations were observed in current smokers (p= 0.01) but not in ex- or nonsmokers for LDL-C, and were observed in ex- and nonsmokers (p= 0.025, 0.017, respectively) but not in current smokers for HDL-C. CONCLUSION The impact of LDL-C/HDL-C levels on carotid IMT differs by smoking status. These observations imply that distinct mechanisms are involved in the (anti) atherogenesis of LDL/HDL according to smoking status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Hayase
- Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Oxidative risk for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1673-706. [PMID: 19751821 PMCID: PMC2797369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the vasculature, reactive oxidant species, including reactive oxygen, nitrogen, or halogenating species, and thiyl, tyrosyl, or protein radicals may oxidatively modify lipids and proteins with deleterious consequences for vascular function. These biologically active free radical and nonradical species may be produced by increased activation of oxidant-generating sources and/or decreased cellular antioxidant capacity. Once formed, these species may engage in reactions to yield more potent oxidants that promote transition of the homeostatic vascular phenotype to a pathobiological state that is permissive for atherothrombogenesis. This dysfunctional vasculature is characterized by lipid peroxidation and aberrant lipid deposition, inflammation, immune cell activation, platelet activation, thrombus formation, and disturbed hemodynamic flow. Each of these pathobiological states is associated with an increase in the vascular burden of free radical species-derived oxidation products and, thereby, implicates increased oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berrougui H, Khalil A. Age-associated decrease of high-density lipoprotein-mediated reverse cholesterol transport activity. Rejuvenation Res 2009; 12:117-26. [PMID: 19405812 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered atheroprotective in contrast to low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are atherogenic in their oxidized form. A growing body of evidence suggests that HDL exert part of their antiatherogenic effect by counteracting LDL oxidation as well as their proinflammatory effect. However, a number of studies, carried over the past 30 years, have shown that cholesterol efflux plays a major role in the atheroprotective effects of HDL and cholesterol homeostasis. These studies have further identified the scavenger receptor type B-I (SR-BI), the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G1 (ABCG1) and ABCG4, the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma(PPAR gamma) transcription factors, the HDL components apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and phospholipids as additional mediators of cholesterol transport. Cholesterol efflux occurs via three independent pathways: (1) aqueous diffusion, (2) nonspecific efflux via SR-BI receptors, and (3) specific efflux via cholesterol-responsive members of the ABC superfamily. Whereas aqueous diffusion and scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI)-mediated efflux transport free cholesterol to a wide variety of cholesterol acceptors (particles containing phospholipids, HDL, and lipidated apo-lipoproteins; LDL, etc), the ABCA1 pathway mediates the transport of cholesterol in a unidirectional manner, mainly to lipid-poor apoA-I. In contrast, the ABCG1 pathway is responsible for the transport of cholesterol to all the subfamily members of HDL. Although HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux is apoA-I-dependent, recent studies have suggested an involvement of the enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Cholesterol efflux is carried on by a number of factors such as genetic mutations, smoking, stress, and high-fat diets. It is attenuated with aging due to changes in the composition and structure of HDL, especially the phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio, the fluidity of the phospholipidic layer, the concentration of apoA-I, and the activity of PON1. This review summarizes the findings that cholesterol homeostasis is disrupted with aging as a consequence of dysfunctional cholesterol efflux and the impairment of physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Berrougui
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ng SP, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Bolanowski DD, Lyon J, Zelikoff JT. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke induces diet- and sex-dependent dyslipidemia and weight gain in adult murine offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1042-1048. [PMID: 19654910 PMCID: PMC2717127 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects 71 million American adults and remains the leading cause of death in the United States and Europe. Despite studies that suggest that the development of CVD may be linked to intrauterine growth or early events in childhood, little direct experimental evidence supports the notion. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether exposure to cigarette smoke in utero alters the risk of developing CVD later in life. METHODS We exposed B(6)C(3)F(1) mice (via whole-body inhalation) to either filtered air or mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS, at a particle concentration of 15 mg/m(3)) from gestational day 4 to parturition. Adult offspring were fed a normal chow diet or switched to a high-fat diet 2 weeks before sacrifice. We measured dam and offspring body weight, plasma lipid parameters, lipoprotein subclass particle numbers and sizes, and total antioxidant capacities. RESULTS Adult female mice prenatally exposed to MCS demonstrated significantly higher body weight and levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein than did their air-exposed counterparts. When fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, males, but not females, exposed prenatally to MCS gained substantially more weight and exhibited dramatic alterations in total cholesterol and HDL levels compared with their air-exposed counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These data provide, for the first time, direct experimental evidence supporting the notion that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke affects offspring weight gain and induces a lipid profile that could alter the offspring's risk of developing CVD later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheung P. Ng
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- University of Louisville, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Duane D. Bolanowski
- University of Louisville, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jessica Lyon
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Toole TE, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A. Environmental risk factors for heart disease. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2008; 23:167-202. [PMID: 19119685 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2008.23.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss current evidence linking environmental pollutants to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence indicates that environmental factors contribute to CVD risk, incidence, and severity. Migrant studies show that changes in the environment could substantially alter CVD risk in a genetically stable population. Additionally, CVD risk is affected by changes in nutritional and lifestyle choices. Recent studies in the field of environmental cardiology suggest that environmental toxins also influence CVD. Exposure to tobacco smoke is paradigmatic of such environmental risk and is strongly and positively associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In animal models of exposure, tobacco smoke induces endothelial dysfunction and prothrombotic responses and exacerbates atherogenesis and myocardial ischemic injury. Similar mechanism may be engaged by other pollutants or food constituents. Several large population-based studies indicate that exposure to fine or ultrafine particulate air pollution increases CVD morbidity and mortality, and the plausibility of this association is supported by data from animal studies. Exposure to other chemicals such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and metals has also been reported to elevate CVD risk by affecting atherogenesis, thrombosis, or blood pressure regulation. Maternal exposure to drugs, toxins, and infection has been linked with cardiac birth defects and premature CVD in later life. Collectively, the data support the notion that chronic environmental stress is an important determinant of CVD risk. Further work is required to assess the magnitude of this risk fully and to delineate specific mechanisms by which environmental toxins affect CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E O'Toole
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mäkelä SM, Jauhiainen M, Ala-Korpela M, Metso J, Lehto TM, Savolainen MJ, Hannuksela ML. HDL2of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Enhances Cholesterol Efflux From Raw Macrophages via Phospholipid-Rich HDL2bParticles. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:991-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Dousset N, Curatola G. Structural modifications of HDL and functional consequences. Atherosclerosis 2006; 184:1-7. [PMID: 16157342 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) are susceptible to structural modifications mediated by various mechanisms including oxidation, glycation, homocysteinylation or enzymatic degradation. Structural alterations of HDL may affect their functional and atheroprotective properties. Oxidants, such as hypochlorous acid, peroxyl radicals, metal ions, peroxynitrite, lipoxygenases and smoke extracts, can alter both surface and core components of HDL. The formation of lipid peroxidation derivatives, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and aldehydes, is associated with changes of physical properties (fluidity, molecular order) and of apoprotein conformation. Non-enzymatic glycation, generally associated with lipoxidation, leads to form irreversible complexes called advanced glycation end products. These HDL modifications are accompanied with altered biological activities of HDL and associated enzymes, including paraoxonase, CETP and LCAT. Homocysteine-induced modification of HDL is mediated by homocysteine-thiolactone, and can be prevented by a calcium-dependent thiolactonase/paraoxonase. Tyrosylation of HDL induces the formation of dimers and trimers of apo AI, and alters cholesterol efflux. Phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes can also modify HDL lipid and apoprotein structure. HDL modification induces generally the loss of their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. This could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Ferretti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, via Ranieri 1-60131, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mahfouz MM, Kummerow FA. High density lipoprotein can modulate the inhibitory effect of oxLDL on prostacyclin generation by rat aorta in vitro. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2004; 72:91-114. [PMID: 14674623 DOI: 10.1016/s1098-8823(03)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on prostacyclin (PGI2) generation by rat aorta in vitro and whether high density lipoprotein (HDL) has any protective effect against the inhibition of PGI2 generation induced by oxLDL is the objective of this study. Preincubation of aortas with oxLDL resulted in significant inhibition of PGI2 generation compared to preincubation with normal low density lipoprotein (nLDL) or buffer only. The inhibitory effect of oxLDL resided in its lipid moiety while the lipid fraction of nLDL showed no effect. Aortas preincubated with 10 microg/ml of lyso phosphatidycholine (lyso PC) also showed 30% inhibition of PGI2 generation, indicating that lyso PC was among the lipid components of oxLDL which inhibited PGI2 generation. Preincubation of aortas with a mixture of HDL and oxLDL at a ratio of 10:1 showed a significant recovery of PGI2 generation compared to aortas preincubated with only oxLDL, indicating a protective role for HDL. When HDL was incubated with oxLDL the transfer of lyso PC from oxLDL to HDL suggested that HDL trapped lyso PC from oxLDL thus preventing it from acting on the aorta. However, when a mixture of HDL and oxLDL at a ratio of 3:1 was preincubated with aortas, no protective effect of HDL was observed. Preincubation of aortas with a mixture of HDL plus oxLDL at a ratio of 8:1, which was incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C, produced significantly less PGI2 than aortas preincubated only with oxLDL, indicating that HDL under these conditions was not protective but even enhanced the inhibitory effect of oxLDL. Similarly, aortas preincubated with HDL plus whole oxLDL (at a ratio of 10:1); containing all the small molecular weight oxidation products and characterized by high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides; produced significantly less PGI2 than aortas preincubated with whole oxLDL. These results were evaluated in light of possible modification of HDL by oxLDL and its lipid oxidation products such as aldehydes and lipid peroxides. The modified HDL can add more lipid peroxides and increase the effectiveness of lipid peroxides originally present in oxLDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamedain M Mahfouz
- The H.E. Moore Heart Research Foundation, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Misra A, Chattopadhyay R, Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. Black tea prevents cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage of proteins in guinea pigs. J Nutr 2003; 133:2622-8. [PMID: 12888648 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.8.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes oxidative damage and tea polyphenols have strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, we studied the effect of a black tea (BT) infusion on CS-induced oxidative damage of proteins both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro experiment, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or a guinea pig tissue microsomal suspension was incubated with an aqueous extract of CS (CS-solution) in the presence or absence of the BT infusion. Protein oxidation was measured by immunoblotting of the dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of the protein carbonyls followed by densitometric scanning. Protein degradation was assessed by SDS-PAGE. BT prevented (P < 0.05) CS-induced oxidation of BSA and oxidative degradation of guinea pig lung, liver and heart microsomal proteins. This was also observed when the BT infusion was replaced by its components, i.e, flavonols, theaflavins, thearubigins and catechins. BT prevented microsomal protein degradation by inhibiting oxidative modification of the proteins. The antioxidant effect of BT was similar to that of green tea. In the in vivo experiment, partially ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs were subjected to CS exposure from 5 cigarettes/(guinea pig. d) for 7 d and given water or the BT infusion (20 g/L) to drink. Guinea pigs exposed to CS and given water had extensive oxidation accompanied by 39, 40 and 30% losses (P < 0.05) of microsomal proteins of lung, liver and heart, respectively. However, when the CS-exposed guinea pigs consumed the BT infusion instead of water, the oxidation of microsomal proteins was reduced (P < 0.05) approximately 90, 97 and 70% in lung, liver and heart, respectively. Protein loss was reduced (P < 0.05) approximately 92, 98 and 90% in lung, liver and heart, respectively. The results, if extrapolated to humans, would indicate that regular intake of tea may protect smokers from CS-induced oxidative damage and consequent degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Misra
- Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata-700019, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Panda K, Chattopadhyay R, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. Vitamin C prevents cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:115-24. [PMID: 10980400 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our recent in vitro results [4] indicate that cigarette smoke induces oxidation of human plasma proteins and extensive oxidative degradation of the guinea pig lung, heart, and liver microsomal proteins, which is almost completely prevented by ascorbic acid. In this paper, we substantiate the in vitro results with in vivo observations. We demonstrate that exposure of subclinical or marginal vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs to cigarette smoke causes oxidation of plasma proteins as well as extensive oxidative degradation of the lung microsomal proteins. Cigarette smoke exposure also results in some discernible damage of the heart microsomal proteins. The oxidative damage has been manifested by SDS-PAGE, accumulation of carbonyl and bityrosine, as well as loss of tryptophan and protein thiols. Cigarette smoke exposure also induces peroxidation of microsomal lipids as evidenced by the formation of conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, and fluorescent pigment. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage of proteins and peroxidation of lipids are accompanied by marked drop in the tissue ascorbate levels. Protein damage and lipid peroxidation are also observed in cigarette smoke-exposed pair-fed guinea pigs receiving 5 mg vitamin C/animal/day. However, complete protection against protein damage and lipid peroxidation occurs when the guinea pigs are fed 15 mg vitamin C/animal/day. Also, the cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage of proteins and lipid is reversed after discontinuation of cigarette smoke exposure accompanied by ascorbate therapy. The results, if extrapolated to humans, indicate that comparatively large doses of vitamin C may protect the smokers from cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage and associated degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Panda
- Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, and the Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta University College of Science, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Francis GA. High density lipoprotein oxidation: in vitro susceptibility and potential in vivo consequences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1483:217-35. [PMID: 10634938 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) are strongly predictive of protection against atherosclerotic vascular disease. HDL particles likely have several beneficial actions in vivo, including the initiation of reverse cholesterol transport. The apparent importance of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis raises the question of how oxidative modification of HDL might affect its cardioprotective actions. HDL is readily oxidized using numerous models of lipoprotein oxidation. In vitro evidence suggests oxidation might impair some protective actions, but actually enhance other mechanisms induced by HDL that prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in the artery wall. This article reviews the current literature concerning the relative oxidizability of HDL, the structural changes induced in HDL by oxidation in vitro, and the potential consequences of oxidative modification on the protective actions of HDL in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Francis
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Panda K, Chattopadhyay R, Ghosh MK, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. Vitamin C prevents cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage of proteins and increased proteolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:1064-79. [PMID: 10569639 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CS) contains some stable oxidants, which oxidize human plasma proteins, bovine serum albumin, amino acid homopolymers, and also cause extensive oxidative degradation of microsomal proteins. Similar observations are made when the aqueous extract of cigarette smoke is replaced by whole phase CS solution or whole phase cigarette smoke. CS-induced microsomal protein degradation is a two step process: (i) oxidation of proteins by the oxidants present in the CS and (ii) rapid proteolytic degradation of the oxidized proteins by proteases present in the microsomes. Using aqueous extract of CS equivalent to that produced from one-twentieth of a cigarette, the observed initial and postcigarette smoke treated values of different parameters of oxidative damage per milligram of microsomal proteins are respectively: 0.24 and 1.74 nmoles for carbonyl formation, 125.4 and 62.8 fluorescence units for tryptophan loss, 10.2 and 33.4 fluorescence units for bityrosine formation, and 58.3 and 12.2 nmoles for loss of protein thiols. When compared with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of untreated microsomal proteins, the extent of microsomal protein degradation after treatment with whole phase CS solution or aqueous extract of CS is above 90%. Ascorbate (100 microM) almost completely prevents cigarette smoke-induced protein oxidation and thereby protects the microsomes from subsequent proteolytic degradation. Glutathione is partially effective, but other antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E, probucol, beta-carotene, mannitol, thiourea, and histidine are ineffective. The gas phase cigarette smoke contains unstable reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that can cause substantial oxidation of pure protein like albumin but is unable to produce significant oxidative damage of microsomal proteins. Gas phase cigarette smoke-induced albumin oxidation is not only inhibited by ascorbate and glutathione but also by superoxide dismutase, catalase and mannitol. The stable oxidants in the cigarette smoke are not present in the tobacco and are apparently produced by the interaction of O2*-/H2O2/OH* of the gas phase with some components of the tar phase during/following the burning of tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Panda
- Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Thérond P, Beaudeux JL, Peynet J, Legrand A, Delattre J. High density lipoproteins (HDL) and the oxidative hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:939-48. [PMID: 10616747 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative hypothesis of atherosclerosis classically implies a central role for low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. However, new antiatherogenic properties have been recognized for high density lipoproteins (HDL), apart from their ability to reverse cholesterol transport. Indeed, native HDL could protect LDL from oxidation, thereby minimizing the deleterious consequences of this process. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this protective role. Two HDL-associated enzymes, paraoxonase and PAF-acetylhydrolase, detoxify oxidized phospholipids produced by lipid peroxidation. In addition, HDL could reduce hydroperoxides to their corresponding hydroxides. It has also been suggested that HDL could inhibit oxidized LDL-induced transduction signals. However, in vivo HDL oxidation in the subendothelial space would favor the atherosclerotic process. Indeed, atherogenic properties of these oxidized HDL partly result from some loss of their cholesterol effluxing capacity and from an inactivation of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, which is a HDL-associated enzyme involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Finally, oxidized HDL could induce cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Further in-depth investigation is needed to assess these antagonistic effects and their consequences for the atherosclerotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie (Paris V), France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The aim of this review was to bring together results obtained from studies on different aspects of HDL as related to CHD and atherosclerosis. As atherosclerosis is a multistep process, the various components of HDL can intervene at different stages, such as induction of monocyte adhesion molecules, prevention of LDL modification and removal of excess cholesterol by reverse cholesterol transport. Transgenic technology has provided a model for atherosclerosis, and permitted evaluation of the contributions of different HDL components towards the global effect. The availability of apo AIV transgenic mice amplified the results obtained from apo AI overexpressors with respect to prevention of atherosclerosis. Prevention of atherosclerosis in apo E deficient mice by relatively small amounts of macrophage derived apo E may open new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Contrary to early notions, increased plasma levels of CETP, even in the presence of low but functionally normal HDL, were atheroprotective. The extent to which paraoxonase and apo J participate in prevention of human atherosclerosis needs further evaluation. The findings that LCAT overexpression in rabbits was atheroprotective in contrast to increase in atherosclerosis in h LCAT tg mice, which was only partially corrected by CETP expression, call for some caution in the extrapolation of results from transgenic animals to humans. The important discovery of SR-BI as the receptor for selective uptake of CE from HDL revived interest in the clearance of CE from plasma. This pathway supplies also the vital precursor for steroidogenesis in adrenals and gonads and was shown to be dependent on apo AI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Stein
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khalil A, Jay-Gerin JP, Fülöp T. Age-related increased susceptibility of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to in vitro oxidation induced by gamma-radiolysis of water. FEBS Lett 1998; 435:153-8. [PMID: 9762898 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the age-related susceptibility of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to oxidation. HDL were obtained from healthy, normolipidemic young, middle-aged and elderly subjects. Oxidation of HDL was induced in vitro by oxygen free radicals generated by water gamma-radiolysis, and followed by the decrease of endogenous vitamin E and the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, as well as the alterations of apolipoproteins A-I/A-II. The resistance of HDL to oxidation, evaluated by the length of the lag phase, decreased with aging. This increased oxidizability of HDL with aging could have a dramatic impact on the development of atherosclerosis in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khalil
- Laboratoire de Biogérontologie, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, Qué, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Afanas'ev IB, Ostrachovich EA, Korkina LG. Effect of rutin and its copper complex on superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. FEBS Lett 1998; 425:256-8. [PMID: 9559660 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two free radical scavengers, bioflavonoid rutin and the copper-rutin complex Cu(Rut)Cl2, inhibited lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes, Cu(Rut)Cl2 being a 5-9 times more efficient inhibitor than rutin. The enhanced inhibitory activity of Cu(Rut)Cl2 was due to the presence of the additional superoxide-dismutating center (Cu), as follows from the comparison of its effects on microsomal chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction by xanthine oxidase. Similar effects of both inhibitors on superoxide production and lipid peroxidation as well as the elevated activity of Cu(Rut)Cl2 indicate an important role of superoxide ion in the initiation of microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
|