1
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Yuhan L, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Impact of NQO1 dysregulation in CNS disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38167027 PMCID: PMC10762857 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of the NQO1 activity in the CNS can result in abnormal neurotransmitter release and clearance, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury/death. Furthermore, it can cause disturbances in neural circuit function and synaptic neurotransmission. The abnormalities of NQO1 enzyme activity have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to various dimensions of tumorigenesis and treatment response in various brain tumors. The precise mechanisms through which abnormalities in NQO1 function contribute to these neurological disorders continue to be a subject of ongoing research. Building upon the existing knowledge, the present study reviews current investigations describing the role of NQO1 dysregulations in various neurological disorders. This study emphasizes the potential of NQO1 as a biomarker in diagnostic and prognostic approaches, as well as its suitability as a target for drug development strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuhan
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Zhang W, Ju Y, Ren Y, Miao Y, Wang Y. Exploring the Efficient Natural Products for the Therapy of Parkinson's Disease via Drosophila Melanogaster (Fruit Fly) Models. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:77-93. [PMID: 38213160 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501281402231218071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder, partly attributed to mutations, environmental toxins, oxidative stress, abnormal protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the precise pathogenesis of PD and its treatment strategy still require investigation. Fortunately, natural products have demonstrated potential as therapeutic agents for alleviating PD symptoms due to their neuroprotective properties. To identify promising lead compounds from herbal medicines' natural products for PD management and understand their modes of action, suitable animal models are necessary. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) serves as an essential model for studying genetic and cellular pathways in complex biological processes. Diverse Drosophila PD models have been extensively utilized in PD research, particularly for discovering neuroprotective natural products. This review emphasizes the research progress of natural products in PD using the fruit fly PD model, offering valuable insights into utilizing invertebrate models for developing novel anti-PD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunuo Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300250, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
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3
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Zamanian MY, Parra RMR, Soltani A, Kujawska M, Mustafa YF, Raheem G, Al-Awsi L, Lafta HA, Taheri N, Heidari M, Golmohammadi M, Bazmandegan G. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway and oxidative stress by resveratrol for Parkinson's disease: an overview and update on new developments. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5455-5464. [PMID: 37155008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) as a prevalent neurodegenerative condition impairs motor function and is caused by the progressive deterioration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The current therapy solutions for PD are ineffective because they could not inhibit the disease's progression and they even have adverse effects. Natural polyphenols, a group of phytochemicals, have been found to offer various health benefits, including neuroprotection against PD. Among these, resveratrol (RES) has neuroprotective properties owing to its capacity to protect mitochondria and act as an antioxidant. An increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is responsible for cellular damage resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative protein alteration, and DNA damage. In PD models, it's been discovered that RES pretreatment can diminish oxidative stress by boosting endogenous antioxidant status and directly scavenging ROS. Several studies have examined the involvement of RES in the modulation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 in PD models because this protein recognizes oxidants and controls the antioxidant defense. In this review, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the RES activity and reviewed its effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of PD. The gathered evidence herein showed that RES treatment provides neuroprotection against PD by reducing OS and upregulation of Nrf2. Moreover, in the present study, scientific proof of the neuroprotective properties of RES against PD and the mechanism supporting clinical development consideration has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, Poznan, 60-631, Poland
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Ghaidaa Raheem
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | - Lateef Al-Awsi
- Department of Radiological Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Holya A Lafta
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Niloofar Taheri
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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4
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Cao B, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wu P, Dong Y, Wang Y. Neuroprotective effects of liraglutide against inflammation through the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:451-462. [PMID: 34817756 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence in aged populations, second only to Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence has shown that inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. Growing evidence has shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NF-κB are closely related to inflammation. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that is primarily secreted by intestinal endocrine L cells, and it has a variety of physiology through binding to GLP-1 receptor. GLP-1can be used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition, GLP-1 also has anti-neuroinflammation activity. However, the exact mechanism behind how GLP-1 regulates neuroinflammation remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the effect of liraglutide on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced injury in mice and its potential mechanism of action. Results showed that liraglutide dose-dependently ameliorated mouse behavior including swimming time and locomotor activity, increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and protein level, and reduced Iba1 and GFAP expression in the substantia nigra (SN). Liraglutide treatment also increased p-AMPK expression and reduced NF-κB protein level. Applying the AMPK inhibitor Dorsomorphin (Compound C) reversed the effect of liraglutide-reducing p-AMPK and increasing NF-κB expression. Finally, GFAP protein level increased, along with a decrease in TH expression. In conclusion, these results suggest that liraglutide can suppress neuroinflammation. Moreover, this effect is mediated through the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Dong
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Carneiro SM, Oliveira MBP, Alves RC. Neuroprotective properties of coffee: An update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Najib NH, Nies YH, Abd Halim SA, Yahaya MF, Das S, Lim WL, Teoh SL. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Zebrafish. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:386-399. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that affects
the motor system, and includes cardinal motor symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity,
bradykinesia and postural instability. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the increase in
life span. Although, two centuries since the first description of the disease, no proper cure with regard
to treatment strategies and control of symptoms could be reached. One of the major challenges faced
by the researchers is to have a suitable research model. Rodents are the most common PD models
used, but no single model can replicate the true nature of PD. In this review, we aim to discuss another
animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is gaining popularity. Zebrafish brain has all the major
structures found in the mammalian brain, with neurotransmitter systems, and it also possesses a
functional blood-brain barrier similar to humans. From the perspective of PD research, the zebrafish
possesses the ventral diencephalon, which is thought to be homologous to the mammalian substantia
nigra. We summarize the various zebrafish models available to study PD, namely chemical-induced
and genetic models. The zebrafish can complement the use of other animal models for the mechanistic
study of PD and help in the screening of new potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor H.M. Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong H. Nies
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah A.S. Abd Halim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad F. Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei L. Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong L. Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yadav SK, Ir R, Jeewon R, Doble M, Hyde KD, Kaliappan I, Jeyaraman R, Reddi RN, Krishnan J, Li M, Durairajan SSK. A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Mushrooms-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Potential Mycotherapy Candidates for Alleviating Neurological Disorders. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1161-1175. [PMID: 32663897 DOI: 10.1055/a-1177-4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating and pose the greatest threats to public health. Diseases of the nervous system are caused by a particular pathological process that negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. These diseases also lead to the loss of neuronal cell function, which causes alterations in the nervous system structure, resulting in the degeneration or death of nerve cells throughout the body. This causes problems with movement (ataxia) and mental dysfunction (dementia), both of which are commonly observed symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with nutraceutical properties and are low in calories and fat. They are also a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and vitamins that have been used in the treatment of many ailments. Medicinal mushrooms such as Pleurotus giganteus, Ganoderma lucidium, and Hericium erinaceus are commonly produced worldwide for use as health supplements and medicine. Medicinal mushrooms and their extracts have a large number of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharide β-glucan, or polysaccharide-protein complexes, like lectins, lactones, terpenoids, alkaloids, antibiotics, and metal-chelating agents. This review will focus on the role of the medicinal properties of different medicinal mushrooms that contain bioactive compounds with a protective effect against neuronal dysfunction. This information will facilitate the development of drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Yadav
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Reshma Ir
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ilango Kaliappan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Ravindrian Jeyaraman
- Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rambabu N Reddi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
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Neuroprotective Effect of Schisandra Chinensis on Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinsonian Syndrome in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071671. [PMID: 31330885 PMCID: PMC6683275 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is a well-known botanical medicine and nutritional supplement that has been shown to have potential effects on neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of S. chinensis fruit extract, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to induce behavioral disorders and dopaminergic neuronal damage in mice, and biochemical indicators were examined. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome model. Open field and rotarod tests were performed to evaluate the overall manifestation of motor deficits and rodent motor coordination. The mice were divided into 8 groups as follows: normal control; MPTP alone (25 mg/kg, i.p.); S. chinensis extract pretreatment (0.5, 1.5, 5 g/kg, p.o.); and S. chinensis extract treatment (0.5, 1.5, 5 g/kg, p.o.). Liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection was used to monitor neurochemicals in the striatum. Tyrosine hydroxylase content was measured by immunohistochemistry, and biochemical antioxidative indicators were used to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of S. chinensis fruit extract. The results demonstrated that treatment with S. chinensis fruit extract ameliorated MPTP-induced deficits in behavior, exercise balance, dopamine level, dopaminergic neurons, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the striatum of mice. Among the pretreated and treatment groups, a high dose of S. chinensis fruit extract was the most effective treatment. In conclusion, S. chinensis fruit extract is a potential herbal drug candidate for the amelioration and prevention of Parkinson's disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the basal nuclei, causing motor and cognitive disorders. Bearing in mind that standard treatments are ineffective in delaying the disease progression, alternative treatments capable of eliminating symptoms and reversing the clinical condition have been sought. Possible alternative treatments include cell therapy, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). REVIEW SUMMARY MSC are adult stem cells which have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic power in parkinsonian animals due to their differentiation competence, migratory capacity and the production of bioactive molecules. This review aims to analyze the main studies involving MSC and PD in more than a decade of studies, addressing their different methodologies and common characteristics, as well as suggesting perspectives on the application of MSC in PD. CONCLUSIONS The results of MSC therapy in animal models and some clinical trials suggest that such cellular therapy may slow the progression of PD and promote neuroregeneration. However, further research is needed to address the limitations of an eventual clinical application.
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Abolaji AO, Adedara AO, Adie MA, Vicente-Crespo M, Farombi EO. Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and improves 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced oxidative damage and behavioural deficits in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1042-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lu E, Sarkar S, Raymick J, Paule MG, Gu Q. Decreased Mcl-1 protein level in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Brain Res 2018; 1678:432-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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López A, Ortiz F, Doerrier C, Venegas C, Fernández-Ortiz M, Aranda P, Díaz-Casado ME, Fernández-Gil B, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, López LC, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Mitochondrial impairment and melatonin protection in parkinsonian mice do not depend of inducible or neuronal nitric oxide synthases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183090. [PMID: 28800639 PMCID: PMC5553810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MPTP-mouse model constitutes a well-known model of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial failure occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although it has been extensively reported that nitric oxide (NO●) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD, the relative roles of nitric oxide synthase isoforms iNOS and nNOS in the nigrostriatal pathway remains, however, unclear. Here, the participation of iNOS/nNOS isoforms in the mitochondrial dysfunction was analyzed in iNOS and nNOS deficient mice. Our results showed that MPTP increased iNOS activity in substantia nigra and striatum, whereas it sharply reduced complex I activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics in all strains. In the presence of MPTP, mice lacking iNOS showed similar restricted mitochondrial function than wild type or mice lacking nNOS. These results suggest that iNOS-dependent elevated nitric oxide, a major pathological hallmark of neuroinflammation in PD, does not contribute to mitochondrial impairment. Therefore, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation seem to act in parallel in the MPTP model of PD. Melatonin administration, with well-reported neuroprotective properties, counteracted these effects, preventing from the drastic changes in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased NOS activity and prevented reduced locomotor activity induced by MPTP. The protective effects of melatonin on mitochondria are also independent of its anti-inflammatory properties, but both effects are required for an effective anti-parkinsonian activity of the indoleamine as reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Doerrier
- CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Venegas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María E. Díaz-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Gil
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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13
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Bjugstad KB, Redmond DE, Teng YD, Elsworth JD, Roth RH, Blanchard BC, Snyder EY, Sladek JR. Neural Stem Cells Implanted into MPTP-Treated Monkeys Increase the Size of Endogenous Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Positive Cells Found in the Striatum: A Return to Control Measures. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:183-92. [PMID: 15929553 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSC) have been shown to migrate towards damaged areas, produce trophic factors, and replace lost cells in ways that might be therapeutic for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is very little information on the effects of NSC on endogenous cell populations. In the current study, effects of implanted human NSC (hNSC) on endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells (TH+ cells) after treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were explored in nonhuman primates. After MPTP damage and in PD, the primate brain is characterized by decreased numbers of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and an increase in neurons expressing TH in the caudate nucleus. To determine how implanted NSC might affect these cell populations, 11 St. Kitts African green monkeys were treated with the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, MPTP. Human NSC were implanted into the left and right caudate nucleus and the right SN of eight of the MPTP-treated monkeys. At either 4 or 7 months after NSC implants, the brains were removed and the size and number of TH+ cells in the target areas were assessed. The results were compared to data obtained from normal untreated control monkeys and to the three unimplanted MPTP-treated monkeys. The majority of hNSC were found bilaterally along the nigrostriatal pathway and in the substantia nigra, while relatively few were found in the caudate. In the presence of NSC, the number and size of caudate TH+ cells returned to non-MPTP-treated control levels. MPTP-induced and hNSC-induced changes in the putamen were less apparent. We conclude that after MPTP treatment in the primate, hNSC prevent the MPTP-induced upregulation of TH+ cells in the caudate and putamen, indicating that hNSC may be beneficial to maintaining a normal striatal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Bjugstad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
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14
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Schlossmacher MG, Tomlinson JJ, Santos G, Shutinoski B, Brown EG, Manuel D, Mestre T. Modelling idiopathic Parkinson disease as a complex illness can inform incidence rate in healthy adults: the P R EDIGT score. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:175-191. [PMID: 27859866 PMCID: PMC5324667 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-five years after the concept of dopamine replacement therapy was introduced, Parkinson disease (PD) remains an incurable neurological disorder. To date, no disease-modifying therapeutic has been approved. The inability to predict PD incidence risk in healthy adults is seen as a limitation in drug development, because by the time of clinical diagnosis ≥ 60% of dopamine neurons have been lost. We have designed an incidence prediction model founded on the concept that the pathogenesis of PD is similar to that of many disorders observed in ageing humans, i.e. a complex, multifactorial disease. Our model considers five factors to determine cumulative incidence rates for PD in healthy adults: (i) DNA variants that alter susceptibility (D), e.g. carrying a LRRK2 or GBA risk allele; (ii) Exposure history to select environmental factors including xenobiotics (E); (iii) Gene-environment interactions that initiate pathological tissue responses (I), e.g. a rise in ROS levels, misprocessing of amyloidogenic proteins (foremost, α-synuclein) and dysregulated inflammation; (iv) sex (or gender; G); and importantly, (v) time (T) encompassing ageing-related changes, latency of illness and propagation of disease. We propose that cumulative incidence rates for PD (PR ) can be calculated in healthy adults, using the formula: PR (%) = (E + D + I) × G × T. Here, we demonstrate six case scenarios leading to young-onset parkinsonism (n = 3) and late-onset PD (n = 3). Further development and validation of this prediction model and its scoring system promise to improve subject recruitment in future intervention trials. Such efforts will be aimed at disease prevention through targeted selection of healthy individuals with a higher prediction score for developing PD in the future and at disease modification in subjects that already manifest prodromal signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Schlossmacher
- Neuroscience ProgramOttawa Hospital Research Institute451 Smyth RoadRGH #1414OttawaONK1H 8M5Canada
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaCanada
- University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Julianna J. Tomlinson
- Neuroscience ProgramOttawa Hospital Research Institute451 Smyth RoadRGH #1414OttawaONK1H 8M5Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | | | - Bojan Shutinoski
- Neuroscience ProgramOttawa Hospital Research Institute451 Smyth RoadRGH #1414OttawaONK1H 8M5Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - Earl G. Brown
- Neuroscience ProgramOttawa Hospital Research Institute451 Smyth RoadRGH #1414OttawaONK1H 8M5Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - Tiago Mestre
- Neuroscience ProgramOttawa Hospital Research Institute451 Smyth RoadRGH #1414OttawaONK1H 8M5Canada
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaCanada
- University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
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15
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Herraiz T. N-methyltetrahydropyridines and pyridinium cations as toxins and comparison with naturally-occurring alkaloids. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:23-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Sarath Babu N, Murthy CLN, Kakara S, Sharma R, Brahmendra Swamy CV, Idris MM. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced Parkinson's disease in zebrafish. Proteomics 2016; 16:1407-20. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nukala Sarath Babu
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB); Hyderabad India
| | | | - Sameera Kakara
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB); Hyderabad India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB); Hyderabad India
| | | | - Mohammed M. Idris
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB); Hyderabad India
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17
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Chronic behavioral stress exaggerates motor deficit and neuroinflammation in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e733. [PMID: 26859816 PMCID: PMC4872430 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressor exposure is associated with a variety of age-related diseases including neurodegeneration. Although the initial events of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) are not known, consistent evidence supports the hypothesis that the disease results from the combined effect of genetic and environmental risk factors. Among them, behavioral stress has been shown to cause damage and neuronal loss in different areas of the brain, however, its effect on the dopaminergic system and PD pathogenesis remains to be characterized. The C57BL/6 mice underwent chronic restraint/isolation (RI) stress and were then treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), whereas the control mice were treated only with MPTP and the effect on the PD-like phenotype was evaluated. The mice that underwent RI before the administration of MPTP manifested an exaggerated motor deficit and impairment in the acquisition of motor skills, which were associated with a greater loss of neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase and astrocytes activation. By showing that RI influences the onset and progression of the PD-like phenotype, our study underlines the novel pathogenetic role that chronic behavioral stressor has in the disease process by triggering neuroinflammation and degeneration of the nigral dopaminergic system.
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Nakaso K, Horikoshi Y, Takahashi T, Hanaki T, Nakasone M, Kitagawa Y, Koike T, Matsura T. Estrogen receptor-mediated effect of δ-tocotrienol prevents neurotoxicity and motor deficit in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Chung JY, Lee JW, Ryu CH, Min HK, Yoon YJ, Lim MJ, Park CH. 1-[2-(4-Benzyloxyphenoxy)Ethyl]Imidazole inhibits monoamine oxidase B and protects against neuronal loss and behavioral impairment in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1267-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Chung
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Choon Ho Ryu
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Min
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Yoon
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lim
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Cheol Hyoung Park
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
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20
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Rodrigues TM, Jerónimo-Santos A, Outeiro TF, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ. Challenges and promises in the development of neurotrophic factor-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. Drugs Aging 2014; 31:239-61. [PMID: 24610720 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-014-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic movement disorder typically coupled to progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The treatments currently available are satisfactory for symptomatic management, but the efficacy tends to decrease as neuronal loss progresses. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are endogenous proteins known to promote neuronal survival, even in degenerating states. Therefore, the use of these factors is regarded as a possible therapeutic approach, which would aim to prevent PD or to even restore homeostasis in neurodegenerative disorders. Intriguingly, although favorable results in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease were attained, clinical trials using these molecules have failed to demonstrate a clear therapeutic benefit. Therefore, the development of animal models that more closely reproduce the mechanisms known to underlie PD-related neurodegeneration would be a major step towards improving the capacity to predict the clinical usefulness of a given NTF-based approach in the experimental setting. Moreover, some adjustments to the design of clinical trials ought to be considered, which include recruiting patients in the initial stages of the disease, improving the efficacy of the delivery methods, and combining synergetic NTFs or adding NTF-boosting drugs to the already available pharmacological approaches. Despite the drawbacks on the road to the use of NTFs as pharmacological tools for PD, very relevant achievements have been reached. In this article, we review the current status of the potential relevance of NTFs for treating PD, taking into consideration experimental evidence, human observational studies, and data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Martins Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Kiriyama K, Ohtaki H, Kobayashi N, Murai N, Matsumoto M, Sasaki S, Sawa C, Satoh K, Matsunaga M, Shioda S. A nucleoprotein-enriched diet suppresses dopaminergic neuronal cell loss and motor deficit in mice with MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:803-11. [PMID: 25303858 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an obstinate progressive neurodegenerative disease and characterized by locomotor impairment and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We examined in here the dietary effect of nucleoprotein (NP) extracted from salmon soft roe on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-injected PD-like mice model to prevent the symptom as an alternative medicine. Male C57/BL6 mice were given either an artificially modified NP-free diet (NF) or NF supplied with 1.2% NP for 1 week. Then, mice were injected intraperitoneally four times with 20 mg/kg MPTP. Seven days later, locomotor activity was examined, and the brains were immunostained with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Iba1 antibodies. Moreover, in situ detection of superoxide anion (O2(-)) and gene expression of mitochondrial electron transfer chain gene, Cox8b was evaluated in midbrains. NP-fed animals showed significantly reduced locomotor impairment and an increased number of TH-positive cells in the SNc compared with NF animals. The NP-fed animals also showed reduced lower levels of O2(-) and up-regulation of Cox8b levels and Iba1 immunoreactivity, suggesting that inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed and mitochondrial impairment was relieved in these animals. Supplementation of the diet with NP may serve as a useful preventive measure to slow the onset of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kiriyama
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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22
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Chen T, Li J, Chao D, Sandhu HK, Liao X, Zhao J, Wen G, Xia Y. δ-Opioid receptor activation reduces α-synuclein overexpression and oligomer formation induced by MPP(+) and/or hypoxia. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:127-36. [PMID: 24613828 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic brain injury is a potential cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) with ɑ-synuclein playing a critical role in the pathophysiology. Since δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is neuroprotective against hypoxic/ischemic insults, we sought to determine if DOR regulates ɑ-synuclein under hypoxia and/or MPP(+) stress. We found that in HEK293 cells 1) MPP(+) in normoxia enhanced ɑ-synuclein expression and the formation of ɑ-synuclein oligomers thereby causing cytotoxic injury; 2) hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48h or at 0.5% O2 for 24h also induced ɑ-synuclein overexpression and its oligomer formation with cell injury; 3) however, hypoxia at 1% O2 for 24h, though increasing ɑ-synuclein expression, did not cause ɑ-synuclein oligomer formation and cell injury; 4) UFP-512 mediated DOR activation markedly attenuated the hypoxic cell injury and ɑ-synuclein overexpression, which was largely attenuated by DOR antagonism with naltrindole or siRNA "knock-down" of the DOR; and 5) DOR activation enhanced CREB phosphorylation and prevented the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (△ψm). These findings suggest that DOR activation attenuates MPP(+) or severe hypoxia induced ɑ-synuclein expression/aggregation via a CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Jessica Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongman Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harleen K Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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Capitelli CS, Lopes CS, Alves AC, Barbiero J, Oliveira LF, da Silva VJD, Vital MABF. Opposite effects of bone marrow-derived cells transplantation in MPTP-rat model of Parkinson's disease: a comparison study of mononuclear and mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1049-64. [PMID: 25136260 PMCID: PMC4135227 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) animal model is a useful tool to study Parkinson's disease (PD) and was used in the present study to investigate the potential beneficial as well as deleterious effects of systemic bone-marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) or mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation. MPTP administration resulted in a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and motor impairment in the open field test 24 h after surgery. Three and 7 days after receiving the lesion, the injured animals showed remaining motor impairment compared to the sham groups along with a significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The MPTP-lesioned rats treated with BMMCs immediately after lesioning exhibited motor impairment similar to the MPTP-saline group, though they presented a significantly higher loss of TH-ir cells in the SNpc compared to the MPTP-saline group. This increased loss of TH-ir cells in the SNpc was not observed when BMMC transplantation was performed 24 h after MPTP administration. In contrast, in the MPTP animals treated early with systemic BM-MSCs, no loss of TH-ir cells was observed. BMMCs and BM-MSCs previously labeled with CM-DiI cell tracker were found in brain sections of all transplanted animals. In addition, cells expressing CD45, an inflammatory white blood cell marker, were found in all brain sections analyzed and were more abundant in the MPTP-BMMC animals. In these animals, Iba1+ microglial cells showed also marked morphological changes indicating increased microglial activation. These results show that systemic BMMC transplantation did not ameliorate or prevent the lesion induced by MPTP. Instead, BMMC transplantation in MPTP-lesioned rats accelerated dopaminergic neuronal damage and induced motor impairment and immobility behavior. These findings suggest that caution should be taken when considering cell therapy using BMMCs to treat PD. However, systemic BM-MSC transplantation that reaches the injury site and prevents neuronal damage after an MPTP infusion could be considered as a potential treatment for PD during the early stage of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cristina Alves
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína Barbiero
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Paraná Federal University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe Oliveira
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The role of inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: focus on astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:28-38. [PMID: 23783559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiologic, animal, human, and therapeutic studies support the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade in initiation and progression of PD. In Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, activated glia affects neuronal injury and death through production of neurotoxic factors like glutamate, S100B, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. As disease progresses, inflammatory secretions engage neighboring cells, including astrocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in a vicious cycle of autocrine and paracrine amplification of inflammation leading to neurodegeneration. The exact mechanism of these inflammatory mediators in the disease progression is still poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators by which they contribute to the disease progression. Particularly, we focus on the altered role of astroglial cells that presumably initiate and execute dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD. In conclusion, we focus on the molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration, which contributes to the basic understanding of the role of neuroinflammation in PD pathophysiology.
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25
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Ardashov OV, Pavlova AV, Korchagina DV, Volcho KP, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Antiparkinsonian activity of some 9-N-, O-, S- and C-derivatives of 3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1082-7. [PMID: 23375447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier it was found, that (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol (1) possess high antiparkinsonian activity. The N-, O-, S- and C-derivatives at the C-9 position of diol 1 were synthesized in this work. The antiparkinsonian activity of these compounds was studied in MPTP mice models. As a rule, the introduction of substituents containing nitrogen atoms at the C-9 position led to a considerable decrease or loss of antiparkinsonian activity. A derivative of 2-aminoadamantane 8 significantly decreased the locomotor activity time, thus enhancing the symptoms of the parkinsonian syndrome. However the introduction of butyl or propylthio substituents at the C-9 position of diol 1 did not diminish the antiparkinsonian activity comparing to parent compound. This information is important when choosing a route for immobilization of compound 1 to find possible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Ardashov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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26
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Bak Foong protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by its anti-apoptotic activity. Cell Biol Int 2013; 32:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Salama M, Arias-Carrión O. Natural toxins implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012; 4:361-73. [PMID: 22164190 DOI: 10.1177/1756285611413004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are of great importance for improving the design of future clinical trials. Various neurotoxic models are available, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat and rotenone. However, no model is considered perfect; each has its own limitations. Based on epidemiological data, a new trend of using environmental toxins in PD modeling seems attractive and has dominated public discussions of the disease etiology. A search for new environmental toxin-based models would improve our knowledge of the pathology of the condition. Here, we discuss some toxins of natural origin (e.g. cycad-derived toxins, epoxomicin, Nocardia asteroides bacteria, Streptomyces venezuelae bacteria, annonacin and DOPAL) that possibly represent a contributory environmental component to PD.
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28
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Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) modulates the expression of dopamine-related genes in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinsonism in mice. Neuroscience 2012; 223:246-57. [PMID: 22885234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in rodents similar to Parkinson's disease. The MPTP mouse model is widely used to evaluate new protective agents. EGb 761 is a well-defined mixture of active compounds extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves according to a standardized procedure. We have shown that EGb 761 attenuates the loss of striatal dopamine levels and prevents the neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway induced by MPTP. This finding shows that neuroprotective effects of EGb 761 act, in part, on the dopamine system. Therefore, this study investigates whether EGb 761 exerts dopaminergic neuroprotection through the regulation of dopamine-related gene expression in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days and later with EGb 761 (40 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 18 days. The expression of selected genes was evaluated in the striatum and midbrain by quantitative PCR. The genes for tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2), dopamine transporter (Dat), dopamine D2 receptor (Da-d2r), and transcription factors (Pitx3 and Nurr1) related to dopamine neurotransmission were selected for the analysis. EGb 761 administration to MPTP-treated mice protected Th (41%), Vmat2 (15%), Dat (102%), Da-d2r (46%), Pitx3 (63%), and Nurr1 (148%) mRNA levels in the midbrain, all of which were up-regulated. However, EGb 761 partially reversed the MPTP effect exclusively for Th (48%) and Nurr1 (96%) mRNA in the striatum. Only Th and Nurr1 mRNA and protein levels were regulated by EGb 761 in both regions of the nigrostriatal pathway. This result could be related to the regulation of their transcription. Our results suggest that EGb 761-associated neuroprotection against MPTP neurotoxicity is related to the regulation of the dopamine genes. Moreover, this neuroprotection also involves the regulation of transcription factors such as Nurr1 that are important for the functional maintenance of dopaminergic neurons.
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Kim H, Park JH, Kim K. Lipid-like components released from degenerating dopaminergic neurons trigger the dynamic migration of microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:18-25. [PMID: 22898047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, communication between neural and non-neural cells is crucial for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Microglia play an important role in the clearance of neural cellular corpses and debris, especially under pathological conditions. It remains, however, unclear how microglia sense the degenerating neurons at a distance in order to migrate to them. In the present study, we explored the interaction between neurons and microglia using an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD). In primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures, 1-methyl-4-phenylpridinium (MPP(+)) induced the selective death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transmigration assay showed that the conditioned medium (CM) from mesencephalic cultures treated with MPP(+) was enough to trigger the attraction of microglia at an early as well as a late phase of neuronal damage. Microglia preferably reacted with the soluble parts separated by ultracentrifugation over the neural debris-containing pellets. This chemoattractive activity was significantly reduced by the removal of the lipidic components in CM, but not by the removal of proteins, DNA or RNA. These results suggest that as yet-unidentified lipid-like components released from dying DAergic neurons are likely to recruit microglia, and thus have a role in neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Sun Y, Dong Z, Khodabakhsh H, Chatterjee S, Guo S. Zebrafish chemical screening reveals the impairment of dopaminergic neuronal survival by cardiac glycosides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35645. [PMID: 22563390 PMCID: PMC3338518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the prominent degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons among other cell types. Here we report a first chemical screen of over 5,000 compounds in zebrafish, aimed at identifying small molecule modulators of DA neuron development or survival. We find that Neriifolin, a member of the cardiac glycoside family of compounds, impairs survival but not differentiation of both zebrafish and mammalian DA neurons. Cardiac glycosides are inhibitors of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity and widely used for treating heart disorders. Our data suggest that Neriifolin impairs DA neuronal survival by targeting the neuronal enriched Na(+)/K(+) ATPase α3 subunit (ATP1A3). Modulation of ionic homeostasis, knockdown of p53, or treatment with antioxidants protects DA neurons from Neriifolin-induced death. These results reveal a previously unknown effect of cardiac glycosides on DA neuronal survival and suggest that it is mediated through ATP1A3 inhibition, oxidative stress, and p53. They also elucidate potential approaches for counteracting the neurotoxicity of this valuable class of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs of Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs of Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hadie Khodabakhsh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs of Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs of Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs of Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Protective effects of valproic acid on the nigrostriatal dopamine system in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2011; 194:189-94. [PMID: 21846494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal models (including the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP] mouse model) to mimic dopaminergic (DAergic) cell loss and striatal dopamine (DA) depletion, as seen in Parkinson's disease (PD), has implicated a multitude of factors that might be associated with DAergic cell death in PD including excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. All of these factors have been shown to be reduced by administration of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) resulting in some degree of neuroprotection in various models of neurodegenerative disease including in Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, there is limited information of effects of HDACis in PD models. We have previously shown HDACis to be partially protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-mediated cell loss in vitro. The present study was conducted to extend these findings to an in vivo PD model. The HDACi valproic acid (VPA) was co-administered with MPTP for 5 days to male FVBn mice and continued for an additional 2 weeks, throughout the period of active neurodegeneration associated with MPTP-mediated DAergic cell loss. VPA was able to partially prevent striatal dopamine depletion and almost completely protect against substantia nigra DAergic cell loss. These results suggest that VPA may be a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Ardashov OV, Pavlova AV, Il’ina IV, Morozova EA, Korchagina DV, Karpova EV, Volcho KP, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Highly Potent Activity of (1R,2R,6S)-3-Methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3866-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Ardashov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla V. Pavlova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Il’ina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Morozova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dina V. Korchagina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Karpova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tat’yana G. Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Protective effects of synthetic kynurenines on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in mice. Brain Res Bull 2011; 85:133-40. [PMID: 21419832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I inhibition is thought to underlie the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, an overproduction of nitric oxide due to both cytosolic (iNOS) and mitochondrial (i-mtNOS) inducible nitric oxide synthases causes free radicals generation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Looking for active molecules against mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory response in PD, we show here the effects of four synthetic kynurenines in the MPTP model of PD in mice. After MPTP administration, mitochondria from substantia nigra and, in a lesser extent, from striatum showed a significant increase in i-mtNOS activity, nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and complex I inhibition. The four kynurenines assayed counteracted the effects of MPTP, reducing iNOS/i-mtNOS activity, and restoring the activity of the complex I. Consequently, the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress returned to control values. The results suggest that the kynurenines here reported represent a family of synthetic compounds with neuroprotective properties against PD, and that they can serve as templates for the design of new drugs able to target the mitochondria.
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Muroyama A, Kobayashi S, Mitsumoto Y. Loss of striatal dopaminergic terminals during the early stage in response to MPTP injection in C57BL/6 mice. Neurosci Res 2010; 69:352-5. [PMID: 21185886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal death in vivo are still not fully understood. To investigate the selective DAergic neurotoxicity, we have developed an immunological technique to isolate DAergic synaptosomes from mouse striatal tissues using an antibody against 20 amino acid residues in the extracellular second loop of dopamine transporter (DAT). The DAT protein level in the isolated DAergic synaptosomes was markedly decreased at 16 h after a single injection of 30 mg/kg MPTP, but not in striatal homogenate and crude synaptosomes fraction. GBR-12909, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, completely reversed the MPTP-induced decrease of DAT protein in the DAergic synaptosomes. These results suggest that the isolated DAergic synaptosomes can be useful to identify mechanisms of loss of the nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Muroyama
- Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1181, Japan
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Barber-Singh J, Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T. Protective Role of rAAV-NDI1, Serotype 5, in an Acute MPTP Mouse Parkinson's Model. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2010; 2011:438370. [PMID: 21188192 PMCID: PMC3005838 DOI: 10.4061/2011/438370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) have been implicated in a number of acquired and hereditary diseases including Leigh's syndrome and more recently Parkinson's disease. A limited number of strategies have been attempted to repair the damaged complex I with little or no success. We have recently shown that the non-proton-pumping, internal NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) can be successfully inserted into the mitochondria of mice and rats, and the enzyme was found to be fully active. Using recombinant adenoassociated virus vectors (serotype 5) carrying our NDI1 gene, we were able to express the Ndi1 protein in the substantia nigra (SN) of C57BL/6 mice with an expression period of two months. The results show that the AAV serotype 5 was highly efficient in expressing Ndi1 in the SN, when compared to a previous model using serotype 2, which led to nearly 100% protection when using an acute MPTP model. It is conceivable that the AAV-serotype5 carrying the NDI1 gene is a powerful tool for proof-of-concept study to demonstrate complex I defects as the causable factor in diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Barber-Singh
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM256, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Niranjan R, Nath C, Shukla R. The mechanism of action of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and its modulation by melatonin in rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1304-16. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.501080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Chen VT, Huang CL, Lee YC, Liao WC, Huang NK. The roles of the thioredoxin system and peroxiredoxins in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1577-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kidd SK, Schneider JS. Protection of dopaminergic cells from MPP+-mediated toxicity by histone deacetylase inhibition. Brain Res 2010; 1354:172-8. [PMID: 20654591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathophysiological processes involved in dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not completely known, apoptotic cell death has been suggested to be involved and can be modeled in DAergic cell lines using the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). Recently, it has been suggested that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) may reduce apoptotic cell death in various model systems. However, their utility in interfering with DA cell death remains unclear. The HDACIs sodium butyrate (NaB), valproate (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were tested for their ability to prevent MPP(+)-mediated cytotoxicity in human derived SK-N-SH and rat derived MES 23.5 cells. All three HDACIs at least partially prevented MPP(+)-mediated apoptotic cell death. The protective effects of these HDACIs coincided with significant increases in histone acetylation. These results suggest that HDACIs may be potentially neuroprotective against DA cell death and should be explored further in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Kidd
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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A perspective on neuronal cell death signaling and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 42:25-31. [PMID: 20480262 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although neuronal cell death through apoptotic pathways represents a common feature of dysferopathies, the canonical apoptotic changes familiar from nonneuronal cells are late events. Loss of neuronal function occurs at a much early time, when synaptic-based neuronal connectivity fails. In this context, apoptotic pathways may normally serve a cleanup role, rather than a pathogenic one. Reframing the consideration of cell death in the nervous system to include the early stages of axonal degeneration provides a better understanding of the roles played by various apoptotic signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases. Focusing on disease-specific mechanisms that initiate the sequence that eventually leads to neuronal loss should facilitate development of therapies that preserve neuronal function and neuronal numbers.
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Singh K, Singh S, Singhal NK, Sharma A, Parmar D, Singh MP. Nicotine- and caffeine-mediated changes in gene expression patterns of MPTP-lesioned mouse striatum: Implications in neuroprotection mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Barber-Singh J, Seo BB, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Lau YS, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T. Neuroprotective effect of long-term NDI1 gene expression in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson disorder. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 12:259-67. [PMID: 19653878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the internal rotenone-insensitive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) can be successfully inserted into the mitochondria of mice and rats and the expressed enzyme was found to be fully functional. In this study, we investigated the ability of the Ndi1 enzyme to protect the dopaminergic neurons in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson disorder. After expression of the NDI1 gene in the unilateral substantia nigra of male C57BL/6 mice for 8 months, a chronic Parkinsonian model was created by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with probenecid and evaluated using neurochemical and behavioral responses 1-4 weeks post-MPTP/probenecid injection. We showed that expression of Ndi1 was able to significantly prevent the loss of dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase as well as the dopaminergic transporters in the striatum of the chronic Parkinsonian mice. Behavioral assessment based on a methamphetamine-induced rotation test and spontaneous swing test further supported neurological preservation in the NDI1-treated Parkinsonian mice. The data presented in this study demonstrate a protective effect of the NDI1 gene in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting its therapeutic potential for Parkinson-like disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Barber-Singh
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Hanagasi HA, Ayribas D, Baysal K, Emre M. MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I, II/III, AND IV ACTIVITIES IN FAMILIAL AND SPORADIC PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Int J Neurosci 2009; 115:479-93. [PMID: 15809215 DOI: 10.1080/00207450590523017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A possible role of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described. There are only a few reports concerning mitochondrial involvement in familial Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated mitochondrial complex I-IV activity in patients with sporadic and familial PD, compared to controls. Platelets were isolated from venous blood and platelet mitochondria were obtained through sonication and differential centrifugation. Complex I, II/III, and IV activities were measured in 17 patients with family history of Parkinson's disease (PDF), 15 patients with sporadic Parkinson disease (PDS), and 17 age-matched, healthy controls. The mitochondrial enzyme activities did not differ significantly between patient groups and controls. In addition, there was no correlation between mitochondrial complex activities and age, severity of disease, or age at onset of disease in the patient groups. In this study, the data indicate no significant differences in mitochondrial complex I-IV activities in PDF and PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmet Ayhan Hanagasi
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Scientific rationale for the development of gene therapy strategies for Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:703-13. [PMID: 19254760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ever-evolving understanding of the neuronal systems involved in Parkinson's disease together with the recent advances in recombinant viral vector technology has led to the development of several gene therapy applications that are now entering into clinical testing phase. To date, four fundamentally different approaches have been pursued utilizing recombinant adeno-associated virus and lentiviruses as vectors for delivery. These strategies aim either to restore the lost brain functions by substitution of enzymes critical for synthesis of neurotransmitters or neurotrophic factors as a means to boost the function of remaining neurons in the diseased brain. In this review we discuss the differences in mechanism of action and describe the scientific rationale behind the currently tested gene therapy approaches for Parkinson's disease in some detail and pinpoint their individual unique strengths and weaknesses.
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Lima MMS, Reksidler ABB, Vital MABF. The neurobiology of the substantia nigra pars compacta: from motor to sleep regulation. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009:135-45. [PMID: 20411774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-92660-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the result of the degeneration of the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Several mechanisms are implicated in the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, disturbances of dopamine (DA) metabolism and transport, neuroinflammation, and necrosis/apoptosis. The literature widely explores the neurotoxic models elicited by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Because of the models, it is known that basal ganglia, particularly substantia nigra, have been related to a diversity of functions, from motor to sleep regulation. Nevertheless, a current debate concerning the role of DA on the sleep-wake cycle is in progress. In summary, it is suggested that the dopaminergic system is implicated in the physiology of sleep, with particular regard to the influence of the SNpc neurons. The understanding of the functioning and connectivity of the SNpc neurons has become fundamental to discovering the neurobiology of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M S Lima
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis SC 88049-900, Brazil.
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Coetsee T, Pretorius P, Terre’Blanche G, Bergh J. Investigating the potential neuroprotective effects of statins on DNA damage in mouse striatum. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Manciocco A, Chiarotti F, Vitale A, Calamandrei G, Laviola G, Alleva E. The application of Russell and Burch 3R principle in rodent models of neurodegenerative disease: the case of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 33:18-32. [PMID: 18771685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the accepted ethical standards for the regulation of animal experimentation are provided by the 3R principle (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). The development of alternative methods to the use of animals (Replacement), the design of adequate experimental protocols to reduce the number of animals (Reduction), the application of refinement practices (Refinement) are all aspects to be considered to ensure ethical and scientific validity to animal experimentation. This review intends to address these issues, using experimental research on Parkinson's disease (PD) as a paradigmatic example of the use of animal models to improve knowledge on a devastating human pathology. In particular, current rodent models of PD and their validity are reviewed and discussed, and methodologies that may ultimately reduce animal's suffering emphasized. Although procedures referring to with 3R principle can be traced in the literature reviewed, they are not considered yet an important part of the methodological information. The formal inclusion in scientific papers of a section devoted to 3Rs may increase knowledge and eventually adherence to this principle by scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manciocco
- Section of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy
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Comparison of the time courses of selective gene expression and dopaminergic depletion induced by MPP+ in MN9D cells. Neurochem Int 2008; 52:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Goetze O, Woitalla D. The role of MPTP in Parkinson's disease: Connecting brain and gut? Exp Neurol 2008; 210:281-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lo CP, Hsu LJ, Li MY, Hsu SY, Chuang JI, Tsai MS, Lin SR, Chang NS, Chen ST. MPP+-induced neuronal death in rats involves tyrosine 33 phosphorylation of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase WOX1. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:1634-46. [PMID: 18371080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (named WWOX, FOR or WOX1) is a pro-apoptotic protein and tumor suppressor. Animals treated with dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) develop Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms. Here we investigated whether WOX1 is involved in MPP+-induced neurodegeneration. Upon insult with MPP+ in rat brains, WOX1 protein was upregulated and phosphorylated at Tyr33 (or activated) in the injured neurons in the striatum and cortex ipsilaterally to intoxication, as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Also, WOX1 was present in the condensed nuclei and damaged mitochondria of degenerative neurons, as revealed by transmission immunoelectron microscopy. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that MPP+ induced membrane blebbing and shrinkage of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Dominant-negative WOX1, a potent inhibitor of Tyr33 phosphorylation, abolished this event, indicating a critical role of the phosphorylation in apoptosis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) is known to bind and counteract the apoptotic function of WOX1. Suppression of JNK1 function by a dominant-negative spontaneously induced WOX1 activation. WOX1 physically interacted with JNK1 in SK-N-SH cells and rat brain extracts. MPP+ rapidly increased the binding, followed by dissociation, which is probably needed for WOX1 to exert apoptosis. We synthesized a short Tyr33-phosphorylated WOX1 peptide (11 amino acid residues). Interestingly, this peptide blocked MPP+-induced neuronal death in the rat brains, whereas non-phospho-WOX1 peptide had no effect. Together, activated WOX1 plays an essential role in the MPP+-induced neuronal death. Our synthetic phospho-WOX1 peptide prevents neuronal death, suggestive of its therapeutic potential in mitigating the symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Peng Lo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, ROC
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Zhu XR, Maskri L, Herold C, Bader V, Stichel CC, Güntürkün O, Lübbert H. Non-motor behavioural impairments in parkin-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:1902-11. [PMID: 17883413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the parkin gene are the major cause of early-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported the generation and analysis of a knockout mouse carrying a deletion of exon 3 in the parkin gene. F1 hybrid pa+/- mice were backcrossed to wild-type C57Bl/6 for three more generations to establish a pa-/-(F4) mouse line. The appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was normal in young and aged pa-/- (F4) animals. Loss of parkin function in mice did not enhance vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity. However, the pa-/- (F4) mice displayed impaired exploration and habituation to a new environment and exhibited thigmotaxis behaviour in the open field and Morris water maze. Abnormal anxiety-related behaviour of pa-/- (F4) mice was also observed in the light/dark exploration test paradigm. Dopamine metabolism was enhanced in the striatum of pa-/- (F4) mice, as revealed by increased homovanillic acid (HVA) content and a reduced ratio of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/HVA. The alterations found in the dopaminergic system could be responsible for the behavioural impairments of pa-/- (F4) mice. Consistent with a recent observation of cognitive dysfunction in parkin-linked patients with PD, our findings provide evidence of a physiological role of parkin in non-motor behaviour, possibly representing a disease stage that precedes dopaminergic neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Zhu
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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