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Tapia G, Teysseyre J, Bréhonnet R, Baud A, Gauvreau G, Gray M, Oprescu F. Childhood trauma and alcohol misuse in college students: The moderating role of minimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106749. [PMID: 38581770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History of childhood trauma as a risk factor for alcohol misuse in early adulthood is very well documented. Given the associations between childhood trauma and alcohol misuse, more work is needed to understand the factors that influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, minimization of such events and alcohol misuse in a French college student sample. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sampling method was used to recruit students from several colleges located in Western France. The data set included 1180 records with complete responses. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional online survey. Data collection instruments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS The strength of the association between CTQ score and AUDIT total score was increased by minimization score (β = 0.122, p = .07). This result suggests that under-reporting childhood trauma experiences tends to increase the impact of such events on alcohol misuse. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a tendency to minimize threatening childhood events may specifically be related to increased risk of greater alcohol misuse among college students. Therefore, it may be important for clinician to assess minimization of early events in students with a history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rémi Bréhonnet
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | - Alexandra Baud
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Marion Gray
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Florin Oprescu
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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Wu Z, Song J, Chen X, Ding D, Zhang X. Do Adverse Childhood Experiences Make Us More Utilitarian in Moral Dilemmas? Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1745-1756. [PMID: 38698941 PMCID: PMC11063491 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s455057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with various aspects of morality, but their precise impact on moral decision-making remains unclear. This study aims to explore how ACEs influence moral decision-making in sacrificial dilemmas. Methods Study 1 employed traditional dilemma analysis to quantify utilitarian responses and compare them among groups with no, low, and high ACEs. Study 2 utilized the CNI model to quantify three determinants of moral decision-making: sensitivity to consequences (C parameter), sensitivity to norms (N parameter), and general action tendencies (I parameter). Differences in these parameters among groups with no, low, and high ACEs were investigated. Results Both Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that the high-ACE and low-ACE groups showed significantly higher utilitarian responses compared to the no-ACE group. However, no notable differences emerged between the high-ACE and low-ACE groups. Study 2 found that the N parameter was significantly lower in the high-ACE group compared to the low and no-ACE groups. Similarly, the low-ACE group exhibited significantly lower scores in the N parameter compared to the no-ACE group. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the C and I parameters among groups with no, low, and high ACEs. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals with a high number of ACEs tend to exhibit more utilitarian responses, attributed to decreased affective response to the violation of moral rules, rather than increased deliberative cost-benefit reasoning or a general preference for action. Such insights deepen our understanding of the precise aspects of moral decision-making influenced by ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mind and Brain Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyao Song
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyou Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoqun Ding
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mind and Brain Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Research Base for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Sheng Z, Xiao W, Zhu S, Hao J, Ma J, Yao L, Song P. The association between adverse childhood experiences and sensory impairment in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from a nationwide cohort study in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106598. [PMID: 38158282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory impairment (SI), as prevalent condition among the elderly, presents a substantial public health burden. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of cumulative and individual adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with SI. METHODS Chinese residents aged 45 years and above were recruited from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2018, using stratified random sampling. The number of ACEs was classified into "0 ACE", "1 to 3 ACEs", and "≥4 ACEs". SI was assessed with self-rated visual or hearing status. SI categories included single sensory impairment (SSI), which can be divided into single vision impairment and single hearing impairment. Possessing both vision impairment and hearing impairment was considered as dual sensory impairment (DSI). Longitudinal SI progression encompassed "maintained no SI", "no SI to SSI", "no SI to DSI", "maintained SSI", "SSI to DSI", and "maintained DSI". Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines models were used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 6812 participants entered the cross-sectional analysis and 5299 entered the longitudinal analysis. Compared to 0 ACE, ≥4 ACEs had a positive association with DSI (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI = 1.20-2.06) but not with single vision impairment (OR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 0.88-1.55) or single hearing impairment (OR = 1.10, 95 % CI: 0.71-1.70), and this association was observed only in females (OR = 1.73, 95 % CI = 1.20-2.51). A linear association was found between cumulative ACEs and both single vision impairment (p = 0.044) and DSI (p < 0.001). Compared to 0 ACE, ≥4 ACEs was associated with a higher risk of progression from SSI to DSI (OR = 1.71, 95 % CI = 1.03-2.84), and the maintained DSI (OR = 2.23, 95 % CI =1.37-3.65). CONCLUSION ACEs were found to be associated with an increased risk and more severe progression of SI later in life. It is imperative to address different types of ACE and incorporate sex-specific measures to mitigate the enduring sensory impact of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Sheng
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajun Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzi Yao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo X, Lin L, Qin K, Li J, Chen W, Guo VY. Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms among middle-aged or older adults in China and the mediating role of short sleep duration. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:711-718. [PMID: 37597778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has simultaneously examined the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), short sleep duration, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged or older Chinese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between ACEs and later-life depressive symptoms, and to examine the mediating role of short sleep duration (<6 h/night) in this association. METHODS Data of 11,452 participants aged ≥45 years were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Information on ACEs, depressive symptoms, and sleep duration were reported via questionnaires. The mediating effect of short sleep duration in the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms was examined by Baron and Kenny's causal steps method and Karlson/Holm/Breen (KHB) method. RESULTS Compared to non-exposed group, exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in a dose-response pattern. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms increased from 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.46) for one ACE to 3.38 (95 % CI: 2.92-3.90) for ≥4 ACEs. The KHB method identified significant mediating role of short sleep duration in the association between experiencing three or more ACEs and depressive symptoms, with the proportional mediation estimated at 8.96 % and 8.85 % for the groups with 3 ACEs and ≥4 ACEs, respectively. The results were consistent across genders and gender did not moderate these associations. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limited the ability to make causal inference. CONCLUSIONS ACEs were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and short sleep duration partially mediated this association. Promoting optimal sleep duration among ACE-exposed individuals might improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Oei A, Li D, Chu CM, Ng I, Hoo E, Ruby K. Disruptive behaviors, antisocial attitudes, and aggression in young offenders: Comparison of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) typologies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106191. [PMID: 37084615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with many deleterious outcomes in young offenders. There is a dearth of studies examining its effects on young offenders' antisocial attitudes, disruptive behaviors and aggression, risk factors for delinquency and reoffending. OBJECTIVE This study examined ACE patterns and their association with the above factors in young offenders. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1130 youth offenders (964 males; Mage = 17.57 years), provided self-reports on ACEs, antisocial attitudes, disruptive behavior ratings and aggression. METHOD Latent Class Analysis was performed on 12 self-reported ACEs, followed by Analyses of Covariance on each of the measures. RESULTS Four classes - Low ACE, Indirect Victims, Abusive Environment, and Polyvictimized - were identified. Polyvictimized youths had the highest levels of conduct problems (M = 70.35, ps < .05) and proactive aggression (M = 0.45, ps < .05) but did not differ from youths in Abusive Environment in reactive aggression (M = 1.02, p = .69), oppositional problems (M = 65.15, p = .18), and antisocial attitudes (M = 26.95, p = .21). Indirect Victims had lower levels of conduct problems (M = 64.80, p < .05) and antisocial attitudes (M = 24.35, p < .05) than Polyvictimized youths but higher levels of these outcomes than the Low ACE group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that ACEs patterns vary in their effects on antisociality and disruptive behaviors. The novel finding was that childhood victimization does not have to be direct, as indirect victimization significantly impacted factors important to delinquency and reoffending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Oei
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Chi Meng Chu
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Policy Research Office, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 512 Thomson Road, MSF Building, #07-00, 298136, Singapore
| | - Irene Ng
- Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Eric Hoo
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore
| | - Kala Ruby
- Probation and Community Rehabilitation Services, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 1 Kay Siang Road, #01-10, 248922, Singapore
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Sun G, Wu T, Huang C, Yu M, Guo Y, Zhu X, Yu X, Qiu Y. The relevant research of adverse childhood experiences and "risky drinking" in children of alcoholics in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:34. [PMID: 36639615 PMCID: PMC9838378 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of children of alcoholics (COA) in male were associated with their current "risky drinking". METHODS This case-control study used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT, cutoff is 7) to divide the participants into two groups, a "risky drinking" group (N = 53) and a "non-risky drinking" group (N = 97). Demographic data, Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used for assessment. The specific relationships between ACEs and "risky drinking" were explored. RESULTS Respondents ranged in age from 29.70 ± 6.72 years; 74.5% were females; 94.7% were of Han nationality; 56.7% had a level of education above high school; 12% had no formal or stable job. There was difference in attitude to self-drinking between two groups (P < 0.001). The "risky drinking" group was more likely to have experienced a major depressive episode (P < 0.05), nonalcohol psychoactive substance use disorder (P < 0.01) and bulimia nervosa (P < 0.05), and they also experienced more physical abuse (P < 0.05), community violence (P < 0.001) and collective violence (P < 0.01). In a single factor logistic regression, physical abuse, community violence and collective violence were associated with a two to 11- fold increase in "risky drinking" in the adult COA, and in multiple factor logistic regression, community violence showed a graded relationship with "risky drinking". CONCLUSION The childhood adverse experiences contribute to "risky drinking" in COA. This finding in the Chinese context have significant implications for prevention not only in China but in other cultures. There must be greater awareness of the role of ACEs in the perpetuation of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Sun
- grid.452289.00000 0004 1757 5900The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Wu
- grid.452289.00000 0004 1757 5900The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mingchao Yu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Xihua Zhu
- The Third Hospital of Heilongjiang, Bei’an, China
| | - Xin Yu
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Qiu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Wang Y, Ma S, Jiang L, Chen Q, Guo J, He H, Li P, Gao T, Wang X. Adverse childhood experiences and deviant behaviors among Chinese rural emerging adults: the role of social support. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2404. [PMID: 36544162 PMCID: PMC9773545 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACEs hurt subsequent physical and mental health outcomes. However, still little has been known about the rate of ACEs among rural Chinese emerging adults and the different buffering effects of the three types of social support on different kinds of ACEs. This study described the rate of ACEs among Chinese rural emerging adults, examined the relationship between ACEs and deviant behaviors, and tested the moderating effect of three different sources of perceived social support on this relationship. We hope these results will be helpful in further interventions. METHODS We used the second wave of a longitudinal survey that included ACEs variables in 2018. A total of 1031 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 participated in the current study. RESULTS we found that (1) the rate of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was 10.0, 30.0, and 24.9%, respectively among Chinese rural emerging adults; (2) abuse and household dysfunction experience were significantly and positively associated with deviant behaviors; (3) friend support moderated the relationship between three types of ACEs and deviant behaviors. Other support moderated the relationship between abuse/household dysfunction and deviant behaviors. CONCLUSIONS ACEs could increase the risk of deviant behaviors. Perceived friend support could reduce the negative effect of three types of ACEs. Other support could reduce the negative impact of abuse and household dysfunction. These results suggest that reducing ACEs to make children's family environments safer and enhancing social support for emerging adults from rural areas are beneficial, which could prevent or reduce their deviant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ma
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinian Chen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan He
- grid.443347.30000 0004 1761 2353School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555 Liutai Ave, Tongbo, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyang Li
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Gao
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chen W, Yu Z, Wang L, Gross D. Examining Childhood Adversities in Chinese Health Science Students Using the Simplified Chinese Version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (SC-ACE-IQ). ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:335-346. [PMID: 36278243 PMCID: PMC9580443 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent, costly, and associated with poor health outcomes in adults. Little is known about ACE prevalence rates or strategies for measuring ACEs among young adults in Mainland China. The aims of this study were to (a) translate the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) into Simplified Chinese, (b) assess the psychometric strength of the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-IQ (SC-ACE-IQ), and (c) compare SC-ACE-IQ scores calculated using binary and frequency scoring methods. The ACE-IQ was translated from English to Simplified Chinese and evaluated for content validity, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability. Chinese young adults (n = 566) aged 18–38 years who were health science students were recruited in Shanghai, China from May to August 2020. ACE exposures were compared using binary and frequency scoring methods, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The SC-ACE-IQ has good content validity (S-CVI = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). SC-ACE-IQ scores were associated with depressive (binary: r = 0.26, frequency: r = 0.29; p < 0.001) and anxiety (binary: r = 0.22, frequency: r = 0.24; p < 0.001) symptoms. Higher proportion of participants reported exposure to at least one ACE and four or more ACEs when using the binary scoring method compared to the frequency scoring method. The SC-ACE-IQ is a valid and reliable ACE measure for Chinese health science students. Using frequency methods may underestimate exposure to ACEs among this population. Researchers should carefully select scoring methods for different study populations and purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah Gross
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Testa A. Childhood Adversity and Risky Behaviors among Chinese Rural Young Adults: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Stress and Moderation Effect of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13194. [PMID: 36293775 PMCID: PMC9603411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact young people's risky behaviors. Yet, few studies have explored if individuals' perceived stress mediates the association between ACEs and risky behaviors; also if social support moderates the pathways from ACEs to risky behaviors through perceived stress. This study aimed to assess the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of social support in the study of ACEs and risky behaviors. This study sample includes 1091 Chinese rural young people. A web-based survey was used to assess demographic information, ACEs, perceived stress, social support, and seven types of risky behaviors. Multivariate regression models were run to test associations between ACEs and different risky behaviors while controlling for confounding variables. The mediation model (Model 4) and the moderated mediation model (Model 58) were also performed using the PROCESS macro. Multivariate regression results showed that, with increasing ACEs values, there was an increased likelihood of all risky behaviors. The moderated mediation analysis confirmed that perceived stress mediated the linkage between ACEs and risky behaviors. However, no significant moderating effect of social support was found. The study findings indicate that ACEs, risky behaviors, and perceived stress are significant public health problems among rural Chinese young people. Culturally appropriate prevention and intervention programs and services need to be implemented to address these issues and promote rural Chinese young people's wellbeing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu R, Zhu H, Wu MY, Wang GH, Jiang CL. Childhood Trauma and Suicide: The Mediating Effect of Stress and Sleep. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148493. [PMID: 35886344 PMCID: PMC9317506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide risk, perceived stress, and sleep quality through a structural equation modeling approach. This study used convenience sampling to survey 780 undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–30 years. Students were invited to participate in the online questionnaires, which included the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The results showed that suicide ideation and suicidal behavior were positively correlated with childhood trauma, stress, and sleep. A well-fitted structural equation model (χ2 = 1.52, df = 1, χ2/df = 1.52, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00) was constructed in this study. The hierarchical regression test showed significance in all the path coefficients of the model. The total effect of emotional abuse on suicide behaviors was 49.5%. The mediating effects accounted for 73.7% of the total effects of emotional abuse on suicidal behaviors. The results demonstrate efforts targeting stress and poor sleep might mitigate the risk of suicidal behaviors among individuals with early emotional abuse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Meng-Yang Wu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guang-Hai Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Monk-Turner E, Fu H, Li J, Yang X. How Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gender Shape Perceptions of Synthetic Drug Use and Desistance in Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426221108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Past research on illicit drug use and desistance has primarily been conducted in western countries, relied on quantitative data, and given little attention to potential gender differentiation. Utilizing qualitative data, we explore gender differences in how illicit drug users perceive the onset of use, whether or not they connect this to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and why they quit. The work is based on a sample of 24 informants from Yunnan. Women link onset of use to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and report quitting primarily for their children. Men found support from their families helpful in ending illicit drug use. This adds qualitative support to theoretical work done by Wu and colleagues, Zhang, and Zhang and Demant who argue that familial attachment is critical in desistance. Utilizing a gendered lens, we gain and nuanced understanding of illicit drug use and links to ACEs which may better inform intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Pediatrics: Community Health and Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Xiushi Yang
- Sociology & Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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12
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Rogers CJ, Pakdaman S, Forster M, Sussman S, Grigsby TJ, Victoria J, Unger JB. Effects of multiple adverse childhood experiences on substance use in young adults: A review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109407. [PMID: 35306395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE), including maltreatment and household dysfunction, are consistent predictors of health compromising behaviors in adulthood. While most ACE studies have focused on adults, there is an emerging body of research focusing on young adulthood. METHODS This review describes research focused on the relationship between ACE and substance use among young adults. Two databases were searched for studies published from 1998 to 2021 that assess the relationship between ACE and substance use among young adults. Of the 1474 articles identified in the search, 43 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Consensus across reviewed studies is that the relationship between ACE and substance use demonstrated in the general adult population is evident in young adults, although effects varied by demographic variables such as gender and ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS The need for standardized measures across studies, racial/ethnic considerations, and the importance of building trauma informed prevention programs targeting this age group are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rogers
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sheila Pakdaman
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Jazmine Victoria
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Wang L, Yu Z, Chen W, Zhang J, Bettencourt AF. Higher exposure to childhood adversity associates with lower adult flourishing. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:612. [PMID: 35351105 PMCID: PMC8966170 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and associated with negative health and social outcomes. However, our understanding of how patterns of ACEs exposure relate to positive outcomes in adulthood remains limited. This study aims to identify patterns of ACEs and examine associations with flourishing in a sample of Chinese young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2020. Young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling to participate in a survey. The exposure to ACEs was measured by the twelve-item Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire. Additional measures included six domains of flourishing assessed using the Chinese version of the Flourishing Measure, and demographic covariates (i.e., gender, age, year in university, marital status). Descriptive statistical analysis and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed using SPSS 27 and Mplus 8.5. RESULTS Participants included 9468 young adults (mean age = 20.1 years). Majority of participants were female (75.3%), undergraduate students (96.4%), and single (79.8%). Approximately 56% of participants reported at least one ACE; 7.0% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional neglect (33.2%), household violence (20.6%), and parental separation/divorce (13.9%) were the most frequently reported ACEs. LCA identified three ACEs classes: multiple maltreatment and household violence (4.7%), emotional neglect and household violence (16.2%), and low ACEs (79.1%). Individuals in the low ACEs class had the highest level of flourishing whereas individuals in multiple maltreatment and household violence had the lowest level of flourishing in all six domains. There were no significant differences in flourishing between the multiple maltreatment and household violence and the emotional neglect and household violence classes except in the physical and mental health (means = 6.17 vs 6.51, p = 0.02) and the financial and material stability domains (means = 5.25 vs 5.66, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of multiple ACEs exposures were associated with lower levels of flourishing. Our findings have implications for efforts to prevent ACEs exposure through monitoring and promoting family well-being and routine screening to identify those with ACEs exposure to prevent negative social and health sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Departments of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, International Peace Maternity and Children Hospital of China Welfare Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Amie F Bettencourt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Huang CC, Yang M, Wang J. Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience in College Students in China. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 38:623-632. [PMID: 35368511 PMCID: PMC8961478 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A great body of literature has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to individuals' psychological functioning and mental health. However, the majority of ACE studies focus on psychological dysfunction and less is known about how ACEs are associated with other positive psychological outcomes, including resilience. The current study assessed the relationship between ACEs and resilience, using a sample of college students in China. We hypothesized that college students who had ACEs would have lower levels of resilience. Data came from 1,871 college students from twelve colleges in China through an anonymous online survey between late September and early October 2020. Linear regression analyses were conducted. Aligned with our hypotheses, ACEs had a negative association with individuals' resilience. Despite several limitations, this study found a negative association between ACEs and college students' resilience. Preventive services and interventions are in need to protect individuals from ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Chen
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Meifen Yang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Education, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA
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15
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Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Perrin N, Gross D. Childhood adversity and mental health among Chinese young adults: The protective role of resilience. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:4793-4804. [PMID: 34617614 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among health science students in China; associations between the number of ACE exposures and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms; and the extent to which resilience moderates the effect of ACEs on mental health outcomes. DESIGN This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted May-August 2020. METHODS Five hundred and sixty-six health science students (18-38 years) from China completed online surveys measuring ACEs using the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire, depressive and anxiety symptoms and resilience. Descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc tests and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 27. RESULTS 88.5% of participants reported at least one ACE; 42.6% reported four or more ACEs. Higher number of ACEs was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four or more ACEs were associated with significantly worse mental health outcomes than those with no ACEs and those with one to three ACEs. Greater resilience significantly attenuated the effects of ACEs on mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are highly prevalent among Chinese health science students but their impact on mental health can be buffered by higher levels of resilience. IMPACT Screening for ACEs and strength-based, trauma-informed interventions on fostering resilience is needed to promote mental health among Chinese young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Gross
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Jokinen T, Alexander EC, Manikam L, Huq T, Patil P, Benjumea D, Das I, Davidson LL. A Systematic Review of Household and Family Alcohol Use and Adolescent Behavioural Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:554-570. [PMID: 32785812 PMCID: PMC8238760 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol misuse is considered an adverse childhood experience impacting on neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes in adolescents including substance use, mental illness, problem behaviours, suicidality, and teenage pregnancy. Most research on this issue has focussed on higher income countries, whereas patterns of alcohol use and related factors may be different in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review therefore seeks to collate all published studies from 1990-2020 on the topic set in LMICs. 43 studies were included, totalling 70,609 participants from 18 LMICs. Outcomes assessed included: substance use; depression/anxiety; suicidal ideation; problem behaviour; emotional dysfunction; teenage pregnancy; and self-harm. Despite heterogeneity in the studies identified, this review documented some association between exposure to household alcohol misuse and adverse adolescent outcomes in LMICs, including mental health problems, problem behaviours, and suicidality. The mechanisms leading to these outcomes are likely varied, and further research in different socio-economic and cultural contexts, particularly in the form of longitudinal studies, is called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Jokinen
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma C Alexander
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK
| | - Logan Manikam
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK.
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Tausif Huq
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Patil
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Darrin Benjumea
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Ishani Das
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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17
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Bishop L, Almquist YB. Friends' childhood adversity and long-term implications for substance misuse: a prospective Swedish cohort study. Addiction 2021; 116:632-640. [PMID: 32592226 DOI: 10.1111/add.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although an individual's childhood adversity is predictive of later substance misuse, the effect of adversity within an individual's friendship network has not been established. The current study aims to estimate the strength of the association between exposure to childhood adversity among individuals' friends at the onset of adolescence, relative to individuals' own exposure to childhood adversity, and hospitalization for substance misuse between young adulthood and retirement. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Individuals born in 1953, living in Stockholm in 1963, and who nominated three best friends in the 6th grade school class (n = 7180; females = 3709, males = 3471), followed to 2016. MEASUREMENTS The outcome was hospitalization with a main or secondary diagnosis attributed to substance misuse, reflected in Swedish inpatient records (ages 19-63 years). Five indicators of childhood adversity (ages 0-12 years) were operationalized into composite measures for individuals and their friends, respectively. Friendships were identified using sociometric data collected in the school class setting (age 13 years). FINDINGS Individuals' own childhood adversity does not predict childhood adversity among friends (P > 0.05). Childhood adversity among friends is independently associated with an increased risk of an individual's later substance misuse [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.24], independently of an individual's own childhood adversity (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.34-1.61). However, childhood adversity among friends does not moderate the association between individuals' own childhood adversity and later substance misuse. CONCLUSIONS Within a birth cohort of individuals born in 1950s Stockholm, Sweden, childhood adversity among an individual's friends appears to predict the individual's substance misuse in later life independently of an individual's own exposure to childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bishop
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva B Almquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Chen Y, Hua K, Huang C, Zhou G, Wang J. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Students: Moderated Mediation by Gender and Resilience. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710635. [PMID: 34434130 PMCID: PMC8381021 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child abuse/neglect and household challenges, are a prevalent social issue that impacts individuals' well-being worldwide. Relatively few ACEs studies orient to the presence of psychological wellness, especially in ethnically Chinese populations. Furthermore, less is known about resilience as a mechanism between ACEs and psychological well-being, in addition to the moderating effect of gender. This study examined the relationship between ACEs and psychological well-being among Chinese college students and the potential mediating and moderating effects of resilience and gender, respectively. A total of 1,871 college students studying social science from 12 Chinese colleges completed an anonymous online survey between late September and early October 2020. Multiple-group path analyses were conducted to examine whether the relationships among ACEs, resilience, and psychological well-being differed as a function of gender. Results suggested that gender moderated the relationships studied. For female students, resilience mediated the association between abuse/neglect and psychological well-being, where abuse/neglect was negatively associated with resilience, which in turn had a negative relationship with psychological well-being. For male students, household challenges were negatively related to psychological well-being through reduced resilience. Based on the findings, various ACE-informed initiatives may be essential to prevent and protect individuals from ACEs. We also call for resilience-based interventions to enhance individuals' resilience and thus strengthen their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Chen
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kai Hua
- Soccer Academy, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Gaosheng Zhou
- Institute of Social Development, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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19
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Guo J, Fu M, Liu D, Zhang B, Wang X, van IJzendoorn MH. Is the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 stronger in adolescents with pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences? A survey of rural Chinese adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 110:104667. [PMID: 32859393 PMCID: PMC7440157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019, it has evolved into a global pandemic with tremendous mental health impact besides the threats to people's physical health. OBJECTIVE The aims were to examine whether exposure to COVID-19 predicts elevated levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms and whether pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences exacerbate this impact on mental health in adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The survey was conducted online from February 8 st to February 27th, 2020, and the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved through a web-based platform. This study includes a total of 6196 subjects, aged range from 11 to 18 years old. METHODS Several multivariable linear regressions were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The largest variance in PTSS and anxiety problems was explained by ACEs, with more pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences predicting more PTSS (effect size beta = 0.16∼0.27), and more anxiety (effect size beta = 0.32∼0.47). Experienced or subjective fear of exposure to COVID-19 predicted statistically significant variance in PTSS and anxiety, and standardized betas ranged from 0.04 to 0.09. Participants who had adverse childhood experiences and had experienced exposure to COVID-19 showed elevated PTSS. CONCLUSIONS After pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences the impact of exposure to COVID-19 on mental health may be stronger. Scars from the past seem to be vulnerabilities during societal upheaval. We therefore suggest that when exposed to COVID-19 rural adolescents should get prioritized professional family support and mental health counseling in particular when they have experienced family abuse and neglect in childhood, even though such support is more difficult to organize in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxia Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Zhang L, Mersky JP, Topitzes J. Adverse childhood experiences and psychological well-being in a rural sample of Chinese young adults. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104658. [PMID: 32799016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International interest in adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is on the rise. In China, recent research has explored the effects of ACEs on health-related outcomes, but little is known about how ACEs impact the psychological functioning of rural Chinese youth as they make transition to adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and psychological consequences of ACEs among a group of rural Chinese young adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS 1019 rural high school graduates from three different provinces of China participated in this study. METHODS A web-based survey was used to assess ten conventional ACEs and seven other novel ACEs using the Childhood Experiences Survey. Using validated brief measures, six indicators of psychological functioning were assessed: anxiety, depression, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress, loneliness, and suicidality. Descriptive and correlational analyses of all ACEs were performed, and multivariate regressions were conducted to test associations between ACEs and study outcomes. RESULTS Three-fourths of Chinese youth endorsed at least one of ten conventional ACEs. The most prevalent ACEs were physical abuse (52.3 %) and domestic violence (43.2 %). Among seven new adversities, prolonged parental absence (37.4 %) and parental gambling problems (19.7 %) were most prevalent. Higher conventional ACEs scores were significantly associated with poorer psychological functioning, and each type of new adversity was associated with one or more psychological problems. CONCLUSION ACEs were prevalent among rural Chinese young adults and had deleterious effects on their psychological well-being. Further work is needed to address ACEs by developing culturally appropriate assessment practices, interventions, and policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Social Work, University of Northern Iowa, 1227 W 27th St, Sabin Hall 257, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, United States.
| | - Joshua P Mersky
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - James Topitzes
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
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21
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Amemiya A, Fujiwara T, Shirai K, Kondo K, Oksanen T, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Association between adverse childhood experiences and adult diseases in older adults: a comparative cross-sectional study in Japan and Finland. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024609. [PMID: 31446402 PMCID: PMC6720330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diseases in older adults in Japan and Finland. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparative study. SETTING Data from a gerontological study in Japan and two public health studies in Finland were evaluated. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 123 adults (mean age, 69.5 years) from Japan and 10 353 adults (mean age, 64.4 years) from Finland were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each of, any of and the cumulative number of ACEs (parental divorce, fear of a family member and poverty in childhood; treated as ordered categorical variables) with poor self-rated health (SRH), cancer, heart disease or stroke, diabetes mellitus, smoking and body mass index. Models were adjusted for sex, age, education, marital status and working status. RESULTS Of the respondents, 50% of those in Japan and 37% of those in Finland reported having experienced at least one of the measured ACEs. Number of ACEs was associated with poor SRH in both countries, and the point estimates were similar (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.46 in Japan; OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.41 in Finland). Number of ACEs was associated with the prevalence of cancer, heart disease or stroke, diabetes mellitus, current smoking and an increase in body mass index in both countries. CONCLUSIONS The association between ACEs and poor SRH, adult diseases and health behaviours was similar among older adults in both Japan and Finland. This international comparative study suggests that the impact of ACEs on health is noteworthy and consistent across cultural and social environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Amemiya
- Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research, University of Tokyo School of Public Health, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Turku, Finland
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22
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Zarse EM, Neff MR, Yoder R, Hulvershorn L, Chambers JE, Chambers RA. The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1581447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Zarse
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mallory R. Neff
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Yoder
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joanna E. Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R. Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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23
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Ho GWK, Chan ACY, Chien WT, Bressington DT, Karatzias T. Examining patterns of adversity in Chinese young adults using the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:179-188. [PMID: 30513406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence supports significant and enduring associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative outcomes later in life. Subsets of ACEs (e.g. childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction) have been examined in Chinese populations, but no known study has comprehensively examined the full constellation of different types of ACEs or patterns of ACE exposure in Chinese samples. As a direct response to the call to establish a global ACEs surveillance framework, this study provides the first translation and validation of the World Health Organization ACE - International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Further, patterns of ACE exposure were identified through latent class analysis. The 29-item ACE-IQ was translated and back-translated from English to traditional Chinese to measure exposure to 13 categories of ACEs. The Chinese ACE-IQ demonstrated good content validity; the ACE-IQ domain subscales also showed satisfactory test-retest reliability and semantic equivalence. In a sample of 433 Chinese young adults, three patterns of ACE exposure were uncovered: Low ACEs (65.82%), Household Violence (24.94%), and Multiple ACEs (9.24%). Concurrent exposure to physical abuse, domestic violence, and emotional abuse (i.e. Household Violence) was a novel pattern found in this study sample, and suggests there may be traditional Chinese norms that potentiate risks for violent household environments in the absence of other household risk factors. Findings underscore the importance of examining ACE exposure within local contexts, as children's adverse experiences may be idiosyncratic to geographic, social, and cultural norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W K Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Athena C Y Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom; Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, United Kingdom
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Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Influences on Depressive Symptoms, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation, and Interpersonal Maladjustment. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.6.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bellis MA, Hughes K, Ford K, Edwards S, Sharples O, Hardcastle K, Wood S. Does adult alcohol consumption combine with adverse childhood experiences to increase involvement in violence in men and women? A cross-sectional study in England and Wales. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020591. [PMID: 30523131 PMCID: PMC6286488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine if, and to what extent, a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) combines with adult alcohol consumption to predict recent violence perpetration and victimisation. DESIGN Representative face-to-face survey (n=12 669) delivered using computer-assisted personal interviewing and self-interviewing. SETTING Domiciles of individuals living in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 18-69 years resident within randomly selected locations. 12 669 surveys were completed with participants within our defined age range. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and childhood adversity using the short ACEs tool. Violence was measured using questions on perpetration and victimisation in the last 12 months. RESULTS Compliance was 55.7%. There were strong positive relationships between numbers of ACEs and recent violence perpetration and victimisation in both sexes. Recent violence was also strongly related to positive AUDIT-C (≥5) scores. In males, heavier drinking and ≥4ACEs had a strong multiplicative relationship with adjusted prevalence of recent violent perpetration rising from 1.3% (95% CIs 0.9% to 1.9%; 0 ACEs, negative AUDIT-C) to 3.6% (95% CIs 2.7% to 4.9%; 0 ACEs, positive AUDIT-C) and 8.5% (95% CI 5.6% to 12.7%; ≥4ACEs, negative AUDIT-C) to 28.3% (95% CI 22.5% to 34.8%; ≥4ACEs, positive AUDIT-C). In both sexes, violence perpetration and victimisation reduced with age independently of ACE count and AUDIT-C status. The combination of young age (18-29 years), ≥4ACEs and positive AUDIT-C resulted in the highest adjusted prevalence for both perpetration and victimisation in males (61.9%, 64.9%) and females (24.1%, 27.2%). CONCLUSIONS Those suffering multiple adverse experiences in childhood are also more likely to be heavier alcohol users. Especially for males, this combination results in substantially increased risks of violence. Addressing ACEs and heavy drinking together is rarely a feature of public health policy, but a combined approach may help reduce the vast costs associated with both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bellis
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kat Ford
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Sara Edwards
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Katie Hardcastle
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sara Wood
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
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King E, Steenson C, Shannon C, Mulholland C. Prevalence rates of childhood trauma in medical students: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:159. [PMID: 28899378 PMCID: PMC5594709 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that medical students suffer from high rates of mental health difficulties. In recent years there has been an increasing focus on the need to improve support and treatment services for those in difficulty. In order to meet these needs it is important to clarify the relevant aetiological factors. There is robust evidence from general population studies that a history of childhood trauma (including physical and sexual abuse and emotional neglect) predisposes to the subsequent development of mental health difficulties in adult life. It has previously been speculated that students with a history of such trauma might preferentially apply to study medicine. METHODS This systematic review seeks to examine the existing evidence base with regard to rates of childhood trauma in medical student populations. Articles were identified through a literature search of psychINFO, web of science, Embase and medline. RESULTS This search generated 11 articles which were deemed to meet criteria for inclusion in this review. There is a wide range of results given for rates of childhood trauma in these studies. CONCLUSIONS The published research which examines rates of childhood trauma affecting medical students is limited and difficult to generalise from, or to use to draw firm conclusions. Given the possible negative outcomes of a history of childhood trauma in medical students, including that such a history may be associated with difficulties in a student progressing in their undergraduate and postgraduate examinations, well-organised prospective studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear King
- Centre for Medical Education, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Claire Steenson
- Centre for Medical Education, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Ciaran Shannon
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Ciaran Mulholland
- Centre for Medical Education, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
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Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle KA, Sethi D, Butchart A, Mikton C, Jones L, Dunne MP. The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 2:e356-e366. [PMID: 29253477 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2223] [Impact Index Per Article: 317.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May 6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. FINDINGS Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants. Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two); moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I2 of >75%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes. INTERPRETATION To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their life-course effect on health. FUNDING Public Health Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hughes
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK; Directorate of Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK; Directorate of Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, UK.
| | - Katherine A Hardcastle
- Directorate of Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, UK
| | - Dinesh Sethi
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Division of NonCommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Butchart
- World Health Organization, Department for Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Mikton
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Lisa Jones
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael P Dunne
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
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Hong YH. Effects of the herb mixture, DTS20, on oxidative stress and plasma alcoholic metabolites after alcohol consumption in healthy young men. Integr Med Res 2017; 5:309-316. [PMID: 28462133 PMCID: PMC5390758 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to investigate the effect of a herbal mixture extract (DTS20) on the attenuation of oxidative stress and hangover after alcohol consumption in healthy volunteers. Methods DTS20 consists of Viscum album L. (40%), Lycium chinense L. (30%), Inonotus obliquus (20%), and Acanthopanax senticosus H. (10%). We recruited healthy, nonsmoking, adult men volunteers aged between 21 years and 30 years to participate in a crossover trial. Twenty participants received either one package of placebo with 200 mL water or DTS20 with 200 mL water. Thirty minutes later, the volunteers ingested one bottle of Soju, which is a commercially available liquor (19% alcohol in 360 mL). Results Volunteers received the opposite treatment after a 1-week washout period. DTS20 is mainly composed of sugars (564.5 mg/g) and polyphenol (28.2 mg/g). Alcohol levels in the DTS20 group were significantly lower than the control group at 2 hours after drinking Soju (p < 0.05). Acetaldehyde levels in the DTS20 group tended to be lower than the control group at 2 hours after drinking Soju, but was not significantly different. The antioxidant activity level was also significantly different between the control and DTS20 group 2 hours after drinking Soju (p < 0.05). No differences in plasma alanine transaminase or aspartate transaminase levels were observed between plasma levels before drinking and 2 hours after drinking Soju in the control group. Conclusion It was concluded that DTS20 reduced oxidative stress and hangover by mitigating plasma alcohol concentrations and elevating antioxidative activity in healthy male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hee Hong
- Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women's University, Suwon, Korea
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang Y. The risk of male adult alcohol dependence: The role of the adverse childhood experiences and ecological executive function. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 68:129-33. [PMID: 27234193 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between male adult alcohol dependence and their adverse childhood experiences as well as ecological executive function. METHODS The questionnaires of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) were adopted for the assessments of 102 alcohol dependent patients who were diagnosed according to the criteria defined by the International Classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10) and 106 healthy volunteers, and the differences between patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed. RESULTS The percentage of adverse childhood experiences in alcohol dependent patients was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (χ(2)=17.28, P<0.01); and the incidences of emotional abuse, physical neglect, violence witness, and substance abuse were significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than those in healthy volunteers (χ(2)=4.59, 4.46, 10.51, and 44.09 respectively; P<0.05). The ecological executive function analysis showed that the BRIEF total score and scores for each item were all significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The adult alcohol dependence was associated with their adverse childhood experiences and ecological executive function. Then physical neglect and substance abuse of parents in childhood, and emotional control defect in the ecological executive function showed strong association with adult alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenchun Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Fang X, Fry DA, Ji K, Finkelhor D, Chen J, Lannen P, Dunne MP. The burden of child maltreatment in China: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93:176-85C. [PMID: 25838613 PMCID: PMC4371492 DOI: 10.2471/blt.14.140970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the health and economic burdens of child maltreatment in China. METHODS We did a systematic review for studies on child maltreatment in China using PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL-EBSCO, ERIC and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We did meta-analyses of studies that met inclusion criteria to estimate the prevalence of child neglect and child physical, emotional and sexual abuse. We used data from the 2010 global burden of disease estimates to calculate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost as a result of child maltreatment. FINDINGS From 68 studies we estimated that 26.6% of children under 18 years of age have suffered physical abuse, 19.6% emotional abuse, 8.7% sexual abuse and 26.0% neglect. We estimate that emotional abuse in childhood accounts for 26.3% of the DALYs lost because of mental disorders and 18.0% of those lost because of self-harm. Physical abuse in childhood accounts for 12.2% of DALYs lost because of depression, 17.0% of those lost to anxiety, 20.7% of those lost to problem drinking, 18.8% of those lost to illicit drug use and 18.3% of those lost to self-harm. The consequences of physical abuse of children costs China an estimated 0.84% of its gross domestic product - i.e. 50 billion United States dollars - in 2010. The corresponding losses attributable to emotional and sexual abuse in childhood were 0.47% and 0.39% of the gross domestic product, respectively. CONCLUSION In China, child maltreatment is common and associated with large economic losses because many maltreated children suffer substantial psychological distress and might adopt behaviours that increase their risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Fang
- Department of Applied Economics, College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghuadong Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deborah A Fry
- Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kai Ji
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, United States of America
| | - David Finkelhor
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, United States of America
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Patricia Lannen
- Child Protection Program, UBS Optimus Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Dunne
- The Children and Youth Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Sergentanis TN, Sakelliadis EI, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Goutas N, Sergentanis IN, Spiliopoulou CA, Papadodima S. Does history of childhood maltreatment make a difference in prison? A hierarchical approach on early family events and personality traits. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:1064-70. [PMID: 25468626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to assess childhood maltreatment in prison through a hierarchical approach. The hierarchical approach principally aims to disentangle the independent effects of childhood maltreatment upon psychiatric morbidity/personality traits, if any, from the burden that the adverse family conditions have already imposed to the mental health of the maltreated individual-prisoner. To this direction, a conceptual framework with five hierarchical levels was constructed, namely: immutable demographic factors; family conditions; childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect and sexual abuse); personality traits, habits and psychiatric morbidity; prison-related variables. A self-administered, anonymous set (battery) of questionnaires was administered to 173 male prisoners in the Chalkida prison, Greece; 26% of prisoners disclosed childhood maltreatment. Psychiatric condition in the family, parental alcoholism and parental divorce correlated with childhood maltreatment. After adjustment for immutable demographic factors and family conditions, childhood maltreatment was associated with aggression (both in terms of Lifetime History of Aggression and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire scores), illicit substance use, personal history of psychiatric condition, current smoking, impulsivity and alcohol abuse. In conclusion, childhood maltreatment represents a pivotal, determining factor in the life course of male prisoners. Delinquents seem to suffer from long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment in terms of numerous mental health aspects.
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Fry D, McCoy A, Swales D. The consequences of maltreatment on children's lives: a systematic review of data from the East Asia and Pacific Region. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2012; 13:209-33. [PMID: 22899705 DOI: 10.1177/1524838012455873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the consequences of child maltreatment in East Asia and the Pacific region based on the results of a systematic review of 16 English and non-English databases for journal articles and "gray" literature published between January 2001 and November 2010. This review shows that children in the region experiencing maltreatment are at increased risk of experiencing mental health consequences, physical health sequelae, high-risk sexual behaviors, and increased exposure to future violence including intimate partner violence (IPV) as an adult. Children who suffer from child sexual abuse have a median twofold increased risk of experiencing mental health disorders than those who have never experienced child maltreatment. Similar findings were found for those who experience physical abuse. Children who have been maltreated in the region are also at an increased risk of suicide ideation and attempts than those that have experienced child sexual or physical abuse being at a median fourfold increased risk. Children who have experienced physical abuse or those who have witnessed parental domestic abuse as a child are at median twofold increased risk of experiencing IPV as an adult, while children who have been sexually abused have a median threefold increase in risk of IPV later in life. There are still gaps in our understanding of the consequences of child maltreatment, but we do know that the consequences are profound and far-reaching. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for governments, civil society organizations, development agencies, and academia to advocate for, invest in, and collaborate across sectors for the strengthening of child protection systems in the East Asia and Pacific Region, with a focus on evidence-based child maltreatment prevention policies and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fry
- UNICEF consultant based at the University of Edinburgh/NSPCC Child Protection Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK.
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Klinteberg BA, Almquist Y, Beijer U, Rydelius PA. Family psychosocial characteristics influencing criminal behaviour and mortality--possible mediating factors: a longitudinal study of male and female subjects in the Stockholm Birth Cohort. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:756. [PMID: 21962152 PMCID: PMC3198708 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family psychosocial characteristics in childhood have been associated with children's development into criminal behaviour and mortality. This study explored these possible relationships and examined alcohol and/or drug use and mental problems as possible mediating factors, highlighting gender-specific patterns. METHODS Data from Swedish subjects born in 1953 (n = 14,294) from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were examined. Several indicators of adverse family factors and individual problems were included in the present study. The information was derived from various data sources, covering different periods. Gender-specific associations with incidence of criminality (1966-1980) and mortality (1981-2009) were analysed using logistic regression. Furthermore, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated for all variables in the fully adjusted models which were positively related to the outcome. RESULTS Overall incidence of criminality and mortality was (m/f 32.3/6.6) and (m/f 6.1/3.5), respectively. The results showed that all aspects of family psychosocial and individual problems studied were associated with criminality for both genders. Among males, individual problems seemed to partly mediate these relations, but the associations remained statistically significant. Interestingly, the PAF analysis revealed a reduction in criminality of 17.5% when individual problems with alcohol and/or drug use were considered. Among females, a significant impact of alcohol and/or drug use on the association between family psychosocial characteristics and subsequent criminality was obtained. Inclusion of father's occupational class only somewhat reduced the estimates for the genders. Concerning male mortality, father's alcohol abuse was significantly related to an increased risk. When individual criminality was accounted for, the association was substantially reduced but remained statistically significant. Among females, when adjusting for family psychosocial factors, only the association between parents' mental problems and females' mortality was significant. None of the individual problem variables managed to explain this association. CONCLUSIONS Family psychosocial characteristics were associated with both subsequent criminal behaviour and mortality. These connections were partly explained by individual risk factors, especially by alcohol and/or drug use. The practical implications of the findings point to the importance of addressing the individual's alcohol and/or drug use in reducing criminal behaviour, which would also lower the mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt af Klinteberg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, 5th floor, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Almquist
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, 5th floor, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Beijer
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Rydelius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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