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He C, Gai H, Zhao W, Zhang H, Lai L, Ding C, Chen L, Ding J. Advances in the Study of Etiology and Molecular Mechanisms of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1721-1734. [PMID: 38849694 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a multifactorial progressive disorder, results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, with its underlying mechanisms remaining unclear. Several pathological factors are believed to contribute to SNHL, including genetic factors, ion homeostasis, cell apoptosis, immune inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, hormones, metabolic syndrome, human cytomegalovirus infection, mitochondrial damage, and impaired autophagy. These factors collectively interact and play significant roles in the onset and progression of SNHL. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various factors that contribute to SNHL, emphasizes recent developments in understanding its etiology, and explores relevant preventive and intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairong He
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongcun Gai
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Lai
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chenyu Ding
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Czerwonka A, Kałafut J, Wang S, Anameric A, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Toriseva M, Nees M. The Notch inhibitor, FLI-06, increases the chemosensitivity of head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma cells to taxanes-based treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116822. [PMID: 38906029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberration of Notch signaling is one of the key events involved in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The Notch pathway controls the tissue-specific differentiation of normal squamous epithelial cells and is frequently altered in squamous carcinomas, thus affecting their proliferation, growth, survival, and chemosensitivity or resistance against anti-cancer agents. In this study, we show that the use of novel, small-molecule inhibitors of Notch signaling, such as FLI-06, can have a beneficial effect on increasing the chemosensitivity of HNSCC to taxane-based chemotherapy. Inhibition of Notch signaling by FLI-06 alone virtually blocks the proliferation and growth of HNSCC cells in both 2D and 3D cultures and the zebrafish model, which is accompanied by down-regulation of key Notch target genes and proteins. Mechanistically, FLI-06 treatment causes cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase and induction of apoptosis in HNSCC, which is accompanied by increased c-JunS63 phosphorylation. Combining FLI-06 with Docetaxel shows a synergistic effect and partially blocks the cell growth of aggressive HNSCC cells via enhanced apoptosis and modification of c-JunS243 phosphorylation via GSK-3β inhibition. In conclusion, inhibition of Notch signaling in HNSCC cells that retain active Notch signaling significantly supports taxane-based anticancer activities via modulation of both the GSK-3β and the c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alinda Anameric
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | | | - Mervi Toriseva
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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Bessone F, Hillotte GL, Ahumada N, Jaureguizahar F, Medeot AC, Roma MG. UDCA for Drug-Induced Liver Disease: Clinical and Pathophysiological Basis. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:1-22. [PMID: 38378025 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to medications and other xenobiotics that leads to liver dysfunction. Based on differential clinical patterns of injury, DILI is classified into hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed types; although hepatocellular DILI is associated with inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis, cholestatic DILI is associated with bile plugs and bile duct paucity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been empirically used as a supportive drug mainly in cholestatic DILI, but both curative and prophylactic beneficial effects have been observed for hepatocellular DILI as well, according to preliminary clinical studies. This could reflect the fact that UDCA has a plethora of beneficial effects potentially useful to treat the wide range of injuries with different etiologies and pathomechanisms occurring in both types of DILI, including anticholestatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antinecrotic, mitoprotective, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviating, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, a revision of the literature has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA across the whole DILI spectrum, and these findings were associated with the multiple mechanisms of UDCA hepatoprotection. This should help better rationalize and systematize the use of this versatile and safe hepatoprotector in each type of DILI scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Geraldine L Hillotte
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ahumada
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Jaureguizahar
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Alatawi FS, Omran AME, Alatawi MS, Rashad E, Yasin NAE, Soliman AF. Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Validation of Ferulic Acid’s Protective Effects against Diclofenac‐Induced Liver Injury. J Food Biochem 2024; 2024. [DOI: 10.1155/2024/5592390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most consumed analgesics worldwide, liver injury is an adverse effect of diclofenac (DF). In pursuit of reliable hepatoprotective natural remedies, this study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of ferulic acid (FA) and its mechanism against DF‐induced liver injury. Various network databases and datasets were used to collect targets corresponding to FA and DF‐induced liver injury. Enrichment analyses of common targets were performed, a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, the hub genes were identified, and the upstream miRNA interacting with the top hub gene was later predicted. A DF‐induced liver injury rat model was established to verify FA’s protective effects, and the selected hub gene expression level with its upstream regulatory miRNA and a downstream set of targets was examined to elucidate the underlying mechanism. A total of 18 genes were identified as potential targets of FA to protect against DF‐induced liver injury. Data from the enrichment and PPI analyses and the prediction of the upstream miRNAs indicated that the most worthwhile pair to study was miR‐296‐5p/Jun. In vivo findings showed that coadministration of FA significantly reduced the DF‐induced alterations in the liver function indices, oxidative stress, and liver histology. Mechanistically, FA downregulated the expression of Jun, Bim, Bax, Casp3, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, whereas it upregulated the expression of rno‐miR‐296‐5p and Bcl2. In conclusion, combining network pharmacology and an in vivo study revealed that miR‐296‐5p/Jun axis could mediate the mitigative effect of FA against DF‐induced liver injury.
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Zhou Y, Fang C, Yuan L, Guo M, Xu X, Shao A, Zhang A, Zhou D. Redox homeostasis dysregulation in noise-induced hearing loss: oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:78. [PMID: 38082455 PMCID: PMC10714662 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure is an important cause of acquired hearing loss. Studies have found that noise exposure causes dysregulated redox homeostasis in cochlear tissue, which has been recognized as a signature feature of hearing loss. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in many diseases via very complex and diverse mechanisms and targets. Reactive oxygen species are products of oxidative stress that exert toxic effects on a variety of physiological activities and are considered significant in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Endogenous cellular antioxidants can directly or indirectly counteract oxidative stress and regulate intracellular redox homeostasis, and exogenous antioxidants can complement and enhance this effect. Therefore, antioxidant therapy is considered a promising direction for NIHL treatment. However, drug experiments have been limited to animal models of NIHL, and these experiments and related observations are difficult to translate in humans; therefore, the mechanisms and true effects of these drugs need to be further analyzed. This review outlines the effects of oxidative stress in NIHL and discusses the main mechanisms and strategies of antioxidant treatment for NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoyou Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Danyang Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Tran HN, Nguyen QH, Jeong JE, Loi DL, Nam YH, Kang TH, Yoon J, Baek K, Jeong Y. The embryonic patterning gene Dbx1 governs the survival of the auditory midbrain via Tcf7l2-Ap2δ transcriptional cascade. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1563-1574. [PMID: 37081114 PMCID: PMC10244374 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At the top of the midbrain is the inferior colliculus (IC), which functions as the major hub for processing auditory information. Despite the functional significance of neurons in the IC, our understanding of their formation is limited. In this study, we identify the embryonic patterning gene Dbx1 as a key molecular player that governs genetic programs for IC survival. We find that Dbx1 plays a critical role in preventing apoptotic cell death in postnatal IC by transcriptionally repressing c-Jun and pro-apoptotic BH3 only factors. Furthermore, by employing combined approaches, we uncover that Tcf7l2 functions downstream of Dbx1. Loss of Tcf7l2 function causes IC phenotypes with striking similarity to those of Dbx1 mutant mice, which include defective embryonic maturation and postnatal deletion of the IC. Finally, we demonstrate that the Dbx1-Tcf7l2 cascade functions upstream of Ap-2δ, which is essential for IC development and survival. Together, these results unravel a novel molecular mechanism for IC maintenance, which is indispensable for normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Nhung Tran
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Quy-Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Linh Loi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yoon
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Baek
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Yao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang F, Miao N, Wang N, Xu X, Yang C. microRNA-221 rescues the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2921. [PMID: 36795044 PMCID: PMC10013949 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common systemic neurodegenerative diseases and is related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Several studies verified that microRNA (miRNAs) targeting the Bim/Bax/caspase-3 signaling axis is involved in the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-221 in PD. METHODS To examine the function of miR-221 in vivo, we used a well-established 6-OHDA-induced PD mouse model. Then we conducted adenovirus-mediated miR-221 overexpression in the PD mice. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-221 overexpression improved motor behavior of the PD mice. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-221 reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra striatum by promoting their antioxidative and antiapoptosis capacities. Mechanistically, miR-221 targets Bim, thus inhibiting Bim and Bax caspase-3 mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest miR-221 participates in the pathological process of PD and might be a potential drug target and provide new insight into PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Yao
- Department 7 of NeurologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Zhiyue Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCangzhou Normal UniversityCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Fubo Zhang
- Department 4 of NeurologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Na Miao
- Department 7 of NeurologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Nan Wang
- Department 4 of NeurologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Xin Xu
- Department 1 of Traditional Chinese MedicineCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
| | - Chaoping Yang
- Department 4 of NeurologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouHebeiChina
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Tao L, Segil N. CDK2 regulates aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death through modulating c-Jun activity: Inhibiting CDK2 to preserve hearing. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013383. [PMID: 36311033 PMCID: PMC9606710 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cell death caused by the ototoxic side effects of many clinically used drugs leads to permanent sensorineural hearing loss in patients. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used and well-known for their ototoxicity, but the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death are not well understood. This creates challenges in our attempts to alleviate or prevent such adverse side effects. Here, we report a regulatory role of CDK2 in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. Utilizing organotypic cultures of cochleae from neonatal mice, we show that blocking CDK2 activity by either pharmaceutical inhibition or by Cdk2 gene knockout protects hair cells against the ototoxicity of gentamicin—one of the most commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotics—by interfering with intrinsic programmed cell death processes. Specifically, we show that CDK2 inhibition delays the collapse of mitochondria and the activation of a caspase cascade. Furthermore, at the molecular level, inhibition of CDK2 activity influences proapoptotic JNK signaling by reducing the protein level of c-Jun and suppressing the gentamicin-induced upregulation of c-Jun target genes Jun and Bim. Our in vivo studies reveal that Cdk2 gene knockout animals are significantly less sensitive to gentamicin ototoxicity compared to wild-type littermates. Altogether, our work ascertains the non-cell cycle role of CDK2 in regulating aminoglycoside-induced hair cell apoptosis and sheds lights on new potential strategies for hearing protection against ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Tao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Litao Tao,
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ma Z, Liu CF, Zhang L, Xiang N, Zhang Y, Chu L. The Construction and Analysis of Immune Infiltration and Competing Endogenous RNA Network in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:806200. [PMID: 35656537 PMCID: PMC9152092 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.806200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common neurological disease that seriously endangers both the physical and mental health of human. After AIS, activated immune cells are recruited to the stroke site, where inflammatory mediators are released locally, and severe immune inflammatory reactions occur within a short time, which affects the progress and prognosis of IS. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a closed-loop structure and high stability. Studies have found that circRNA can affect the course of IS. However, there is no report on ceRNA’s pathogenesis in AIS that is mediated by circRNA. In this study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the distribution of immune cells in patients with AIS. mRNA dataset was downloaded from the GEO database, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to construct weighted gene co-expression to determine 668 target genes, using GO, KEGG enrichment analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug-in analysis. The results showed that the biological function of the target gene was in line with the activation and immune regulation of neutrophils; signal pathways were mostly enriched in immune inflammation-related pathways. A Venn diagram was used to obtain 52 intersection genes between target genes and disease genes. By analyzing the correlation between the intersection genes and immune cells, we found that the top 5 hub genes were TOM1, STAT3, RAB3D, MDM2, and FOS, which were all significantly positively correlated with neutrophils and significantly negatively correlated with eosinophils. A total of 52 intersection genes and the related circRNA and miRNA were used as input for Cytoscape software to construct a circRNA-mediated ceRNA competition endogenous network, where a total of 18 circRNAs were found. Further analysis of the correlation between circRNA and immune cells found that 4 circRNAs are positively correlated with neutrophils. Therefore, we speculate that there may be a regulatory relationship between circRNA-mediated ceRNA and the immune mechanism in AIS. This study has important guiding significance for the progress, outcome of AIS, and the development of new medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoLei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Chu,
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Ahmed M, Kojima Y, Masai I. Strip1 regulates retinal ganglion cell survival by suppressing Jun-mediated apoptosis to promote retinal neural circuit formation. eLife 2022; 11:74650. [PMID: 35314028 PMCID: PMC8940179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate retina, an interplay between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), amacrine (AC), and bipolar (BP) cells establishes a synaptic layer called the inner plexiform layer (IPL). This circuit conveys signals from photoreceptors to visual centers in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its development remain poorly understood. Striatin-interacting protein 1 (Strip1) is a core component of the striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex, and it has shown emerging roles in embryonic morphogenesis. Here, we uncover the importance of Strip1 in inner retina development. Using zebrafish, we show that loss of Strip1 causes defects in IPL formation. In strip1 mutants, RGCs undergo dramatic cell death shortly after birth. AC and BP cells subsequently invade the degenerating RGC layer, leading to a disorganized IPL. Mechanistically, zebrafish Strip1 interacts with its STRIPAK partner, Striatin 3 (Strn3), and both show overlapping functions in RGC survival. Furthermore, loss of Strip1 or Strn3 leads to activation of the proapoptotic marker, Jun, within RGCs, and Jun knockdown rescues RGC survival in strip1 mutants. In addition to its function in RGC maintenance, Strip1 is required for RGC dendritic patterning, which likely contributes to proper IPL formation. Taken together, we propose that a series of Strip1-mediated regulatory events coordinates inner retinal circuit formation by maintaining RGCs during development, which ensures proper positioning and neurite patterning of inner retinal neurons. The back of the eye is lined with an intricate tissue known as the retina, which consists of carefully stacked neurons connecting to each other in well-defined ‘synaptic’ layers. Near the surface, photoreceptors cells detect changes in light levels, before passing this information through the inner plexiform layer to retinal ganglion cells (or RGCs) below. These neurons will then relay the visual signals to the brain. Despite the importance of this inner retinal circuit, little is known about how it is created as an organism develops. As a response, Ahmed et al. sought to identify which genes are essential to establish the inner retinal circuit, and how their absence affects retinal structure. To do this, they introduced random errors in the genetic code of zebrafish and visualised the resulting retinal circuits in these fast-growing, translucent fish. Initial screening studies found fish with mutations in a gene encoding a protein called Strip1 had irregular layering of the inner retina. Further imaging experiments to pinpoint the individual neurons affected showed that in zebrafish without Strip1, RGCs died in the first few days of development. Consequently, other neurons moved into the RGC layer to replace the lost cells, leading to layering defects. Ahmed et al. concluded that Strip1 promotes RGC survival and thereby coordinates proper positioning of neurons in the inner retina. In summary, these findings help to understand how the inner retina is wired; they could also shed light on the way other layered structures are established in the nervous system. Moreover, this study paves the way for future research investigating Strip1 as a potential therapeutic target to slow down the death of RGCs in conditions such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Yutaka Kojima
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
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11
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Zhao J, Liu H, Huang Z, Yang R, Gong L. The Ameliorative Effect of JNK Inhibitor D-JNKI-1 on Neomycin-Induced Apoptosis in HEI-OC1 Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:824762. [PMID: 35359571 PMCID: PMC8963355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.824762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity and lead to hair cell damage. Neomycin-induced ototoxicity is related to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering hair cell apoptosis. The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an essential role during hair cell damage. This study was designed to investigate an inhibitor of JNK, D-JNKI-1 (AM-111/brimapitide) in neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis. The results demonstrate that neomycin increased intracellular ROS accumulation, which induces apoptosis. D-JNKI-1 decreased neomycin-induced ROS generation, reduced caspase-8 and cleavage of caspase-3 expression, sustained JNK activation and AMPK and p38 phosphorylation, downregulated Bax, and upregulated Bcl-2. Together, D-JNKI-1 plays an essential role in protecting against neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis by suppressing ROS generation, which inhibited JNK activation and AMPK and p38 phosphorylation to ameliorate JNK-mediated HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis.
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Mason MRJ, Erp S, Wolzak K, Behrens A, Raivich G, Verhaagen J. The Jun-dependent axon regeneration gene program: Jun promotes regeneration over plasticity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1242-1262. [PMID: 34718572 PMCID: PMC9029231 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration-associated gene (RAG) expression program is activated in injured peripheral neurons after axotomy and enables long-distance axon re-growth. Over 1000 genes are regulated, and many transcription factors are upregulated or activated as part of this response. However, a detailed picture of how RAG expression is regulated is lacking. In particular, the transcriptional targets and specific functions of the various transcription factors are unclear. Jun was the first-regeneration-associated transcription factor identified and the first shown to be functionally important. Here we fully define the role of Jun in the RAG expression program in regenerating facial motor neurons. At 1, 4 and 14 days after axotomy, Jun upregulates 11, 23 and 44% of the RAG program, respectively. Jun functions relevant to regeneration include cytoskeleton production, metabolic functions and cell activation, and the downregulation of neurotransmission machinery. In silico analysis of promoter regions of Jun targets identifies stronger over-representation of AP1-like sites than CRE-like sites, although CRE sites were also over-represented in regions flanking AP1 sites. Strikingly, in motor neurons lacking Jun, an alternative SRF-dependent gene expression program is initiated after axotomy. The promoters of these newly expressed genes exhibit over-representation of CRE sites in regions near to SRF target sites. This alternative gene expression program includes plasticity-associated transcription factors and leads to an aberrant early increase in synapse density on motor neurons. Jun thus has the important function in the early phase after axotomy of pushing the injured neuron away from a plasticity response and towards a regenerative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R J Mason
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Erp
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Wolzak
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Gennadij Raivich
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Chung KS, Yoo CB, Lee JH, Lee HH, Park SE, Han HS, Lee SY, Kwon BM, Choi JH, Lee KT. Regulation of ROS-Dependent JNK Pathway by 2'-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde Inducing Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Leukemia Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111794. [PMID: 34834209 PMCID: PMC8618870 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2'-HCA) induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells through the activation of mitochondrial pathways including (1) translocation of Bim and Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria, (2) downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, (3) cytochrome c release into the cytosol, (4) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and (5) caspase activation. 2'-HCA also induced the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) in HL-60 cells. The pharmacological and genetic inhibition of JNK effectively prevented 2'-HCA-induced apoptosis and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-DNA binding. In addition, 2'-HCA resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols (PSH) in HL-60 cells. NAC treatment abrogated 2'-HCA-induced JNK phosphorylation, AP-1-DNA binding, and Bim mitochondrial translocation, suggesting that oxidative stress may be required for 2'-HCA-induced intrinsic apoptosis. Xenograft mice inoculated with HL-60 leukemia cells demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of 2'-HCA inhibited tumor growth by increasing of TUNEL staining, the expression levels of nitrotyrosine and pro-apoptotic proteins, but reducing of PCNA protein expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that 2'-HCA induces apoptosis via the ROS-dependent JNK pathway and could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Chae-Bin Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Sang-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmarcy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmarcy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Byoung-Mok Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.-S.C.); (C.-B.Y.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.L.); (S.-E.P.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0860
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Schmitt HM, Fehrman RL, Maes ME, Yang H, Guo LW, Schlamp CL, Pelzel HR, Nickells RW. Increased Susceptibility and Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling in Neurons by Induced HDAC3 Expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 34398198 PMCID: PMC8375002 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhibition or targeted deletion of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is neuroprotective in a variety neurodegenerative conditions, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after acute optic nerve damage. Consistent with this, induced HDAC3 expression in cultured cells shows selective toxicity to neurons. Despite an established role for HDAC3 in neuronal pathology, little is known regarding the mechanism of this pathology. Methods Induced expression of an HDAC3-mCherry fusion protein in mouse RGCs was accomplished by transduction with AAV2/2-Pgk-HDAC3-mCherry. Increased susceptibility to optic nerve damage in HDAC3-mCherry expressing RGCs was evaluated in transduced mice that received acute optic nerve crush surgery. Expression of HDAC3-FLAG or HDAC3-mCherry was induced by nucleofection or transfection of plasmids into differentiated or undifferentiated 661W tissue culture cells. Immunostaining for cleaved caspase 3, localization of a GFP-BAX fusion protein, and quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate HDAC3-induced damage. Results Induced expression of exogenous HDAC3 in RGCs by viral-mediated gene transfer resulted in modest levels of cell death but significantly increased the sensitivity of these neurons to axonal damage. Undifferentiated 661W retinal precursor cells were resilient to induced HDAC3 expression, but after differentiation, HDAC3 induced GFP-BAX recruitment to the mitochondria and BAX/BAK dependent activation of caspase 3. This was accompanied by an increase in accumulation of transcripts for the JNK2/3 kinases and the p53-regulated BH3-only gene Bbc3/Puma. Cell cycle arrest of undifferentiated 661W cells did not increase their sensitivity to HDAC3 expression. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that HDAC3-induced toxicity to neurons is mediated by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Fehrman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
| | - Margaret E. Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heather R. Pelzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Key Signaling Pathways Regulate the Development and Survival of Auditory Hair Cells. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5522717. [PMID: 34194486 PMCID: PMC8214483 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of auditory sensory hair cells (HCs) is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). As the main sound transmission structure in the cochlea, it is necessary to maintain the normal shape and survival of HCs. In this review, we described and summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the development and survival of auditory HCs in SNHL. The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Notch/Wnt/Atoh1, calcium channels, and oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways are the most relevant. The molecular interactions of these signaling pathways play an important role in the survival of HCs, which may provide a theoretical basis and possible therapeutic interventions for the treatment of hearing loss.
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Kawasaki S, Ohtsuka H, Sato Y, Douchi D, Sato M, Ariake K, Masuda K, Fukase K, Mizuma M, Nakagawa K, Hayashi H, Morikawa T, Motoi F, Unno M. Silencing of LRRFIP1 enhances the sensitivity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells by activating JNK/c-Jun signaling. Pancreatology 2021; 21:771-778. [PMID: 33707114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells has been shown to closely associate with the survival and drug resistance of cancer cells. We recently provided evidence that Wnt signal activator leucine-rich repeat in flightless-1-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) regulates EMT in pancreatic cancer. LRRFIP1 silencing inhibits the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus, which led to reverse EMT in cancer cells. It was suggested that LRRFIP1 was implicated in gemcitabine sensitivity by regulating EMT signaling. METHODS Gemcitabine chemosensitivity was investigated in LRRFIP1-knockdown pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 and MIA Paca-2). In addition, the effects of LRRFIP1 knockdown on JNK/SAPK (stress activated-protein kinase) signaling and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS LRRFIP1 silencing accelerates gemcitabine-induced caspase activity and cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. It was also revealed that gemcitabine-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun were increased in LRRFIP1 knockdown cells. The activation of JNK/c-Jun in LRRFIP1-knockdown cells was significantly diminished by the inhibition of Rac activity. It was confirmed that the acquisition of gemcitabine sensitivity by LRRFIP1 silencing largely depends on the stimulation of JNK/SAPK (stress activated-protein kinase) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that reversing EMT and transient activation of JNK might be essential for the gemcitabine sensitivity in LRRFIP1 knockdown pancreatic cancer cells. Our discoveries highlight the potential role of LRRFIP1 in the chemosensitivity related to the regulation of EMT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kawasaki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Douchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ariake
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koji Fukase
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Xu C, Chen S, Xu M, Chen X, Wang X, Zhang H, Dong X, Zhang R, Chen X, Gao W, Huang S, Chen L. Cadmium Impairs Autophagy Leading to Apoptosis by Ca 2+-Dependent Activation of JNK Signaling Pathway in Neuronal Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2033-2045. [PMID: 34021889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a process for self-degradation of intracellular components and dysfunctional organelles, is closely related with neurodegenerative diseases. It has been shown that cadmium (Cd) induces neurotoxicity partly by impairing autophagy. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, we show that Cd induced expansion of autophagosomes with a concomitant abnormal expression of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins in PC12 cells and primary murine neurons. 3-MA, a classical inhibitor of autophagy, attenuated Cd-induced expansion of autophagosomes and apoptosis in the cells. Further investigation demonstrated that Cd activated JNK pathway contributing to autophagosome expansion-dependent neuronal apoptosis. This is supported by the findings that pharmacological inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or expression of dominant negative c-Jun markedly attenuated Cd-induced expansion of autophagosomes and abnormal expression of Atg proteins, as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells and/or primary neurons. Furthermore, we noticed that chelating intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) with BAPTA/AM profoundly blocked Cd-elicited activation of JNK pathway and consequential expansion of autophagosomes, abnormal expression of Atg proteins, and apoptosis in the neuronal cells. Similar events were also seen following prevention of [Ca2+]i elevation with EGTA or 2-APB, implying a Ca2+-dependent mechanism involved. Taken together, the results indicate that Cd impairs autophagy leading to apoptosis by Ca2+-dependent activation of JNK signaling pathway in neuronal cells. Our findings highlight that manipulation of intracellular Ca2+ level and/or JNK activity to ameliorate autophagy may be a promising intervention against Cd-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Pathak A, Clark S, Bronfman FC, Deppmann CD, Carter BD. Long-distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e382. [PMID: 32391977 PMCID: PMC7655682 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development proceeds via well-orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long-distance mode of communication. While long-distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long-distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long-distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long-distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shayla Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Departments of Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Alshamrani AA, Franklin JL. Membrane Depolarization Inhibits BIM EL Upregulation but Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis Primarily by Increasing Cellular GSH Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2284-2296. [PMID: 33417218 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF) die by apoptosis. Chronic depolarization with elevated concentrations of extracellular potassium ([K+]E) supports long-term survival of these and other types of neurons in culture. While depolarization has long been used to support neuronal cultures, little is known about the mechanism. We explored how chronic depolarization of NGF-deprived mouse sympathetic neurons in culture blocks apoptotic death. First, we determined the effects of elevated [K+]E on proapoptotic BH3-only proteins reported to be upregulated in sympathetic neurons after NGF withdrawal. Upregulation of BIMEL was blocked by depolarization while upregulation of PUMA was not. BMF levels did not increase after NGF withdrawal, and elevated [K+]E had no effect on its expression. dp5/HRK was not detectable. A large increase in production of mitochondria-derived reactive species (RS), including reactive oxygen species (ROS), occurs in NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons. Suppressing these RS prevents cytochrome c release from mitochondria and apoptosis. The addition of high [K+]E to cultures rapidly blocked increased RS and cytochrome c release. Elevated [K+]E caused an increase of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Preventing this increase prevented the elevated [K+]E from blocking cytochrome c release and death. While suppression of BIMEL upregulation by elevated [K+]E may contribute to high [K+]E pro-survival effects, we conclude that elevated [K+]E prevents apoptotic death of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons primarily via an antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - James L Franklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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The Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:257-272. [PMID: 33834404 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), impairment in growth factor signaling might be associated with the pathology of this illness. Current evidence demonstrates that impaired neuroplasticity induced by alterations of neurotrophic growth factors and related signaling pathways may be underlying to the pathophysiology of MDD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied neurotrophic factor involved in the neurobiology of MDD. Nevertheless, developing evidence has implicated other neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the MDD pathophysiology. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors and related signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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21
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Chen X, Wu W, Gong B, Hou L, Dong X, Xu C, Zhao R, Yu Q, Zhou Z, Huang S, Chen L. Metformin attenuates cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro via blocking ROS-dependent PP5/AMPK-JNK signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108065. [PMID: 32209321 PMCID: PMC7492486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic environment contaminant, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuronal apoptosis and consequential neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has recently received a great attention owing to its protection against neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known regarding the effect of metformin on Cd-induced neurotoxicity. Here we show that metformin effectively prevented Cd-evoked apoptotic cell death in neuronal cells, by suppressing Cd activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), which was attributed to blocking Cd inactivation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Inhibition of JNK with SP600125, knockdown of c-Jun, or overexpression of PP5 potentiated metformin's inhibitory effect on Cd-induced phosphorylation of JNK/c-Jun and apoptosis. Activation of AMPK with AICAR or ectopic expression of constitutively active AMPKα strengthened the inhibitory effects of metformin on Cd-induced phosphorylation of JNK/c-Jun and apoptosis, whereas expression of dominant negative AMPKα weakened these effects of metformin. Metformin repressed Cd-induced ROS, thereby diminishing cell death. N-acetyl-l-cysteine enhanced the inhibitory effects of metformin on Cd-induced ROS and apoptosis. Moreover, using Mito-TEMPO, we further demonstrated that metformin attenuated Cd-induced cell death by suppressing induction of mitochondrial ROS. Taken together, these results indicate that metformin prevents mitochondrial ROS inactivation of PP5 and AMPK, thus attenuating Cd-induced JNK activation and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Our data highlight that metformin may be a promising drug for prevention of Cd-induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Baoming Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Long Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qianyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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22
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Brennan A, Leech JT, Kad NM, Mason JM. Selective antagonism of cJun for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:184. [PMID: 32917236 PMCID: PMC7488417 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors modulate a diverse range of cellular signalling pathways into outputs which can be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic. The transcription of relevant genes is controlled by the cellular context, and in particular by the dimeric composition of AP-1. Here, we describe the evidence linking cJun in particular to a range of cancers. This includes correlative studies of protein levels in patient tumour samples and mechanistic understanding of the role of cJun in cancer cell models. This develops an understanding of cJun as a focal point of cancer-altered signalling which has the potential for therapeutic antagonism. Significant work has produced a range of small molecules and peptides which have been summarised here and categorised according to the binding surface they target within the cJun-DNA complex. We highlight the importance of selectively targeting a single AP-1 family member to antagonise known oncogenic function and avoid antagonism of anti-oncogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brennan
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James T Leech
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Neil M Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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23
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Li Y, Zhou A, Cui X, Zhang Y, Xie J. 6'"-p-Coumaroylspinosin protects PC12 neuronal cells from acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13321. [PMID: 32592426 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6'"-p-coumaroylspinosin (P-CS) is a flavonoid isolated from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), whereas, the antioxidative activity has not been reported. Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the main causes of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the antioxidative effect of P-CS on PC12 cells was determined. The cells were treated with acrylamide (AA) in the absence or presence of P-CS, and cell apoptosis was analyzed. Interestingly, P-CS pretreatment of the cells could significantly prevent AA-induced cell death, glutathione (GSH) contents decrease, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of P-CS on cell apoptosis revealed that P-CS was able to suppress the expression of Bax and Bim induced by AA and inhibit the JNKs pathway. Our findings support a role of P-CS in preventing neuronal cell apoptosis induced by AA, suggesting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as a medicinal supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxidative stress is believed to cause damage in subcellular organelles, nucleic acids, and alteration in protein aggregation as well as disruption of the signaling cascades associated with aging and apoptosis. A small molecule, non-poisonous natural antioxidant is needed to protect the brain from oxidative stress. Compared with western medicine, natural products carry less risk of adverse effects and are not too expensive, especially for the third-world countries. Furthermore, ZSS could be used to produce or prepare antioxidants, such as P-CS, which has been reported significant anti-oxidative activity in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xusheng Cui
- Shijiazhuang Yiling pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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24
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Prostaglandin E1 attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in proximal renal tubular cells by inhibiting the JNK/Bim pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:561-571. [PMID: 31685975 PMCID: PMC7471471 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal renal tubular damage is a critical process underlying diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our previous study shows that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduces the apoptosis of renal tubular cells in DKD rats. But its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we investigated the protective effects of PGE1 in DKD rats and high glucose (HG, 30 mM)-treated HK-2 proximal tubular cells. Four weeks after uninephrectomized streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were established, the DKD rats were administered PGE1 (10 µg· kg−1· d−1, iv.) for 10 consecutive days. We showed that PGE1 administration did not change blood glucose levels, but alleviated diabetic kidney injury in the DKD rats, evidenced by markedly reduced proteinuria and renal tubular apoptosis. In the in vitro experiments, PGE1 (0.1–100 µM) significantly enhanced HG-reduced HK-2 cell viability. In HG-treated HK-2 cells, PGE1 (10 µM) significantly suppressed the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expressions such as Bim, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3; similar changes were also observed in the kidney of PGE1-treated DKD rats. By using two pharmacological tools-JNK activator anisomycin (AM) and JNK inhibitor SP600125, we revealed that PGE1 blocked HG-triggered activation of JNK/Bim pathway in HK-2 cells; JNK was an upstream regulator of Bim. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the nephroprotective effects of PGE1 against apoptosis of proximal renal tubule in DKD rats via suppressing JNK-related Bim signaling pathway.
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Wang LY, Yu X, Li XX, Zhao YN, Wang CY, Wang ZY, He ZY. Catalpol Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:316. [PMID: 31849636 PMCID: PMC6889905 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory agents could reduce the risk or slow the progression of PD. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside extracted from the roots of Rehmannia radix, has been reported to reduce the release of inflammatory factors and exert neuroprotective effects. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice were used as the PD model and the roles of catalpol on DA neurons and its potential mechanism were investigated in this study. We found that catalpol administration mitigated the loss of DA neurons induced by MPTP and increased exploratory behavior along with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, which was accompanied by astrocyte and microglia activation. Importantly, catalpol administration significantly inhibited MPTP-triggered oxidative stress, restored growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Further, we found that catalpol suppressed the activation of MKK4/JNK/c-Jun signaling, and reduced the pro-inflammatory factors and inflammasome in the mouse model of PD. Our results suggest that catalpol relieves MPTP-triggered oxidative stress, which may benefit to avoid the occurrence of chronic inflammatory reaction. Catalpol alleviates MPTP-triggered oxidative stress and thereby prevents neurodegenerative diseases-related inflammatory reaction, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the management of PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yi He
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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miR-124 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104515. [PMID: 31707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, attributed to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains elusive, dysregulation of signaling pathways implicated in cell survival, apoptosis, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, contributes to its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MiR-124 is one of the most abundantly expressed miRs in the brain that participates in neurogenesis, synapse morphology, neurotransmission, inflammation, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Accumulating pre-clinical evidence shows that miR-124 may act through calpain 1/p25/cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (CDK5), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathways to regulate cell survival, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in PD. Moreover, clinical evidence indicates that reduced plasma miR-124 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in PD. This review provides an update of the pathogenic implication of miR-124 activity in PD and discusses its targeting potential for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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27
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Shen X, Zhao YF, Xu SQ, Wang L, Cao HM, Cao Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liang ZQ. Cathepsin L induced PC-12 cell apoptosis via activation of B-Myb and regulation of cell cycle proteins. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1394-1403. [PMID: 31444477 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL), a cysteine protease, is responsible for the degradation of a variety of proteins. It is known to participate in neuronal apoptosis associated with abnormal cell cycle. However, the mechanisms underlying CTSL-induced cell apoptosis remain largely unclear. We reported here that rotenone caused an activation of CTSL expression in PC-12 cells, while knockdown of CTSL by small interfering RNAs or its inhibitor reduced the rotenone-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, elevation of CTSL and increased-apoptosis were accompanied by induction of B-Myb, a crucial cell cycle regulator. We found that B-Myb was increased in rotenone-treated PC-12 cells and knockdown of B-Myb ameliorated rotenone-stimulated cell apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that CTSL influenced the expression of B-Myb as suppression of CTSL activity led to a decreased B-Myb expression, whereas overexpression of CTSL resulted in B-Myb induction. Reduction of B-Myb in CTSL-overexpressing cells revealed that regulation of cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin A and cyclin B1, through CTSL was mediated by the transcription factor B-Myb. In addition, we demonstrated that the B-Myb target, Bim, and its regulator, Egr-1, which was also associated with CTSL closely, were both involved in rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Our data not only revealed the role of CTSL in rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis, but also indicated the involvement of B-Myb in CTSL-related cell cycle regulation.
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28
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Peng BH, Wang T. West Nile Virus Induced Cell Death in the Central Nervous System. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040215. [PMID: 31683807 PMCID: PMC6963722 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne, single-stranded flavivirus, has caused annual outbreaks of viral encephalitis in the United States since 1999. The virus induces acute infection with a clinical spectrum ranging from a mild flu-like febrile symptom to more severe neuroinvasive conditions, including meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and death. Some WNV convalescent patients also developed long-term neurological sequelae. Neither the treatment of WNV infection nor an approved vaccine is currently available for humans. Neuronal death in the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark of WNV-induced meningitis and encephalitis. However, the underlying mechanisms of WNV-induced neuronal damage are not well understood. In this review, we discuss current findings from studies of WNV infection in vitro in the CNS resident cells and the in vivo animal models, and provide insights into WNV-induced neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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29
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Cai JH, Yeh TF, Wei HW, Liu IH. Temperature-induced embryonic diapause in blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) correlates with decreased mitochondrial-respiratory network and increased stress-response network. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2977-2988. [PMID: 30915476 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue-breasted quail has been recognized as a potential model animal. The aim of this study is to investigate the low-temperature-induced embryonic diapause in blue-breasted quail. To this end, the early embryonic staging in blue-breasted quail was briefly described and various incubation temperatures were tested. While the embryonic diapause in early blue-breasted quail embryos can be induced when the eggs were stored at 21°C, a lower temperature such as 16°C yielded a significantly better hatchability (P = 0.0231). Additionally, prolonged storage duration from 3, 7 to 14 d significantly reduced the hatchability (P < 0.0001). Visual examination on the unhatched eggs revealed that reduced hatchability in prolonged storage was significantly correlated with embryonic mortality during the first half of incubation period (R2 = 0.9999, P = 0.0055). High-throughput RNA sequencing with de novo assembly showed that a gene network cluster consisted of ND4, ND5, ND6, and COX3, which are components of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, was down-regulated in the cold-stored embryos, while a stress-responsive gene network cluster consisted of JUN, ATF3, and DUSP1 was up-regulated. Accordingly, cell death in the blastoderm was significantly increased as the storage duration prolonged from 3 to 10 d. Taken together, our study provided basic information on the temperature-induced embryonic diapause in blue-breasted quail. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis sheds light for the molecular basis on how blastoderm cells respond to the prolonged cold-stress and stay diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huei Cai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Yeh
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Wei Wei
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Hollville E, Romero SE, Deshmukh M. Apoptotic cell death regulation in neurons. FEBS J 2019; 286:3276-3298. [PMID: 31230407 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a major role in shaping the developing nervous system during embryogenesis as neuronal precursors differentiate to become post-mitotic neurons. However, once neurons are incorporated into functional circuits and become mature, they greatly restrict their capacity to die via apoptosis, thus allowing the mature nervous system to persist in a healthy and functional state throughout life. This robust restriction of the apoptotic pathway during neuronal differentiation and maturation is defined by multiple unique mechanisms that function to more precisely control and restrict the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, while these mechanisms are necessary for neuronal survival, mature neurons are still capable of activating the apoptotic pathway in certain pathological contexts. In this review, we highlight key mechanisms governing the survival of post-mitotic neurons, while also detailing the physiological and pathological contexts in which neurons are capable of overcoming this high apoptotic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selena E Romero
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7250, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Neuroscience Center, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7250, USA
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31
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Maduramicin induces apoptosis through ROS-PP5-JNK pathway in skeletal myoblast cells and muscle tissue. Toxicology 2019; 424:152239. [PMID: 31229567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has shown that maduramicin, an effective coccidiostat used in the poultry production, executed its toxicity by inducing apoptosis of skeletal myoblasts. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here we show that maduramicin induced apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in murine C2C12 and L6 myoblasts as well as skeletal muscle tissue. This is supported by the findings that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or ectopic expression of dominant negative c-Jun attenuated maduramicin-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, we found that treatment with maduramicin reduced the cellular protein level of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). Overexpression of PP5 substantially mitigated maduramicin-activated JNK and apoptosis. Moreover, we noticed that treatment with maduramicin elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger and antioxidant, suppressed maduramicin-induced inhibition of PP5 and activation of JNK as well as apoptosis. The results indicate that maduramicin induction of ROS inhibits PP5, which results in activation of JNK cascade, leading to apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells. Our finding suggests that manipulation of ROS-PP5-JNK pathway may be a potential approach to prevent maduramicin-induced apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle.
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32
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Singh PK, Roukounakis A, Weber A, Das KK, Sohm B, Villunger A, Garcia-Saez AJ, Häcker G. Dynein light chain binding determines complex formation and posttranslational stability of the Bcl-2 family members Bmf and Bim. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:434-450. [PMID: 31189926 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only class of Bcl-2 family proteins triggers mitochondrial apoptosis. Several mechanisms are used to restrain the pro-apoptotic activity of these proteins. Dynein light chain (DYNLL) 1 and 2 has been proposed to negatively regulate the activity of Bim and Bmf, respectively, and the Bim-DYNLL1 interaction leads to the formation of large protein complexes on mitochondria. Here we found that Bim and Bmf interact with both isoforms of DYNLL (DYNLL1 and DYNLL2). DYNLL1/2 not only induced homo-dimerization of Bim and Bmf but also led to the formation of ternary complexes (Bim-DYNLL-Bmf), both in cell-free and in cellular systems. DYNLL-induced oligomerization stabilized Bmf in cultured cells and inhibited its degradation by the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome in a cell-free system. Surprisingly, overexpression of wild-type Bmf but not of a DYNLL-binding-deficient mutant induced degradation of endogenous Bim in different cell lines, but both variants sensitized to apoptosis. Mutant Bmf incapable of interacting with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and of inducing apoptosis still caused Bim degradation. These results suggest that Bmf overexpression-induced Bim degradation is not due to the displacement of Bim from anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins but a direct consequence of the modulation of Bim-DYNLL association. A peptide derived from the DYNLL-binding domain of Bim also led to the degradation of Bim as well as of its preferred binding partner Mcl-1. Thus DYNLL regulates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by determining the stability of Bmf, Bim, and Mcl-1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Singh
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aristomenis Roukounakis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnim Weber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kushal Kumar Das
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benedicte Sohm
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Bai Y, Liu X, Qi X, Liu X, Peng F, Li H, Fu H, Pei S, Chen L, Chi X, Zhang L, Zhu X, Song Y, Wang Y, Meng S, Jiang T, Shao S. PDIA6 modulates apoptosis and autophagy of non-small cell lung cancer cells via the MAP4K1/JNK signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:311-325. [PMID: 30922965 PMCID: PMC6491656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with a poor prognosis. We previously found that protein disulfide isomerase family 6 (PDIA6) is upregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical relevance, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of PDIA6 in NSCLC. METHODS The expression of PDIA6 in NSCLC was assessed using the TCGA database, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Correlations of PDIA6 expression with clinicopathological and survival features were evaluated. The functions of PDIA6 in regulating NSCLC cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy were investigated using gain-and loss-of-function strategies in vitro or in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms of PDIA6 function were examined by human phospho-kinase array and co-immunoprecipitation. FINDINGS PDIA6 expression was upregulated in NSCLC compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the higher PDIA6 expression was correlated with poor prognosis. PDIA6 knockdown decreased NSCLC cell proliferation and increased cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis, while PDIA6 overexpression had the opposite effects. In addition, PDIA6 regulated cisplatin-induced autophagy, and this contributed to PDIA6-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PDIA6 reduced the phosphorylation levels of JNK and c-Jun. Moreover, PDIA6 interacted with MAP4K1 and inhibited its phosphorylation, ultimately inhibiting the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. INTERPRETATION PDIA6 is overexpressed in NSCLC and inhibits cisplatin-induced NSCLC cell apoptosis and autophagy via the MAP4K1/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway, suggesting that PDIA6 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC patients. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China and Institutions of higher learning of innovation team from Liaoning province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shimei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinbing Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Choi H, Kim C, Song H, Cha MY, Cho HJ, Son SM, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos promotes neuronal cell death. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12872. [PMID: 30515991 PMCID: PMC6351842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O-GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos and the effects of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced O-GlcNAcylation on serine-56 and 57 of c-Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c-Fos and O-GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c-Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Hu K, Huang Q, Liu C, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Li M, Ma S. c-Jun/Bim Upregulation in Dopaminergic Neurons Promotes Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 399:117-124. [PMID: 30590105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim has been reported to be involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration of experimental PD. However, an in situ expression profile of Bim in PD has not been performed, and the cell types of which Bim accounts for PD pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we report with in situ observations that Bim is transcriptionally induced in the dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc in 1-methyl-4-pheny-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. To investigate the precise role of Bim in the dopaminergic neurons in parkinsonian neuronal death, we obtained dopaminergic neuron-specific Bim null (Bim△Dat) mice. Bim△Dat mice are shown to be resistant to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, confirming that the induction of Bim in dopaminergic neurons is responsible for parkinsonian neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrated with dopaminergic neuron-specific c-Jun knockout (c-Jun△Dat) that the transcriptional upregulation of Bim of nigral dopaminergic neurons was c-Jun-dependent and further validated the detrimental role of c-Jun in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Together, these data specify that c-Jun-mediated Bim upregulation in nigral dopaminergic neurons contributes to parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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A MAPK/c-Jun-mediated switch regulates the initial adaptive and cell death responses to mitochondrial damage in a neuronal cell model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:73-86. [PMID: 30236993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with PD although it is not fully understood how neurons respond to these stresses. How adaptive and apoptotic neuronal stress response pathways are regulated and the thresholds at which they are activated remains ambiguous. Utilising SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that MAPK/AP-1 pathways are critical in regulating the response to mitochondrial uncoupling. Here we found the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun can act in either a pro- or anti-apoptotic manner, depending on the level of stress. JNK-mediated cell death in differentiated cells only occurred once a threshold of stress was surpassed. We also identified a novel feedback loop between Parkin activity and the c-Jun response, suggesting defective mitophagy may initiate MAPK/c-Jun-mediated neuronal loss observed in PD. Our data supports the hypothesis that blocking cell death pathways upstream of c-Jun as a therapeutic target in PD may not be appropriate due to crossover of the pro- and anti-apoptotic responses. Boosting adaptive responses or targeting specific aspects of the neuronal death response may therefore represent more viable therapeutic strategies.
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37
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Girnius N, Davis RJ. JNK Promotes Epithelial Cell Anoikis by Transcriptional and Post-translational Regulation of BH3-Only Proteins. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1910-1921. [PMID: 29141222 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental morphogenesis, tissue injury, and oncogenic transformation can cause the detachment of epithelial cells. These cells are eliminated by a specialized form of apoptosis (anoikis). While the processes that contribute to this form of cell death have been studied, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the role of the cJUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway using murine models with compound JNK deficiency in mammary and kidney epithelial cells. These studies demonstrated that JNK is required for efficient anoikis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, JNK-promoted anoikis required pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family of proteins. We show that JNK acts through a BAK/BAX-dependent apoptotic pathway by increasing BIM expression and phosphorylating BMF, leading to death of detached epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomeda Girnius
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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38
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Girnius N, Edwards YJK, Davis RJ. The cJUN NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway contributes to mouse mammary gland remodeling during involution. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1702-1715. [PMID: 29511338 PMCID: PMC6143629 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Involution returns the lactating mammary gland to a quiescent state after weaning. The mechanism of involution involves collapse of the mammary epithelial cell compartment. To test whether the cJUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway contributes to involution, we established mice with JNK deficiency in the mammary epithelium. We found that JNK is required for efficient involution. JNK deficiency did not alter the STAT3/5 or SMAD2/3 signaling pathways that have been previously implicated in this process. Nevertheless, JNK promotes the expression of genes that drive involution, including matrix metalloproteases, cathepsins, and BH3-only proteins. These data demonstrate that JNK has a key role in mammary gland involution post lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomeda Girnius
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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39
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Li Y, Ren M, Wang X, Cui X, Zhao H, Zhao C, Zhou J, Guo Y, Hu Y, Yan C, Berk B, Wang J. Glutaredoxin 1 mediates the protective effect of steady laminar flow on endothelial cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via inhibiting Bim. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15539. [PMID: 29138498 PMCID: PMC5686153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Several antioxidant enzymes which can cope with oxidative stress are up-regulated by the anti-atherogenic laminar blood flow often seen in straight or unbranched regions of blood vessels. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for flow-induced beneficial effects is incompletely understood. Here we report the role of glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), an antioxidant enzyme, in flow-mediated protective effect in endothelial cells. Specifically, we found that Grx1 is markedly up-regulated by the steady laminar flow. Increasing Grx1 reduces the pro-apoptotic protein Bim expression through regulating Akt-FoxO1 signaling and also attenuates H2O2-induced Bim activation via inhibiting JNK phosphorylation, subsequently preventing the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Grx1 knockdown abolishes the inhibitory effect of steady laminar flow on Bim. The inhibitory effect of Grx1 on Bim is dependent on Grx1's thioltransferase activity. These findings indicate that Grx1 induction plays a key role in mediating the protective effect of laminar blood flow and suggest that Grx1 may be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University school of medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xingxing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chuanrong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Bradford Berk
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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40
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Shukla S, Saxena S, Singh BK, Kakkar P. BH3-only protein BIM: An emerging target in chemotherapy. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:728-738. [PMID: 29100606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3-only proteins constitute major proportion of pro-apoptotic members of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of apoptotic regulatory proteins and participate in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immunity. Absence of BH3-only proteins contributes to autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis. Bim (Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death), most important member of BH3-only proteins, shares a BH3-only domain (9-16 aa) among 4 domains (BH1-BH4) of Bcl-2 family proteins and highly pro-apoptotic in nature. Bim initiates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and patho-physiological conditions. Reduction in Bim expression was found to be associated with tumor promotion and autoimmunity, while overexpression inhibited tumor growth and drug resistance as cancer cells suppress Bim expression and stability. Apart from its role in normal homeostasis, Bim has emerged as a central player in regulation of tumorigenesis, therefore gaining attention as a plausible target for chemotherapy. Regulation of Bim expression and stability is complicated and regulated at multiple levels viz. transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational (preferably by phosphorylation and ubiquitination), epigenetic (by promoter acetylation or methylation) including miRNAs. Furthermore, control over Bim expression and stability may be exploited to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, overcome drug resistance and select anticancer drug regimen as various chemotherapeutic agents exploit Bim as an executioner of cell death. Owing to its potent anti-tumorigenic activity many BH3 mimetics e.g. ABT-737, ABT-263, obatoclax, AT-101and A-1210477 have been developed and entered in clinical trials. It is more likely that in near future strategies commanding Bim expression and stability ultimately lead to Bim based therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunajay Shukla
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sugandh Saxena
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, No 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India.
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41
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Feinberg K, Kolaj A, Wu C, Grinshtein N, Krieger JR, Moran MF, Rubin LL, Miller FD, Kaplan DR. A neuroprotective agent that inactivates prodegenerative TrkA and preserves mitochondria. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3655-3675. [PMID: 28877995 PMCID: PMC5674898 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pan-kinase inhibitor foretinib is identified as a potent suppressor of sympathetic, sensory, and motor neuron axon degeneration, acting in part by inhibiting the activity of the unliganded TrkA/nerve growth factor receptor and by preserving mitochondria in die-back and Wallerian degeneration models. Axon degeneration is an early event and pathological in neurodegenerative conditions and nerve injuries. To discover agents that suppress neuronal death and axonal degeneration, we performed drug screens on primary rodent neurons and identified the pan-kinase inhibitor foretinib, which potently rescued sympathetic, sensory, and motor wt and SOD1 mutant neurons from trophic factor withdrawal-induced degeneration. By using primary sympathetic neurons grown in mass cultures and Campenot chambers, we show that foretinib protected neurons by suppressing both known degenerative pathways and a new pathway involving unliganded TrkA and transcriptional regulation of the proapoptotic BH3 family members BimEL, Harakiri,and Puma, culminating in preservation of mitochondria in the degenerative setting. Foretinib delayed chemotherapy-induced and Wallerian axonal degeneration in culture by preventing axotomy-induced local energy deficit and preserving mitochondria, and peripheral Wallerian degeneration in vivo. These findings identify a new axon degeneration pathway and a potentially clinically useful therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Feinberg
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adelaida Kolaj
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Natalie Grinshtein
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Oben KZ, Alhakeem SS, McKenna MK, Brandon JA, Mani R, Noothi SK, Jinpeng L, Akunuru S, Dhar SK, Singh IP, Liang Y, Wang C, Abdel-Latif A, Stills HF, St Clair DK, Geiger H, Muthusamy N, Tohyama K, Gupta RC, Bondada S. Oxidative stress-induced JNK/AP-1 signaling is a major pathway involved in selective apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome cells by Withaferin-A. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77436-77452. [PMID: 29100399 PMCID: PMC5652791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic cell morphology in one or more hematopoietic lineages, and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately 50% of MDS patients respond to current FDA-approved drug therapies but a majority of responders relapse within 2-3 years. There is therefore a compelling need to identify potential new therapies for MDS treatment. We utilized the MDS-L cell line to investigate the anticancer potential and mechanisms of action of a plant-derived compound, Withaferin A (WFA), in MDS. WFA was potently cytotoxic to MDS-L cells but had no significant effect on the viability of normal human primary bone marrow cells. WFA also significantly reduced engraftment of MDS-L cells in a xenotransplantation model. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated JNK/AP-1 signaling as a major pathway mediating apoptosis of MDS-L cells by WFA. We conclude that the molecular mechanism mediating selective cytotoxicity of WFA on MDS-L cells is strongly associated with induction of ROS. Therefore, pharmacologic manipulation of redox biology could be exploited as a selective therapeutic target in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Z Oben
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sara S Alhakeem
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mary K McKenna
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jason A Brandon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Rajeswaran Mani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Liu Jinpeng
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shailaja Akunuru
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sanjit K Dhar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Inder P Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Harold F Stills
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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43
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Guo F, Zhao W, Yang L, Yang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang J. Truncated apolipoprotein C-I induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma by activating caspases in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1797-1805. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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44
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Waetzig V, Belzer M, Haeusgen W, Boehm R, Cascorbi I, Herdegen T. Crosstalk control and limits of physiological c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity for cell viability and neurite stability in differentiated PC12 cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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45
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Enteric glial cells counteract Clostridium difficile Toxin B through a NADPH oxidase/ROS/JNK/caspase-3 axis, without involving mitochondrial pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45569. [PMID: 28349972 PMCID: PMC5368562 DOI: 10.1038/srep45569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are components of the intestinal epithelial barrier essential for regulating the enteric nervous system. Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated colitis, toxin B (TcdB) being the major virulence factor, due to its ability to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier and to act on other cell types. Here we investigated TcdB effects on EGCs and the activated molecular mechanisms. Already at 2 hours, TcdB triggered ROS formation originating from NADPH-oxidase, as demonstrated by their reduction in the presence of the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor ML171. Although EGCs mitochondria support almost completely the cellular ATP need, TcdB exerted weak effects on EGCs in terms of ATP and mitochondrial functionality, mitochondrial ROS production occurring as a late event. ROS activated the JNK signalling and overexpression of the proapoptotic Bim not followed by cytochrome c or AIF release to activate the downstream apoptotic cascade. EGCs underwent DNA fragmentation through activation of the ROS/JNK/caspase-3 axis, evidenced by the ability of ML171, N-acetylcysteine, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 to inhibit caspase-3 or to contrast apoptosis. Therefore, TcdB aggressiveness towards EGCs is mainly restricted to the cytosolic compartment, which represents a peculiar feature, since TcdB primarily influences mitochondria in other cellular types.
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Xu C, Wang X, Gu C, Zhang H, Zhang R, Dong X, Liu C, Hu X, Ji X, Huang S, Chen L. Celastrol ameliorates Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting NOX2-derived ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway. J Neurochem 2017; 141:48-62. [PMID: 28129433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol, a plant-derived triterpene, has neuroprotective benefit in the models of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we have reported that cadmium (Cd) activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway leading to neuronal cell death by inducing ROS inactivation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), and celastrol prevents Cd-activated JNK pathway against neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that celastrol could hinder Cd induction of ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway from apoptosis in neuronal cells. Here, we show that celastrol attenuated Cd-induced expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and its regulatory proteins (p22phox , p40phox , p47phox , p67phox , and Rac1), as well as the generation of ROS in PC12 cells and primary neurons. Also, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, potentiated celastrol's inhibition of the events in the cells triggered by Cd, implying neuroprotection by celastrol via blocking Cd-evoked NOX2-derived ROS. Further research revealed that celastrol was involved in the regulation of PP5 inactivation and JNK/c-Jun activation induced by Cd, as celastrol prevented Cd from reducing PP5 expression, and over-expression of wild-type PP5 or dominant negative c-Jun strengthened celastrol's inhibition of Cd-induced phosphorylation of JNK and/or c-Jun, as well as apoptosis in neuronal cells. Of importance, inhibiting NOX2 with apocynin or silencing NOX2 by RNA interference enhanced the inhibitory effects of celastrol on Cd-induced inactivation of PP5, activation of JNK/c-Jun, ROS, and apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, we noticed that expression of wild-type PP5 or dominant negative c-Jun, or pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 reinforced celastrol's suppression of Cd-induced NOX2 and its regulatory proteins, and consequential ROS in neuronal cells. These findings indicate that celastrol ameliorates Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis via targeting NOX2-derived ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway. Our data highlight a beneficial role of celastrol in the prevention of Cd-induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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You F, Li Q, Jin G, Zheng Y, Chen J, Yang H. Genistein protects against Aβ 25-35 induced apoptosis of PC12 cells through JNK signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family messengers. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:12. [PMID: 28081713 PMCID: PMC5234099 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deposition of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysfunction and apoptosis of neurons. The isoflavone phytoestrogen compound genistein (Gen) exerts a significant protective effect against Aβ25–35 induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying Gen’s rescue remain elusive. Therefore we endeavored to research further the molecular mechanisms underlying Gen’s inhibition of Aβ25–35 induced apoptosis of neurons. Results We found that Gen dramatically suppressed the activation by Aβ25–35 of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and also inhibited the JNK-dependent decreased of Bcl-w and increased of Bim. Furthermore, Gen significantly reduced the cytoplasmic concentrations of cytochrome c and Smac protein as well as caspase-3 activity. Additionally, pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 effectively suppressed Aβ25–35 induced PC12 cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion Taken together, the results suggested that Gen protects PC12 cells from Aβ25–35 induced neurotoxicity by interfering with p-JNK activation, thus attenuating the JNK-dependent apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. These findings constitute novel insights into the pathway for Aβ25–35 toxicity, and the neuroprotective action of Gen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0329-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuling You
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifang Jin
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojie Zheng
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Basic Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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48
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Maes ME, Schlamp CL, Nickells RW. BAX to basics: How the BCL2 gene family controls the death of retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57:1-25. [PMID: 28064040 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the principal consequence of injury to the optic nerve. For several decades, we have understood that the RGC death process was executed by apoptosis, suggesting that there may be ways to therapeutically intervene in this cell death program and provide a more direct treatment to the cells and tissues affected in diseases like glaucoma. A major part of this endeavor has been to elucidate the molecular biological pathways active in RGCs from the point of axonal injury to the point of irreversible cell death. A major component of this process is the complex interaction of members of the BCL2 gene family. Three distinct family members of proteins orchestrate the most critical junction in the apoptotic program of RGCs, culminating in the activation of pro-apoptotic BAX. Once active, BAX causes irreparable damage to mitochondria, while precipitating downstream events that finish off a dying ganglion cell. This review is divided into two major parts. First, we summarize the extent of knowledge of how BCL2 gene family proteins interact to facilitate the activation and function of BAX. This area of investigation has rapidly changed over the last few years and has yielded a dramatically different mechanistic understanding of how the intrinsic apoptotic program is run in mammalian cells. Second, we provided a comprehensive analysis of nearly two decades of investigation of the role of BAX in the process of RGC death, much of which has provided many important insights into the overall pathophysiology of diseases like glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Maes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassandra L Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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49
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Protein Kinases and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091585. [PMID: 27657053 PMCID: PMC5037850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the lack of new drug candidates for the treatment of major neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease has intensified the search for drugs that can be repurposed or repositioned for such treatment. Typically, the search focuses on drugs that have been approved and are used clinically for other indications. Kinase inhibitors represent a family of popular molecules for the treatment and prevention of various cancers, and have emerged as strong candidates for such repurposing because numerous serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the pathobiology of Parkinson’s disease. This review focuses on various kinase-dependent pathways associated with the expression of Parkinson’s disease pathology, and evaluates how inhibitors of these pathways might play a major role as effective therapeutic molecules.
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50
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Feng Y, Xue H, Zhu J, Yang L, Zhang F, Qian R, Lin W, Wang Y. ESE1 is Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2752-2762. [PMID: 27350582 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis induced by the over-activation of microglia during neuroinflammation contributes to the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases. ESE1 regulates apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis via accelerating NF-κB activation. NF-κB activation participates in neuronal apoptosis. However, the expression and functions of ESE1 in neuronal apoptosis during CNS inflammatory response remain unclear. In present study, ESE1 expression significantly increased in cerebral cortex after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular injection. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that ESE1 was located in neurons. Furthermore, there was a concomitant up-regulation of apoptotic markers including active caspase-3, BAX and decreased expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. In vitro, ESE1 depletion in cortical primary neurons inhibited active caspase-3 and BAX expression as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with up-regulation of Bcl-2, while ESE1 overexpression can exert opposite effects, indicating that ESE1 promoted neuronal apoptosis induced by LPS or LPS exposed microglia conditioned media (CM). ESE1 accelerated NF-κB activation in neurons with CM treatment. Collectively, all these data suggested that ESE1 might boost neuronal apoptosis during neuroinflammation via up-regulating NF-κB activation. These findings have implications on the potential target of ESE1 in CNS inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaqing Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Likun Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Army's Traumatic Brain Injury Center, No.101 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu Province, China.
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