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Ma J, Li Q, Wang T, Lu H, Liu J, Cai R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie X, Su J. A comprehensive review of Shengdeng in Tibetan medicine: textual research, herbal and botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1303902. [PMID: 38174223 PMCID: PMC10762315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
"Shengdeng", a group of Tibetan medicines with diverse biological origins, has long been utilized in Tibet for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It showcases remarkable efficacy in alleviating rheumatism, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. This study aimed to clarify the plant species used as "Shengdeng" and summarize their botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology to promote its utilization and development. "Shengdeng" is derived from a remarkable collection of 14 plant species belonging to six distinct families. Extensive phytochemical investigations have led to the identification of 355 chemical constituents within "Shengdeng". Pharmacological studies conducted on "Shengdeng" have revealed a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities. Notably, flavonoids and triterpenoids emerge as the predominant groups among these constituents, contributing to the therapeutic potential and diverse applications of "Shengdeng". The present review provides a concise summary of the recent advancements in textual research concerning the herbal and botanical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of "Shengdeng". It is crucial to note that future research on "Shengdeng" should prioritize the analysis of its active ingredients and the establishment of rigorous quality standards. These aspects are essential for ensuring consistency, efficacy, and safety in its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rangji Cai
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinsong Su
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li R, Chen YS, Bi DW, Wei Q, Zhou YL, Qiu X, Zhang RH, Zhang XJ, Xiao WL, Li HL, Li XL. Two new compounds from Verbena bonariensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36272136 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2131550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds verboncin A (1) and verboncin B (4) and 14 known compounds (2-3 and 5-16) were isolated from Verbena bonariensis, and these 14 compounds were first obtained from this plant. Their chemical structures were established by one and two-dimensional NMR and HRESIMS analysis and the results were compared with literature values. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculating electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The cytotoxicity of some of the compounds against MCF-7, HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and SW620 human cancer cell lines were evaluated, in which compound 4 showed negligible cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 68.08 ± 0.35 µM against the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan-Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - De-Wen Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology and School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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Li H, Kang M, Sun S, Gao J, Jia Z, Cao X. Cloning and expressions of chop in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and its response to hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:659-668. [PMID: 35396647 PMCID: PMC8993585 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C/EBP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein]-homologous protein gene (chop) which plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis was investigated here by RACE and qPCR in an aquaculture animal for the first time. The full-length cDNA sequence of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) chop was 2533 bp, encoding 266 amino acids. The expression level of loach chop changed during different early life stages, with the highest expression at the 8-cell stage. Among different tissues, loach chop predominantly was expressed in gill, spleen, and gonad. We performed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, a common-used disinfectant) stress trial to explore the role of loach chop, with three different concentrations (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) of H2O2. The 100-μM dose was lethal for half the population but the other concentrations did not result in mortality. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in loach gill, liver, and spleen decreased with extended stress time and increased H2O2 concentration. The expression levels of gill chop in loaches from the 100-μM group were significantly higher than those from the other two treatment groups at 12 and 24 h of exposure. atf4 and bax, two proapoptotic genes, were significantly upregulated in gills of loaches from the 100-μM group compared to the other two groups 18 h and 24 h after treatment. bcl2, an antiapoptotic gene, presented an opposite trend. These results indicated a close relationship between H2O2 stress and fish apoptosis with loach chop playing an important role in H2O2 stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minxin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, No. 42 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Zang E, Qiu B, Chen N, Li C, Liu Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li M. Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge: A Review on Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708549. [PMID: 34526898 PMCID: PMC8435727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) is a native Chinese plant with promising applications as a biofuel feedstock and a source of novel drugs. Historical records and documents from different periods have mentioned the use of X. sorbifolium and its botanical constituents in treating diseases, highlighting its central role in Chinese and Mongolian traditional medicinal therapies. Phytochemical research has focused on the husks, leaves, trunks, and branches of this herb. A total of 278 chemical compounds have been isolated and divided into 8 categories: triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroids, phenols, fatty acids, alkaloids, and quinones. Modern pharmacological studies on X. sorbifolium have demonstrated positive effects on learning and memory, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the available research on X. sorbifolium, focusing on the relationship between chemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects. We also assess the potential for therapeutic and other applications of this plant in support of further research and development of X. sorbifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhuan Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Namuhan Chen
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou, China
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5
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Zheng D, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhu L, Jin M, Wang L, Liu J, Lei J, Li Z. Self-Assembled pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Based on Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide-Methotrexate Conjugates for the Co-delivery of Anti-tumor Drugs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3764-3773. [PMID: 34213326 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In tumor therapy, polymer nanoparticles are ideal drug delivery materials because they can mask the disadvantages of anti-tumor drugs such as poor solubility in water, high toxicity, and side effects. However, most polymer-based nanoparticles do not themselves have anti-tumor properties. Herein, a novel pH-sensitive nanoparticle drug delivery system based on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), which have demonstrated anti-tumor activities, was designed to enable the delivery of methotrexate (MTX) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) to tumor cells, where they could exert synergistic anti-tumor effects. The prepared nanoparticles were irregularly spherical in shape with a uniform particle size of ∼190 nm, and they exhibited a high drug-loading capacity (MTX 21.5% and HCPT 22.6%) and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the loaded MTX and HCPT units were rapidly released under acidic conditions within the tumor cells while remaining stable under normal physiological conditions. Meanwhile, compared to free MTX and HCPT, the GLP-APBA-MTX/HCPT nanoparticles presented exhibited better tumor suppressive effects and fewer side effects in vivo, which indicates that they may be an effective anti-tumor treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liyu Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengchen Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiandu Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonglong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Dongdan Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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6
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Liu X, Fan Y, Du L, Mei Z, Fu Y. In Silico and In Vivo Studies on the Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine Formula (Gegen Qinlian Decoction) in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665102. [PMID: 34177580 PMCID: PMC8232523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a Chinese botanical formula, has exhibited beneficial efficacy against UC. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of GQD still remain to be elucidated. In this study, network pharmacology approach and molecular docking in silico were applied to uncover the potential multicomponent synergetic effect and molecular mechanisms. The targets of ingredients in GQD were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) database, while the UC targets were retrieved from Genecards, therapeutic target database (TTD) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The topological parameters of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) data were used to screen the hub targets in the network. The possible mechanisms were investigated with gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding affinity between the active compounds and hub targets. Network pharmacology analysis successfully identified 77 candidate compounds and 56 potential targets. The targets were further mapped to 20 related pathways to construct a compound-target-pathway network and an integrated network of GQD treating UC. Among these pathways, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, VEGF, Ras, and TNF signaling pathways may exert important effects in the treatment of UC via inflammation suppression and anti-carcinogenesis. In the animal experiment, treatment with GQD and sulfasalazine (SASP) both ameliorated inflammation in UC. The proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) induced by UC were significantly decreased by GQD and SASP. Moreover, the protein expression of EGFR, PI3K, and phosphorylation of AKT were reduced after GQD and SASP treatment, and there was no significance between the GQD group and SASP group. Our study systematically dissected the molecular mechanisms of GQD on the treatment of UC using network pharmacology, as well as uncovered the therapeutic effects of GQD against UC through ameliorating inflammation via downregulating EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Institute of Basic Theory for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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Norcantharidin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis via activation of ERK and JNK, but not p38 signaling in human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:267-278. [PMID: 33151174 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is generally acknowledged as the most resistant primary malignancy unresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a therapeutic compound derived from medicinal plants, has been shown to trigger apoptosis, as well as antimetastatic and antioxidant activities in several tumor cells. However, NCTD's mechanism of antitumor activity in the RCC cell line remains unclear. In this study, we report that NCTD led to a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. It had also markedly induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing the expressions of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, cyclin B1, and pCDC25C while increasing active caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, P21, and pCDC2 levels. Interestingly, NCTD treatment provoked the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not of p38 MAPK. Moreover, SCH772984 and SP600125, ERK and JNK inhibitors, respectively, could partially abolish NCTD-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings suggest that NCTD might activate JNK and ERK signaling pathways, consequently inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest through the modulation of related proteins. This study provided evidence that NCTD is a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of RCC.
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Junren C, Xiaofang X, Huiqiong Z, Gangmin L, Yanpeng Y, Xiaoyu C, Yuqing G, Yanan L, Yue Z, Fu P, Cheng P. Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Hirudin and Its Derivatives - A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660757. [PMID: 33935784 PMCID: PMC8085555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirudin, an acidic polypeptide secreted by the salivary glands of Hirudo medicinalis (also known as "Shuizhi" in traditional Chinese medicine), is the strongest natural specific inhibitor of thrombin found so far. Hirudin has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-thrombotic effect in previous studies. Recently, increasing researches have focused on the anti-thrombotic activity of the derivatives of hirudin, mainly because these derivatives have stronger antithrombotic activity and lower bleeding risk. Additionally, various bioactivities of hirudin have been reported as well, including wound repair effect, anti-fibrosis effect, effect on diabetic complications, anti-tumor effect, anti-hyperuricemia effect, effect on cerebral hemorrhage, and others. Therefore, by collecting and summarizing publications from the recent two decades, the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, novel preparations and derivatives, as well as toxicity of hirudin were systematically reviewed in this paper. In addition, the clinical application, the underlying mechanisms of pharmacological effects, the dose-effect relationship, and the development potential in new drug research of hirudin were discussed on the purpose of providing new ideas for application of hirudin in treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Junren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xie Xiaofang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Huiqiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Gangmin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Yanpeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cao Xiaoyu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Yuqing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yanan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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You Z, Chen L, Xu H, Huang Y, Wu J, Wu J. Influence of Anemia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergo Hysteromyoma Surgery. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:786070. [PMID: 34901161 PMCID: PMC8662362 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.786070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a common disease in aging population. This study aims to compare the influence of different degrees of anemia on the cognitive function of patients undergo hysteromyoma surgery. Sixty-one patients aged 18-60 years who underwent uterine fibroid surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from March 2019 to December 2020 were selected for this study. Patients were divided into three groups: group normal (Group N, patients have no anemia), group of mild anemia (Group Mi, patients have mild anemia) and group of moderate anemia (Group Mo, patients had moderate anemia). Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were administered. Cognitive function tests were performed 1 day before the surgery and repeated at the 5th and 30th days after surgery. Peripheral venous blood samples from patients were collected before the surgery, right after surgery and at the 24th and 72nd hours after surgery. The contents of S-100β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum samples were determined by ELISA. It was found that there were no significant differences in general characteristics of patients among Group N, Group Mi and Group Mo (p > 0.05). Nine patients developed postoperative cognitive dysfunction after surgery, and the incidence was 14.75% (9/61). The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was 40% in Group Mo, which was higher than that in Group N and Group Mi. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Inflammatory factors in patients with POCD were higher in post-surgery than before-surgery (p < 0.05), while there was no statistical significance in the difference of inflammatory factors of patients without POCD before and after surgery (p > 0.05). Taken together, this study suggested that moderate anemia could be a risk factor of POCD in patients undergoing hysteromyoma surgeries. This study will help surgeons developing measures for preventing the occurrence of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lesi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Quality Control Department, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yidan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Wu, ; Jiaxuan Wu,
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Wu, ; Jiaxuan Wu,
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10
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Luo CH, Ma LL, Liu HM, Liao W, Xu RC, Ci ZM, Lin JZ, Han L, Zhang DK. Research Progress on Main Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Improved by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556885. [PMID: 33013395 PMCID: PMC7516165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia has become a major threat to worldwide public health, having rapidly spread to more than 180 countries and infecting over 1.6 billion people. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the most common initial symptoms of COVID-19, while some patients experience diarrhea rather than fever in the early stage. Many herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can significantly improve these symptoms, cure the patients experiencing a mild 22form of the illness, reduce the rate of transition from mild to severe disease, and reduce mortality. Therefore, this paper summarizes the physiopathological mechanisms of fever, cough, fatigue and diarrhea, and introduces Chinese herbal medicines (Ephedrae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines (Shuang-huang-lian, Ma-xing-gan-shi-tang, etc.) with their corresponding therapeutic effects. Emphasis was placed on their material basis, mechanism of action, and clinical research. Most of these medicines possess the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunity-enhancement, and may be promising medicines for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-hong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-chun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-min Ci
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-zhi Lin
- Central Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhu N, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Du Q, Hao P, Li J, Cao X, Li L. Berberine Protects Against Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced H9C2 Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis In Vitro and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis In Vivo by Regulating the Mitophagy-Mediated HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:367. [PMID: 32292345 PMCID: PMC7120539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has a variety of pharmacological activities and is widely used in Asian countries. However, the clinical application of BBR still lacks scientific basis, what protective mechanism of BBR against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). In vitro experiments, BBR pretreatment regulated autophagy-related protein expression, induced cell proliferation and autophagosome formation, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) increase in H9C2 cells. In vivo experiments, BBR reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and markedly decreased myocardial enzyme (CK-MB, LDH, and AST) activity-induced I/R. In addition, upon BNIP3 knockdown, the regulatory effects of BBR on the above indicators were weakened both in H9C2 cells and in vivo. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays indicated that BBR mediated BNIP3 expression by enhancing the binding of HIF-1α to the BNIP3 promoter. BBR protects against myocardial I/R injury by inducing cardiomyocytes proliferation, inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and inducing the mitophagy-mediated HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway. Thus, BBR may serve as a novel therapeutic drug for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Henan Provincial Research Center of Natural Medicine Extraction and Medical Technology Application Engineering, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiubo Du
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial Key Lab for Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial Key Lab for Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial Key Lab for Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Discipline Construction, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Liu M, Gong X, Quan Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Peng C. A Cell-Based Metabonomics Approach to Investigate the Varied Influences of Chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-Glucoside With Different Concentrations on L-02 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1530. [PMID: 30687094 PMCID: PMC6333758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different concentrations of chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside (C-8-O-β-D-glu) on L-02 liver cells were analyzed by high content analysis (HCA) and metabonomics to explore the potential mechanism involved. The results showed that low concentrations (12 and 24 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu increased the cells viability significantly, while high concentration (96 μM) showed significant cytotoxicity on L-02 cells. HCA was applied to analyze the changes of nuclei and mitochondria after the cells being exposed to C-8-O-β-D-glu for 24 h. The results showed high concentration (96 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu significantly reduced the number of living cells, increased average nucleus area, DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Then non-target metabonomics was carried out to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of L-02 cells impacted by C-8-O-β-D-glu. Eleven important potential biomarkers associated with four metabolic pathways were identified in this analysis. Dysregulation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were observed in both LCG and HCG. In addition, low concentration (24 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu would impact arginine and proline metabolism. High concentration (96 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu would impact phenylalanine metabolism and beta-alanine metabolism. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism were involved in different effects of C-8-O-β-D-glu on L-02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunxia Li
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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The pleiotropic effects of heterologous Bax expression in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1449-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Cardin E, Latreille M, Khoury C, Greenwood MT, Larose L. Nck-1 selectively modulates eIF2alphaSer51 phosphorylation by a subset of eIF2alpha-kinases. FEBS J 2007; 274:5865-75. [PMID: 17944934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) on Ser51 is an early event associated with the down-regulation of protein synthesis at the level of translation and initiation of a transcriptional program. This constitutes a potent mechanism to overcome various stress conditions. In mammals, four eIF2alpha-kinases [PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), heme regulated inhibitor (HRI) and general control nonderepressible-2 (GCN2)], activated following specific stresses, have been shown to be involved in this process. In this article, we report that the ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein Nck, composed only of Src homology domains and classically implicated in cell signaling by activated plasma membrane receptor tyrosine kinases, modulates eIF2alpha-kinase-mediated eIF2alphaSer51 phosphorylation in a specific manner. Our results show that Nck not only prevents eIF2alpha phosphorylation upon PERK activation, as reported previously, but also reduces eIF2alpha phosphorylation in conditions leading to PKR and HRI activation. By contrast, the overexpression of Nck in mammalian cells fails to attenuate eIF2alphaSer51 phosphorylation in response to amino acid starvation, a stress well known to activate GCN2. This observation is further confirmed by showing that Nck fails to alter eIF2alphaSer51 phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for which the sole eIF2alpha-kinase is Gcn2p. Our results suggest the existence of a novel mechanism that specifically modulates the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha on Ser51 under various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cardin
- Polypeptide Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Blakeney JS, Reid RC, Le GT, Fairlie DP. Nonpeptidic Ligands for Peptide-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2960-3041. [PMID: 17622179 DOI: 10.1021/cr050984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade S Blakeney
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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16
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Yang Z, Jean-Baptiste G, Khoury C, Greenwood MT. The mouse sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) gene is alternatively spliced to yield multiple transcripts and proteins. Gene 2005; 363:123-32. [PMID: 16226406 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) is a recently identified 413-residue protein that plays a critical role in sphingolipid metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of ceramide and phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol (DAG). We have previously reported the isolation of a mouse SMS1 encoding cDNA that contains a unique 5' UTR sequence. Three other mouse SMS1 cDNAs that differed in their 5' and 3' non-coding sequences were present in GenBank. In order to ascertain the origin of the unique 5' and 3' UTR sequences, we analyzed the structure of the mouse SMS1 gene. Analysis of the four different SMS1 cDNA sequences and of the corresponding mouse genomic fragment revealed that the SMS1 gene consists of 16 exons that are alternatively spliced to produce 4 different mRNAs (SMS1alpha1, SMS1alpha2, SMS1beta and SMS1gamma) and 3 different proteins (SMS1alpha, SMS1beta and SMS1gamma). RT-PCR was used to demonstrate that all four SMS1 cDNAs represent expressed transcripts that show distinctly different tissue distributions. Transcripts for SMS1alpha1, SMS1alpha2 and SMS1beta were found to increase in response to the pro-apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha. Finally, using a yeast-based assay, we confirmed that SMS1alpha prevents the growth inhibitory effects of Bax but SMS1beta neither prevents nor enhances the effects of Bax or of SMS1alpha. Taken together these results demonstrate the complexity of SMS1 gene structure, expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Polypeptide Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
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17
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Ladds G, Goddard A, Davey J. Functional analysis of heterologous GPCR signalling pathways in yeast. Trends Biotechnol 2005; 23:367-73. [PMID: 15923053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes and such conservation allows an almost unrestricted interchange of signalling components between different cell types. Yeasts are attractive hosts in which to study GPCRs--they are amenable to both genetic and biochemical manipulation and their robustness, low cost and our ability to create strains that lack endogenous GPCRs make them ideal starting points for the development of assays suitable for high-throughput screening. Here we introduce readers to the possibilities of using yeast to analyse GPCRs describing the endogenous signalling pathways, the development of assays for heterologous GPCRs and the technology to elucidate GPCR structure and activity, focusing on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and recent developments using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ladds
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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