1
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee P, Sengupta R. Ribonucleotide reductase: Implications of thiol S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration for different subunits. Nitric Oxide 2022; 127:26-43. [PMID: 35850377 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a multi-subunit enzyme responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the production of deoxyribonucleotides essential for DNA synthesis and repair. The active RNR complex is composed of multimeric R1 and R2 subunits. The RNR catalysis involves the formation of tyrosyl radicals in R2 subunits and thiyl radicals in R1 subunits. Despite the quaternary structure and cofactor diversity, all the three classes of RNR have a conserved cysteine residue at the active site which is converted into a thiyl radical that initiates the substrate turnover, suggesting that the catalytic mechanism is somewhat similar for all three classes of the RNR enzyme. Increased RNR activity has been associated with malignant transformation, cancer cell growth, and tumorigenesis. Efforts concerning the understanding of RNR inhibition in designing potent RNR inhibitors/drugs as well as developing novel approaches for antibacterial, antiviral treatments, and cancer therapeutics with improved radiosensitization have been made in clinical research. This review highlights the precise and potent roles of NO in RNR inhibition by targeting both the subunits. Under nitrosative stress, the thiols of the R1 subunits have been found to be modified by S-nitrosylation and the tyrosyl radicals of the R2 subunits have been modified by nitration. In view of the recent advances and progresses in the field of nitrosative modifications and its fundamental role in signaling with implications in health and diseases, the present article focuses on the regulations of RNR activity by S-nitrosylation of thiols (R1 subunits) and nitration of tyrosyl residues (R2 subunits) which will further help in designing new drugs and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Prerona Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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3
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Crack JC, Gray E, Le Brun NE. Sensing mechanisms of iron-sulfur cluster regulatory proteins elucidated using native mass spectrometry. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7887-7897. [PMID: 34037038 PMCID: PMC8204329 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense and respond to various key environmental cues is important for the survival and adaptability of many bacteria, including pathogens. The particular sensitivity of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters is exploited in nature, such that multiple sensor-regulator proteins, which coordinate the detection of analytes with a (in many cases) global transcriptional response, are Fe-S cluster proteins. The fragility and sensitivity of these Fe-S clusters make studying such proteins difficult, and gaining insight of what they sense, and how they sense it and transduce the signal to affect transcription, is a major challenge. While mass spectrometry is very widely used in biological research, it is normally employed under denaturing conditions where non-covalently attached cofactors are lost. However, mass spectrometry under conditions where the protein retains its native structure and, thus, cofactors, is now itself a flourishing field, and the application of such 'native' mass spectrometry to study metalloproteins is now relatively widespread. Here we describe recent advances in using native MS to study Fe-S cluster proteins. Through its ability to accurately measure mass changes that reflect chemistry occurring at the cluster, this approach has yielded a remarkable richness of information that is not accessible by other, more traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Nick E. Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
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4
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Tanifuji K, Ohki Y. Metal–Sulfur Compounds in N2 Reduction and Nitrogenase-Related Chemistry. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5194-5251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemsitry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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5
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Pokidova ОV, Luzhkov VB, Emel'yanova NS, Krapivin VB, Kotelnikov AI, Sanina NA, Aldoshin SM. Effect of albumin on the transformation of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiourea ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12674-12685. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BSA binds the Fe(NO)2+ fragment of DNIC and multiple molecules of [Fe(SC(NH2)2)2(NO)2]+ that prolongs NO donation by this DNIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Оlesya V. Pokidova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
| | - Victor B. Luzhkov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Nina S. Emel'yanova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Vladimir B. Krapivin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Kotelnikov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Natalia A. Sanina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Sergey M. Aldoshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS)
- Moscow Region
- Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Physicochemical Engineering
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
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6
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Szaciłowski K, Stasicka Z. S-Nitrosothiols: Materials, Reactivity and Mechanisms. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967401103165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive view of S-nitrosothiols, chemical behaviour, the pathways leading to their synthesis, their spectral properties, analytical methods of detection and determination, chemical and photochemical reactivity, kinetic aspects and suggested mechanisms. The structure parameters of S-nitrosothiols and the parent thiols are analysed with respect to their effect on the strengthening or weakening the S–NO bond, and in consequence on the S-nitrosothiol stability. This depends also on the ease of S–S bond formation in the product disulphide. These structural features seem to be crucial both to spontaneous as well as to Cu-catalysed decomposition. Principal emphasis is given here to the S-nitrosothiols’ ability to act as ligands and to the effect of coordination on the ligand properties. The chemical and photochemical behaviours of the complexes are described in more detail and their roles in chemical and biochemical systems are discussed. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the contribution of S-nitrosothiols to chemical and biochemical processes is more diverse than supposed hitherto. Nevertheless, their role is predictable and, based on the correlation between structure and reactivity, many important mechanisms of biochemical processes can be interpreted and various applications designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Szaciłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zofia Stasicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Crack JC, Le Brun NE. Mass Spectrometric Identification of [4Fe–4S](NO)
x
Intermediates of Nitric Oxide Sensing by Regulatory Iron–Sulfur Cluster Proteins. Chemistry 2019; 25:3675-3684. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Nick E. Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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8
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron-sulfur cluster proteins carry out multiple functions, including as regulators of gene transcription/translation in response to environmental stimuli. In all known cases, the cluster acts as the sensory module, where the inherent reactivity/fragility of iron-sulfur clusters with small/redox-active molecules is exploited to effect conformational changes that modulate binding to DNA regulatory sequences. This promotes an often substantial reprogramming of the cellular proteome that enables the organism or cell to adapt to, or counteract, its changing circumstances. Recent Advances: Significant progress has been made recently in the structural and mechanistic characterization of iron-sulfur cluster regulators and, in particular, the O2 and NO sensor FNR, the NO sensor NsrR, and WhiB-like proteins of Actinobacteria. These are the main focus of this review. CRITICAL ISSUES Striking examples of how the local environment controls the cluster sensitivity and reactivity are now emerging, but the basis for this is not yet fully understood for any regulatory family. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterization of iron-sulfur cluster regulators has long been hampered by a lack of high-resolution structural data. Although this still presents a major future challenge, recent advances now provide a firm foundation for detailed understanding of how a signal is transduced to effect gene regulation. This requires the identification of often unstable intermediate species, which are difficult to detect and may be hard to distinguish using traditional techniques. Novel approaches will be required to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nick E Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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9
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Crack JC, Hamilton CJ, Le Brun NE. Mass spectrometric detection of iron nitrosyls, sulfide oxidation and mycothiolation during nitrosylation of the NO sensor [4Fe-4S] NsrR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5992-5995. [PMID: 29790499 PMCID: PMC5994877 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of RRE-type iron-nitrosyl species formed upon nitrosylation of [4Fe–4S] NsrR.
The bacterial nitric oxide (NO)-sensing transcriptional regulator NsrR binds a [4Fe–4S] cluster that enables DNA-binding and thus repression of the cell's NO stress response. Upon exposure to NO, the cluster undergoes a complex nitrosylation reaction resulting in a mixture of iron-nitrosyl species, which spectroscopic studies have indicated are similar to well characterized low molecular weight dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC), Roussin's Red Ester (RRE) and Roussin's Black Salt (RBS). Here we report mass spectrometric studies that enable the unambiguous identification of NsrR-bound RRE-type species, including a persulfide bound form that results from the oxidation of cluster sulfide. In the presence of the low molecular weight thiols glutathione and mycothiol, glutathionylated and mycothiolated forms of NsrR were readily formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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10
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Serrano PN, Wang H, Crack JC, Prior C, Hutchings MI, Thomson AJ, Kamali S, Yoda Y, Zhao J, Hu MY, Alp EE, Oganesyan VS, Le Brun NE, Cramer SP. Nitrosylation of Nitric-Oxide-Sensing Regulatory Proteins Containing [4Fe-4S] Clusters Gives Rise to Multiple Iron-Nitrosyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14575-14579. [PMID: 27778474 PMCID: PMC5204455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of protein-bound iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters with nitric oxide (NO) plays key roles in NO-mediated toxicity and signaling. Elucidation of the mechanism of the reaction of NO with DNA regulatory proteins that contain Fe-S clusters has been hampered by a lack of information about the nature of the iron-nitrosyl products formed. Herein, we report nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that identify NO reaction products in WhiD and NsrR, regulatory proteins that use a [4Fe-4S] cluster to sense NO. This work reveals that nitrosylation yields multiple products structurally related to Roussin's Red Ester (RRE, [Fe2 (NO)4 (Cys)2 ]) and Roussin's Black Salt (RBS, [Fe4 (NO)7 S3 ]. In the latter case, the absence of 32 S/34 S shifts in the Fe-S region of the NRVS spectra suggest that a new species, Roussin's Black Ester (RBE), may be formed, in which one or more of the sulfide ligands is replaced by Cys thiolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Physical Biosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Jason C. Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Christopher Prior
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Andrew J. Thomson
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Saeed Kamali
- University of Tennessee Space InstituteTullahomeTN37388-9700USA
| | - Yoshitaka Yoda
- Research and Utilization DivisionSPring-8/JASRI1-1-1 Kouto, SayoHyogo679-5198Japan
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Michael Y. Hu
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Ercan E. Alp
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL60439USA
| | - Vasily S. Oganesyan
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Nick E. Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Stephen P. Cramer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Physical Biosciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
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11
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Holm RH, Lo W. Structural Conversions of Synthetic and Protein-Bound Iron–Sulfur Clusters. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13685-13713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. H. Holm
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Wayne Lo
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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12
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Serrano PN, Wang H, Crack JC, Prior C, Hutchings MI, Thomson AJ, Kamali S, Yoda Y, Zhao J, Hu MY, Alp EE, Oganesyan VS, Le Brun NE, Cramer SP. Nitrosylation of Nitric-Oxide-Sensing Regulatory Proteins Containing [4Fe-4S] Clusters Gives Rise to Multiple Iron-Nitrosyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
- Physical Biosciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jason C. Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry; School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Christopher Prior
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry; School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Thomson
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry; School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Saeed Kamali
- University of Tennessee Space Institute; Tullahome TN 37388-9700 USA
| | - Yoshitaka Yoda
- Research and Utilization Division; SPring-8/JASRI; 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Michael Y. Hu
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Ercan E. Alp
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Vasily S. Oganesyan
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry; School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Nick E. Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry; School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Stephen P. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
- Physical Biosciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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13
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Mechanism of inhibition of NiFe hydrogenase by nitric oxide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:454-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Bari SE, Olabe JA, Slep LD. Three Redox States of Metallonitrosyls in Aqueous Solution. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Victor E, Lippard SJ. A Tetranitrosyl [4Fe–4S] Cluster Forms En Route to Roussin’s Black Anion: Nitric Oxide Reactivity of [Fe4S4(LS3)L′]2–. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5311-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500586g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Victor
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Crack JC, Green J, Hutchings MI, Thomson AJ, Le Brun NE. Bacterial iron-sulfur regulatory proteins as biological sensor-switches. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1215-31. [PMID: 22239203 PMCID: PMC3430481 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In recent years, bacterial iron-sulfur cluster proteins that function as regulators of gene transcription have emerged as a major new group. In all cases, the cluster acts as a sensor of the environment and enables the organism to adapt to the prevailing conditions. This can range from mounting a response to oxidative or nitrosative stress to switching between anaerobic and aerobic respiratory pathways. The sensitivity of these ancient cofactors to small molecule reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in particular, makes them ideally suited to function as sensors. RECENT ADVANCES An important challenge is to obtain mechanistic and structural information about how these regulators function and, in particular, how the chemistry occurring at the cluster drives the subsequent regulatory response. For several regulators, including FNR, SoxR, NsrR, IscR, and Wbl proteins, major advances in understanding have been gained recently and these are reviewed here. CRITICAL ISSUES A common theme emerging from these studies is that the sensitivity and specificity of the cluster of each regulatory protein must be exquisitely controlled by the protein environment of the cluster. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A major future challenge is to determine, for a range of regulators, the key factors for achieving control of sensitivity/specificity. Such information will lead, eventually, to a system understanding of stress response, which often involves more than one regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
The chemistry of nitric oxide (NO) has taken on new dimensions since the discovery, about a decade ago, of a myriad of biological events that NO participates in. Many of the foundations of metal-NO chemistry were laid out earlier by inorganic chemists and biochemists investigating the structures and electronic properties of the heme-NO moiety or its model compounds. Certainly, the persistent work over the last three decades by chemists working with metal nitrosyls has paid off. Current areas of research in heme-NO chemistry include (i) how the NO group approaches and binds to the metal center (or how it dissociates from the metal center); (ii) the ground state and excited state geometries of the metal-NOfragment; (iii) effects of the trans axial ligands on NO orientation and/or dissociation; and (iv) N-N bond formation from NO molecules catalyzed by heme groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- GEORGE B. RICHTER-ADDO
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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18
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Structure and properties of iron nitrosyl complexes with functionalized sulfur-containing ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Pellegrino J, Hübner R, Doctorovich F, Kaim W. Spectroelectrochemical Evidence for the Nitrosyl Redox Siblings NO
+
, NO
.
, and NO
−
Coordinated to a Strongly Electron‐Accepting Fe
II
Porphyrin: DFT Calculations Suggest the Presence of High‐Spin States after Reduction of the Fe
II
–NO
−
Complex. Chemistry 2011; 17:7868-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellegrino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. INQUIMAE‐CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina), Fax: +54 11 4576‐3341
| | - Ralph Hübner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711 685 64165
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. INQUIMAE‐CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina), Fax: +54 11 4576‐3341
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711 685 64165
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20
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Tonzetich ZJ, Héroguel F, Do LH, Lippard SJ. Chemistry of nitrosyliron complexes supported by a β-diketiminate ligand. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1570-9. [PMID: 21244036 DOI: 10.1021/ic102300d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several nitrosyl complexes of Fe and Co have been prepared using the sterically hindered Ar-nacnac ligand (Ar-nacnac = anion of [(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)NC(Me)](2)CH). The dinitrosyliron complexes [Fe(NO)(2)(Ar-nacnac)] (1) and (Bu(4)N)[Fe(NO)(2)(Ar-nacnac)] (2) react with [Fe(III)(TPP)Cl] (TPP = tetraphenylporphine dianion) to generate [Fe(II)(NO)(TPP)] and the corresponding mononitrosyliron complexes. The factors governing NO transfer with dinitrosyliron complexes (DNICs) 1 and 2 are evaluated, together with the chemistry of the related mononitrosyliron complex, [Fe(NO)Br(Ar-nacnac)] (4). The synthesis and properties of the related cobalt dinitrosyl [Co(NO)(2)(Ar-nacnac)] (3) is also discussed for comparison to DNICs 1 and 2. The solid-state structures of several of these compounds as determined by X-ray crystallography are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Crack JC, Smith LJ, Stapleton MR, Peck J, Watmough NJ, Buttner MJ, Buxton RS, Green J, Oganesyan VS, Thomson AJ, Le Brun NE. Mechanistic insight into the nitrosylation of the [4Fe-4S] cluster of WhiB-like proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:1112-21. [PMID: 21182249 PMCID: PMC3117330 DOI: 10.1021/ja109581t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
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The reactivity of protein bound iron−sulfur clusters with nitric oxide (NO) is well documented, but little is known about the actual mechanism of cluster nitrosylation. Here, we report studies of members of the Wbl family of [4Fe−4S] containing proteins, which play key roles in regulating developmental processes in actinomycetes, including Streptomyces and Mycobacteria, and have been shown to be NO responsive. Streptomyces coelicolor WhiD and Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB1 react extremely rapidly with NO in a multiphasic reaction involving, remarkably, 8 NO molecules per [4Fe−4S] cluster. The reaction is 104-fold faster than that observed with O2 and is by far the most rapid iron−sulfur cluster nitrosylation reaction reported to date. An overall stoichiometry of [Fe4S4(Cys)4]2− + 8NO → 2[FeI2(NO)4(Cys)2]0 + S2− + 3S0 has been established by determination of the sulfur products and their oxidation states. Kinetic analysis leads to a four-step mechanism that accounts for the observed NO dependence. DFT calculations suggest the possibility that the nitrosylation product is a novel cluster [FeI4(NO)8(Cys)4]0 derived by dimerization of a pair of Roussin’s red ester (RRE) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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22
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Tinberg CE, Tonzetich ZJ, Wang H, Do LH, Yoda Y, Cramer SP, Lippard SJ. Characterization of iron dinitrosyl species formed in the reaction of nitric oxide with a biological Rieske center. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:18168-76. [PMID: 21133361 DOI: 10.1021/ja106290p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of nitric oxide with cysteine-ligated iron-sulfur cluster proteins typically result in disassembly of the iron-sulfur core and formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs). Here we report the first evidence that DNICs also form in the reaction of NO with Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] clusters. Upon treatment of a Rieske protein, component C of toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. OX1, with an excess of NO(g) or NO-generators S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-pencillamine and diethylamine NONOate, the absorbance bands of the [2Fe-2S] cluster are extinguished and replaced by a new feature that slowly grows in at 367 nm. Analysis of the reaction products by electron paramagnetic resonance, Mössbauer, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy reveals that the primary product of the reaction is a thiolate-bridged diiron tetranitrosyl species, [Fe(2)(μ-SCys)(2)(NO)(4)], having a Roussin's red ester (RRE) formula, and that mononuclear DNICs account for only a minor fraction of nitrosylated iron. Reduction of this RRE reaction product with sodium dithionite produces the one-electron-reduced RRE, having absorptions at 640 and 960 nm. These results demonstrate that NO reacts readily with a Rieske center in a protein and suggest that dinuclear RRE species, not mononuclear DNICs, may be the primary iron dinitrosyl species responsible for the pathological and physiological effects of nitric oxide in such systems in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Tinberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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23
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Tonzetich ZJ, McQuade LE, Lippard SJ. Detecting and understanding the roles of nitric oxide in biology. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6338-48. [PMID: 20666391 DOI: 10.1021/ic9022757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We are pursuing a dual strategy for investigating the chemistry of nitric oxide as a biological signaling agent. In one approach, metal-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of NO in living cells are evaluated, and a sensor based on a copper fluorescein complex has proved to be a valuable lead compound. Sensors of this class permit identification of NO from both inducible and constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase and facilitate investigation of different NO functions in response to external stimuli. In the other approach, we employ synthetic model complexes of iron-sulfur clusters to probe their reactivity toward nitric oxide as biomimics of the active sites of iron-sulfur proteins. Our studies reveal that NO disassembles the Fe-S clusters to form dinitrosyl iron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Polynuclear water-soluble dinitrosyl iron complexes with cysteine or glutathione ligands: Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical studies. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:136-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tonzetich ZJ, Wang H, Mitra D, Tinberg CE, Do LH, Jenney FE, Adams MWW, Cramer SP, Lippard SJ. Identification of protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes by nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6914-6. [PMID: 20429508 DOI: 10.1021/ja101002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have applied (57)Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) to identify protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes. Intense NRVS peaks due to vibrations of the N-Fe-N unit can be observed between 500 and 700 cm(-1) and are diagnostic indicators of the type of iron dinitrosyl species present. NRVS spectra for four iron dinitrosyl model compounds are presented and used as benchmarks for the identification of species formed in the reaction of Pyrococcus furiosus ferredoxin D14C with nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Wang R, Wang X, Sundberg EB, Nguyen P, Grant GPG, Sheth C, Zhao Q, Herron S, Kantardjieff KA, Li L. Synthesis, structures, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of dinitrosyl iron complexes with bipyridine, terpyridine, and 1,10-phenathroline. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:9779-85. [PMID: 19769382 DOI: 10.1021/ic901368t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new dinitrosyl iron complexes LFe(NO)(2) (L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) (1), 2,2',2''-terpyridine (terpy) (2) and 1,10-phenathroline (phen) (3)) were synthesized by the reaction of Fe(NO)(2)(CO)(2) with corresponding ligands in tetrahydrofuran. Complexes 1-3 were studied using IR, UV-vis, MS, NMR, and electrochemical techniques. Complexes 1 and 2 were also characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. IR spectra of complexes 1-3 display two strong characteristic NO stretching frequencies (nu(NO)) in the region reflecting donor properties of the ligands. Cyclic voltammetry studies show two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions for all complexes. Electrochemical investigations using different concentrations show that an irreversible one-electron reduction at -1.85 V for complex 2 and -1.80 V for complex 3 are from solvated species. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group and the asymmetric unit consists of one Fe(NO)(2)(bipy) molecule with the two NO groups located on two sides of Fe(bipy) plane. Complex 2 crystallizes in monoclinic P21/n space group, and the asymmetric unit contains one Fe(NO)(2)(terpy) molecule, in which the NO groups are located on two sides of the plane consisted of Fe and two coordinated pyridyl rings, but almost parallel to the uncoordinated pyridyl ring. The crystal packings of both complexes 1 and 2 show intermolecular H-bonding and strong pi-pi stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840, USA
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27
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Rudneva TN, Sanina NA, Lyssenko KA, Aldoshin SM, Antipin MY, Ovanesyan NS. Synthesis and structure of a water-soluble nitrosyl iron complex with cysteamine ligand. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Harrop TC, Tonzetich ZJ, Reisner E, Lippard SJ. Reactions of synthetic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters with nitric oxide and nitrosothiols. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15602-10. [PMID: 18939795 DOI: 10.1021/ja8054996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with iron-sulfur cluster proteins results in degradation and breakdown of the cluster to generate dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs). In some cases the formation of DNICs from such cluster systems can lead to activation of a regulatory pathway or the loss of enzyme activity. In order to understand the basic chemistry underlying these processes, we have investigated the reactions of NO with synthetic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters. Reaction of excess NO(g) with solutions of [Fe2S2(SR)4](2-) (R = Ph, p-tolyl (4-MeC6H4), or 1/2 (CH2)2-o-C6H4) cleanly affords the respective DNIC, [Fe(NO)2(SR)2](-), with concomitant reductive elimination of the bridging sulfide ligands as elemental sulfur. The structure of (Et4N)[Fe(NO)2(S-p-tolyl)2] was verified by X-ray crystallography. Reactions of the [4Fe-4S] clusters, [Fe4S4(SR)4](2-) (R = Ph, CH2Ph, (t)Bu, or 1/2 (CH2)-m-C6H4) proceed in the absence of added thiolate to yield Roussin's black salt, [Fe4S3(NO)7](-). In contrast, (Et4N)2[Fe4S4(SPh)4] reacts with NO(g) in the presence of 4 equiv of (Et4N)(SPh) to yield the expected DNIC. For all reactions, we could reproduce the chemistry effected by NO(g) with the use of trityl-S-nitrosothiol (Ph3CSNO) as the nitric oxide source. These results demonstrate possible pathways for the reaction of iron-sulfur clusters with nitric oxide in biological systems and highlight the importance of thiolate-to-iron ratios in stabilizing DNICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Harrop
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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Toledo JC, Bosworth CA, Hennon SW, Mahtani HA, Bergonia HA, Lancaster JR. Nitric oxide-induced conversion of cellular chelatable iron into macromolecule-bound paramagnetic dinitrosyliron complexes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28926-33. [PMID: 18480062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707862200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important biological reactions of nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, *NO) is its reaction with transition metals, of which iron is the major target. This is confirmed by the ubiquitous formation of EPR-detectable g=2.04 signals in cells, tissues, and animals upon exposure to both exogenous and endogenous *NO. The source of the iron for these dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC), and its relationship to cellular iron homeostasis, is not clear. Evidence has shown that the chelatable iron pool (CIP) may be at least partially responsible for this iron, but quantitation and kinetic characterization have not been reported. In the murine cell line RAW 264.7, *NO reacts with the CIP similarly to the strong chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) in rapidly releasing iron from the iron-calcein complex. SIH pretreatment prevents DNIC formation from *NO, and SIH added during the *NO treatment "freezes" DNIC levels, showing that the complexes are formed from the CIP, and they are stable (resistant to SIH). DNIC formation requires free *NO, because addition of oxyhemoglobin prevents formation from either *NO donor or S-nitrosocysteine, the latter treatment resulting in 100-fold higher intracellular nitrosothiol levels. EPR measurement of the CIP using desferroxamine shows quantitative conversion of CIP into DNIC by *NO. In conclusion, the CIP is rapidly and quantitatively converted to paramagnetic large molecular mass DNIC from exposure to free *NO but not from cellular nitrosothiol. These results have important implications for the antioxidative actions of *NO and its effects on cellular iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Toledo
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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30
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Harrop TC, Song D, Lippard SJ. Reactivity pathways for nitric oxide and nitrosonium with iron complexes in biologically relevant sulfur coordination spheres. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1730-8. [PMID: 17618690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with iron-sulfur cluster proteins results in the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) coordinated by cysteine residues from the peptide backbone or with low molecular weight sulfur-containing molecules like glutathione. Such DNICs are among the modes available in biology to store, transport, and deliver NO to its relevant targets. In order to elucidate the fundamental chemistry underlying the formation of DNICs and to characterize possible intermediates in the process, we have investigated the interaction of NO (g) and NO(+) with iron-sulfur complexes having the formula [Fe(SR)(4)](2-), where R=(t)Bu, Ph, or benzyl, chosen to mimic sulfur-rich iron sites in biology. The reaction of NO (g) with [Fe(S(t)Bu)(4)](2-) or [Fe(SBz)(4)](2-) cleanly affords the mononitrosyl complexes (MNICs), [Fe(S(t)Bu)(3)(NO)](-) (1) and [Fe(SBz)(3)(NO)](-) (3), respectively, by ligand displacement. Mononitrosyl species of this kind were previously unknown. These complexes further react with NO (g) to generate the corresponding DNICs, [Fe(SPh)(2)(NO)(2)](-) (4) and [Fe(SBz)(2)(NO)(2)](-) (5), with concomitant reductive elimination of the coordinated thiolate donors. Reaction of [Fe(SR)(4)](2-) complexes with NO(+) proceeds by a different pathway to yield the corresponding dinitrosyl S-bridged Roussin red ester complexes, [Fe(2)(mu-S(t)Bu)(2)(NO)(4)] (2), [Fe(2)(mu-SPh)(2)(NO)(4)] (7) and [Fe(2)(mu-SBz)(2)(NO)(4)] (8). The NO/NO(+) reactivity of an Fe(II) complex with a mixed nitrogen/sulfur coordination sphere was also investigated. The DNIC and red ester species, [Fe(S-o-NH(2)C(6)H(4))(2)(NO)(2)](-) (6) and [Fe(2)(mu-S-o-NH(2)C(6)H(4))(2)(NO)(4)] (9), were generated. The structures of 8 and 9 were verified by X-ray crystallography. The MNIC complex 1 can efficiently deliver NO to iron-porphyrin complexes like [Fe(TPP)Cl], a reaction that is aided by light. Removal of the coordinated NO ligand of 1 by photolysis and addition of elemental sulfur generates higher nuclearity Fe/S clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Harrop
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 18-498, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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31
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Hsu IJ, Hsieh CH, Ke SC, Chiang KA, Lee JM, Chen JM, Jang LY, Lee GH, Wang Y, Liaw WF. New Members of a Class of Iron−Thiolate−Nitrosyl Compounds: Trinuclear Iron−Thiolate−Nitrosyl Complexes Containing Fe3S6 Core. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1151-9. [PMID: 17263396 DOI: 10.1021/ja065401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neutral trinuclear iron-thiolate-nitrosyl, [(ON)Fe(mu-S,S-C(6)H(4))](3) (1), and its oxidation product, [(ON)Fe(mu-S,S-C(6)H(4))](3)[PF(6)] (2), were synthesized and characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and magnetic measurement. The five-coordinated, square pyramidal geometry around each iron atom in complex 1 remains intact when complex 1 is oxidized to yield complex 2. Magnetic measurements and EPR results show that there is only one unpaired electron in complex 1 (S(total) = 1/2) and no unpaired electron (S(total) = 0) in 2. The detailed geometric comparisons between complexes 1 and 2 provide understanding of the role that the unpaired electron plays in the chemical bonding of this trinuclear complex. Significant shortening of the Fe-Fe, Fe-N, and Fe-S distances around Fe(1) is observed when complex 1 is oxidized to 2. This result implicates that the removal of the unpaired electron does induce the strengthening of the Fe-Fe, Fe-N, and Fe-S bonds in the Fe(1) fragment. A significant shift of the nuNO stretching frequency from 1751 cm(-1) (1) to 1821, 1857 cm(-1) (2) (KBr) also indicates the strengthening of the N-O bonds in complex 2. The EPR, X-ray absorption, magnetic measurements, and molecular orbital calculations lead to the conclusion that the unpaired electron in complex 1 is mainly allocated in the Fe(1) fragment and is best described as {Fe(1)NO}7, so that the unpaired electron is delocalized between Fe and NO via d-pi* orbital interaction; some contributions from [Fe(2)NO] and [Fe(3)NO] as well as the thiolates associated with Fe (1) are also realized. According to MO calculations, the spin density of complex 1 is predominantly located at the Fe atoms with 0.60, -0.15, and 0.25 at Fe(1), Fe(2), and Fe(3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jui Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Chmura A, Szaciłowski K, Stasicka Z. The role of photoinduced electron transfer processes in photodegradation of the [Fe4(μ3-S)3(NO)7]− cluster. Nitric Oxide 2006; 15:370-9. [PMID: 16675275 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and electrochemical study of the [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](-) photochemical reaction and thermodynamic calculations of relevant systems demonstrate the redox character of this process. The photoinduced electron transfer between substrate clusters in excited and ground state (probably via exciplex formation) results in dismutation yielding unstable [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](2-) and [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](0). Back electron transfer between the primary products is responsible for fast reversibility of the photochemical reaction in deoxygenated solutions. In the presence of an electron acceptor (such as O(2), MV(2+) or NO) an oxidative quenching of the (*)[Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](-) is anticipated, although NO seems to participate as well in the reductive quenching. The electron acceptors can also regenerate the substrate from its reduced form ([Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](2-)), whereas the other primary product ([Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](0)) decomposes to the final products. The suggested mechanism fits well to all experimental observations and shows the thermodynamically favored pathways and explains formation of all major (Fe(2+), S(2-), NO) and minor products (N(2)O, Fe(3+)). The photodissociation of nitrosyl ligands suggested earlier as the primary photochemical step cannot be, however, definitely excluded and may constitute a parallel pathway of [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](-) photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Chmura
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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33
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Chen TN, Lo FC, Tsai ML, Shih KN, Chiang MH, Lee GH, Liaw WF. Dinitrosyl iron complexes [E5Fe(NO)2]− (E=S, Se): A precursor of Roussin’s black salt [Fe4E3(NO)7]−. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Chmura A, Szaciłowski K, Waksmundzka-Góra A, Stasicka Z. Photochemistry of the [Fe4(μ3-S)3(NO)7]− complex in the presence of S-nucleophiles: A spectroscopic study. Nitric Oxide 2006; 14:247-60. [PMID: 16337819 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems usually contain cysteine, glutathione or other sulfur-containing biomolecules. These S-nucleophiles were found to affect drastically the [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](-) photolysis pathway generating products completely different from that of the neat cluster, which produces Fe(II) and NO and S(2-). The effect is interpreted in terms of formation of a pseudo-cubane adduct, [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(mu(3)-SR)(NO)(7)](2-), whose existence in equilibrium with the parent complex has no detectable influence on the spectral properties, whereas shifts the redox potential and induces photoconversion leading to the Fe(III) species and N(2)O. Characteristic bond lengths, bond angles and atomic Mulliken charges were calculated using semi-empirical quantum chemical methods for the RBS anion and a series of pseudo-cubane complexes with S-donor or N-donor ligands. The results justify the hypothesis of the adduct formation and show that only in case of S-ligands the higher contribution of the Fe(III)-NO(-) components in adduct than in RBS is observed, which on excitation can undergo heterolytic cleavage yielding Fe(III) and NO(-), converted rapidly into N(2)O. These results are crucial in understanding the physiological activity of RBS. Fe(III) formation can be detected only when the S-ligand enables formation of a stable Fe(III) compound; the effect was recorded in the presence of sulfide, thioglycolate, 2-mercaptopropionate, mercaptosuccinate, penicillamine, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinate, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, and thiocyanate. For all these S-ligands the Fe(III) photoproducts were identified and characterised. In the case of other thiolates, their excess results in fast reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), whereas N(2)O can be still detected. Quantum yields of Fe(III) formation in the presence of the S-ligands are considerably higher than that of the Fe(II) photoproduction from neat [Fe(4)(mu(3)-S)(3)(NO)(7)](-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Chmura
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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35
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Machura B, Kruszynski R. X-ray structure of [Re(NO) 2.09Br 1.91(PPh 3) 2] and DFT studies of [Re(NO) 2Br 2(PPh 3) 2]. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970500490897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Machura
- a Department of Inorganic and Radiation Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia , 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - R. Kruszynski
- b Department of X-Ray Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry , Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology , 116 Żeromski Street, 90–924 Łódź, Poland
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Carter SM, Lee J, Hixson CA, Powell DR, Wheeler RA, Shaw MJ, Richter-Addo GB. Fiber-optic infrared reflectance spectroelectrochemical studies of osmium and ruthenium nitrosyl porphyrins containing alkoxide and thiolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2006:1338-46. [PMID: 16505913 DOI: 10.1039/b510717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the redox behavior of the osmium and ruthenium compounds (OEP)M(NO)(OEt) and (OEP)M(NO)(SEt) (OEP = octaethylporphyrinato dianion; M = Os, Ru) by cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroelectrochemistry. The compound (OEP)Os(NO)(OEt) undergoes a single reversible oxidation process in dichloromethane. In contrast, the thiolate compound (OEP)Os(NO)(SEt) undergoes a net irreversible oxidation resulting in formal loss of the SEt ligand. Extended Hückel calculations on crystal structures of these two compounds provide insight into the nature of their HOMOs. In the case of the alkoxide compound, the HOMO is largely metal centered, with 70% of the charge located in the metal's orbital and approximately 25% on the porphyrin ring. However, the HOMO of the thiolate compound consists of a pi bonding interaction between the metal dxz orbital and the px orbital on the sulfur, and a pi antibonding interaction between the metal d orbital and a pi* orbital on NO. The redox behavior of the Ru analogues have been determined, and are compared with those of the Os compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Chacko SA, Wenthold PG. The negative ion chemistry of nitric oxide in the gas phase. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:112-26. [PMID: 16138298 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is not only an important biological molecule with varied indispensable physiological roles but also shows interesting chemical reactivity both in gas-phase and solution phase. Even though it is a small molecule with an extremely low electron affinity, the reactivity of NO in the gas-phase is not just limited to electron-transfer or adduct formation. NO can behave both as an electrophile with closed-shell anions or as a radical with open-shell anions. Its reactivity with open-shell anions is characteristic and varied leading to interesting rearrangements. Nitric oxide anion undergoes spin-forbidden proton transfer with strong acids. Also, the ability of NO to serve both as one-electron or three-electron donor ligand can result in adduct formation or substitution reactions with transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvi A Chacko
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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Yan F, Li T, Lipscomb JD, Liu A, Liu HW. Site-directed mutagenesis and spectroscopic studies of the iron-binding site of (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 442:82-91. [PMID: 16150418 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(S)-2-Hydroxylpropanylphosphonic acid epoxidase (HppE) is a novel type of mononuclear non-heme iron-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the O2 coupled, oxidative epoxide ring closure of HPP to form fosfomycin, which is a clinically useful antibiotic. Sequence alignment of the only two known HppE sequences led to the speculation that the conserved residues His138, Glu142, and His180 are the metal binding ligands of the Streptomyces wedmorensis enzyme. Substitution of these residues with alanine resulted in significant reduction of metal binding affinity, as indicated by EPR analysis of the enzyme-Fe(II)-substrate-nitrosyl complex and the spectral properties of the Cu(II)-reconstituted mutant proteins. The catalytic activities for both epoxidation and self-hydroxylation were also either eliminated or diminished in proportion to the iron content in these mutants. The complete loss of enzymatic activity for the E142A and H180A mutants in vivo and in vitro is consistent with the postulated roles of the altered residues in metal binding. The H138A mutant is also inactive in vivo, but in vitro it retains 27% of the active site iron and nearly 20% of the wild-type activity. Thus, it cannot be unequivocally stated whether H138 is an iron ligand or simply facilitates iron binding due to proximity. The results reported herein provide initial evidence implicating an unusual histidine/carboxylate iron ligation in HppE. By analogy with other well-characterized enzymes from the 2-His-1-carboxylate family, this type of iron core is consistent with a mechanism in which both oxygen and HPP bind to the iron as a first step in the in the conversion of HPP to fosfomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Interplay between iron complexes, nitric oxide and sulfur ligands: Structure, (photo)reactivity and biological importance. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Synthesis, crystal, molecular and electronic structure of rhenium nitrosyl with pyrazole in the coordination sphere. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen HW, Lin CW, Chen CC, Yang LB, Chiang MH, Liaw WF. Homodinuclear iron thiolate nitrosyl compounds [(ON)Fe(S,S-C6H4)2 Fe(NO)2]- and [(ON)Fe(SO2,S-C6H4)(S,S-C6H4)Fe(NO)2]- with {Fe(NO)}7-{Fe(NO)2}9 electronic coupling: new members of a class of dinitrosyl iron complexes. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:3226-32. [PMID: 15847431 DOI: 10.1021/ic049105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Fe(CO)2(NO)2 and [(ON)Fe(S,S-C6H3R)2]- (R = H (1), CH3 (1-Me))/[(ON)Fe(SO2,S-C6H4)(S,S-C6H4)]- (4) in THF afforded the diiron thiolate/sulfinate nitrosyl complexes [(ON)Fe(S,S-C6H3R)2 Fe(NO)2]- (R = H (2), CH3 (2-Me)) and [(ON)Fe(S,SO2-C6H4)(S,S-C6H4)Fe(NO)2]- (3), respectively. The average N-O bond lengths ([Fe(NO)2] unit) of 1.167(3) and 1.162(4) A in complexes 2 and 3 are consistent with the average N-O bond length of 1.165 A observed in the other structurally characterized dinitrosyl iron complexes with an {Fe(NO)2}9 core. The lower nu(15NO) value (1682 cm(-1) (KBr)) of the [(15NO)FeS4] fragment of [(15NO)Fe(S,S-C6H3CH3)2 Fe(NO)2]- (2-Me-15N), compared to that of [(15NO)Fe(S,S-C6H3CH3)2]- (1-Me-15N) (1727 cm(-1) (KBr)), implicates the electron transfer from {Fe(NO)2}10 Fe(CO)2(NO)2 to complex 1-Me/1 may occur in the process of formation of complex 2-Me/2. Then, the electronic structures of the [(NO)FeS4] and [S2Fe(NO)2] cores of complexes 2, 2-Me, and 3 were best assigned according to the Feltham-Enemark notation as the {Fe(NO)}7-{Fe(NO)2}9 coupling (antiferromagnetic interaction with a J value of -182 cm(-1) for complex 2) to account for the absence of paramagnetism (SQUID) and the EPR signal. On the basis of Fe-N(O) and N-O bond distances, the dinitrosyliron {L2Fe(NO)2} derivatives having an Fe-N(O) distance of approximately 1.670 A and a N-O distance of approximately 1.165 A are best assigned as {Fe(NO)2}9 electronic structures, whereas the Fe-N(O) distance of approximately 1.650 A and N-O distance of approximately 1.190 A probably imply an {Fe(NO)2}10 electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
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Tsai ML, Chen CC, Hsu IJ, Ke SC, Hsieh CH, Chiang KA, Lee GH, Wang Y, Chen JM, Lee JF, Liaw WF. Photochemistry of the Dinitrosyl Iron Complex [S5Fe(NO)2]- Leading to Reversible Formation of [S5Fe(μ-S)2FeS5]2-: Spectroscopic Characterization of Species Relevant to the Nitric Oxide Modification and Repair of [2Fe−2S] Ferredoxins. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:5159-67. [PMID: 15285693 DOI: 10.1021/ic0494915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [PPN][Fe(CO)(3)(NO)] and S(8) in a 1:1 molar ratio in THF proceeded to give the dinitrosyl iron complex [PPN][S(5)Fe(NO)(2)] (1) and the known [PPN](2)[S(5)Fe(mu-S)(2)FeS(5)] (2). EPR signals of g values g(z) = 2.0148, g(x) = 2.0270, and g(y) = 2.0485 at 77 K confirmed the existence of the unpaired electron in compound 1. The temperature-dependent magnetic moment of complex 1 indicates that the ground state is one unpaired electron with (S(t), S(L)) = ((1)/(2), 1) at very low temperature (S(t) is the total spin quantum number of the system; S(L) is the sum of the spin quantum numbers of two NO ligands). The O K-edge absorptions of complex 1 and [(NO)Fe(S(2)CNEt(2))(2)] at 532.1 and 532.5 eV are assigned to the transition of 1s --> pi(NO) and 1s --> pi(NO(+)), respectively. For the electronic structure of the [Fe(NO)(2)] core, DFT calculations, magnetic susceptibility measurement, EPR, and Fe K-/L-edge XAS spectroscopy of complex 1 lead to a description of [Fe(1+)(.NO)(2)](9). [2Fe-2S] cluster 2 treated with nitric oxide in THF shows that cluster 2 is transformed into the dinitrosyl iron complex 1 identified by IR, UV-vis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The reaction may be reversed by the photolysis of the THF solution of 1 in the presence of the NO-accepting reagent [(C(4)H(8)O)Fe(S,S-C(6)H(4))(2)](-) to reform 2. This result demonstrates a successful biomimetic reaction cycle of the degradation and reassembly of [2Fe-2S] cluster [S(5)Fe(mu-S)(2)FeS(5)](2)(-) relevant to the repair of nitric oxide-modified [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin by cysteine desulfurase and l-cysteine in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
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Jaworska M, Stasicka Z. Structure and UV–Vis spectroscopy of nitrosylthiolatoferrate mononuclear complexes. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Rakova OA, Sanina NA, Aldoshin SM, Goncharova NV, Shilov GV, Shulga YM, Ovanesyan NS. Synthesis and characterization of potential NO donors: novel iron–sulfur nitrosyls containing the μ-N–C–S skeleton. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(02)00691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang PG, Xian M, Tang X, Wu X, Wen Z, Cai T, Janczuk AJ. Nitric oxide donors: chemical activities and biological applications. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1091-134. [PMID: 11942788 DOI: 10.1021/cr000040l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Hayton TW, Legzdins P, Sharp WB. Coordination and organometallic chemistry of metal-NO complexes. Chem Rev 2002; 102:935-92. [PMID: 11942784 DOI: 10.1021/cr000074t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Ueno T, Suzuki Y, Fujii S, Vanin AF, Yoshimura T. In vivo nitric oxide transfer of a physiological NO carrier, dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex, to target complex. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:485-93. [PMID: 11853699 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex (DNIC) has been identified as an endogenous NO carrier, yet in vivo mechanisms of NO donation remain undefined. Transnitrosylation, in which a coordinated NO group is transferred to another metal complex, has been observed in transition-metal-nitrosyl chemistry. In this study, we used three kinds of iron dithiocarbamate complexes (Fe-DTCs) as NO acceptors to elucidate in vivo transnitrosylation of diglutathionyl dinitrosyl iron complex [DNIC-(GS)(2)]. Fe-DTCs were administered to mice after the injection of DNIC-(GS)(2) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were measured both in the resected organs and in the upper abdomen of living mice. The spectral feature gradually changed from an initial DNIC-(GS)(2) signal to mononitrosyl iron dithiocarbamate one, suggesting that NO-Fe-DTC was formed through in vivo reaction of DNIC-(GS)(2) with Fe-DTC. The spectral results in in vitro and in vivo systems indicate that NO-Fe-DTCs can be formed not only by the transfer of coordinated NO-group(s) in DNIC-(GS)(2) but also by the abstraction of Fe-NO group in DNIC-(GS)(2) by free DTC ligands. Transnitrosylation proceeded more rapidly in blood than in liver and kidney; and more efficiently in kidney than in liver. Further, the ability to accept NO from DNIC was dependent on water-solubility of Fe-DTCs. Thus, in vivo transnitrosylation from DNIC to exogenous iron complex could be observed and this reaction was influenced by biological constituents and properties of iron complex. These results demonstrate that the transnitrosylation from DNIC to intrinsic NO acceptors like metalloproteins has a probable significance in in vivo NO transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Ueno
- Laboratory of Applied Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Public Corporation for the Development of Industry, Yamagata, Japan
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Abstract
At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate concentrations, however, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion, and related reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. Many of the ROS-mediated responses actually protect the cells against oxidative stress and reestablish "redox homeostasis." Higher organisms, however, have evolved the use of NO and ROS also as signaling molecules for other physiological functions. These include regulation of vascular tone, monitoring of oxygen tension in the control of ventilation and erythropoietin production, and signal transduction from membrane receptors in various physiological processes. NO and ROS are typically generated in these cases by tightly regulated enzymes such as NO synthase (NOS) and NAD(P)H oxidase isoforms, respectively. In a given signaling protein, oxidative attack induces either a loss of function, a gain of function, or a switch to a different function. Excessive amounts of ROS may arise either from excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidases or from less well-regulated sources such as the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. In mitochondria, ROS are generated as undesirable side products of the oxidative energy metabolism. An excessive and/or sustained increase in ROS production has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, obstructive sleep apnea, and other diseases. In addition, free radicals have been implicated in the mechanism of senescence. That the process of aging may result, at least in part, from radical-mediated oxidative damage was proposed more than 40 years ago by Harman (J Gerontol 11: 298-300, 1956). There is growing evidence that aging involves, in addition, progressive changes in free radical-mediated regulatory processes that result in altered gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Dröge
- Division of Immunochemistry, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
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