1
|
Khalife M, Stankovic D, Stankovic V, Danicka J, Rizzotto F, Costache V, Schwok AS, Gaudu P, Vidic J. Electrochemical biosensor based on NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductase for rapid and efficient detection of vitamin K 3. Food Chem 2024; 433:137316. [PMID: 37690134 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K refers to a group of vitamins that play an important role in blood coagulation and regulation of bone and vascular metabolism. However, vitamin K3 may give severe side effects in animal and humans when improperly added to food and feed due to its toxicity. Here, an electrochemical biosensor, based on the YaiB NADPH-dependent quinone reductase from Lactococcus lactis (YaiB), was developed to achieve rapid and redox probe-free detection of vitamin K3. First, the ability of the carbon electrode to distinguish between 1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone was demonstrated. Then, we engineered YaiB to work as a bioreceptor immobilized at the electrode and its sensitivity and specificity to reduce vitamin K3 were demonstrated. Finally, to demonstrate the practical potential of the biosensor, we tested it directly in spiked milk samples, achieving 15-minute quantification of the vitamin K3. The limit of detection was 0.87 µM and 4.1 µM in buffer and milk, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majd Khalife
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dalibor Stankovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stankovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julia Danicka
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Rizzotto
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Vlad Costache
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; MIMA2 Imaging Core Facility, INRAE, Microscopie et Imagerie des Microorganismes, Animaux et Aliments, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Gaudu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ge Q, Zhang L, Sun Z, Cai J, Jiang X, Wang H, Li X, Yu C, Xiao C, Liu Z. The mediation effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplement in the association between serum vitamin K levels and musculoskeletal disorders in preschool children. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1239954. [PMID: 38188876 PMCID: PMC10766770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1239954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin K deficiency may elevate the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), whereas it lacks validation for pediatric populations and has uncertain dose recommendations. In this context, we hypothesized that serum vitamin K levels are associated with MSD in preschool children, and the widely used vitamin A and vitamin D supplements may mediate these associations based on potential mechanisms, which expects to provide guidance for future practice. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sichuan province in southwestern China, from January 2021 to May 2022. Serum levels of vitamin K1/K2 and 25(OH)D were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method, and the diagnosis of MSD was executed by clinicians. Overall and stratified logistic regression analysis based on categorized 25(OH)D levels were conducted to assess association between serum vitamin K levels and MSD prevalence after adjusting for confounders. Mediation analysis was further performed and vitamin A and D supplementation was regressed as the mediator. Results A total of 6,368 children aged 0-6 years old were enrolled. MSD was identified in 1179 (18.51%) of the children, while 5,189 (81.49%) of them did not present such disorder. After adjusting confounders, a significant difference was found in serum vitamin K1 level between children in MSD and Non-MSD group (OR = 0.802, 95%CI 0.745-0.864). No significant difference was found in serum vitamin K2 level between the two groups (OR = 0.975, 95%CI 0.753-1.261). The association between vitamin K1 level and MSD prevalence was partly (36.8%) mediated by vitamin A and D supplementation. Conclusions A low serum vitamin K1 level is connected with an increased risk of MSD among children, highlighting that vitamin A and D supplementation is a helpful intervention to prevent MSD in children with vitamin K deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyue Ge
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyuan Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiarui Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health Care of Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxi Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Sun C, Wu S, Ding S, Chen L, Wu L, Lou J, Xia B, Wang L. Determination of vitamin K in infant formulas by liquid chromatography-online electrochemical reduction based on porous Pt/Ti electrode-fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2023; 426:136534. [PMID: 37302307 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective HPLC method for the determination of vitamin K vitamers including phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MK-4) in infant formulas is described. The K vitamers were quantified with a fluorescence detector after online post-column electrochemical reduction occurring in a laboratory-made electrochemical reactor (ECR) equipped with platinum plated porous titanium (Pt/Ti) electrodes. The morphology of the electrode showed that the grain size of Pt was homogeneous and well plated on the porous Ti substrate, resulting in largely improved electrochemical reduction efficiency due to the large specific surface area. In addition, the operation parameters such as mobile phase/supporting electrolyte and working potential were optimized. The detection limits of PK and MK-4 were 0.81 and 0.78 ng g-1. Infant formula varying in stages were detected, showing PK ranged from 26.4 to 71.2 µg/100 g, while MK-4 was not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Shuchao Wu
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Liying Wu
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jian Lou
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu C, Cunqing Y, Chun G, Min W, Jun L, Xueyun H, Jiaxin F, Li S, Cheng A, Guijian L, Fengxiang S, Bo P. The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:325-330. [PMID: 35504322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K is involved in the formation of coronary artery calcification which is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. This study aims to explore the association between coronary artery calcification score and serum concentrations of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS A total of 116 patients who underwent CT coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Serum concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between coronary artery calcification score and serum vitamin K concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS Significantly lower serum vitamin K1 concentration was found in the patients with CACS > 400, comparing with the other CACS categories, respectively. Log (CACS + 1) was significantly higher in MK-4 < 0.05 ng/ml group compared with MK-4 ≥ 0.05 ng/ml group [2.03(0.21, 2.58) vs 1.31(0.00, 2.19), P < 0.05]. In subjects with established coronary calcification (defined as CACS > 10), vitamin K1 was found to be an independent factor contributing to higher CACS (r = -0.288, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, serum vitamin K1 and MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly cohorts with increasing calcification scores. The significant effect of vitamin K1 on CACS was only found in individuals who already had calcification. Whether the detection of circulating vitamin K in patients with preexisting coronary calcification could guide vitamin K supplementation needs further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Yang Cunqing
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Gu Chun
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Wu Min
- General Internal Department, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Li Jun
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Hou Xueyun
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Fei Jiaxin
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - An Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Liu Guijian
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Shi Fengxiang
- Department of Radiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China.
| | - Pang Bo
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Simultaneous Determination of Vitamin E and Vitamin K in Food Supplements Using Adsorptive Stripping Square-Wave Voltammetry at Glassy Carbon Electrode. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new voltammetric method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E and vitamin K present in different types of commercially available food supplements has been developed. This electroanalytical method is based on the ex situ adsorptive accumulation of these biologically active compounds onto the surface of a solid glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with subsequent electrochemical detection by square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry in 0.01-mol L−1 HNO3 containing 0.1-mol L−1 KCl at pH 2.08. Due to reversible electrochemical reactions of phylloquinone, a subsequent voltammetric detection of both vitamins in anodic mode can be performed. Since individual forms of vitamins E and K usually exhibit nearly identical electrochemical behavior, it is therefore impossible to distinguish individual forms (quinones and tocopherols) and determine their molar concentrations in this way. Thus, the values of vitamin content were expressed as mass equivalent of phylloquinone and α-tocopherol as they are the most biologically active forms. Despite the high sensitivity, relatively short linear ranges were obtained due to the interaction (competition) of both vitamins during adsorption onto the freshly polished surface of the GCE from a 50% aqueous–acetonitrile mixture. The obtained results showed that the voltammetric approach is a very simple and low-cost analytical method that can be used in analyses of food supplements.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Chhonker YS, Bala V, Hagg A, Snetselaar LG, Wahls TL, Murry DJ. Reversed phase UPLC/APCI-MS determination of Vitamin K1 and menaquinone-4 in human plasma: Application to a clinical study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 183:113147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
7
|
Jesadabundit W, Chaiyo S, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O. Simple and Cost‐Effective Electrochemical Approach for Monitoring of Vitamin K in Green Vegetables. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitchuta Jesadabundit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn University Patumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringChulalongkorn University Patumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSrinakharinwirot University Sukhumvit 23 Bangkok 10110 Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn University Patumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials TechnologyChulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mizuiri S, Nishizawa Y, Yamashita K, Ono K, Naito T, Tanji C, Usui K, Doi S, Masaki T, Shigemoto K. Relationship of matrix Gla protein and vitamin K with vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2019; 41:770-777. [PMID: 31538831 PMCID: PMC7011966 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1650065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated associations of serum matrix Gla protein (MGP), plasma vitamin K1, and plasma vitamin K2 with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: Subjects comprised 112 MHD patients aged 30-60 years and 40 age-matched healthy subjects. Total MGP, vitamin K1, vitamin K2, and lipid profile were examined in all subjects; other clinical data, medication use, and CACS were assessed only in MHD patients. Determinants of MGP in all subjects were identified by regression analysis. Factors associated with CACS and CVD in MHD patients were identified by regression analysis and logistic analysis, respectively. Results: Lower plasma levels of vitamin K1 corrected for triglycerides [0.39 (0.24-0.70) vs. 0.77 (0.48-1.34) ng/mg, p < 0.001], higher frequency of plasma vitamin K2 ≤ 0.05 ng/ml (p = 0.23), and higher serum total MGP (288.4 ± 44.2 vs. 159.7 ± 40.6 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) were observed in MHD patients than in healthy controls. Total MGP level was significantly associated with levels of vitamin K1 corrected for triglycerides (p <0 .001) and vitamin K2 ≤ 0.05 ng/ml (p < 0.05) in all subjects. Total MGP level was significantly associated with presence of CVD (p <0 .05), but not CACS, in MHD patients. Conclusion: The end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis is a deficiency state of vitamin K. Total MGP was significantly higher in MHD patients compared to healthy subjects and total MGP was associated with the presence of CVD, but not CACS, in MHD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonoo Mizuiri
- Division of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Kyoka Ono
- Division of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Chie Tanji
- Ichiyokai Ichiyokai Clinic,
Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Usui
- Ichiyokai Ichiyokai Clinic,
Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Bala V, Mao Z, Chhonker YS, Murry DJ. A concise review of quantification methods for determination of vitamin K in various biological matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:133-141. [PMID: 30861405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient in the body and involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions. Both the lack and surplus of vitamin K can put human health at risk. Therefore, it becomes necessary to monitor vitamin K concentrations in different biomatrices through establishing sensitive and specific analytical methods. This review collectively describes an updated overview of the sample pretreatment methodologies and methods for quantitative determination of vitamin K that have been used in last two decades. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is commonly utilized as a standard for separation of vitamin K in combination with different detection including spectroscopic, spectrometric, fluorometric and mass spectroscopy. Recent progress in sample pretreatment technologies and quantitation methodologies have enhanced the ability to identify and quantitate vitamin K in biomatrices to further advance our understanding of the role of this vitamin in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Veenu Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Zhihao Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, United States
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Clinical Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Clinical Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vermeer C, Raes J, van 't Hoofd C, Knapen MHJ, Xanthoulea S. Menaquinone Content of Cheese. Nutrients 2018; 10:E446. [PMID: 29617314 PMCID: PMC5946231 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K₂ (menaquinone) concentrations were measured in a wide range of cheeses and the effects of fat content, ripening and origin of the cheeses were investigated. Moreover, the menaquinone content of cheese was compared with that of other foods known to contain vitamin K₂. It was found that cheese and curd are the most important sources of long-chain menaquinones in the Western diet and, in general, hard cheeses are richer in menaquinones than soft cheeses. However, the actual menaquinone content varies substantially and is dependent on the type of cheese, the time of ripening, the fat content and the geographic area where the cheeses are produced. Given the fact that poor vitamin K status has been mentioned as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, while there is no clear evidence for adverse cardiovascular effects of dairy fats, cheese should be considered as a recommendable component in a heart-healthy diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cees Vermeer
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joyce Raes
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cynthia van 't Hoofd
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjo H J Knapen
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jedlińska K, Strus M, Baś B. A new electrochemical sensor with the Refreshable Silver Liquid Amalgam Film multi-Electrode for sensitive voltammetric determination of vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
12
|
Wei H, Zhao G, Liu H, Wang H, Ni W, Wang P, Zheng Z. A simple and efficient method for the extraction and separation of menaquinone homologs from wet biomass of Flavobacterium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:107-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Jedynak Ł, Jedynak M, Kossykowska M, Zagrodzka J. A novel method for the determination of chemical purity and assay of menaquinone-7. Comparison with the methods from the official USP monograph. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 135:116-125. [PMID: 28024259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method with UV detection and separation with the use of a C30 reversed phase analytical column for the determination of chemical purity and assay of menaquinone-7 (MK7) in one chromatographic run was developed. The method is superior to the methods published in the USP Monograph in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy, as well as time, solvent and sample consumption. The developed methodology was applied to MK7 samples of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) purity, MK7 samples of lower quality and crude MK7 samples before purification. The comparison of the results revealed that the use of USP methodology could lead to serious overestimation (up to a few percent) of both purity and MK7 assay in menaquinone-7 samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jedynak
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Jedynak
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kossykowska
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zagrodzka
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A novel salting-out assisted extraction coupled with HPLC- fluorescence detection for trace determination of vitamin K homologues in human plasma. Talanta 2015; 144:480-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Taguchi K, Fukusaki E, Bamba T. Simultaneous analysis for water- and fat-soluble vitamins by a novel single chromatography technique unifying supercritical fluid chromatography and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:270-7. [PMID: 25200530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography techniques usually use a single state in the mobile phase, such as liquid, gas, or supercritical fluid. Chromatographers manage one of these techniques for their purpose but are sometimes required to use multiple methods, or even worse, multiple techniques when the target compounds have a wide range of chemical properties. To overcome this challenge, we developed a single method covering a diverse compound range by means of a "unified" chromatography which completely bridges supercritical fluid chromatography and liquid chromatography. In our method, the phase state was continuously changed in the following order; supercritical, subcritical and liquid. Moreover, the gradient of the mobile phase starting at almost 100% CO2 was replaced with 100% methanol at the end completely. As a result, this approach achieved further extension of the polarity range of the mobile phase in a single run, and successfully enabled the simultaneous analysis of fat- and water-soluble vitamins with a wide logP range of -2.11 to 10.12. Furthermore, the 17 vitamins were exceptionally separated in 4min. Our results indicated that the use of dense CO2 and the replacement of CO2 by methanol are practical approaches in unified chromatography covering diverse compounds. Additionally, this is a first report to apply the novel approach to unified chromatography, and can open another door for diverse compound analysis in a single chromatographic technique with single injection, single column and single system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Taguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kishikawa N, Kuroda N. Analytical techniques for the determination of biologically active quinones in biological and environmental samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:261-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Distribution of vitamin K2 in subchondral bone in osteoarthritic knee joints. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:1813-8. [PMID: 23070274 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin K may have multiple effects on articular cartilage and subchondral bone that could modulate the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of vitamin K2 in harvested bones obtained during total knee arthroplasty in knee OA patients. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure vitamin K2 in harvested bones obtained during 58 TKA procedures. Vitamin K2 levels were analysed in the medial (FM) and lateral (FL) femoral condyles and in the medial (TM) and lateral (TL) tibial condyles. RESULTS There was significantly more vitamin K2 in the lateral femoral and tibial condyles than in the corresponding medial condyles (FL vs. FM, p < 0.0001; TL vs. TM, p < 0.0001). There was significantly more vitamin K2 in the FL than in the TL (p = 0.003), and in the FM, vitamin K2 levels were higher than those of the TM, although this was not significant (n.s.). There were no significant differences in vitamin K2 levels in men versus women nor was there a significant correlation with age. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that vitamin K2 might affect bone turnover since medial condyles showing advanced OA had lower vitamin K2 levels, while lateral condyles showing less advanced OA contained more vitamin K2. Gender and age were not correlated with vitamin K2 localization. All cases had Grade IV OA, and this study suggested that OA grade might be important in controlling the vitamin K2 levels in human bones.
Collapse
|
19
|
Atia NN, Ahmed S. A VALIDATED HIGH-THROUGHPUT CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN K HOMOLOGUES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noha N. Atia
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Sameh Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Selective chemiluminescence method for monitoring of vitamin K homologues in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Talanta 2011; 85:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
21
|
Quantitative determination of plasma vitamin K1 by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2010; 401:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Card DJ, Shearer MJ, Schurgers LJ, Harrington DJ. The external quality assurance of phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) analysis in human serum. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 23:1276-82. [PMID: 19488978 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin K external quality assurance scheme (KEQAS) aims to assist in the harmonization of phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) analysis in order to improve the comparability of clinical and nutritional studies. Serum samples were despatched to 17 groups from eight countries during 2000-2006. Using pilot data (1996-1999), an analytical performance target of 20% absolute difference from the all-laboratory trimmed mean (ALTM) was assigned and formed the basis for interlaboratory comparison. Assay specificity, analytical bias and assay performance were evaluated. From 21 batches of samples distributed, 414 results were reported of which 2.7% were outliers. The mean interlaboratory absolute difference from the ALTM was 21.7% with 47% of groups consistently meeting the performance target. The mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 29.6%. The false positive rate for phylloquinone depleted samples was high at 35%. Bias was found to be independent of HPLC-detector type (fluorescence vs electrochemical). Assay characteristics for the measurement of phylloquinone in human serum compare favourably with methods for analytes at equivalent concentrations. The high proportion of false positive results suggest that poor assay specificity at low phylloquinone concentrations is a common problem, which in the clinical setting could lead to underreporting of vitamin K deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Card
- The Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis (Nutristasis Unit), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chemiluminescence assay for quinones based on generation of reactive oxygen species through the redox cycle of quinone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1337-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Osman A, Hannestad U. A possible ethanol-catalyzed rearrangement of vitamin K(1) detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3861-3866. [PMID: 18980252 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied vitamin K(1)(20), vitamin K(1)(25), and vitamin K(1) epoxide in n-hexane and ethanol solutions by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) utilizing a DB-5 MS fused-silica capillary column. In ethanol solutions of K(1), we observed an extra peak eluting from the GC column with somewhat longer retention time than K(1)(20). A similar peak following K(1)(25) was also found. These peaks were not found in n-hexane solutions of K(1). A close examination of the mass spectra of these peaks indicated that they were vitamin K(1) variants containing a base peak at m/z 225 characteristic of the methylnaphthoquinone ring with a four-carbon side chain. In addition, they contained the molecular ions of K(1)(20) and K(1)(25), respectively. We conclude that K(1)(20) and K(1)(25), but not K(1) epoxide, might undergo rearrangements in ethanol involving an intramolecular proton transfer and a shift of the beta,gamma-double bond on the phytyl side chain toward the ring. The conjugation of the phytyl double bond with the quinone ring is probably the driving force of the rearrangement. We emphasize, however, that our conclusion is based only on mass spectral analysis and would require further investigation by other spectroscopic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdimajid Osman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Azharuddin MK, O'Reilly DSJ, Gray A, Talwar D. HPLC Method for Plasma Vitamin K1: Effect of Plasma Triglyceride and Acute-Phase Response on Circulating Concentrations. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1706-13. [PMID: 17712007 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.086280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The plasma concentration of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is the most reliable index for assessing vitamin K status. Our aim was to analytically validate an HPLC method for quantifying phylloquinone in plasma and to examine the effect of plasma triglyceride concentration on the phylloquinone reference interval. We also examined the effect of acute-phase response on phylloquinone concentration in plasma.Methods: Phylloquinone was extracted from fasting plasma samples by deproteinization and C18 solid-phase extraction, separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically after postcolumn reduction with a platinum catalyst. We synthesized a novel internal calibrator, docosyl naphthoate.Results: The recovery of phylloquinone was >90%. Between-run imprecision was 8.7%–9.0%, and within-run imprecision was 3.8%–7.0%. The linearity was up to 44.8 nmol/L, limit of detection 0.08 nmol/L, and limit of quantification 0.14 nmol/L. The correlation between plasma phylloquinone and triglyceride concentrations was r = 0.7 in the reference population. The 95% reference interval for the phylloquinone:triglyceride ratio was 0.20 to 2.20 nmol/mmol. Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein were significantly increased, whereas triglyceride and phylloquinone but not the phylloquinone:triglyceride ratio were transiently decreased >50% after surgery.Conclusion: Phylloquinone population reference intervals should be expressed as a ratio of the triglyceride concentration. Phylloquinone concentrations in plasma are decreased in acute-phase response and, unless corrected for plasma triglyceride concentration, are unlikely to be a reliable index of vitamin K status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Azharuddin
- Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahmed S, Kishikawa N, Nakashima K, Kuroda N. Determination of vitamin K homologues by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line photoreactor and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:148-54. [PMID: 17481401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and highly selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of vitamin K homologues including phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in human plasma using post-column peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) detection following on-line ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The method was based on ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm, 15 W) of vitamin K to produce hydrogen peroxide and a fluorescent product at the same time, which can be determined with PO-CL detection. The separation of vitamin K by HPLC was accomplished isocratically on an ODS column within 35 min. The method involves the use of 2-methyl-3-pentadecyl-1,4-naphthoquinone as an internal standard. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 32, 38 and 85 fmol for PK, MK-4 and MK-7, respectively. The recoveries of PK, MK-4 and MK-7 were greater than 82% and the inter- and intra-assay R.S.D. values were 1.9-5.4%. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method were sufficient for clinical and nutritional applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Ahmed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Özkan SA. LC with Electrochemical Detection. Recent Application to Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
28
|
Pérez-Ruiz T, Martínez-Lozano C, García MAD, Martín J. High-performance liquid chromatography–photochemical reduction in aerobic conditions for determination of K vitamins using fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1141:67-72. [PMID: 17178126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of a post-column detection system for K vitamins based on their photoreduction to the hydroquinone form is reported. The photoreduction yield is practically quantitative and occurs in a PTFE tubing coiled around a 6-W low-pressure mercury lamp in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and methanol. Factors affecting the rate of the photochemical reaction were optimised so that its contribution to the total broadening was negligible. The enhanced fluorescence and stability of the K vitamins reduced in micellar medium has permitted the use of a very sensitive photochemical detection system, which can work in aerobic conditions. Separations were carried out by reverse-phase chromatography using pure methanol as eluent. The determination of phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 and menadione in several real samples illustrates the potential of the photochemical detection system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pérez-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ahmed S, Fujii S, Kishikawa N, Ohba Y, Nakashima K, Kuroda N. Selective determination of quinones by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line post column ultraviolet irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:76-82. [PMID: 16920126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of quinones with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) detection following on-line UV irradiation. Quinones [i.e., 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone] were UV irradiated (254 nm, 15 W) to generate hydrogen peroxide and a fluorescent product that were determined via PO-CL detection. Generation of hydrogen peroxide from quinones with on-line UV irradiation was confirmed using flow injection analysis (FIA) system whereby incorporating an enzyme column reactor immobilized with catalase. Moreover, the structure of the produced fluorophore was confirmed using LC-MS, IR, and (1)H NMR. Afterwards, the conditions for UV irradiation and PO-CL detection were optimized. The separation of four quinones by HPLC was accomplished isocratically on an ODS column within 25 min. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=3) were 6.0 pmol/injection for 1,2-naphthoquinone, 4.4 pmol/injection for 1,4-naphthoquinone, 0.2 pmol/injection for 9,10-anthraquinone, and 0.45 pmol/injection for 9,10-phenanthrenequinone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Ahmed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamamoto Y, Poyart C, Trieu-Cuot P, Lamberet G, Gruss A, Gaudu P. Respiration metabolism of Group B Streptococcus is activated by environmental haem and quinone and contributes to virulence. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56:525-34. [PMID: 15813741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common constituent of the vaginal microflora, but its transmission to newborns can cause life-threatening sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis. Energy metabolism of this opportunist pathogen has been deduced to be strictly fermentative. We discovered that GBS undergoes respiration metabolism if its environment supplies two essential respiratory components: quinone and haem. Respiration metabolism led to significant changes in growth characteristics, including a doubling of biomass and an altered metabolite profile under the tested conditions. The GBS respiratory chain is inactivated by: (i) withdrawing haem and/or quinone, (ii) treating cultures with a respiration inhibitor or (iii) inactivating the cydA gene product, a subunit of cytochrome bd quinol oxidase, in all cases resulting in exclusively fermentative growth. cydA inactivation reduced GBS growth in human blood and strongly attenuated virulence in a neonatal rat sepsis model, suggesting that the animal host may supply the components that activate GBS respiration. These results suggest a role of respiration metabolism in GBS dissemination. Our findings show that environmental factors can increase the flexibility of GBS metabolism by activating a newly identified respiration chain. The need for two environmental factors may explain why GBS respiration metabolism was not found in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Recherches Laitières et Génétique Appliquée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bâtiment 222, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kamao M, Suhara Y, Tsugawa N, Okano T. Determination of plasma Vitamin K by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using Vitamin K analogs as internal standards. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 816:41-8. [PMID: 15664332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A HPLC fluorescence determination method for Vitamin K derivatives (Vitamin K(1), phylloquinone, PK and K(2), menaquinones, MK-4 and MK-7) using post-column reduction and internal standards was developed. Selectivity and reproducibility were increased by optimized chromatography conditions and satisfactory precision and accuracy were attained by using synthetic internal standards. After addition of internal standards to plasma samples, lipids were extracted with ethanol and hexane. Chromatography was performed by isocratic reverse phase separation on a C18 column. Vitamin K derivatives were detected at 430 nm with excitation at 320 nm for MK-4 and 240 nm for PK and MK-7. The detection limits for MK-4, PK and MK-7 were 4, 2 and 4 pg, respectively. The recoveries of MK-4, PK and MK-7 were greater than 92% and the inter- and intra-assay R.S.D. values were 5.7-9.2% for MK-4, 4.9-9.6% for PK and 6.3-19.3% for MK-7. The data showed good correlation between proposed method and LC-APCI/MS method for MK-4 (R(2)=0.988), PK (R(2)=0.979) and MK-7 (R(2)=0.986). The method allows the determination of Vitamin K for evaluating their clinical and nutritional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kamao
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K, Buszewski B. Some remarks on characterization and application of stationary phases for RP-HPLC determination of biologically important compounds. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:4-22. [PMID: 16041787 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as vitamins, steroids, nucleosides, peptides and proteins play a very important role in coordinating living organism functions. Determination of those substances is indispensable in pathogenesis. Their complex structure and physico-chemical properties cause many analytical problems. Chromatography is the most common technique used in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The interaction between analyte and stationary phase plays a major role in the separation process. The structure of the packing has a significant influence on the results of the separation process. Various types of spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy can be useful tools for the characterization of packings. Surface area measurements, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and microcalorimetric measurements are also helpful in this field. Part of the paper contains a description of chromatographic tests used for the determination of column properties. The description of the possibilities of surface characterization is not complete, but is focused on the most popular techniques and practical chromatographic tests. All the presented methods made possible the design and quality control of a new generation stationary phases, which are the future of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin St., Pl-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simultaneous determination of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|