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Arencibia JM, Brindani N, Franco-Ulloa S, Nigro M, Kuriappan JA, Ottonello G, Bertozzi SM, Summa M, Girotto S, Bertorelli R, Armirotti A, De Vivo M. Design, Synthesis, Dynamic Docking, Biochemical Characterization, and in Vivo Pharmacokinetics Studies of Novel Topoisomerase II Poisons with Promising Antiproliferative Activity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3508-3521. [PMID: 32196342 PMCID: PMC7997578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
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We
previously reported a first set of hybrid topoisomerase II (topoII)
poisons whose chemical core merges key pharmacophoric elements of
etoposide and merbarone, which are two well-known topoII blockers.
Here, we report on the expansion of this hybrid molecular scaffold
and present 16 more hybrid derivatives that have been designed, synthesized,
and characterized for their ability to block topoII and for their
overall drug-like profile. Some of these compounds act as topoII poison
and exhibit good solubility, metabolic (microsomal) stability, and
promising cytotoxicity in three cancer cell lines (DU145, HeLa, A549).
Compound 3f (ARN24139) is the most promising drug-like
candidate, with a good pharmacokinetics profile in vivo. Our results indicate that this hybrid new chemical class of topoII
poisons deserves further exploration and that 3f is a
favorable lead candidate as a topoII poison, meriting future studies
to test its efficacy in in vivo tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Arencibia
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brindani
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Franco-Ulloa
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Analytical Chemistry and in Vivo Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Analytical Chemistry and in Vivo Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Analytical Chemistry and in Vivo Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Analytical Chemistry and in Vivo Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry and in Vivo Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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2
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Kuriappan JA, Osheroff N, De Vivo M. Smoothed Potential MD Simulations for Dissociation Kinetics of Etoposide To Unravel Isoform Specificity in Targeting Human Topoisomerase II. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4007-4017. [PMID: 31449404 PMCID: PMC6800198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Human
type II topoisomerases (TopoII) are essential for controlling
DNA topology within the cell. For this reason, there are a number
of TopoII-targeted anticancer drugs that act by inducing DNA cleavage
mediated by both TopoII isoforms (TopoIIα and TopoIIβ)
in cells. However, recent studies suggest that specific poisoning
of TopoIIα may be a safer strategy for treating cancer. This
is because poisoning of TopoIIβ appears to be linked to the
generation of secondary leukemia in patients. We recently reported
that enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage complexes (in which TopoII is covalently
linked to the cleaved DNA during catalysis) formed in the presence
of the anticancer drug etoposide persisted approximately 3-fold longer
with TopoIIα than TopoIIβ. Notably, enhanced drug-target
residence time may reduce the adverse effects of specific TopoIIα
poisons. However, it is still not clear how to design drugs that are
specific for the α isoform. In this study, we report the results
of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to comparatively
analyze the molecular interactions formed within the TopoII/DNA/etoposide
complex with both isoforms. We also used smoothed potential MD to
estimate etoposide dissociation kinetics from the two isoform complexes.
These extensive classical and enhanced sampling simulations revealed
stabilizing interactions of etoposide with two serine residues (Ser763
and Ser800) in TopoIIα. These interactions are missing in TopoIIβ,
where both amino acids are alanine residues. This may explain the
greater persistence of etoposide-stabilized cleavage complexes formed
with Topo TopoIIα. These findings could be useful for the rational
design of specific TopoIIα poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-6307 , United States.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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3
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Current updates on microRNAs as regulators of chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1000-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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4
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Subhani S, Vavilala DT, Mukherji M. HIF inhibitors for ischemic retinopathies and cancers: options beyond anti-VEGF therapies. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:257-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Kubanik M, Kandioller W, Kim K, Anderson RF, Klapproth E, Jakupec MA, Roller A, Söhnel T, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. Towards targeting anticancer drugs: ruthenium(ii)–arene complexes with biologically active naphthoquinone-derived ligand systems. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13091-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-[1,4]-naphthoquinone-derived ligands and their RuII(η6-p-cymene)Cl complexes were prepared with the aim to obtain multimodal anticancer agents.
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6
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Cohen K, Emmanuel R, Kisin-Finfer E, Shabat D, Peer D. Modulation of drug resistance in ovarian adenocarcinoma using chemotherapy entrapped in hyaluronan-grafted nanoparticle clusters. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2183-2195. [PMID: 24494862 DOI: 10.1021/nn500205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is considered a major cause of chemotherapy failure. One of the major mediators of resistance is the multidrug extrusion pump protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter with broad substrate specificity. In order to bypass this drug resistance mechanism, we have devised phospholipid-based nanoparticle clusters coated with the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, the major ligand of CD44, which is upregulated and undergoes different splice variations in many types of cancer cells. These particles, termed glycosaminoglycan particle nanoclusters or gagomers (GAGs), were self-assembled into ∼500 nm diameter clusters, with zeta-potential values of ∼-70 mV. Flow cytometry analysis provided evidence that, unlike free doxorubicin (DOX), a model chemotherapy, DOX entrapped in the GAGs (DOX-GAGs) accumulated in P-gp-overexpressing human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line and dramatically decreased cell viability, while drug-free GAGs and the commercially available drug DOXIL (PEGylated liposomal DOX) did not produce therapeutic benefit. Furthermore, by using RNA interference strategy, we showed that DOX-GAGs were able to overcome the P-gp-mediated resistant mechanism of these cells. Most importantly, DOX-GAGs showed a superior therapeutic effect over free DOX in a resistant human ovarian adenocarcinoma mouse xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrated that GAGs might serve as an efficient platform for delivery of therapeutic payloads by bypassing P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Cohen
- Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ⊥School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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7
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Vekhoff P, Duca M, Guianvarc'h D, Benhida R, Arimondo PB. Sequence-specific base pair mimics are efficient topoisomerase IB inhibitors. Biochemistry 2011; 51:43-51. [PMID: 22124209 DOI: 10.1021/bi2012959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IB controls DNA topology by cleaving DNA transiently. This property is used by inhibitors, such as camptothecin, that stabilize, by inhibiting the religation step, the cleavage complex, in which the enzyme is covalently attached to the 3'-phosphate of the cleaved DNA strand. These drugs are used in clinics as antitumor agents. Because three-dimensional structural studies have shown that camptothecin derivatives act as base pair mimics and intercalate between two base pairs in the ternary DNA-topoisomerase-inhibitor complex, we hypothesized that base pairs mimics could act like campthotecin and inhibit the religation reaction after the formation of the topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage complex. We show here that three base pair mimics, nucleobases analogues of the aminophenyl-thiazole family, once targeted specifically to a DNA sequence were potent topoisomerase IB inhibitors. The targeting was achieved through covalent linkage to a sequence-specific DNA ligand, a triplex-forming oligonucleotide, and was necessary to position and keep the nucleobase analogue in the cleavage complex. In the absence of triplex formation, only a weak binding to the DNA and topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage was observed. The three compounds were equally active once conjugated, implying that the intercalation of the nucleobase upon triplex formation is the essential feature for the inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vekhoff
- CNRS UMR7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Matuszak N, Hamtiaux L, Baldeyroux B, Muccioli GG, Poupaert JH, Lansiaux A, Lambert DM. Dual inhibition of MAGL and type II topoisomerase by N-phenylmaleimides as a potential strategy to reduce neuroblastoma cell growth. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 45:263-71. [PMID: 22127371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in numerous physiopathological processes while more and more pieces of evidence wave the link between this complex machinery and cancer related phenomenon. In these lines, we confirmed the effects of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the main endocannabinoid, on neuroblastoma cells proliferation in vitro, and proved that some N-phenylmaleimide compounds that were previously shown as MAGL inhibitors can also inhibit type 2 topoisomerase. We also shed light on their antiproliferative effects on a neuroblastoma cell line. In order to establish a link between MAGL inhibition, topoisomerase inhibition and the effects on N1E-115 cells, we tested combinations of maleimides or known endocannabinoid metabolism inhibitors and 2-AG, the major MAGL substrate, on N1E-115 cells. However, none of the inhibitors tested, except the carbamate CAY10499, managed to increase 2-AG's effects. Even the MAGL reference inhibitor JZL184 failed to induce a stronger inhibition of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Matuszak
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), 73 avenue E. Mounier, bte B1.73.10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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9
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Naik PK, Dubey A, Soni K, Kumar R, Singh H. The binding modes and binding affinities of epipodophyllotoxin derivatives with human topoisomerase IIα. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:546-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Stierlé V, Duca M, Halby L, Senamaud-Beaufort C, Capobianco ML, Laigle A, Jollès B, Arimondo PB. Targeting MDR1 gene: synthesis and cellular study of modified daunomycin-triplex-forming oligonucleotide conjugates able to inhibit gene expression in resistant cell lines. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1568-77. [PMID: 18299310 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.042010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversal of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype is very important for chemotherapy success. In fact, the expression of the MDR1 gene-encoded P-glycoprotein (P-gp) actively expels antitumor agents such as daunomycin (DNM) out of the cells, resulting in drug resistance. We show that upon conjugation to triplex-forming oligonucleotides, it is possible to address DNM in resistant cells (MCF7-R and NIH-MDR-G185). The oligonucleotide moiety of the conjugate changes the cellular penetration properties of the antitumor agent that is no more the target of P-gp in resistant cells. We observe an accumulation of conjugated DNM in cells up to 72 h. For more efficient delivery in the cells' nuclei, transfectant agents must be used. In addition, the conjugate recognizes a sequence located in exon 3 of MDR1, and it inhibits its gene expression as measured both by Western blot and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vérène Stierlé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5153 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-MNHN USM0503, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UR565, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Hartmann JT, Lipp HP. Camptothecin and podophyllotoxin derivatives: inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II - mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile. Drug Saf 2007; 29:209-30. [PMID: 16524321 DOI: 10.2165/00002018-200629030-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecins represent an established class of effective agents that selectively target topoisomerase I by trapping the catalytic intermediate of the topoisomerase I-DNA reaction, the cleavage complex. The water-soluble salt camptothecin-sodium - introduced in early trials in the 1960s - was highly toxic in animals, whereas the semisynthetic derivatives irinotecan and topotecan did not cause haemorrhagic cystitis because of their higher physicochemical stability and solubility at lower pH values. Myelosuppression, neutropenia and, to a lesser extent, thrombocytopenia are dose-limiting toxic effects of topotecan. In contrast to the structurally-related topotecan, irinotecan is a prodrug which has to be converted to SN-38, its active form. SN-38 is inactivated by conjugation, thus patients with Gilbert's syndrome and other forms of genetic glucuronidation deficiency are at an increased risk of irinotecan-induced adverse effects, such as neutropenia and diarrhoea. The cytotoxic mechanism of podophyllotoxin is the inhibition of topoisomerase II. Common adverse effects of etoposide include dose-limiting myelosuppression. Hypersensitivity reactions are more common with etoposide and teniposide than with etoposide phosphate because the formulations of the former contain sensitising solubilisers. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occur in 65% and 80%, respectively, of patients after administration of conventional doses of teniposide. Anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea are generally of mild severity after administration of conventional doses of topoisomerase II inhibitors. Clinical pharmacokinetic studies have revealed substantial interindividual variabilities regarding the area under the concentration-time curve values and steady-state concentrations for all drugs reviewed in this article. Irinotecan, etoposide and teniposide are degraded via complex metabolic pathways. In contrast, topotecan primarily undergoes renal excretion. Regarding etoposide and teniposide, the extent of catechol formation over time during drug metabolism may be associated with a higher risk for secondary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg T Hartmann
- Department of Oncology/Hematology/Immunology/Pneumology/Rheumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, UKT - Medical Center II, Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Duca M, Guianvarc'h D, Oussedik K, Halby L, Garbesi A, Dauzonne D, Monneret C, Osheroff N, Giovannangeli C, Arimondo PB. Molecular basis of the targeting of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage by VP16 derivatives conjugated to triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:1900-11. [PMID: 16598074 PMCID: PMC1447649 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human topoisomerase II (topo II) is the cellular target for a number of widely used antitumor agents, such as etoposide (VP16). These agents 'poison' the enzyme and induce it to generate DNA breaks that are lethal to the cell. Topo II-targeted drugs show a limited sequence preference, triggering double-stranded breaks throughout the genome. Circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that some of these breaks induce chromosomal translocations that lead to specific types of leukaemia (called treatment-related or secondary leukaemia). Therefore, efforts are ongoing to decrease these secondary effects. An interesting option is to increase the sequence-specificity of topo II-targeted drugs by attaching them to triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFO) that bind to DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. Here five derivatives of VP16 were attached to TFOs. The active topo II poisons, once linked, induced cleavage 13-14 bp from the triplex end where the drug was attached. The use of triple-helical DNA structures offers an efficient strategy for targeting topo II-mediated cleavage to DNA specific sequences. Finally, drug-TFO conjugates are useful tools to investigate the mechanistic details of topo II poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Duca
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Kahina Oussedik
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Ludovic Halby
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Anna Garbesi
- Istituto di Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR) Via Gobetti 10140129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Dauzonne
- UMR 176 CNRS, Institut Curie Section de Recherche26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Monneret
- UMR 176 CNRS, Institut Curie Section de Recherche26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville TN 37232-0146, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Paola B. Arimondo
- UMR 5153 CNRSParis, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle USM0503Paris, France
- INSERM UR565Paris, France
- 43 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 40793859; Fax: +33 1 40793705;
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13
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Lage H, Aki-Sener E, Yalcin I. High antineoplastic activity of new heterocyclic compounds in cancer cells with resistance against classical DNA topoisomerase II-targeting drugs. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:213-20. [PMID: 16450374 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Twenty previously synthesized fused heterocyclic DNA-topoisomerase II (Topo II)-inhibiting compounds were investigated for their potential efficacy in various human cancer cell lines that were derived from different tumor entities. Moreover, different multidrug-resistant variants of these cancer cell lines with decreased Topo II expression were investigated. In parental, drug-sensitive cells merely the compounds BD3 and G35 showed efficacies, in terms of microM, which were similar to that of the classical Topo II inhibitor etoposide. On the other hand, most of the tested heterocyclic compounds were found more effective in drug-resistant cells than in the parental, drug-sensitive ones, and some of the compounds showed high antineoplastic efficacy in several drug-resistant cell models. Compounds BD13, BD14 and BD16 exhibited high antineoplastic activities against the drug-resistant sublines EPG85-257RNOV and EPG85-257RDB derived from gastric carcinoma, EPP85-181RNOV and EPP85-181RDB derived from pancreatic carcinoma, MCF-7/Adr derived from breast cancer, D79/86RNOV derived from fibrosarcoma, and MeWoETO1 derived from melanoma. Furthermore, compound D23 was found highly efficient in the multidrug-resistant variants HT-29RNOV and HT-29RDB derived from colon carcinoma, and compound D24 exhibited the highest antineoplastic activity among the tested compounds in the drug-resistant subline MDA-MB-231ROV derived from breast cancer. In conclusion, compounds BD 13, BD 14, BD 16, D 23 and D 24 may be useful for the treatment of different multidrug-resistant cancer cells with cross resistance against "classical" Topo II-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Lage
- Charité Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Tian Q, Zhang J, Tan TMC, Chan E, Duan W, Chan SY, Boelsterli UA, Ho PCL, Yang H, Bian JS, Huang M, Zhu YZ, Xiong W, Li X, Zhou S. Human Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein 4 Confers Resistance to Camptothecins. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1837-53. [PMID: 16132345 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-7595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) 4 is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter family. Camptothecins (CPTs) have shown substantial anticancer activity against a broad spectrum of tumors by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase I, but tumor resistance is one of the major reasons for therapeutic failure. P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, MRP1, and MRP2 have been implicated in resistance to various CPTs including CPT-11 (irinotecan), SN-38 (the active metabolite of CPT-11), and topotecan. In this study, we explored the resistance profiles and intracellular accumulation of a panel of CPTs including CPT, CPT-11, SN-38, rubitecan, and 10-hydroxy-CPT (10-OH-CPT) in HepG2 cells with stably overexpressed human MRP4. Other anticancer agents such as paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide, and carboplatin were also included. METHODS HepG2 cells were transfected with an empty vehicle plasmid (V/HepG2) or human MRP4 (MRP4/HepG2). The resistance profiles of test drugs in exponentially growing V/HepG2 and MRP4/HepG2 cells were examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazonium bromide (MTT) assay with 4 or 48 h exposure time of the test drug in the absence or presence of various MRP4 inhibitors. The accumulation of CPT-11, SN-38, and paclitaxel by V/HepG2 and MRP4/HepG2 cells was determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography methods. RESULTS Based on the resistance folds from the MTT assay with 48 h exposure time of the test drug, MRP4 conferred resistance to CPTs tested in the order 10-OH-CPT (14.21) > SN-38 carboxylate (9.70) > rubitecan (9.06) > SN-38 lactone (8.91) > CPT lactone (7.33) > CPT-11 lactone (5.64) > CPT carboxylate (4.30) > CPT-11 carboxylate (2.68). Overall, overexpression of MRP4 increased the IC50 values 1.78- to 14.21-fold for various CPTs in lactone or carboxylate form. The resistance of MRP4 to various CPTs tested was significantly reversed in the presence of dl-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO, a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor), MK571, celecoxib, or diclofenac (all MRP4 inhibitors). In addition, the accumulation of CPT-11 and SN-38 over 120 min in MRP4/HepG2 cells was significantly reduced compared to V/HepG2 cells, whereas the addition of celecoxib, MK571, or BSO significantly increased their accumulation in MRP4/HepG2 cells. There was no significant difference in the intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel in V/HepG2 and MRP4/HepG2 cells, indicating that P-glycoprotein was not involved in the observed resistance to CPTs in this study. MRP4 also conferred resistance to cyclophosphamide and this was partially reversed by BSO. However, MRP4 did not increase resistance to paclitaxel, carboplatin, etoposide (VP-16), 5-fluorouracil, and cyclosporine. CONCLUSIONS Human MRP4 rendered significant resistance to cyclophosphamide, CPT, CPT-11, SN-38, rubitecan, and 10-OH-CPT. CPT-11 and SN-38 are substrates for MRP4. Further studies are needed to explore the role of MRP4 in resistance, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of CPTs and cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Robison JG, Lu L, Dixon K, Bissler JJ. DNA lesion-specific co-localization of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex and replication protein A (RPA) to repair foci. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12927-34. [PMID: 15653682 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414391200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response, triggered by DNA replication stress or DNA damage, involves the activation of DNA repair and cell cycle regulatory proteins including the MRN (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) complex and replication protein A (RPA). The induction of replication stress by hydroxyurea (HU) or DNA damage by camptothecin (CAMPT), etoposide (ETOP), or mitomycin C (MMC) led to the formation of nuclear foci containing phosphorylated Nbs1. HU and CAMPT treatment also led to the formation of RPA foci that co-localized with phospho-Nbs1 foci. After ETOP treatment, phospho-Nbs1 and RPA foci were detected but not within the same cell. MMC treatment resulted in phospho-Nbs1 foci formation in the absence of RPA foci. Consistent with the presence or absence of RPA foci, RPA hyperphosphorylation was present following HU, CAMPT, and ETOP treatment but absent following MMC treatment. The lack of co-localization of phospho-Nbs1 and RPA foci may be due to relatively shorter stretches of single-stranded DNA generated following ETOP and MMC treatment. These data suggest that, even though the MRN complex and RPA can interact, their interaction may be limited to responses to specific types of lesions, particularly those that have longer stretches of single-stranded DNA. In addition, the consistent formation of phospho-Nbs1 foci in all of the treatment groups suggests that the MRN complex may play a more universal role in the recognition and response to DNA lesions of all types, whereas the role of RPA may be limited to certain subsets of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Robison
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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