1
|
Sun X, Yang J, Fu X, Zhao X, Zhen J, Song H, Xu J, Zheng H, Bai W. Trehalose Production Using Three Extracellular Enzymes Produced via One-Step Fermentation of an Engineered Bacillus subtilis Strain. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:977. [PMID: 37627862 PMCID: PMC10451709 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the double-enzyme catalyzed method using maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase) and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) is the mainstream technology for industrial trehalose production. However, MTSase and MTHase are prepared mainly using the heterologous expression in the engineered Escherichia coli strains so far. In this study, we first proved that the addition of 3 U/g neutral pullulanase PulA could enhance the trehalose conversion rate by 2.46 times in the double-enzyme catalyzed system. Then, a CBM68 domain was used to successfully assist the secretory expression of MTSase and MTHase from Arthrobacter ramosus S34 in Bacillus subtilis SCK6. At the basis, an engineered strain B. subtilis PSH02 (amyE::pulA/pHT43-C68-ARS/pMC68-ARH), which co-expressed MTSase, MTHase, and PulA, was constructed. After the 24 h fermentation of B. subtilis PSH02, the optimum ratio of the extracellular multi-enzymes was obtained to make the highest trehalose conversion rate of 80% from 100 g/L maltodextrin. The high passage stability and multi-enzyme preservation stability made B. subtilis PSH02 an excellent industrial production strain. Moreover, trehalose production using these extracellular enzymes produced via the one-step fermentation of B. subtilis PSH02 would greatly simplify the procedure for multi-enzyme preparation and be expected to reduce production costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; (X.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; (X.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xiaoping Fu
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.F.); (H.S.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xingya Zhao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jie Zhen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hui Song
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.F.); (H.S.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.F.); (H.S.); (J.X.)
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.F.); (H.S.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (X.F.); (H.S.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simongini M, Puglisi A, Genovese F, Hochkoeppler A. Trehalose counteracts the dissociation of tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase induced by acidic pH conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 740:109584. [PMID: 37001749 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle (rbLDH) is a tetrameric enzyme, known to undergo dissociation when exposed to acidic pH conditions. Moreover, it should be mentioned that this dissociation translates into a pronounced loss of enzyme activity. Notably, among the compounds able to stabilize proteins and enzymes, the disaccharide trehalose represents an outperformer. In particular, trehalose was shown to efficiently counteract quite a number of physical and chemical agents inducing protein denaturation. However, no information is available on the effect, if any, exerted by trehalose against the dissociation of protein oligomers. Accordingly, we thought it of interest to investigate whether this disaccharide is competent in preventing the dissociation of rbLDH induced by acidic pH conditions. Further, we compared the action of trehalose with the effects triggered by maltose and cellobiose. Surprisingly, both these disaccharides enhanced the dissociation of rbLDH, with maltose being responsible for a major effect when compared to cellobiose. On the contrary, trehalose was effective in preventing enzyme dissociation, as revealed by activity assays and by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments. Moreover, we detected a significant decrease of both K0.5 and Vmax when the rbLDH activity was tested (at pH 7.5 and 6.5) as a function of pyruvate concentration in the presence of trehalose. Further, we found that trehalose induces a remarkable increase of Vmax when the enzyme is exposed to pH 5. Overall, our observations suggest that trehalose triggers conformational rearrangements of tetrameric rbLDH mirrored by resistance to dissociation and peculiar catalytic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Simongini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Puglisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Genovese
- CIGS, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trakarnpaiboon S, Bunterngsook B, Wansuksriand R, Champreda V. Screening, Cloning, Expression and Characterization of New Alkaline Trehalose Synthase from Pseudomonas monteilii and Its Application for Trehalose Production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1455-1464. [PMID: 34409951 PMCID: PMC9705850 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide in increasing demand for applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Single-step trehalose production by trehalose synthase (TreS) using maltose as a starting material is a promising alternative process for industrial application due to its simplicity and cost advantage. Pseudomonas monteilii TBRC 1196 was identified using the developed screening method as a potent strain for TreS production. The TreS gene from P. monteilii TBRC 1196 was first cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant trehalose synthase (PmTreS) had a molecular weight of 76 kDa and showed optimal pH and temperature at 9.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme exhibited >90% residual activity under mesophilic condition under a broad pH range of 7-10 for 6 h. Maximum trehalose yield by PmTreS was 68.1% with low yield of glucose (4%) as a byproduct under optimal conditions, equivalent to productivity of 4.5 g/l/h using enzyme loading of 2 mg/g substrate and high concentration maltose solution (100 g/l) in a lab-scale bioreactor. The enzyme represents a potent biocatalyst for energy-saving trehalose production with potential for inhibiting microbial contamination by alkaline condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srisakul Trakarnpaiboon
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rungtiva Wansuksriand
- Cassava and Starch Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +66 2564 6700 x 3446 Fax: +66 2564 6707 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sokołowska E, Sadowska A, Sawicka D, Kotulska-Bąblińska I, Car H. A head-to-head comparison review of biological and toxicological studies of isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose on glycemic control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5679-5704. [PMID: 33715524 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Different preventive and therapeutic agents, as well as various pharmacological strategies or non-pharmacological tools, improve the glycemic profile of diabetic patients. Isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose are naturally occurring, low glycemic sugars that are not synthesized by humans but widely used in food industries. Various studies have shown that these carbohydrates can regulate glucose metabolism and provide support in maintaining glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes, but also can improve insulin response, subsequently leading to better control of hyperglycemia. In this review, we discussed the anti-hyperglycemic effects of isomaltulose, D-tagatose, and trehalose, comparing their properties with other known sweeteners, and highlighting their importance for the development of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su L, Yao K, Wu J. Improved Activity of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Maltooligosyltrehalose Synthase through Directed Evolution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4456-4463. [PMID: 32227942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase) is a key enzyme for the production of trehalose from starch. Thermophilic MTSases offer advantages for trehalose production but suffer from low yield. In this study, directed evolution was used to increase the production of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius MTSase (SaMTSase) in Escherichia coli. Mutant libraries constructed using error-prone polymerase chain reaction were assessed using high-throughput activity assays. Three mutants with enhanced activities were obtained, the best of which (mutant D-4) exhibited 2.4 times greater activity than wild-type SaMTSase. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency of D-4 were also greater than those of wild-type SaMTSase. The D-4 activity (624.7 U·mL-1) produced in a 3 L fermenter was 2.0 times greater than that of wild-type SaMTSase. Because the same trehalose yield was obtained using an equal amount of either D-4 or wild-type SaMTSase activity, using D-4 will significantly lower the cost of trehalose production. The activities of the individual mutations present in the three SaMTSase mutants obtained using directed evolution were analyzed. Mutants F284V and T439A exhibited the greatest increases in enzyme activity. Homology models suggested that the decreased side-chain size, weakened hydrophobicity, and decreased interaction might enhance the flexibility of the loop containing catalytic residue Asp443, which was conducive to catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kailin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen X, Tang S, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L. SpyCatcher/SpyTag-Mediated Self-Assembly of a Supramolecular Complex for Improved Biocatalytic Production of Trehalose. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Han C, Su L, Hong R, Wu S, Wu J. A comparative study of maltooligosyltrehalose synthase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Establishing a synergetic carbon utilization mechanism for non-catabolic use of glucose in microbial synthesis of trehalose. Metab Eng 2017; 39:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Li N, Wang H, Li L, Cheng H, Liu D, Cheng H, Deng Z. Integrated Approach To Producing High-Purity Trehalose from Maltose by the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Displaying Trehalose Synthase (TreS) on the Cell Surface. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6179-6187. [PMID: 27472444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An alternative strategy that integrated enzyme production, trehalose biotransformation, and bioremoval in one bioreactor was developed in this study, thus simplifying the traditional procedures used for trehalose production. The trehalose synthase gene from a thermophilic archaea, Picrophilus torridus, was first fused to the YlPir1 anchor gene and then inserted into the genome of Yarrowia lipolytica, thus yielding an engineered yeast strain. The trehalose yield reached 73% under optimal conditions. The thermal and pH stabilities of the displayed enzyme were improved compared to those of its free form purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. After biotransformation, the glucose byproduct and residual maltose were directly fermented to ethanol by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Ethanol can be separated by distillation, and high-purity trehalose can easily be obtained from the fermentation broth. The results show that this one-pot procedure is an efficient approach to the economical production of trehalose from maltose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengwei Wang
- Innovation & Application Institute (IAI), Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HH, Jung JH, Seo DH, Ha SJ, Yoo SH, Kim CH, Park CS. Novel enzymatic production of trehalose from sucrose using amylosucrase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase-trehalohydrolase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Zhang T, Chi Z, Wang JM, Liu GL, Chi ZM. Conversion of cassava starch to trehalose by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 and purification of trehalose. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Chi Z, Wang JM, Chi ZM, Ye F. Trehalose accumulation from corn starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 during 2-l fermentation and trehalose purification. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:19-25. [PMID: 19967448 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, corn starch was used as the substrate for cell growth and trehalose accumulation by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11. Effect of different aeration rates, agitation speeds, and concentrations of corn starch on direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by S. fibuligera A11 were examined using a Biostat B2 2-l fermentor. We found that the optimal conditions for direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by this yeast strain were that agitation speed was 200 rpm, aeration rate was 4.0 l/min, concentration of corn starch was 2.0% (w/v), initial pH was 5.5, fermentation temperature was 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, over 22.9 g of trehalose per 100 g of cell dry weight was accumulated in the yeast cells, cell mass was 15.2 g/l of the fermentation medium, 0.12% (w/v) of reducing sugar, and 0.21% (w/v) of total sugar were left in the fermented medium within 48 h of the fermentation. It was found that trehalose in the yeast cells could be efficiently extracted by the hot distilled water (80 degrees C). After isolation and purification, the crystal trehalose was obtained from the extract of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chi
- Unesco Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and its applications in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Wang L, Huang R, Gu G, Fang H. Optimization of trehalose production by a novel strainBrevibacteriumsp. SY361. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:410-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
15
|
Fang TY, Tseng WC, Shih TY, Wang MY. Identification of the essential catalytic residues and selectivity-related residues of maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5628-5633. [PMID: 18563901 DOI: 10.1021/jf073320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) catalyzes the release of trehalose by cleaving the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage next to the alpha-1,1-linked terminal disaccharide of maltooligosyltrehalose. Mutations at residues D255, E286, and D380 were constructed to identify the essential catalytic residues of MTHase, while mutations at residues W218, A259, Y328, F355, and R356 were constructed to identify selectivity-related residues of the enzyme. The specific activities of the purified D255A, E286A, and D380A MTHases were only 0.15, 0.09 and 0.01%, respectively, of that of wild-type MTHase, suggesting that these three residues are essential catalytic residues. Compared with wild-type MTHase, A259S, Y328F, F355Y, and R356K MTHases had increased selectivity ratios, which were defined as the ratios of the catalytic efficiencies for glucose formation to those for trehalose formation in the hydrolysis of maltooligosaccharides and maltooligosyltrehaloses, respectively, while W218A and W218F MTHases had decreased selectivity ratios. When starch digestion was carried out at 75 degrees C and wild-type and mutant MTHases were, respectively, used with isoamylase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase), the ratios of initial rates of glucose formation to those of trehalose formation were inversely correlated to the peak trehalose yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fang TY, Tseng WC, Pan CH, Chun YT, Wang MY. Protein engineering of Sulfolobus solfataricus maltooligosyltrehalose synthase to alter its selectivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:5588-94. [PMID: 17567140 DOI: 10.1021/jf0701279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase) is one of the key enzymes involved in trehalose production from starch and catalyzes an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction by converting the alpha-1,4- to alpha,alpha-1,1-glucosidic linkage. Mutations at residues F206, F207, and F405 were constructed to change the selectivity of the enzyme because the changes in selectivity could reduce the side hydrolysis reaction of releasing glucose and thus increase trehalose production from starch. As compared with wild-type MTSase, F405Y and F405M MTSases had decreased ratios of the initial rate of glucose formation to that of trehalose formation in starch digestion at 75 degrees C when wild-type and mutant MTSases were, respectively, used with isoamylase and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase). The highest trehalose yield from starch digestion was by the mutant MTSase having the lowest initial rate of glucose formation to trehalose formation, and this predicted high trehalose yield better than the ratio of catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis to that for transglycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fang TY, Tseng WC, Guo MS, Shih TY, Hung XG. Expression, purification, and characterization of the maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7105-12. [PMID: 16968069 DOI: 10.1021/jf061318z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) mainly cleaves the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage next to the alpha-1,1-linked terminal disaccharide of maltooligosyltrehalose to produce trehalose and the maltooligosaccharide with lower molecular mass. In this study, the treZ gene encoding MTHase was PCR-cloned from Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092 and then expressed in Escherichia coli. A high yield of the active wild-type MTHase, 13300 units/g of wet cells, was obtained in the absence of IPTG induction. Wild-type MTHase was purified sequentially using heat treatment, nucleic acid precipitation, and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified wild-type MTHase showed an apparent optimal pH of 5 and an optimal temperature at 85 degrees C. The enzyme was stable at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 11, and the activity was fully retained after a 2-h incubation at 45-85 degrees C. The k(cat) values of the enzyme for hydrolysis of maltooligosyltrehaloses with degree of polymerization (DP) 4-7 were 193, 1030, 1190, and 1230 s(-1), respectively, whereas the k(cat) values for glucose formation during hydrolysis of DP 4-7 maltooligosaccharides were 5.49, 17.7, 18.2, and 6.01 s(-1), respectively. The K(M) values of the enzyme for hydrolysis of DP 4-7 maltooligosyltrehaloses and those for maltooligosaccharides are similar at the same corresponding DPs. These results suggest that this MTHase could be used to produce trehalose at high temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang TY, Tseng WC, Chung YT, Pan CH. Mutations on aromatic residues of the active site to alter selectivity of the Sulfolobus solfataricus maltooligosyltrehalose synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:3585-3590. [PMID: 19127729 DOI: 10.1021/jf060152z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations Y290F, Y367F, F405Y, and Y409F located near subsite +1 were constructed in maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase) to alter the selectivity of the enzyme. These mutations were designed to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic interactions and/or hydrogen bondings on transglycosylation and side hydrolysis reactions. The catalytic efficiencies of Y290F MTSase for hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions were only 6.6 and 5.6%, respectively, of those of wildtype MTSase, whereas the catalytic efficiencies of Y367F MTSase were decreased by about half. F405Y MTSase had similar catalytic efficiencies for transglycosylation and a somewhat lower catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis. Y409F MTSase had somewhat lower catalytic efficiencies for the transglycosylation and a similar catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis. Y290F and Y367F MTSases had large changes in delta(deltaG), suggesting that there are hydrogen bonds between the substrate and residues Y290 and Y367 of wild-type MTSase. Compared with wild-type MTSase, F405Y MTSase had decreased ratios of hydrolysis to transglycosylation, whereas Y290F, Y367F, and Y409F MTSases had increased ratios. These results suggest that use of F405Y MTSase might result in a higher yield of trehalose production from starch when it replaces wild-type MTSase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fang TY, Hung XG, Shih TY, Tseng WC. Characterization of the trehalosyl dextrin-forming enzyme from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092. Extremophiles 2004; 8:335-43. [PMID: 15150700 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-004-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The trehalosyl dextrin-forming enzyme (TDFE) mainly catalyzes an intramolecular transglycosyl reaction to form trehalosyl dextrins from dextrins by converting the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage at the reducing end to an alpha-1,1-glucosidic linkage. In this study, the treY gene encoding TDFE was PCR cloned from the genomic DNA of Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092 to an expression vector with a T7 lac promoter and then expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant TDFE was purified sequentially by using heat treatment, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration. The obtained recombinant TDFE showed an apparent optimal pH of 5 and an optimal temperature of 75 degrees C. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 4.5-11, and the activity remained unchanged after a 2-h incubation at 80 degrees C. The transglycosylation activity of TDFE was higher when using maltoheptaose as substrate than maltooligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization (DP). However, the hydrolysis activity of TDFE became stronger when low DP maltooligosaccharides, such as maltotriose, were used as substrate. The ratios of hydrolysis activity to transglycosylation activity were in the range of 0.2-14% and increased when the DP of substrate decreased. The recombinant TDFE was found to exhibit different substrate specificity, such as its preferred substrates for the transglycosylation reaction and the ratio of hydrolysis to transglycosylation of the enzyme reacting with maltotriose, when compared with other natural or recombinant TDFEs from Sulfolobus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Rd., 202, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chi Z, Liu J, Ji J, Meng Z. Enhanced conversion of soluble starch to trehalose by a mutant of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu. J Biotechnol 2003; 102:135-41. [PMID: 12697391 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, it was found that Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu cells could accumulate 18.0% (gg(-1)) trehalose from soluble starch in SSY medium. However, the yeast strain contained high activities of acid and neutral trehalases, which were reported to mobilize trehalose accumulated by the cells during fermentation. In order to enhance the yield of trehalose, it is necessary to remove the trehalase activities from the cells. By mutagenesis of ethylmethanesulfonate, one mutant that assimilated trehalose very slowly, but grew on other carbon sources as fast as its parent strain, was isolated. In Biostat B2 2-1 fermentation, trehalose accumulation of the mutant was much higher than that of the wild type when grown in YPS medium containing starch. The activities of acid and neutral trehalases of this mutant were much lower than those of the wild type, respectively. We think the reduction of acid and neutral trehalase activities is considered to be responsible for the increased yield of trehalose accumulated by the mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Chi
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside) is a unique sugar capable of protecting biomolecules against environmental stress. It is a stable, colorless, odor-free and non-reducing disaccharide, and is widespread in nature. Trehalose has a key role in the survival of some plants and insects, termed anhydrobionts, in harsh environments, even when most of their water body is removed. The properties of these types of organisms drove attention towards the study of trehalose. Since then, it proved to be an active stabilizer of enzymes, proteins, biomasses, pharmaceutical preparations and even organs for transplantation. Recently, trehalose has been accepted as a safe food ingredient by the European regulation system following approval by the US Food and Drug Administration. The wide range of applications of this sugar has increased the interest of many research groups into the development of novel and economically feasible production systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current achievements in the biotechnological production of trehalose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiraldi
- Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chi Z, Liu J, Zhang W. Trehalose accumulation from soluble starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:240-245. [PMID: 11166818 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose accumulation from starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu was examined in 300-ml shaken flask culture and Biostat B(2) 2-1 fermentation. In the 300-ml flask, 16.5% (w/w) trehalose accumulated in the yeast cells (cell dry weight) was observed with 100-ml medium shaken at 200 rpm for 50 h at 30 degrees C. We found that 1.0% soluble starch in the medium was most suitable for trehalose accumulation by this yeast strain. In the Biostat B(2) 2-1 fermentor, 18.0% (w/w) trehalose accumulated in the yeast cells (cell dry weight) was observed within 48 h of fermentation when agitation speed was 200 rpm. The trehalose obtained from the yeast cells was identical to standard trehalose from Sigma based on the analysis results of High-Performance Exchange Anionic Chromatography (HPEAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Chi
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kato M. Trehalose production with a new enzymatic system from Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(98)00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|