1
|
Identification of a Neutralizing Epitope on TOSV Gn Glycoprotein. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080924. [PMID: 34452049 PMCID: PMC8402642 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral infections have been an important public health problem in recent years. We focused our attention on Toscana virus (TOSV), an emergent neurotropic negative-strand RNA virus of the Phenuiviridae family. The mechanisms of protection against phlebovirus natural infection are not known; however, it is supposed that a virus-neutralizing antibody response against viral glycoproteins would be useful to block the first stages of infection. By using an improved memory B cell immortalization method, we obtained a panel of human mAbs which reacted with TOSV antigens. We identified three epitopes of TOSV Gn glycoproteins by neutralizing mAbs using synthetic peptide arrays on membrane support (SPOT synthesis). These epitopes, separated in primary structure, might be exposed near one another as a conformational epitope in their native structure. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the humoral response elicited in mice immunized with the identified peptides. The results underlined the hypothesis that the first two peptides located in the NH2 terminus could form a conformational epitope, while the third, located near the transmembrane sequence in the carboxyl terminus, was necessary to strengthen neutralizing activity. Our results emphasize the importance of identifying neutralizing epitopes shared among the various phleboviruses, which could be exploited for the development of a potential epitope-based diagnostic assay or a polyvalent protective vaccine against different phleboviruses.
Collapse
|
2
|
Molecular aspects of Rift Valley fever virus and the emergence of reassortants. Virus Genes 2018; 55:1-11. [PMID: 30426314 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. RVFV is a threat to both animal and human health and has costly economic consequences mainly related to livestock production and trade. Competent hosts and vectors for RVFV are widespread, existing outside of endemic countries including the USA. Thus, the possibility of RVFV spreading to the USA or other countries worldwide is of significant concern. RVFV (genus Phlebovirus) is comprised of an enveloped virion containing a three-segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome that is able to undergo genetic reassortment. Reassortment has the potential to produce viruses that are more pathogenic, easily transmissible, and that have wider vector or host range. This is especially concerning because of the wide use of live attenuated vaccine strains throughout endemic countries. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of RVFV, genetic diversity of RVFV strains, and RVFV reassortment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gadia CLB, Manirakiza A, Tekpa G, Konamna X, Vickos U, Nakoune E. Identification of pathogens for differential diagnosis of fever with jaundice in the Central African Republic: a retrospective assessment, 2008-2010. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:735. [PMID: 29187150 PMCID: PMC5707826 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile jaundice results clinically in generalized yellow coloration of the teguments and mucous membranes due to excess plasma bilirubin, accompanied by fever. Two types are found: conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin jaundice. Jaundice is a sign in several diseases due to viruses (viral hepatitis and arbovirus), parasites (malaria) and bacteria (leptospirosis). In the Central African Republic (CAR), only yellow fever is included on the list of diseases for surveillance. The aim of this study was to identify the other pathogens that can cause febrile jaundice, for better management of patients. Methods Between 2008 and 2010, 198 sera negative for yellow fever IgM were randomly selected from 2177 samples collected during yellow fever surveillance. Laboratory analyses targeted four groups of pathogens: hepatitis B, C, delta and E viruses; dengue, chikungunya, Zika, Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile and Rift Valley arboviruses; malaria parasites; and bacteria (leptospirosis). Results Overall, 30.9% sera were positive for hepatitis B, 20.2% for hepatitis E, 12.3% for hepatitis C and 8.2% for malaria. The majority of positive sera (40.4%) were from people aged 16–30 years. Co-infection with at least two of these pathogens was also found. Conclusion These findings suggest that a systematic investigation should be undertaken of infectious agents that cause febrile jaundice in the CAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Manirakiza
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Epidemiology Service, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic.
| | - Gaspard Tekpa
- Hôpital de l'Amitié, Ministry of Public Health, Population and AIDS Control, PO Box 883, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Xavier Konamna
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Virology Department, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Ulrich Vickos
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Virology Department, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Emmanuel Nakoune
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Virology Department, PO Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niang M, Loucoubar C, Sow A, Diagne MM, Faye O, Faye O, Diallo M, Toure-Balde A, Sall AA. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from concurrent malaria and arbovirus co-infections in Kedougou, southeastern Senegal. Malar J 2016; 15:155. [PMID: 26969623 PMCID: PMC4788873 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections are common and represent an important public health concern in regions where both diseases are endemic. The present study investigates the genetic diversity and complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in concurrent malaria-arbovirus infections in Kedougou region, southeastern Senegal. Methods Parasite DNA was extracted from 60 to 27 sera samples collected from P. falciparum isolates of malaria and concurrent malaria-arbovirus infected patients, respectively, and followed by PCR-genotyping targeting the msp-1 (block2) and msp-2 (block3) allelic families. Results The mean number of genotype per allelic family was comparable between the two groups. K1 was the predominant msp-1 allelic type both in malaria (94.91 %) and arbovirus-malaria (92.59 %) groups, whereas IC/3D7 was the most prevalent msp-2 allelic type in malaria (94.91 %) and arbovirus-malaria (96.29 %) groups. Frequencies of msp-1 and msp-2 allelic types were statistically comparable between the two groups (Fisher exact test, P > 0.05) and were not associated with age. FC27 was strikingly the least prevalent in both groups and was absent in children under 5 years of age. The proportions of P. falciparum isolates from malaria-infected patients carrying the three msp-1 allelic types (67.44 %) or the two msp-2 allelic types (76.47 %) were significantly higher than those from arbovirus-malaria co-infected patients (Exact binomial test, P < 0.05). The multiplicities of infection (MOI) were low and comparable for msp-1 (1.19 vs 1.22) and msp-2 (1.11 vs 1.10), respectively between malaria and arbovirus-malaria groups. Conclusion The study showed no difference in the genetic diversity between P. falciparum isolates from malaria and concurrent malaria-arbovirus infected patients in Kedougou. The MOI was low despite intense malaria transmission in Kedougou. The overall results suggest a limited or no influence of arbovirus infections on P. falciparum diversity and complexity of malaria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdourahmane Sow
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Moise Diagne
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Amadou A Sall
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220, Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sow A, Loucoubar C, Diallo D, Faye O, Ndiaye Y, Senghor CS, Dia AT, Faye O, Weaver SC, Diallo M, Malvy D, Sall AA. Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in Kedougou, southeastern Senegal. Malar J 2016; 15:47. [PMID: 26821709 PMCID: PMC4730666 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is one of the leading causes of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa. With the advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, misdiagnosis and co-morbidity with other diseases has been highlighted by an increasing number of studies. Although arboviral infections and malaria are both vector-borne diseases and often have an overlapping geographic distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, information about their incidence rates and concurrent infections is scarce. Methods From July 2009 to March 2013 patients from seven healthcare facilities of the Kedougou region presenting with AFI were enrolled and tested for malaria and arboviral infections, i.e., yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHFV), Zika (ZIKV), and Rift Valley fever viruses (RVFV). Malaria parasite infections were investigated using thick blood smear (TBS) and rapid diagnostics tests (RDT) while arbovirus infections were tested by IgM antibody detection (ELISA) and RT-PCR assays. Data analysis of single or concurrent malaria and arbovirus was performed using R software. Results A total of 13,845 patients, including 7387 with malaria and 41 with acute arbovirus infections (12 YFV, nine ZIKV, 16 CHIKV, three DENV, and one RVFV) were enrolled. Among the arbovirus-infected patients, 48.7 % (20/41) were co-infected with malaria parasites at the following frequencies: CHIKV 18.7 % (3/16), YFV 58.3 % (7/12), ZIKV 88.9 % (8/9), DENV 33.3 % (1/3), and RVF 100 % (1/1). Fever ≥40 °C was the only sign or symptom significantly associated with dual malaria parasite/arbovirus infection. Conclusions Concurrent malaria parasite and arbovirus infections were detected in the Kedougou region from 2009 to 2013 and need to be further documented, including among asymptomatic individuals, to assess its epidemiological and clinical impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdourahmane Sow
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal. .,Institut Santé et développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. .,Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Centre de recherche INSERM U897 Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Diawo Diallo
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | | | - Anta Tal Dia
- Institut Santé et développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Denis Malvy
- Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Centre de recherche INSERM U897 Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scharton D, Van Wettere AJ, Bailey KW, Vest Z, Westover JB, Siddharthan V, Gowen BB. Rift Valley fever virus infection in golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116722. [PMID: 25607955 PMCID: PMC4301868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a formidable pathogen that causes severe disease and abortion in a variety of livestock species and a range of disease in humans that includes hemorrhagic fever, fulminant hepatitis, encephalitis and blindness. The natural transmission cycle involves mosquito vectors, but exposure can also occur through contact with infected fluids and tissues. The lack of approved antiviral therapies and vaccines for human use underlies the importance of small animal models for proof-of-concept efficacy studies. Several mouse and rat models of RVFV infection have been well characterized and provide useful systems for the study of certain aspects of pathogenesis, as well as antiviral drug and vaccine development. However, certain host-directed therapeutics may not act on mouse or rat pathways. Here, we describe the natural history of disease in golden Syrian hamsters challenged subcutaneously with the pathogenic ZH501 strain of RVFV. Peracute disease resulted in rapid lethality within 2 to 3 days of RVFV challenge. High titer viremia and substantial viral loads were observed in most tissues examined; however, histopathology and immunostaining for RVFV antigen were largely restricted to the liver. Acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with a strong presence of viral antigen in the hepatocytes indicates that fulminant hepatitis is the likely cause of mortality. Further studies to assess the susceptibility and disease progression following respiratory route exposure are warranted. The use of the hamsters to model RVFV infection is suitable for early stage antiviral drug and vaccine development studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionna Scharton
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Arnaud J. Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kevin W. Bailey
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Zachary Vest
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jonna B. Westover
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Venkatraman Siddharthan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brian B. Gowen
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jäckel S, Eiden M, El Mamy BO, Isselmou K, Vina-Rodriguez A, Doumbia B, Groschup MH. Molecular and serological studies on the Rift Valley fever outbreak in Mauritania in 2010. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:31-9. [PMID: 24589099 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a vector-borne RNA virus affecting humans, livestock and wildlife. In October/November 2010, after a period of unusually heavy rainfall, a Rift Valley fever outbreak occurred in northern Mauritania causing clinical cases in cattle, sheep, goats and camels, 21 of which were of lethal outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain further information on the continuation of RVF virus activity and spread in animal species in Mauritania after this outbreak. We therefore tested sera from small ruminants, cattle and camels for the presence of viral RNA and antibodies against RVFV. These sera were collected in different parts of the country from December 2010 to February 2011 and tested with three different ELISAs and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results show a high seroprevalence of RVFV IgM and IgG antibodies of about 57% in all animals investigated. Moreover, in four camel sera, viral RNA was detected emphasizing the important role camels played during the latest RVF outbreak in Mauritania. The study demonstrates the continuous spread of RVFV in Mauritania after initial emergence and highlights the potential role of small ruminants and camels in virus dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jäckel
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antigen-capture ELISA for the detection of Rift Valley fever virus nucleoprotein using new monoclonal antibodies. J Virol Methods 2012; 180:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Moutailler S, Roche B, Thiberge JM, Caro V, Rougeon F, Failloux AB. Host alternation is necessary to maintain the genome stability of rift valley fever virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1156. [PMID: 21629727 PMCID: PMC3101185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are RNA viruses, which are maintained in nature by replication cycles that alternate between arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Arboviruses appear to experience lower rates of evolution than RNA viruses that replicate in a single host. This genetic stability is assumed to result from a fitness trade-off imposed by host alternation, which constrains arbovirus genome evolution. To test this hypothesis, we used Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an arbovirus that can be transmitted either directly (between vertebrates during the manipulation of infected tissues, and between mosquitoes by vertical transmission) or indirectly (from one vertebrate to another by mosquito-borne transmission). Methodology/Principal Findings RVFV was serially passaged in BHK21 (hamster) or Aag2 (Aedes aegypti) cells, or in alternation between the two cell types. After 30 passages, these single host-passaged viruses lost their virulence and induced protective effects against a challenge with a virulent virus. Large deletions in the NSs gene that encodes the virulence factor were detectable from the 15th serial passage onwards in BHK21 cells and from the 10th passage in Aag2 cells. The phosphoprotein NSs is not essential to viral replication allowing clones carrying deletions in NSs to predominate as they replicate slightly more rapidly. No genetic changes were found in viruses that were passaged alternately between arthropod and vertebrate cells. Furthermore, alternating passaged viruses presenting complete NSs gene remained virulent after 30 passages. Conclusions/Significance Our results strongly support the view that alternating replication is necessary to maintain the virulence factor carried by the NSs phosphoprotein. Arthropod-borne viruses are transmitted among vertebrate hosts by insect vectors. Unusually, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) can also be transmitted by direct contacts of animals/humans with infectious tissues. What are the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary events leading to adopt one mode of transmission rather than the other? Viral replication is implied to be different in a vertebrate host and an invertebrate host. The alternating host cycle tends to limit virus evolution by adopting a compromise fitness level for replication in both hosts. To test this hypothesis, we used a cell culture model system to study the evolution of RVFV. We found that freeing RVFV from alternating replication in mammalian and mosquito cells led to large deletions in the NSs gene carrying the virulence factor. Resulting NSs-truncated viruses were able to protect mice from a challenge with a virulent RVFV. Thus, in nature, virulence is likely maintained by continuous alternating passages between vertebrates and insects. Thereby, depending on the mode of transmission adopted, the evolution of RVFV will be of major importance to predict the outcome of outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moutailler
- Molecular Genetics of Bunyavirus, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Developmental Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Thiberge
- Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Caro
- Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Rougeon
- Developmental Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Molecular Genetics of Bunyavirus, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soi RK, Rurangirwa FR, McGuire TC, Rwambo PM, DeMartini JC, Crawford TB. Protection of sheep against Rift Valley fever virus and sheep poxvirus with a recombinant capripoxvirus vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:1842-9. [PMID: 20876822 PMCID: PMC3008189 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00220-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an epizootic viral disease of sheep that can be transmitted from sheep to humans, particularly by contact with aborted fetuses. A capripoxvirus (CPV) recombinant virus (rKS1/RVFV) was developed, which expressed the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Gn and Gc glycoproteins. These expressed glycoproteins had the correct size and reacted with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to native glycoproteins. Mice vaccinated with rKS1/RVFV were protected against RVFV challenge. Sheep vaccinated with rKS1/RVFV twice developed neutralizing antibodies and were significantly protected against RVFV and sheep poxvirus challenge. These findings further document the value of CPV recombinants as ruminant vaccine vectors and support the inclusion of RVFV genes encoding glycoproteins in multivalent recombinant vaccines to be used where RVF occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben K. Soi
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| | - Fred R. Rurangirwa
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| | - Travis C. McGuire
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| | - Paul M. Rwambo
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| | - James C. DeMartini
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| | - Timothy B. Crawford
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1619
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Immunization with Toscana virus N-Gc proteins protects mice against virus challenge. Virology 2008; 375:521-8. [PMID: 18355889 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging virus, circulating in the Mediterranean area, that is responsible for aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis. The development of a vaccine that could provide complete protection from TOSV infection is needed. In this study we investigated the capacity of TOSV structural proteins, nucleocapsid protein N and the two Gc and Gn glycoproteins, produced as recombinant proteins, in an animal model. In particular, we investigated their role in inducing specific and protective immune responses against virus infection. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally using TOSV antigens singly or in combination. The results show that only the N-Gc combination was able to protect 100% of animals from a lethal challenge with a neurovirulent strain of TOSV. This potential vaccine induces high serum antibody titres with neutralizing activity and it is safe for animals. Moreover, immunization induces a virus specific cell-mediated immune response, in particular a CD8+ T cell response associated with a marked expression of interferon gamma. These results indicate that the N+Gc viral antigen combination could be useful for future development of a vaccine controlling the spread of this emerging virus that could pose a new threat for humans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zaki A, Coudrier D, Yousef AI, Fakeeh M, Bouloy M, Billecocq A. Production of monoclonal antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus Application for rapid diagnosis tests (virus detection and ELISA) in human sera. J Virol Methods 2005; 131:34-40. [PMID: 16102851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the production and characterization of RVFV monoclonal antibodies. The characteristics of 32 out of 55 ELISA and/or IFA positive monoclonal antibodies were determined, including the RVFV components against which they are directed. One monoclonal antibody recognized the nucleoprotein, 15 the Gc and 16 the Gn. Among the latter ones, five monoclonal antibodies possess another specificity and recognized both Gn and either the nucleoprotein (four of them) or the NSs protein (one). To validate the use of these monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis tests, a pool of monoclonal antibodies reacting with the structural proteins was prepared and used successfully to detect RVFV from cell culture as well as viral antigen-antibody complex in ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zaki
- Virology Laboratory, Dr. Fakeeh Hospital, P.O. Box 2537, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Toscana virus (Bunyaviridae family, Phlebovirus genus) is a sandfly fever virus responsible for human neurological infections. Sandfly viruses are transmitted by insect vectors (Phlebotomus species) and the infection is present in climatic areas that allow the life cycle of the vector. The arthropode-borne Toscana virus is the etiologic agent of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis. The frequency of this neuropathic infection increases in the summer months, peaking in August in the endemic Mediterranean areas (Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Cyprus). Infection diagnosis is carried out by molecular assays and immunoenzymatic tests, which are rapid and sensitive. Recent studies have investigated the antigenic properties of the viral proteins (nucleoprotein N and surface glycoproteins G1 and G2), to better understand their immunogentic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Valassina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section of Virology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cusi MG, Valensin PE, Donati M, Valassina M. Neutralization of Toscana virus is partially mediated by antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein. J Med Virol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200101)63:1<72::aid-jmv1011>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Sall AA, Zanotto PM, Vialat P, Sène OK, Bouloy M. Molecular epidemiology and emergence of Rift Valley fever. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1998; 93:609-14. [PMID: 9830526 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease which manifested itself during recent epidemics and revealed its significant potential of emergence. Studies on molecular epidemiology undertaken to better understand the factors leading to RVF emergence, have confirmed the mode of circulation of the virus and highlighted probable risks and obstacles for prevention and control. As for several other viral agents, molecular epidemiology is becoming a useful tool in the study of the emergence of RVF as a serious infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Sall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
House JA, Turell MJ, Mebus CA. Rift Valley fever: present status and risk to the Western Hemisphere. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 653:233-42. [PMID: 1626877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A House
- United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenport, New York 11944
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Besselaar TG, Blackburn NK, Meenehan GM. Antigenic analysis of Rift Valley fever virus isolates: monoclonal antibodies distinguish between wild-type and neurotropic virus strains. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1991; 142:469-74. [PMID: 1803412 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(91)90069-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) isolates from southern Africa were analysed for possible strain variation using monoclonal antibodies prepared against the South African prototype RVF 1830 strain. By the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay and neutralization tests, the wild type southern African isolates were found to be antigenically similar to RVFV strains from other parts of Africa. In contrast, differences in several biologically important neutralizing and haemagglutination epitopes on both the G1 and G2 glycoproteins of the attenuated Onderstepoort veterinary vaccine and the Smithburn neurotropic strain were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T G Besselaar
- Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- L Kingsford
- Department of Microbiology, California State University, Long Beach 90840
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saluzzo JF, Smith JF. Use of reassortant viruses to map attenuating and temperature-sensitive mutations of the Rift Valley fever virus MP-12 vaccine. Vaccine 1990; 8:369-75. [PMID: 2396475 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A live-attenuated vaccine for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), MP-12, has been developed recently by undirected, serial mutagenesis of a RVFV strain (ZH548) isolated during the 1977 epidemic in Egypt. In the present study, the mutations responsible for attenuation of this virus have been examined by analysis of reassortant viruses generated between the vaccine strain and a wild RVFV strain isolated in Senegal. Reassortant viruses were generated efficiently in multiply infected Vero cells, and were readily isolated without application of selective pressures. The origin of the S and M genomic RNA segments in each cloned reassortant virus was determined with monoclonal antibodies capable of differentiating the nucleocapsid protein (S segment marker) or G1 glycoprotein (M segment marker) of the parental strains. The L segment of the vaccine strain was found to contain a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation, and the origin of the L segment in most reassortants could be inferred by analysis of their ts phenotype. Analysis of the virulence properties of selected reassortant viruses in mice demonstrated that virulence characteristics were under polygenic control, and that at least one mutation capable of independently attenuating the virus existed on each genome segment. The L and M RNA segments were also found to contain ts mutations. These findings suggest that reversion to virulence is unlikely, and further indicate that genetic reassortment with wild-type viruses during a vaccination programme in endemic areas would also be expected to yield attenuated variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Saluzzo
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701-5011
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saluzzo JF, Anderson GW, Smith JF, Fontenille D, Coulanges P. Biological and antigenic relationship between Rift Valley fever virus strains isolated in Egypt and Madagascar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989; 83:701. [PMID: 2617635 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J F Saluzzo
- USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 2170-5011
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|