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Herath D, Even B, Oranger M, Foresti R, Papy D, Boyer L, Boczkowski J, Dagouassat M. Secreted phospholipase A2 XIIA triggers a mitochondrial damage-induced senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:129-140. [PMID: 37257701 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung fibroblast senescence is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the mechanisms underlining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. Secreted phospholipases (sPLA2, a subclass of phospholipases) are secreted by senescent cells and can in turn induce senescence. However, their role in fibroblasts senescence in COPD is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sPLA2 in pulmonary fibroblast senescence. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from patients with COPD and control subjects, and senescence markers and inflammatory profile was analyzed. sPLA2 levels were quantified in serum of COPD and controls. MAIN RESULTS In comparison with non-smokers and smoker controls, senescent lung COPD fibroblasts exhibited a higher mRNA and protein expression of the sPLA2 isoform XIIA and of syndecan 4 (one of its receptors). sPLA2 XIIA induced in turn senescence of non-senescent pulmonary fibroblasts via a pathway involving consecutively syndecan 4, activation of MAPK and p-serine 727 STAT-3, increased mitochondrial ROS production, and activation of AMPK/p53. This pathway was associated with a specific inflammatory secretome (IL-10, IL-12 and TNFα), globally suggesting occurrence of a mitochondrial damage-induced senescence. COPD fibroblasts were more susceptible to this sPLA2 XIIA effect than cells from controls subjects. sPLA2 XIIA levels were significantly higher in serum from COPD patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSION sPLA2 XIIA is involved in senescence in COPD and could be a potential target to dampen this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushki Herath
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Benjamin Even
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | | | - Roberta Foresti
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | | | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France; AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Antenne de Pneumologie, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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Nyegaard S, Novakovic VA, Rasmussen JT, Gilbert GE. Lactadherin inhibits secretory phospholipase A2 activity on pre-apoptotic leukemia cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77143. [PMID: 24194865 PMCID: PMC3806724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a critical component of insect and snake venoms and is secreted by mammalian leukocytes during inflammation. Elevated secretory PLA2 concentrations are associated with autoimmune diseases and septic shock. Many sPLA2’s do not bind to plasma membranes of quiescent cells but bind and digest phospholipids on the membranes of stimulated or apoptotic cells. The capacity of these phospholipases to digest membranes of stimulated or apoptotic cells correlates to the exposure of phosphatidylserine. In the present study, the ability of the phosphatidyl-L-serine-binding protein, lactadherin to inhibit phospholipase enzyme activity has been assessed. Inhibition of human secretory phospholipase A2-V on phospholipid vesicles exceeded 90%, whereas inhibition of Naja mossambica sPLA2 plateaued at 50–60%. Lactadherin inhibited 45% of activity of Naja mossambica sPLA2 and >70% of human secretory phospholipase A2-V on the membranes of human NB4 leukemia cells treated with calcium ionophore A23187. The data indicate that lactadherin may decrease inflammation by inhibiting sPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Nyegaard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Departments of Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Novakovic
- Departments of Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan T. Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary E. Gilbert
- Departments of Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Emerging roles of secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes: An update. Biochimie 2013; 95:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Seeds MC, Grier BL, Suckling BN, Safta AM, Long DL, Waite BM, Morris PE, Hite RD. Secretory phospholipase A2-mediated depletion of phosphatidylglycerol in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Med Sci 2012; 343:446-51. [PMID: 22173044 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e318239c96c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) hydrolyze phospholipids in cell membranes and extracellular structures such as pulmonary surfactant. This study tests the hypothesis that sPLA2 are elevated in human lungs during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and that sPLA2 levels are associated with surfactant injury by hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipids. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 18 patients with early ARDS (<72 hours) and compared with samples from 10 healthy volunteers. Secreted phospholipase A2 levels were measured (enzyme activity and enzyme immunoassay) in conjunction with ARDS subjects' surfactant abnormalities including surfactant phospholipid composition, large and small aggregates distribution and surface tension function. RESULTS BAL sPLA2 enzyme activity was markedly elevated in ARDS samples relative to healthy subjects when measured by ex vivo hydrolysis of both phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Enzyme immunoassay identified increased PLA2G2A protein in the ARDS BAL fluid, which was strongly correlated with the sPLA2 enzyme activity against PG. Of particular interest, the authors demonstrated an average depletion of 69% of the PG in the ARDS sample large aggregates relative to the normal controls. Furthermore, the sPLA2 enzyme activity against PG and PC ex vivo correlated with the BAL recovery of in vivo PG and PC, respectively, and also correlated with the altered distribution of the large and small surfactant aggregates. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that sPLA2-mediated hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipid, especially PG by PLA2G2A, contributes to surfactant injury during early ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Seeds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Madsen JJ, Linderoth L, Subramanian AK, Andresen TL, Peters GH. Secretory phospholipase A2 activity toward diverse substrates. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6853-61. [PMID: 21561115 DOI: 10.1021/jp112137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied secretory phospholipase A(2)-IIA (sPLA(2)) activity toward different phospholipid analogues by performing biophysical characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations. The phospholipids were natural substrates, triple alkyl phospholipids, a prodrug anticancer etherlipid, and an inverted ester. The latter were included to study head group-enzyme interactions. Our simulation results show that the lipids are optimally placed into the binding cleft and that water molecules can freely reach the active site through a well-defined pathway; both are indicative that these substrates are efficiently hydrolyzed, which is in good agreement with our experimental data. The phospholipid analogue with three alkyl side chains forms aggregates of different shapes with no well-defined sizes due to its cone-shape structure. Phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine head groups interact with specific charged residues, but relatively large fluctuations are observed, suggesting that these interactions are not necessarily important for stabilizing substrate binding to the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Tsao FHC, Shanmuganayagam D, Zachman DK, Khosravi M, Folts JD, Meyer KC. A continuous fluorescence assay for the determination of calcium-dependent secretory phospholipase A2 activity in serum. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 379:119-26. [PMID: 17292873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium-dependent secretory phospholipase A(2)-IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) in the circulation is a marker of inflammation, associated with acute and chronic disease processes. We describe a quick, sensitive and reliable microplate continuous fluorescence assay for determining sPLA(2) activity in serum. METHODS Liposomes composed of a fluorescent probe and varying amounts of L-alpha-phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) were used as substrates to determine the optimal protocol for sPLA(2) activity determination without interference from serum albumin and lipoproteins. RESULTS Hydrolysis of the labeled substrate by sPLA(2)-IIA, characterized by increase in fluorescence intensity (FI) and confirmed by end-product analysis, occurred in a time-, calcium-, and protein-dependent manner. Liposomes containing 100% PG were most suitable for measurement of sPLA(2) activity without interference from serum components; LDL produced a Ca(2+)-independent increase in FI when liposomes containing DOPC were used. The assay determined that sPLA(2) activity in serum spiked with sPLA(2)-IIA and illustrated that endogenous sPLA(2) activity was markedly higher in sera from patients with sepsis than in healthy subjects. Intra-assay and inter-assay CVs were in the ranges of 1.6-8.8% and 3.0-11.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The described method has potential for rapid and sensitive screening of sPLA(2) activity in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis H C Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Rosengren B, Jönsson-Rylander AC, Peilot H, Camejo G, Hurt-Camejo E. Distinctiveness of secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA and V suggesting unique roles in atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:1301-8. [PMID: 17070102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clinical observations strongly support an association of circulating levels of secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Two modes of action can provide causal support for these statistical correlations. One is the action of the enzymes on circulating lipoproteins and the other is direct action on the lipoproteins once in the arterial extracellular intima. In this review we discuss results suggesting a distinct profile of characteristics related to localization, action on plasma lipoproteins and interaction with arterial proteoglycans for sPLA(2)-IIA and sPLA(2)-V. The differences observed indicate that these enzymes may contribute to atherosclerosis through dissimilar pathways. Furthermore, we comment on recent animal studies from our laboratory indicating that the expression of type V enzyme is up-regulated by genetically and nutritionally-induced dyslipidemias but not the group type IIA enzyme, which is well known to be up-regulated by acute inflammation. The results suggest that if similar up-regulation occurs in humans in response to hyperlipidemia, it may create a distinctive link between the group V enzyme and the disease.
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Moses GSD, Jensen MD, Lue LF, Walker DG, Sun AY, Simonyi A, Sun GY. Secretory PLA2-IIA: a new inflammatory factor for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2006; 3:28. [PMID: 17026770 PMCID: PMC1613236 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-3-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is an inflammatory protein known to play a role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Although this enzyme has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, there has not been a direct demonstration of its expression in diseased human brain. In this study, we show that sPLA2-IIA mRNA is up-regulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains as compared to non-demented elderly brains (ND). We also report a higher percentage of sPLA2-IIA-immunoreactive astrocytes present in AD hippocampus and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). In ITG, the majority of sPLA2-IIA-positive astrocytes were associated with amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques. Studies with human astrocytes in culture demonstrated the ability of oligomeric Aβ1–42 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to induce sPLA2-IIA mRNA expression, indicating that this gene is among those induced by inflammatory cytokines. Since exogenous sPLA2-IIA has been shown to cause neuronal injury, understanding the mechanism(s) and physiological consequences of sPLA2-IIA upregulation in AD brain may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit the inflammatory responses and to retard the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna SD Moses
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85372, USA
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lih-Fen Lue
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85372, USA
| | - Douglas G Walker
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85372, USA
| | - Albert Y Sun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Macchioni L, Corazzi L, Nardicchi V, Mannucci R, Arcuri C, Porcellati S, Sposini T, Donato R, Goracci G. Rat Brain Cortex Mitochondria Release Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 under Reduced Membrane Potential. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:37860-9. [PMID: 15231825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303855200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brain mitochondrial phospholipase(s) A(2) (PLA(2)) might contribute to cell damage and be involved in neurodegeneration. Despite the potential importance of the phenomenon, the number, identities, and properties of these enzymes are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that isolated mitochondria from rat brain cortex, incubated in the absence of respiratory substrates, release a Ca(2+)-dependent PLA(2) having biochemical properties characteristic to secreted PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) and immunoreacting with the antibody raised against recombinant type IIA sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA). Under identical conditions, no release of fumarase in the extramitochondrial medium was observed. The release of sPLA(2) from mitochondria decreases when mitochondria are incubated in the presence of respiratory substrates such as ADP, malate, and pyruvate, which causes an increase of transmembrane potential determined by cytofluorimetric analysis using DiOC(6)(3) as a probe. The treatment of mitochondria with the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone slightly enhances sPLA(2) release. The increase of sPLA(2) specific activity after removal of mitochondrial outer membrane indicates that the enzyme is associated with mitoplasts. The mitochondrial localization of the enzyme has been confirmed by electron microscopy in U-251 astrocytoma cells and by confocal laser microscopy in the same cells and in PC-12 cells, where the structurally similar isoform type V-sPLA(2) has mainly nuclear localization. In addition to sPLA(2), mitochondria contain another phospholipase A(2) that is Ca(2+)-independent and sensitive to bromoenol lactone, associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane. We hypothesize that, under reduced respiratory rate, brain mitochondria release sPLA(2)-IIA that might contribute to cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Macchioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, I-06125 Perugia, Italy
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Georgieva DN, Rypniewski W, Gabdoulkhakov A, Genov N, Betzel C. Asp49 phospholipase A2–elaidoylamide complex: a new mode of inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 319:1314-21. [PMID: 15194511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of phospholipase A(2)s (PLA(2)s) is of pharmacological and therapeutic interest because these enzymes are involved in several inflammatory diseases. Elaidoylamide is a powerful inhibitor of a neurotoxic PLA(2) from the Vipera ammodytes meridionalis venom. The X-ray structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex reveals a new mode of Asp49 PLA(2) inhibition by a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain. The structure contains two identical homodimers in the asymmetric unit. In each dimer one subunit is rotated by 180 degrees with respect to the other and the two molecules are oriented head-to-tail. One molecule of elaidoylamide is bound simultaneously to the substrate binding sites of two associated neurotoxic phospholipase A(2) molecules. The inhibitor binds symmetrically to the hydrophobic channels of the two monomers. The structure can be used to design anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava N Georgieva
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Leistad L, Feuerherm AJ, Ostensen M, Faxvaag A, Johansen B. Presence of secretory group IIa and V phospholipase A2 and cytosolic group IVα phospholipase A2 in chondrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 42:602-10. [PMID: 15259375 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2004.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBoth secretory and cytosolic phospholipase A
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Leistad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) can be proatherogenic both in the circulation and in the arterial wall. In blood plasma, PLA(2) can modify the circulating lipoproteins and so induce formation of small dense LDL particles, which are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In the arterial wall, PLA(2) can hydrolyze lipoproteins. The PLA(2)-modified lipoproteins bind tightly to extracellular proteoglycans, which may lead to their enhanced retention in the arterial wall. The modified lipoproteins may also aggregate and fuse, which can lead to accumulation of their lipids within the extracellular matrix. The PLA(2)-modified particles are more susceptible to further modifications by other enzymes and agents and can be taken up by macrophages, leading to accumulation of intracellular lipids. In addition, lysophospholipids and free fatty acids, the hydrolysis products of PLA(2), promote atherogenesis. Thus, these lipid mediators can be carried, either by the PLA(2)-modified lipoproteins themselves or by albumin, into the arterial cells, which then undergo functional alterations. This may, in turn, lead to specific changes in the extracellular matrix, which increase the retention and accumulation of lipoproteins within the matrix. In the present article, we discuss the possible actions of PLA(2) enzymes, especially PLA(2)-IIA, in the arterial wall during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hurt-Camejo
- AstraZeneca R&D, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden.
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