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Zhirov AM, Kovalev DA, Ulshina DV, Pisarenko SV, Demidov OP, Borovlev IV. Diazapyrenes: interaction with nucleic acids and biological activity. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020; 56:674-693. [PMID: 32836316 PMCID: PMC7366485 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes data on the practical aspects of the interaction of nucleic acids with diazapyrene derivatives. The information on biological activity is given and the probable mechanisms underlying the action of diazapyrenes are analyzed. It contains 119 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey M. Zhirov
- Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, 13-15 Sovetskaya St, Stavropol, 355035 Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Kovalev
- Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, 13-15 Sovetskaya St, Stavropol, 355035 Russia
| | - Diana V. Ulshina
- Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, 13-15 Sovetskaya St, Stavropol, 355035 Russia
| | - Sergey V. Pisarenko
- Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, 13-15 Sovetskaya St, Stavropol, 355035 Russia
| | - Oleg P. Demidov
- North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkina St, Stavropol, 355017 Russia
| | - Ivan V. Borovlev
- North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkina St, Stavropol, 355017 Russia
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2
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Ionescu A, Caligiuri R, Godbert N, Ricciardi L, La Deda M, Ghedini M, Ferri N, Lupo MG, Facchetti G, Rimoldi I, Aiello I. Cytotoxic performances of new anionic cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes bearing chelated O^O ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Rossella Caligiuri
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Loredana Ricciardi
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Mauro Ghedini
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 5 35131 Padua Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 5 35131 Padua Italy
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Iolinda Aiello
- MAT‐InLAB, LASCAMM CR‐INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 14C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- CNR NANOTEC‐Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
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3
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Malina J, Čechová K, Farrell NP, Brabec V. Substitution-Inert Polynuclear Platinum Complexes with Dangling Amines: Condensation/Aggregation of Nucleic Acids and Inhibition of DNA-Related Enzymatic Activities. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6804-6810. [PMID: 31046253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The substitution-inert polynuclear platinum complexes (SI-PPCs) are now recognized as a distinct subclass of platinum anticancer drugs with high DNA binding affinity. Here, we investigate the effects of SI-PPCs containing dangling amine groups in place of NH3 as ligands to increase the length of the molecule and therefore overall charge and its distribution. The results obtained with the aid of biophysical techniques, such as total intensity light scattering, gel electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy, show that addition of dangling amine groups considerably augments the ability of SI-PPCs to condense/aggregate nucleic acids. Moreover, this enhanced capability of SI-PPCs correlates with their heightened efficiency to inhibit DNA-related enzymatic activities, such as those connected with DNA transcription, catalysis of DNA relaxation by DNA topoisomerase I, and DNA synthesis catalyzed by Taq DNA polymerase. Thus, the addition of the dangling amine groups resulting in structures of SI-PPCs, which differ so markedly from the derivatives of cisplatin used in the clinic, appears to contribute to the overall biological activity of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Malina
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Klára Čechová
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284-2006 , United States
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
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Deo KM, Ang DL, McGhie B, Rajamanickam A, Dhiman A, Khoury A, Holland J, Bjelosevic A, Pages B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Platinum coordination compounds with potent anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Pérez SA, de Haro C, Vicente C, Donaire A, Zamora A, Zajac J, Kostrhunova H, Brabec V, Bautista D, Ruiz J. New Acridine Thiourea Gold(I) Anticancer Agents: Targeting the Nucleus and Inhibiting Vasculogenic Mimicry. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1524-1537. [PMID: 28388047 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new 1-acridin-9-yl-3-methylthiourea Au(I) DNA intercalators [Au(ACRTU)2]Cl (2) and [Au(ACRTU) (PPh3)]PF6 (3) have been prepared. Both complexes were highly active in the human ovarian carcinoma cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cell line, exhibiting IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Compounds 2 and 3 are also cytotoxic toward different phenotypes of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (triple negative), SK-BR-3 (HER2+, ERα-, and ERβ-), and MCF-7 (ER+). Both complexes induce apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 in vitro. While inhibition of some proteins (thiol-containing enzymes) seems to be the main mechanism of action for cytotoxic gold complexes, 2 and 3 present a DNA-dependent mechanism of action. They locate in the cell nucleus according to confocal microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy. The binding to DNA resulted to be via intercalation as shown by spectroscopic methods and viscometry, exhibiting a dose-dependent response on topoisomerase I mediated DNA unwinding. In addition, 2 and 3 exhibit potent antiangiogenic effects and are also able to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Pérez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción de Haro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Vicente
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Donaire
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Zamora
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juraj Zajac
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu
27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - José Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Biomedical
Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Evison BJ, Sleebs BE, Watson KG, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Mitoxantrone, More than Just Another Topoisomerase II Poison. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:248-99. [PMID: 26286294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione originally developed to improve the therapeutic profile of the anthracyclines and is commonly applied in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, lymphomas, and leukemias. A comprehensive overview of the drug's molecular, biochemical, and cellular pharmacology is presented here, beginning with the cardiotoxic nature of its predecessor doxorubicin and how these properties shaped the pharmacology of mitoxantrone itself. Although mitoxantrone is firmly established as a DNA topoisomerase II poison within mammalian cells, it is now clear that the drug interacts with a much broader range of biological macromolecules both covalently and noncovalently. Here, we consider each of these interactions in the context of their wider biological relevance to cancer therapy and highlight how they may be exploited to further enhance the therapeutic value of mitoxantrone. In doing so, it is now clear that mitoxantrone is more than just another topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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7
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Malina J, Hannon MJ, Brabec V. Iron(II) supramolecular helicates condense plasmid DNA and inhibit vital DNA-related enzymatic activities. Chemistry 2015; 21:11189-95. [PMID: 26103944 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear iron(II) supramolecular helicates [Fe2 L3 ]Cl4 (L=C25 H20 N4 ) bind to DNA through noncovalent (i.e., hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic) interactions and exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer effects. In this study, we show that the helicates condense plasmid DNA with a much higher potency than conventional DNA-condensing agents. Notably, molecules of DNA in the presence of the M enantiomer of [Fe2 L3 ]Cl4 do not form intermolecular aggregates typically formed by other condensing agents, such as spermidine or spermine. The helicates inhibit the activity of several DNA-processing enzymes, such as RNA polymerase, DNA topoisomerase I, deoxyribonuclease I, and site-specific restriction endonucleases. However, the results also indicate that the DNA condensation induced by the helicates does not play a crucial role in these inhibition reactions. The mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of [Fe2 L3 ]Cl4 helicates on DNA-related enzymatic activities have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Malina
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno (Czech Republic)
| | - Michael J Hannon
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (UK)
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno (Czech Republic).
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8
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Malina J, Farrell NP, Brabec V. Substitution-inert trinuclear platinum complexes efficiently condense/aggregate nucleic acids and inhibit enzymatic activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12812-6. [PMID: 25256921 PMCID: PMC4311996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The trinuclear platinum complexes (TriplatinNC-A [{Pt(NH3 )3 }2 -μ-{trans-Pt(NH3 )2 (NH2 (CH2 )6 NH2 )2 }](6+) , and TriplatinNC [{trans-Pt(NH3 )2 (NH2 (CH2 )6 NH3 (+) )}2 -μ-{trans-Pt(NH3 )2 (NH2 (CH2 )6 NH2 )2 }](8+) ) are biologically active agents that bind to DNA through noncovalent (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic) interactions. Herein, we show that TriplatinNC condenses DNA with a much higher potency than conventional DNA condensing agents. Both complexes induce aggregation of small transfer RNA molecules, and TriplatinNC in particular completely inhibits DNA transcription at lower concentrations than naturally occurring spermine. Topoisomerase I-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA was inhibited by TriplatinNC-A and TriplatinNC at concentrations which were 60 times and 250 times lower than that of spermine. The mechanisms for the biological activity of TriplatinNC-A and TriplatinNC may be associated with their ability to condense/aggregate nucleic acids with consequent inhibitory effects on crucial enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Malina
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno (Czech Republic)
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno (Czech Republic)
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9
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Malina J, Farrell NP, Brabec V. Substitution-Inert Trinuclear Platinum Complexes Efficiently Condense/Aggregate Nucleic Acids and Inhibit Enzymatic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Zagotto G, Gianoncelli A, Sissi C, Marzano C, Gandin V, Pasquale R, Capranico G, Ribaudo G, Palumbo M. Novel ametantrone-amsacrine related hybrids as topoisomerase IIβ poisons and cytotoxic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:728-37. [PMID: 25042690 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The precise definition of the structural requirements for effective topoisomerase II poisoning by drug molecules is still an elusive issue. In the attempt to better define a pharmacophoric pattern, we prepared several conjugates combining the chemical features of two well-known topoisomerase II poisons, amsacrine and ametantrone. Indeed, an appropriate fusion geometry, which entails the anthracenedione moiety of ametantrone appropriately connected to the methanesulfonamidoaniline side chain of amsacrine, elicits DNA-intercalating properties, the capacity to inhibit the human topoisomerase IIβ isoform, and cytotoxic activity resembling that of the parent compounds. In addition, the properties of the lateral groups linked to the anthracenedione group play an important role in modulating DNA binding and cell cytotoxicity. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11, and 19 appear to be promising for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of cobalt(II) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and maltol. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:339-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Malina J, Vrana O, Brabec V. Mechanistic studies of the modulation of cleavage activity of topoisomerase I by DNA adducts of mono- and bi-functional PtII complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5432-42. [PMID: 19589806 PMCID: PMC2760795 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using electrophoresis and replication mapping, we show that the presence of DNA adducts of bifunctional antitumor cisplatin or monodentate [PtCl(dien)]Cl (dien = diethylenetriamine) in the substrate DNA inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase 1 (top1) action, the adducts of cisplatin being more effective. The presence of camptothecin in the samples of platinated DNA markedly enhances effects of Pt–DNA adducts on top1 activity. Interestingly, the effects of Pt–DNA adducts on the catalytic activity of top1 in the presence of camptothecin differ depending on the sequence context. A multiple metallation of the short nucleotide sequences on the scissile strand, immediately downstream of the cleavage site impedes the cleavage by top1. On the other hand, DNA cleavage by top1 at some cleavage sites which were not platinated in their close proximity is notably enhanced as a consequence of global platination of DNA. We suggest that this enhancement of DNA cleavage by top1 may consist in its inability to bind to other cleavage sites platinated in their close neighborhood; thus, more molecules of top1 may become available for cleavage at the sites where top1 normally cleaves and where platination does not interfere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Malina
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Evison BJ, Chiu F, Pezzoni G, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Formaldehyde-activated Pixantrone is a monofunctional DNA alkylator that binds selectively to CpG and CpA doublets. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:184-94. [PMID: 18413664 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topoisomerase II poison mitoxantrone is important in the clinical management of human malignancies. Pixantrone, a novel aza-anthracenedione developed to improve the therapeutic profile of mitoxantrone, can efficiently alkylate DNA after formaldehyde activation. In vitro transcriptional analysis has now established that formaldehyde-activated pixantrone generates covalent adducts selectively at discrete CpG or CpA dinucleotides, suggesting that the activated complex binds to guanine or cytosine (or both) bases. The stability of pixantrone adduct-induced transcriptional blockages varied considerably, reflecting a mixture of distinct pixantrone adduct types that may include relatively labile monoadducts and more stable interstrand cross-links. 6,9-Bis-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (BBR 2378), the dimethyl N-substituted analog of pixantrone, could not form adducts, suggesting that pixantrone alkylates DNA through the primary amino functions located in each side chain of the drug. Pixantrone generated DNA adducts only when guanine was present in substrates and exhibited a lack of adduct formation with inosine-containing polynucleotides, confirming that the N2 amino group of guanine is the site for covalent attachment of the drug. Mass spectrometric analysis of oligonucleotide-drug complexes confirmed that formation of covalent pixantrone-DNA adducts is mediated by a single methylene linkage provided by formaldehyde and that this occurs only with guanine-containing double stranded oligonucleotide substrates. CpG methylation, an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome, significantly enhanced the generation of pixantrone-DNA adducts within a methylated DNA substrate, indicating that the methylated dinucleotide may be a favored target in a cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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14
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Synthesis, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity of 1,4-bis(2-amino-ethylamino)anthraquinone–amino acid conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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René B, Fermandjian S, Mauffret O. Does topoisomerase II specifically recognize and cleave hairpins, cruciforms and crossovers of DNA? Biochimie 2007; 89:508-15. [PMID: 17397986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II is an enzyme that specializes in DNA disentanglement. It catalyzes the interconversion of DNA between different topological states. This event requires the passage of one duplex through another one via a transient double-strand break. Topoisomerase II is able to process any type of DNA, including structures such as DNA juxtapositions (crossovers), DNA hairpins or cruciforms, which are recognized with high specificity. In this review, we focused our attention on topoisomerase II recognizing DNA substrates that possess particular geometries. A strong cleavage site, as we identified in pBR322 DNA in the presence of ellipticine (site 22), appears to be characterized by a cruciform structure formed from two stable hairpins. The same sequence could also constitute a four-way junction structure stabilized by interactions involving ATC sequences. The latter have been shown to be able to promote Holliday junctions. We reviewed the recent literature that deals with the preferential recognition of crossovers by various topoisomerases. The single molecule relaxation experiments have demonstrated the differential abilities of the topoisomerases to recognize crossovers. It appears that enzymes, which distinguish the chirality of the crossovers, possess specialized domains dedicated to this function. We also stress that the formation of crossovers is dependent on the presence of adequate stabilizing sequences. Investigation of the impact of such structures on enzyme activity is important in order to both improve our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the topoisomerase II and to develop new inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte René
- Département de Biologie et Pharmacologie Structurales, UMR 8113 CNRS LBPA (ENS Cachan), Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
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16
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Eder AR, Chen JS, Arriaga EA. Separation of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3263-70. [PMID: 16915573 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicinol (DOXol) is a human metabolite of the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX), and is associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and decreased drug efficacy. Due to the structural similarities and equal molecular charges of DOXol and DOX, their electrophoretic separation is commonly ineffective. A method for separating and detecting DOX and DOXol, as well as two DOXol enantiomers, was established using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Differential DOXol production was detected in a DOX-sensitive and resistant pair of cell lines, with a 0.08 +/- 0.01 fmol limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Eder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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Eder AR, Arriaga EA. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography reveals differences in intracellular metabolism between liposomal and free doxorubicin treatment of human leukemia cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 829:115-22. [PMID: 16246643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxil is a pegylated liposome formulation of the anthracycline doxorubicin. To better explain observed differences in the toxicity of Doxil and free doxorubicin in solution, the intracellular metabolism of the formulations after treatment in CCRF-CEM and CEM/C2 human leukemia cell lines was investigated. Using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection, with a 63 zepto (10(-21)) mole doxorubicin limit of detection, five common metabolites and doxorubicin were detected upon treatment with both of these drug delivery systems. Two unique metabolites appeared with the Doxil and two unique metabolites appeared with the free doxorubicin delivery systems. For common metabolites, the relative amount of metabolite generated from Doxil was approximately 10 times higher than for free doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Eder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kettmann V, Kost'álová D, Höltje HD. Human topoisomerase I poisoning: docking protoberberines into a structure-based binding site model. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2005; 18:785-96. [PMID: 16075310 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-004-7878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using the X-ray crystal structure of the human topoisomerase I (top1) - DNA cleavable complex and the Sybyl software package, we have developed a general model for the ternary cleavable complex formed with four protoberberine alkaloids differing in the substitution on the terminal phenyl rings and covering a broad range of the top1-poisoning activities. This model has the drug intercalated with its planar chromophore between the -1 and +1 base pairs flanking the cleavage site, with the nonplanar portion pointing into the minor groove. The ternary complexes were geometry-optimized and relative interaction energies, computed by using the Tripos force field, were found to rank in correct order the biological potency of the compounds; in addition, the model is also consistent with the top1-poisoning inactivity of berberine, a major prototype of the protoberberine alkaloids. The model might serve as a rational basis for elaboration of the most active compound as a lead structure, in order to develop more potent top1 poisons as next generation anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kettmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Perchellet EM, Wang Y, Weber RL, Lou K, Hua DH, Perchellet JPH. Antitumor triptycene bisquinones induce a caspase-independent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and a caspase-2-mediated activation of initiator caspase-8 and -9 in HL-60 cells by a mechanism which does not involve Fas signaling. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15:929-46. [PMID: 15514562 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200411000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic triptycene analogs (TT code number) mimic the antitumor effects of daunorubicin (DAU) in vitro, but have the advantage of blocking nucleoside transport, inhibiting both DNA topoisomerase I and II activities, and retaining their efficacy in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. Since TT bisquinones induce poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage at 6 h and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation at 24 h, which are, respectively, early and late markers of apoptosis, these antitumor drugs were tested for their ability to trigger the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c) and the caspase activation cascade in the HL-60 cell system. Based on their ability to reduce the viability of wild-type, drug-sensitive HL-60-S cells in the nanomolar range, six lead antitumor TT bisquinones have been identified so far: TT2, TT13, TT16, TT19, TT24 and TT26. In accord with the fact that effector caspase-3 is responsible for PARP-1 cleavage, 4 microM concentrations of DAU and these TT bisquinones all maximally induce caspase-3 activity at 6 h in HL-60-S cells, an effect which persists when the drugs are removed after a 1-h pulse treatment. Since caspase-3 may be activated by initiator caspase-9 and -8, it is significant to show that such caspase activation cascade is induced by 4 microM DAU and TT bisquinones at 6 h in HL-60-S cells. Although the relationship is not perfect, the ability of TT analogs to induce caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities may be linked to their quinone functionality and cytotoxicity. Interestingly, 4 microM concentrations of TT bisquinones retain their ability to induce caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities at 6 h in the MDR HL-60-RV cell line where 4 microM DAU becomes totally ineffective. The release of mitochondrial Cyt c is also detected within 6 h in HL-60-S cells treated with 4 microM DAU or TT bisquinones, a finding consistent with the fact that Cyt c is the apoptotic trigger that activates caspase-9. Caspase-2 and -8 may both act upstream of mitochondria to promote Cyt c release, but caspase-2 is already maximally activated 6 h after 4 microM DAU or TT13 treatments, whereas DAU- or TT-induced caspase-8 and -9 activities peak at 9 h. Pre-treatments with 15 microM of the caspase-2 inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl (z)-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp (VDVAD)-fluoromethyl ketone (fmk) totally block DAU- and TT13-induced caspase-2, -8 and -9 activities, whereas pre-treatments with 15 microM of the caspase-8 inhibitor z-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp (IETD)-fmk prevent DAU and TT13 from inducing caspase-8 activities without affecting their caspase-2- and -9-inducing activities, suggesting that the induction of apical caspase-2 activity by these drugs may be a critical upstream event required for the activation of other downstream caspases, including caspase-9 and the mitochondrial amplification loop through caspase-8. However, the mechanisms by which DAU and TT13 induce the release of mitochondrial Cyt c appear to be caspase-independent since they are both insensitive to similar pre-treatments with 100 microM of these specific caspase-2 and -8 inhibitors. Moreover, pre-treatments with 10 microg/ml of the antagonistic anti-Fas DX2 and ZB4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and the neutralizing anti-Fas ligand (FasL) NOK-1 mAb are all unable to prevent DAU and TT13 from inducing Cyt c release and caspase-2, -8 and -9 activities, suggesting that the Fas-FasL signaling pathway is not involved in the mechanism by which these quinone antitumor drugs trigger apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Perchellet
- Anti-Cancer Drug Laboratory, Division of Biology, Ackert Hall; Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA
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Solier S, Lansiaux A, Logette E, Wu J, Soret J, Tazi J, Bailly C, Desoche L, Solary E, Corcos L. Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors Control Caspase-2 Pre-Messenger RNA Splicing in Human Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.53.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have recently shown that the topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide (VP16), could trigger caspase-2 pre-mRNA splicing in human leukemic cell lines. This leads to increased inclusion of exon 9, which is specifically inserted into the short caspase-2S isoform mRNA and absent from the long caspase-2L isoform mRNA. One of the consequences of this alternative splicing is a decrease in the total amount of the mature form of caspase-2L mRNA and protein. In this study, we analyzed the effects of several representative molecules of various classes of cytotoxic agents on caspase-2 pre-mRNA splicing in both U937 leukemic cells and in HeLa cervix carcinoma cells. Very strikingly, both topoisomerase I (camptothecin and homocamptothecin derivatives) and II (VP16, amsacrine, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone) inhibitors induced exon 9 inclusion. DNA intercalating glycosyl indolocarbazole derivatives as well as DNA alkylating agents, such as cisplatin and melphalan, antimetabolites like 5-fluorouracil, and mitotic spindle poisons like vinblastine had no effect. Therefore, both classes of DNA topoisomerases can control pre-mRNA splicing of the caspase-2 transcript. In addition, the splicing reaction brought about by camptothecin was hampered in human CEM/C2 and in murine P388-45R leukemic deficient in topoisomerase I activity. Conversely, VP16 did not trigger caspase-2 alternative splicing in human HL60/MX2 leukemic cells harboring a mutant topoisomerase II. Minigene transfection analysis revealed that topoisomerase inhibitors did not change the splicing profile when cis-acting elements in intron-9, reported to control exon 9 inclusion independently of drug treatment, were removed. Rather, our experiments suggest that exon 9 inclusion induced by topoisomerase inhibitors reflects the activity exerted by topoisomerase I or II on proteins that control splicing reactions, or their direct involvement in pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Solier
- 1Inserm U517, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
- 2Service d' Hématologie Clinique, CHRU le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Amélie Lansiaux
- 3Inserm U524, Institut de Recherches sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | | | - Jane Wu
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, McDonnell Pediatric Research Building Rm 3107, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Johann Soret
- 5Metazoan Messenger RNAs Metabolism, IGM, UMR 5535 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- 5Metazoan Messenger RNAs Metabolism, IGM, UMR 5535 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Bailly
- 3Inserm U524, Institut de Recherches sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | | | - Eric Solary
- 1Inserm U517, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France
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Wang B, Perchellet EM, Wang Y, Tamura M, Hua DH, Perchellet JPH. Antitumor triptycene bisquinones: a novel synthetic class of dual inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I and II activities. Anticancer Drugs 2003; 14:503-14. [PMID: 12960734 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200308000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic triptycene analogs (TT code number) mimic the antitumor effects of daunorubicin in the nanomolar range in vitro, but have the advantage of blocking nucleoside transport and retaining their efficacy in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. Since TT bisquinones induce poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage at 6 h and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation at 24 h, which are, respectively, early and late markers of apoptosis, these lead antitumor drugs were tested for their ability to trigger the DNA topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitions responsible for the initial and massive high-molecular-weight cleavage of DNA required for tumor cells to commit apoptosis. Interestingly, antitumor TTs have the unusual ability to inhibit, in a concentration-dependent manner, the relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA catalyzed by both purified human Topo I and II enzymes. However, if there is a relationship between the ability of TT analogs to inhibit Topo activities and their quinone functionality and cytotoxicity, it is far from perfect, suggesting that other molecular targets may be involved in the mechanism of action of these antitumor drugs. Moreover, one of the most cytotoxic TT bisquinone, 6-bromo-7-methoxy- or 7-bromo-6-methoxy-2-N-methylamino-1 H,4 H,5 H,8H-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1',2']benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetraone (TT24), inhibits Topo II activity more effectively than amsacrine (m-AMSA) and matches the Topo I inhibitory effect of camptothecin (CPT). The dual inhibitory activity of TT24 is substantiated by the findings that TT24 mimics the action of m-AMSA in the Topo II assay, where the Topo I inhibitor CPT is ineffective, and also mimics the action of CPT in the Topo I assay, where the Topo II inhibitor etoposide is ineffective. Because of their ability to target nucleoside transport and topoisomerase activities, synthetic TT bisquinones might represent a novel class of bifunctional drugs valuable to develop new means of polychemotherapy and circumvent MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buna Wang
- Anti-Cancer Drug Laboratory, Division of Biology, Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4901, USA
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Gao H, Yamasaki EF, Chan KK, Shen LL, Snapka RM. DNA sequence specificity for topoisomerase II poisoning by the quinoxaline anticancer drugs XK469 and CQS. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63:1382-8. [PMID: 12761349 DOI: 10.1124/mol.63.6.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two known antineoplastic quinoxaline topoisomerase II poisons, XK469 (NSC 697887) and CQS (chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, NSC 339004), were compared for DNA cleavage site specificity, using purified human topoisomerase IIalpha and human topoisomerase IIbeta. The DNA cleavage intensity pattern for topoisomerase IIalpha poisoning by CQS closely resembled that of VM-26, despite the lack of any apparent common pharmacophore. In contrast, the topoisomerase IIalpha DNA cleavage intensity patterns of XK469 and CQS were very different from one another despite the similar overall structures of the two drugs. This suggests that the differences in DNA site specificity of topoisomerase II poisoning by XK469 and CQS may be caused by differences in their geometry, side chains, or electronic structure. The topoisomerase IIbeta-mediated DNA cleavage sites of CQS and XK469 were also very different from one another, adding further support to this idea. Earlier work has demonstrated that a number of specific topoisomerase II poisons show very similar patterns of DNA cleavage with either topoisomerase IIalpha or topoisomerase IIbeta, suggesting that the topoisomerase II isozymes play only a minor role in choices of DNA cleavage sites. However, both of the quinoxaline topoisomerase II poisons in this study showed distinctly different and unique DNA cleavage intensity patterns with each topoisomerase II isozyme. This indicates that topoisomerase II isozymes can play a major role in DNA cleavage site selection for some classes of topoisomerase II poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Gao
- The Ohio State University, Department of Radiology, 103 Wiseman Hall, 400 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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