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Uguz SS, Ozel B, Grunin L, Ozvural EB, Oztop MH. Non-Conventional Time Domain (TD)-NMR Approaches for Food Quality: Case of Gelatin-Based Candies as a Model Food. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196745. [PMID: 36235279 PMCID: PMC9572356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TD-NMR technique mostly involves the use of T1 (spin-lattice) and T2 (spin-spin) relaxation times to explain the changes occurring in food systems. However, these relaxation times are affected by many factors and might not always be the best indicators to work with in food-related TD-NMR studies. In this study, the non-conventional TD-NMR approaches of Solid Echo (SE)/Magic Sandwich Echo (MSE) and Spin Diffusion in food systems were used for the first time. Soft confectionary gelatin gels were formulated and conventional (T1) and non-conventional (SE, MSE and Spin Diffusion) TD-NMR experiments were performed. Corn syrups with different glucose/fructose compositions were used to prepare the soft candies. Hardness, °Brix (°Bx), and water activity (aw) measurements were also conducted complementary to NMR experiments. Relaxation times changed (p < 0.05) with respect to syrup type with no obvious trend. SE/MSE experiments were performed to calculate the crystallinity of the samples. Samples prepared with fructose had the lowest crystallinity values (p < 0.05). Spin Diffusion experiments were performed by using Goldman−Shen pulse sequence and the interface thickness (d) was calculated. Interface thickness values showed a wide range of variation (p < 0.05). Results showed that non-conventional NMR approaches had high potential to be utilized in food systems for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirvan Sultan Uguz
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Resonance Systems GmbH, 73230 Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Baris Ozel
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir 40100, Turkey
| | - Leonid Grunin
- Resonance Systems GmbH, 73230 Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Emin Burcin Ozvural
- Department of Food Engineering, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı 18200, Turkey
| | - Mecit H. Oztop
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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2
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Time-domain NMR in polyolefin research. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Materials informatics approach using domain modelling for exploring structure-property relationships of polymers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10558. [PMID: 35732681 PMCID: PMC9217937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of polymer materials, it is an important issue to explore the complex relationships between domain structure and physical properties. In the domain structure analysis of polymer materials, 1H-static solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectra can provide information on mobile, rigid, and intermediate domains. But estimation of domain structure from its analysis is difficult due to the wide overlap of spectra from multiple domains. Therefore, we have developed a materials informatics approach that combines the domain modeling (http://dmar.riken.jp/matrigica/) and the integrated analysis of meta-information (the elements, functional groups, additives, and physical properties) in polymer materials. Firstly, the 1H-static ssNMR data of 120 polymer materials were subjected to a short-time Fourier transform to obtain frequency, intensity, and T2 relaxation time for domains with different mobility. The average T2 relaxation time of each domain is 0.96 ms for Mobile, 0.55 ms for Intermediate (Mobile), 0.32 ms for Intermediate (Rigid), and 0.11 ms for Rigid. Secondly, the estimated domain proportions were integrated with meta-information such as elements, functional group and thermophysical properties and was analyzed using a self-organization map and market basket analysis. This proposed method can contribute to explore structure–property relationships of polymer materials with multiple domains.
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4
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Interplay of Structural Factors in Formation of Microphase-Separated or Microphase-Mixed Structures of Polyurethanes Revealed by Solid-State NMR and Dielectric Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121967. [PMID: 34198643 PMCID: PMC8232235 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of aromatic-oxyaliphatic polyurethanes (PUs) with different mass fractions of components also containing fluorinated fragments was synthesized and studied using various solid-state NMR techniques and dielectric spectroscopy. In contrast to the common model suggested by Cooper and Tobolsky in 1966, the rigid domains of microphase separated PUs are formed, not only by units containing urethane bonds, but also by oxyethylene fragments that form a common rigid phase. The urethane bonds and oxyethylene fragments are incorporated into both rigid and soft phases. Good agreement with the Cooper and Tobolsky model is observed only when solubility parameters are significantly different for the hard and soft segments, such as hydrocarbon aromatics and perfluoroaliphatic blocks.
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5
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Qin Y, Litvinov V, Chassé W, Zhang B, Men Y. Change of lamellar morphology upon polymorphic transition of form II to form I crystals in isotactic Polybutene-1 and its copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Signal Deconvolution and Generative Topographic Mapping Regression for Solid-State NMR of Multi-Component Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031086. [PMID: 33499371 PMCID: PMC7865946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy provides information on native structures and the dynamics for predicting and designing the physical properties of multi-component solid materials. However, such an analysis is difficult because of the broad and overlapping spectra of these materials. Therefore, signal deconvolution and prediction are great challenges for their ssNMR analysis. We examined signal deconvolution methods using a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a non-negative tensor/matrix factorization (NTF, NMF), and methods for predicting NMR signals and physical properties using generative topographic mapping regression (GTMR). We demonstrated the applications for macromolecular samples involved in cellulose degradation, plastics, and microalgae such as Euglena gracilis. During cellulose degradation, 13C cross-polarization (CP)-magic angle spinning spectra were separated into signals of cellulose, proteins, and lipids by STFT and NTF. GTMR accurately predicted cellulose degradation for catabolic products such as acetate and CO2. Using these methods, the 1H anisotropic spectrum of poly-ε-caprolactone was separated into the signals of crystalline and amorphous solids. Forward prediction and inverse prediction of GTMR were used to compute STFT-processed NMR signals from the physical properties of polylactic acid. These signal deconvolution and prediction methods for ssNMR spectra of macromolecules can resolve the problem of overlapping spectra and support macromolecular characterization and material design.
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Garcia RHS, Filgueiras JG, deAzevedo ER, Colnago LA. Power-optimized, time-reversal pulse sequence for a robust recovery of signals from rigid segments using time domain NMR. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 104:101619. [PMID: 31470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time domain NMR (TD-NMR) has been widely used on the analysis of liquids or liquid components in heterogeneous materials such as food, biological tissues, synthetic and bio polymers, oil-bearing rocks, biomasses and cement-based materials. The use of TD-NMR for studying solid and soft mater has been growing in number and variety of applications, mostly for organic systems where the detection of 1H signals is highly advantageous. However, the strong 1H-1H dipolar interactions in solids make the 1H FID to decay in the same order of the dead time of most commercially available NMR probe heads. Thus, solid echoes are often used for recovering signals from solid components. In this article we reinvestigate the time-reversal solid-echo pulse sequence proposed by Rhim and Kessemeier, seeking for optimal pulse power and timing conditions that maximize its efficiency on recovering 1H signals from rigid segments. We show that under these optimized conditions, which we denote as Rhim and Kessemeier - Radiofrequency Optimized Solid-Echo (RK-ROSE), the experiment can be more efficient than its most popular counterparts Solid-Echo (SE) and mixed-Magic Sandwich Echoes (mixed-MSE). Our results also suggest that, despite the finite pulse power, with current probe technology the RK-ROSE experiment is potentially able to provide an accurate estimation of rigid components, without relying on an external calibration using multiple standard samples, as usually done in SFC analysis of the FID signal. At last, we demonstrate that RK-ROSE can be adapted as a simple filter to supress signals from mobile segments in heterogeneous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo H S Garcia
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13660-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson G Filgueiras
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13660-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R deAzevedo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13660-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Colnago
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, 13560-970, Brazil, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Maneval JE, Nelson ML, Thrane LW, Codd SL, Seymour JD. A two-region transport model for interpreting T 1-T 2 measurements in complex systems. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 308:106592. [PMID: 31542448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 1D two region coupled pore model with discrete pore coupling is developed to elucidate the eigenmode interactions in regions with different surface relaxivity. Numerical solution of the model and simulation of the correlation experiment for varying surface relaxivity, pore connectivity and pore size ratio indicate the role of negative eigenmodes and overlap of T1 and T2 eigenmodes in generating a time domain signal increase with inversion recovery time, t1. The eigenmodes and eigenfunctions are considered in detail providing connection between the mathematical model and the diffusion dynamics and spin physics of the system. Physical systems, i.e. a microporous glass bead pack, a cyclopentane/water hydrate former, and beeswax, showing experimentally measured T1-T2 time domain signal rise are considered within the limitations of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Maneval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Linn W Thrane
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, USA
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, USA
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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9
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Walder BJ, Prisco NA, Paruzzo FM, Yarava JR, Chmelka BF, Emsley L. Measurement of Proton Spin Diffusivity in Hydrated Cementitious Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5064-5069. [PMID: 31393127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of hydration and crystallization processes involving inorganic oxides is often complicated by poor long-range order and the formation of heterogeneous domains or surface layers. In solid-state NMR, 1H-1H spin diffusion analyses can provide information on spatial composition distributions, domain sizes, or miscibility in both ordered and disordered solids. Such analyses have been implemented in organic solids but crucially rely on separate measurements of the 1H spin diffusion coefficients in closely related systems. We demonstrate that an experimental NMR method, in which "holes" of well-defined dimensions are created in proton magnetization, can be applied to determine spin diffusion coefficients in cementitious solids hydrated with 17O-enriched water. We determine proton spin diffusion coefficients of 240 ± 40 nm2/s for hydrated tricalcium aluminate and 140 ± 20 nm2/s for hydrated tricalcium silicate under quasistatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Walder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan A Prisco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Federico M Paruzzo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jayasubba Reddy Yarava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradley F Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Time Domain NMR in Polymer Science: From the Laboratory to the Industry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly controlled polymers and nanostructures are increasingly translated from the lab to the industry. Together with the industrialization of complex systems from renewable sources, a paradigm change in the processing of plastics and rubbers is underway, requiring a new generation of analytical tools. Here, we present the recent developments in time domain NMR (TD-NMR), starting with an introduction of the methods. Several examples illustrate the new take on traditional issues like the measurement of crosslink density in vulcanized rubber or the monitoring of crystallization kinetics, as well as the unique information that can be extracted from multiphase, nanophase and composite materials. Generally, TD-NMR is capable of determining structural parameters that are in agreement with other techniques and with the final macroscopic properties of industrial interest, as well as reveal details on the local homogeneity that are difficult to obtain otherwise. Considering its moderate technical and space requirements of performing, TD-NMR is a good candidate for assisting product and process development in several applications throughout the rubber, plastics, composites and adhesives industry.
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11
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Guzman-Juarez B, Abdelaal A, Kim K, Toader V, Reven L. Fabrication of Amphiphilic Nanoparticles via Mixed Homopolymer Brushes and NMR Characterization of Surface Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Guzman-Juarez
- Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kuenhee Kim
- Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Violeta Toader
- Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Linda Reven
- Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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12
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Microphase structure of polyurethane-polyurea copolymers as revealed by solid-state NMR: Effect of molecular architecture. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Schneider H, Saalwächter K, Roos M. Complex Morphology of the Intermediate Phase in Block Copolymers and Semicrystalline Polymers As Revealed by 1H NMR Spin Diffusion Experiments. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Horst Schneider
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4208, United States
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14
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Dempah KE, Lubach JW, Munson EJ. Characterization of the Particle Size and Polydispersity of Dicumarol Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:856-865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kassibla Elodie Dempah
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky 40509, United States
| | - Joseph W. Lubach
- Department
of Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eric J. Munson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky 40509, United States
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15
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16
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Schlagnitweit J, Tang M, Baias M, Richardson S, Schantz S, Emsley L. A solid-state NMR method to determine domain sizes in multi-component polymer formulations. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 261:43-48. [PMID: 26529201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer domain sizes are related to many of the physical properties of polymers. Here we present a solid-state NMR experiment that is capable of measuring domain sizes in multi-component mixtures. The method combines selective excitation of carbon magnetization to isolate a specific component with proton spin diffusion to report on domain size. We demonstrate the method in the context of controlled release formulations, which represents one of today's challenges in pharmaceutical science. We show that we can measure domain sizes of interest in the different components of industrial pharmaceutical formulations at natural isotopic abundance containing various (modified) cellulose derivatives, such as microcrystalline cellulose matrixes that are film-coated with a mixture of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schlagnitweit
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Science Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Science Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Baias
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Science Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon1), Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Lyndon Emsley
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Science Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon1), Villeurbanne, France; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Schäler K, Roos M, Micke P, Golitsyn Y, Seidlitz A, Thurn-Albrecht T, Schneider H, Hempel G, Saalwächter K. Basic principles of static proton low-resolution spin diffusion NMR in nanophase-separated materials with mobility contrast. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:50-63. [PMID: 26404771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We review basic principles of low-resolution proton NMR spin diffusion experiments, relying on mobility differences in nm-sized phases of inhomogeneous organic materials such as block-co- or semicrystalline polymers. They are of use for estimates of domain sizes and insights into nanometric dynamic inhomogeneities. Experimental procedures and limitations of mobility-based signal decomposition/filtering prior to spin diffusion are addressed on the example of as yet unpublished data on semicrystalline poly(ϵ-caprolactone), PCL. Specifically, we discuss technical aspects of the quantitative, dead-time free detection of rigid-domain signals by aid of the magic-sandwich echo (MSE), and magic-and-polarization-echo (MAPE) and double-quantum (DQ) magnetization filters to select rigid and mobile components, respectively. Such filters are of general use in reliable fitting approaches for phase composition determinations. Spin diffusion studies at low field using benchtop instruments are challenged by rather short (1)H T1 relaxation times, which calls for simulation-based analyses. Applying these, in combination with domain sizes as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, we have determined spin diffusion coefficients D for PCL (0.34, 0.19 and 0.032nm(2)/ms for crystalline, interphase and amorphous parts, respectively). We further address thermal-history effects related to secondary crystallization. Finally, the state of knowledge concerning the connection between D values determined locally at the atomic level, using (13)C detection and CP- or REDOR-based "(1)H hole burning" procedures, and those obtained by calibration experiments, is summarized. Specifically, the non-trivial dependence of D on the magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequency, with a minimum under static and a local maximum under moderate-MAS conditions, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schäler
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Micke
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Horst Schneider
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Günter Hempel
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany.
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18
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Roos M, Micke P, Saalwächter K, Hempel G. Moderate MAS enhances local (1)H spin exchange and spin diffusion. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 260:28-37. [PMID: 26397218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton NMR spin-diffusion experiments are often combined with magic-angle spinning (MAS) to achieve higher spectral resolution of solid samples. Here we show that local proton spin diffusion can indeed become faster at low (<10 kHz) spinning rates as compared to static conditions. Spin diffusion under static conditions can thus be slower than the often referred value of 0.8 nm(2)/ms, which was determined using slow MAS (Clauss et al., 1993). The enhancement of spin diffusion by slow MAS relies on the modulation of the orientation-dependent dipolar couplings during sample rotation and goes along with transient level crossings in combination with dipolar truncation. The experimental finding and its explanation is supported by density matrix simulations, and also emphasizes the sensitivity of spin diffusion to the local coupling topology. The amplification of spin diffusion by slow MAS cannot be explained by any model based on independent spin pairs; at least three spins have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Peter Micke
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Günter Hempel
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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19
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Mokeev MV, Zuev VV. Rigid phase domain sizes determination for poly(urethane–urea)s by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Correlation with mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Wang F, Zhang R, Wu Q, Chen T, Sun P, Shi AC. Probing the nanostructure, interfacial interaction, and dynamics of chitosan-based nanoparticles by multiscale solid-state NMR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21397-21407. [PMID: 25372426 DOI: 10.1021/am5064052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in drug and gene delivery, therapy, and medical imaging, but a molecular-level understanding of the internal morphology and nanostructure size, interface, and dynamics, which is critical for building fundamental knowledge for the precise design and efficient biological application of the NPs, remains a great challenge. Therefore, the availability of a multiscale (0.1-100 nm) and nondestructive analytical technique for examining such NPs is of great importance for nanotechnology. Herein, we present a new multiscale solid-state NMR approach to achieve this goal for the investigation of chitosan-poly(N-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) NPs. First, a recently developed (13)C multiple cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (MAS) method enabled fast quantitative determination of the NPs' composition and detection of conformational changes in chitosan. Then, using an improved (1)H spin-diffusion method with (13)C detection and theoretical simulations, the internal morphology and nanostructure size were quantitatively determined. The interfacial coordinated interaction between chitosan and phenylboronic acid was revealed by one-dimensional MAS and two-dimensional (2D) triple-quantum MAS (11)B NMR. Finally, dynamic-editing (13)C MAS and 2D (13)C-(1)H wide-line separation experiments provided details regarding the componential dynamics of the NPs in the solid and swollen states. On the basis of these NMR results, a model of the unique nanostructure, interfacial interaction, and componential dynamics of the NPs was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
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21
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Sun N, Wenzel M, Adams A. Morphology of high-density polyethylene pipes stored under hydrostatic pressure at elevated temperature. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Roos M, Schäler K, Seidlitz A, Thurn-Albrecht T, Saalwächter K. NMR study of interphase structure in layered polymer morphologies with mobility contrast: disorder and confinement effects vs. dynamic heterogeneities. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Lorthioir C, Khalil M, Wintgens V, Amiel C. Segmental motions of poly(ethylene glycol) chains adsorbed on Laponite platelets in clay-based hydrogels: a NMR investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7859-7871. [PMID: 22512344 DOI: 10.1021/la3010757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The segmental dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains adsorbed on the clay platelets within nanocomposite PEG/Laponite hydrogels was investigated over the tens of microseconds time scale, using combined solution and solid-state NMR approaches. In a first step, the time evolution of the molecular mobility displayed by the PEG chains following the addition to a Laponite aqueous dispersion was monitored during the aggregation of the clay disks and the hydrogel formation, by means of (1)H solution-state NMR. Part of the PEG repeat units were found to get strongly constrained during the gelation process. Comparisons between this time evolution of the PEG local dynamics in the PEG/Laponite/water systems and the increase of the macroscopic storage shear modulus, mainly governed by the assembling of the Laponite disks, indicate that the slowing down of the segmental motions arises from adsorbed PEG repeat units or chain portions strongly constrained between aggregated clay layers. In a second step, after completion of the gelation process, the molecular motions of the adsorbed PEG chains were probed by (1)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. (1)H double-quantum experiments indicate that the adsorbed PEG repeat units, though reported to be frozen over a few tens of nanoseconds, still display significant reorientational motions over the tens of microseconds time scale. Using a comparison with a model system of amorphized PEG chains, the characteristic frequency of these segmental motions was found to range between 78.0 kHz and 100.7 MHz at 300 K. Interestingly, at this temperature, the level of reorientational motions detected for these adsorbed PEG chain portions was found to be as restricted as the one of bulk amorphous PEG chains, cooled at a slightly lower temperature (about 290 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lorthioir
- Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est ( UMR 7182 CNRS/Université Paris-Est Créteil ), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
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24
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Montina T, Hazendonk P, Wormald P, Iuga D. The refocused discrimination induced by variable amplitude minipulses (DIVAM) experiment — Improved domain selection in semicrystalline fluoropolymers by 19F solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discrimination induced by variable amplitude minipulses (DIVAM) filter can be tuned to select for signals from a particular domain, therefore it is possible to obtain signals specific to different domains using only one experiment. An early description of the DIVAM sequence, where the filter terminates with cross-polarization, explains this tune ability using a simple one-spin-relaxation model, thereby limiting the selection mechanism to incoherent processes. Recently, a more complete description of the selection behaviour was offered for the DIVAM filter, when it was directly applied to the observed nucleus (direct DIVAM), taking into account both the incoherent and coherent terms. Direct DIVAM experiments on poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) show significant phase distortions when large excitation angles were used. The signal from the amorphous domain is seen to nutate in a normal fashion with respect to the excitation angle, while those from the crystalline and defect units did not. The refocused DIVAM sequence is introduced to restore normal nutation for all signals. The selection behaviour is investigated using SIMPSON (simulation program for solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy) simulations. These illustrate that the isotropic shift terms have been effectively removed and the dipolar term attenuated, such that the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) leads to domain selection; however, in a different manner than seen in direct DIVAM. Therefore, this sequence provides a method to select on the basis of the CSA term in the presence of both strong dipolar couplings and a large range of isotropic shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Paul Hazendonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Philip Wormald
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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25
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Calucci L, Forte C, Buwalda SJ, Dijkstra PJ. Solid-State NMR Study of Stereocomplexes Formed by Enantiomeric Star-Shaped PEG–PLA Copolymers in Water. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calucci
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Forte
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sytze J. Buwalda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Piet J. Dijkstra
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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26
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Litvinov VM, Orza RA, Klüppel M, van Duin M, Magusin PCMM. Rubber–Filler Interactions and Network Structure in Relation to Stress–Strain Behavior of Vulcanized, Carbon Black Filled EPDM. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2007255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Litvinov
- DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R. A. Orza
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. Klüppel
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e.V., Eupener Strasse 33, D-30519 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. van Duin
- Lanxess Elastomers Global, R&D, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. M. M. Magusin
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Li W, Adams A, Wang J, Blümich B, Yang Y. Polyethylene/palygorskite nanocomposites: Preparation by in situ polymerization and their characterization. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Zhu X, Melian C, Dou Q, Peter K, Demco DE, Möller M, Anokhin DV, Le Meins JM, Ivanov DA. Morphology of Injection-Molded Isotactic Polypropylene/Silica Composites Prepared via in-Situ Sol−Gel Technology. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1007573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhu
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Melian
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qizheng Dou
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karin Peter
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. und Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Denis V. Anokhin
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M CNRS LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Le Meins
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M CNRS LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M CNRS LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
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29
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Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Review of Modern Techniques and Applications for Inorganic Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-010-9358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Garg P, Lohakare P, Mela P, Möller M, Blümich B, Adams A. Morphology of Novel PEAs Containing Two Consecutive Amide Bonds Randomly Distributed Along the Polyester Backbone. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Bonk FA, Caldarelli S, Phan T, Bertin D, Deazevedo ER, Mantovani GL, Bonagamba TJ, Plivelic TS, Torriani IL. Investigation by combined solid-state NMR and SAXS methods of the morphology and domain size in polystyrene-b-
polyethylene oxide-b-
polystyrene triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Baias M, Demco DE, Istrate D, Popescu C, Blümich B, Möller M. Morphology and molecular mobility of fibrous hard alpha-keratins by 1H, 13C, and 129Xe NMR. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:12136-47. [PMID: 19658418 DOI: 10.1021/jp904484r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and molecular mobility changes of the side chains for hard alpha-keratin due to oxidative and reductive/oxidative treatments for temperatures around the DSC denaturation peak were investigated by (1)H, (13)C, and (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy and (1)H spin diffusion. Proton wide-line spectra were used to obtain the phase composition (rigid, interface, and amorphous fractions) and molecular dynamics of each phase. Proton spin diffusion experiments using a double-quantum filter and initial rate approximation were employed to obtain the dependence of the rigid domain sizes on chemical treatments and denaturation temperatures. A drastic reduction in the rigid domain thickness takes place for the reductive/oxidative treatment. The keratin mobility gradient in the interfacial region at different denaturation temperatures was measured for hard alpha-keratin from (1)H spin diffusion data. (13)C CPMAS spectra were used to provide a detailed examination of the effects of the chemical treatments especially on the disulfide bonds. Thermally polarized (129)Xe spectra suggest the existence of voids in the hard alpha-keratin induced by the reductive and oxidative treatment. The surface of the hard alpha-keratin fiber surface is probed by the laser hyperpolarized (129)Xe. A qualitative model describing the changes induced in hard alpha-keratin protein by chemical transformation was developed and could be correlated with the changes in domain thickness, phase composition, and molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baias
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Baias M, Demco DE, Popescu C, Fechete R, Melian C, Blümich B, Möller M. Thermal Denaturation of Hydrated Wool Keratin by 1H Solid-State NMR. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2184-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8094616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baias
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Crisan Popescu
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Radu Fechete
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Claudiu Melian
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI an der RWTH-Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, Institut für Technische and Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Physics, Technical University Cluj-Napoca, RO-400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and University “Aurel Vlaicu” Arad, Bd. Revolutiei 77, RO-310130 Arad, Romania
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Saalwächter K, Thomann Y, Hasenhindl A, Schneider H. Direct Observation of Interphase Composition in Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Saalwächter
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Yi Thomann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Hasenhindl
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Schneider
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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35
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Mauri M, Thomann Y, Schneider H, Saalwächter K. Spin-diffusion NMR at low field for the study of multiphase solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2008; 34:125-141. [PMID: 18692367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of spin-diffusion NMR for the measurement of domain sizes in multiphase materials is becoming increasingly popular, in particular for the study of heterogeneous polymers. Under conditions where T(1) relaxation can be neglected, which is mostly the case at high field, analytical and approximate solutions to the evolution of spin diffusion are available. In order to extend the technique to more general conditions, we performed a comprehensive study of the diffusion of magnetization in a model copolymer at low field, where T(1) tends to be of the same order of magnitude as the typical spin-diffusion time. In order to study the effects of T(1) and to delineate the optimal T(1) values for back correction prior to applying the initial-rate approximation, we developed a numerical simulation based on the diffusion equation and including longitudinal relaxation. We present and discuss the limits of simple correction strategies for initial-slope analysis based on apparent relaxation times from saturation-recovery experiments or the spin-diffusion experiments themselves. Our best strategy faithfully reproduces domain sizes obtained by both TEM investigations and full simultaneous fitting of spin-diffusion and saturation-recovery curves. Full fitting of such independent data sets not only yields correct domain sizes, but also the true longitudinal relaxation times, as well as spin-diffusion coefficients. Effects of interphases with distinct mobility on spin-diffusion curves, as well as practical hints concerning the reliable component decomposition of the detected low-resolution FID signal by help of different magnetization filters are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mauri
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Friedemann-Bach-Platz 6, D-06108 Halle, Germany
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36
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Hazendonk P, Wormald P, Montina T. The Direct DIVAM Experiment: A Spin Dynamics Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6262-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hazendonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Philip Wormald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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37
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Gandhi S, Melian C, Demco DE, Brar AS, Blümich B. Morphology and Motional Heterogeneity in PS/PMMA Diblock Copolymers Studied by 1
H and 13
C Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Interaction and morphology of polyethylenimine/DNA complexes as studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Hedesiu C, Demco DE, Remerie K, Blümich B, Litvinov VM. Study of Uniaxially Stretched Isotactic Poly(propylene) by 1
H Solid-State NMR and IR Spectroscopy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Orza RA, Magusin PCMM, Litvinov VM, van Duin M, Michels MAJ. Solid-State 1H NMR Study on Chemical Cross-Links, Chain Entanglements, and Network Heterogeneity in Peroxide-Cured EPDM Rubbers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071015l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona A. Orza
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. M. M. Magusin
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Victor M. Litvinov
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Duin
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. J. Michels
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Demco DE, Litvinov VM, Rata G, Popescu C, Phan KH, Schmidt A, Blümich B. Investigation of Thermal Aging of Polyamide 4,6 by1H Solid-State NMR. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hedesiu C, Demco DE, Kleppinger R, Poel GV, Gijsbers W, Blümich B, Remerie K, Litvinov VM. Effect of Temperature and Annealing on the Phase Composition, Molecular Mobility, and the Thickness of Domains in Isotactic Polypropylene Studied by Proton Solid-State NMR, SAXS, and DSC. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hedesiu
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - D. E. Demco
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Kleppinger
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Vanden Poel
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - W. Gijsbers
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Blümich
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Remerie
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - V. M. Litvinov
- SABIC Europe BV, P.O. Box 319 6160 AH, Geleen, The Netherlands, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany, and DSM Research, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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43
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The effect of temperature and annealing on the phase composition, molecular mobility and the thickness of domains in high-density polyethylene. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Litvinov VM. EPDM/PP Thermoplastic Vulcanizates As Studied by Proton NMR Relaxation: Phase Composition, Molecular Mobility, Network Structure in the Rubbery Phase, and Network Heterogeneity. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061911h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Litvinov
- DSM Research, Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Bertmer M, Demco DE, Wang M, Melian C, Marcean-Chelcea RI, Fechete R, Baias M, Blümich B. Segmental dynamic heterogeneity of short-chain grafted-poly(dimethylsiloxane) by 1H spin-diffusion NMR. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Voda MA, Demco DE, Voda A, Schauber T, Adler M, Dabisch T, Adams A, Baias M, Blümich B. Morphology of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes by 1H Spin-Diffusion NMR. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060335m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai A. Voda
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Dan E. Demco
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Alexandra Voda
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Thomas Schauber
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Matthias Adler
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Thomas Dabisch
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Alina Adams
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Maria Baias
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, D-69465 Weinheim, Germany; and Merkel Freudenberg Fluidtechnic GmbH, D-34613, Germany
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47
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Multiple-quantum NMR on structure, orientation, morphology and dynamics of polymers, biomolecules and ordered tissues. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hucher C, Eustache RP, Beaume F, Tekely P. Motional Heterogeneity in Poly(ether-block-amide) Copolymers As Revealed by Solid-State NMR. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051625q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hucher
- ARKEMA, Centre d'Etude de Recherche et Développement, 27470 Serquigny, France, and Methodologie RMN UMR CNRS 7565, Université H. Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - René-Paul Eustache
- ARKEMA, Centre d'Etude de Recherche et Développement, 27470 Serquigny, France, and Methodologie RMN UMR CNRS 7565, Université H. Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - François Beaume
- ARKEMA, Centre d'Etude de Recherche et Développement, 27470 Serquigny, France, and Methodologie RMN UMR CNRS 7565, Université H. Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Piotr Tekely
- ARKEMA, Centre d'Etude de Recherche et Développement, 27470 Serquigny, France, and Methodologie RMN UMR CNRS 7565, Université H. Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Cherry BR, Fujimoto CH, Cornelius CJ, Alam TM. Investigation of Domain Size in Polymer Membranes Using Double-Quantum-Filtered Spin Diffusion Magic Angle Spinning NMR. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047885+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lili Z, Chen Q, Hansen EW. Morphology and Phase Characteristics of High-Density Polyethylene Probed by NMR Spin Diffusion and Second Moment Analysis. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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