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Neural Correlates of Oral Stereognosis—An fMRI Study. Dysphagia 2022; 38:923-932. [PMID: 36087119 PMCID: PMC10182931 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOral stereognosis is the ability to recognize, discriminate and localize a bolus in the oral cavity. Clinical observation indicates deficits in oral stereognosis in patients with vascular or neurodegenerative diseases particularly affecting the parietal lobes. However, the precise neural representation of oral stereognosis remains unclear whereas the neural network of manual stereognosis has already been identified. We hypothesize that oral and manual stereognosis share common neuronal substrates whilst also showing somatotopic distribution. Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI; Siemens Prisma 3 T) from 20 healthy right-handed participants (11 female; mean age 25.7 years) using a cross-modal task of oral and manual spatial object manipulation were acquired. Data were analyzed using FSL software using a block design and standard analytical and statistical procedures. A conjunction analysis targeted the common neuronal substrate for stereognosis. Activations associated with manual and oral stereognosis were found in partially overlapping fronto-parietal networks in a somatotopic fashion, where oral stereognosis is located caudally from manual stereognosis. A significant overlap was seen in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus. Additionally, cerebellar activations were shown particularly for the oral condition. Spatial arrangement of shaped boli in the oral cavity is associated with neuronal activity in fronto-parietal networks and the cerebellum. These findings have significant implications for clinical diagnostics and management of patients with lesions or atrophy in parietal lobule (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, stroke). More studies are required to investigate the clinical effect of damage to these areas, such as loss of oral stereognosis or an impaired oral phase.
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Kobayashi R, Sakurai N, Nagasaka K, Kasai S, Kodama N. Relationship between Tactile Sensation, Motor Activity, and Differential Brain Activity in Young Individuals. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070924. [PMID: 35884731 PMCID: PMC9321563 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the differences in brain activation associated with the different types of objects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-six participants in their 20s underwent fMRI while grasping four different types of objects. After the experiment, all of the participants completed a questionnaire based on the Likert Scale, which asked them about the sensations they experienced while grasping each object (comfort, hardness, pain, ease in grasping). We investigated the relationship between brain activity and the results of the survey; characteristic brain activity for each object was correlated with the results of the questionnaire, indicating that each object produced a different sensation response in the participants. Additionally, we observed brain activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus), the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), and the cerebellum exterior during the gripping task. Our study shows that gripping different objects produces activity in specific and distinct brain regions and suggests an “action appraisal” mechanism, which is considered to be the act of integrating multiple different sensory information and connecting it to actual action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to observe brain activity in response to tactile stimuli and motor activity simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- CLAIRVO TECHNOLOGIES, Inc., 1-4-2 Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8088, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Sakurai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (N.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Kazuaki Nagasaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Kasai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (N.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Naoki Kodama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (N.S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (N.K.)
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3
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Ono M, Hirose N, Mori S. Tactile information affects alternating visual percepts during binocular rivalry using naturalistic objects. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:40. [PMID: 35543826 PMCID: PMC9095789 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past studies have provided evidence that the effects of tactile stimulation on binocular rivalry are mediated by primitive features (orientation and spatial frequency) common in vision and touch. In this study, we examined whether such effects on binocular rivalry can be obtained through the roughness of naturalistic objects. In three experiments, the total dominant time of visual percepts of two objects was measured under binocular rivalry when participants touched one of the objects. RESULT In Experiment 1, the total dominant time for the image of artificial turf and bathmat was prolonged by congruent tactile stimulation and shortened by incongruent tactile stimulation. In Experiment 2, we used the same stimuli but rotated their visual images in opposite directions. The dominant time for either image was prolonged by congruent tactile stimulation. In Experiment 3, we used different types of stimuli, smooth marble and rough fabric, and noted significant effects of the congruent and incongruent tactile stimulation on the dominant time of visual percepts. CONCLUSION These three experiments demonstrated that visuo-tactile interaction on binocular rivalry can be mediated by roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikoto Ono
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Informatics, Graduate school of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirose
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Informatics, Graduate school of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Informatics, Graduate school of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Tang W, Shu Y, Bai S, Peng Y, Yang L, Liu R. Brain activation related to the tactile perception of touching ridged texture using fingers. Skin Res Technol 2021; 28:254-264. [PMID: 34751480 PMCID: PMC9907631 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans can recognize the physical properties of objects by touching them, even when vision is unavailable. Tactile perception is important for humans in interacting with the environment. The triangular ridged textures are usually added to surface to improve the grip reliability of products, but the sharp edge of triangular ridge induces sharp and uncomfortable feeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study the effect of the edge shape of triangular ridged texture on brain activity, functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to obtain the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal of subjects during the touching of textured surfaces. Samples with sharp, round, and flat shape ridged textures were chosen as the tactile stimulus. RESULTS The contralateral postcentral gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, and the supramarginal gyrus, corresponding with the functional regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), and the primary motor cortex (MI) were related to the perception of three shape ridged textures. The main brain activation located in the postcentral gyrus and the SI. The tactile information of three shape ridged textures was received by Brodmann area (BA) 3 of the SI, and then inputted to BA 2 of the SI, the further tactile discrimination of shape of ridged textures was involved in BA40 of the SII. The intensity, the areas, and the percent signal change (PSC) of brain activation that were evoked by different shape ridged textures were related to the geometric structures of the ridged textures. The more complex the geometric structures of texture are, the larger the intensity, the area, and the PSC in brain activation are. The negative BOLD responses of the ipsilateral sensory cortex that were evoked by the flat ridged texture indicated the ipsilateral neuronal inhibition within the sensory systems. The bilateral precuneus, the superior parietal gyrus, and the inferior parietal gyrus, corresponding with the functional areas of the SII (BA40) and the SSA(BA7), were involved in the tactile discriminate of the differences in shapes of ridged textures. The differences in brain activation were related to the differences in geometric structures of the ridged texture. The larger the differences in geometric structure of texture are, the larger the differences in brain activation are. This study revealed the activated location of brain related to the tactile stimulation of different edge shape of ridged textures and the relationship between the geometric structures of ridged texture and brain activities. This research contributes to optimize surface tactile characteristics on products, especially effective surface textures design for good grip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Shu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Bai
- Radiology Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Peng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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5
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Kim JH, Kim J, Yeon J, Park JY, Chung D, Kim SP. Neural correlates of tactile hardness intensity perception during active grasping. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11760. [PMID: 34414027 PMCID: PMC8340901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While tactile sensation plays an essential role in interactions with the surroundings, relatively little is known about the neural processes involved in the perception of tactile information. In particular, it remains unclear how different intensities of tactile hardness are represented in the human brain during object manipulation. This study aims to investigate neural responses to various levels of tactile hardness using functional magnetic resonance imaging while people grasp objects to perceive hardness intensity. We used four items with different hardness levels but otherwise identical in shape and texture. A total of Twenty-five healthy volunteers participated in this study. Before scanning, participants performed a behavioral task in which they received a pair of stimuli and they were to report the perceived difference of hardness between them. During scanning, without any visual information, they were randomly given one of the four objects and asked to grasp it. We found significant blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the posterior insula in the right hemisphere (rpIns) and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum (rpCerebellum), which parametrically tracked hardness intensity. These responses were supported by BOLD signal changes in the rpCerebellum and rpIns correlating with tactile hardness intensity. Multidimensional scaling analysis showed similar representations of hardness intensity among physical, perceptual, and neural information. Our findings demonstrate the engagement of the rpCerebellum and rpIns in perceiving tactile hardness intensity during active object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Department of Industrial ICT Engineering, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeon
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tang W, Zhang M, Chen G, Liu R, Peng Y, Chen S, Shi Y, Hu C, Bai S. Investigation of Tactile Perception Evoked by Ridged Texture Using ERP and Non-linear Methods. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:676837. [PMID: 34248483 PMCID: PMC8264067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.676837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triangular ridged surface can improve the grip reliability of products, but the sharp edge of triangular ridge induces sharp and uncomfortable feeling. To study the effect of edge shape (sharp, round, and flat shape) of triangular ridges on brain activity during touching, electroencephalograph (EEG) signals during tactile perception were evaluated using event-related potentials (ERP) and non-linear analysis methods. The results showed that the early component of P100 and P200, and the late component of P300 were successfully induced during perceiving the ridged texture. The edge shape features affect the electrical activity of brain during the tactile perceptions. The sharp shape feature evoked fast P100 latency and high P100 amplitude. The flat texture with complex (sharp and flat) shape feature evoked fast P200 latency, high P200 amplitude and RQA parameters. Both of the sharp shape and complex shape feature tended to evoke high peak amplitude of P300. The large-scale structures of recurrence plots (RPs) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) parameters can visually and quantitatively characterize the evolution regulation of the dynamic behavior of EEG system along with the tactile process. This study proved that RPs and RQA were protential methods for the feature extraction and state recognition of EEG during tactile perception of textured surface. This research contributes to optimize surface tactile characteristics on products, especially effective surface textures design for good grip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Rui Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Peng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Fluid Machinery Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Chunai Hu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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7
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Perini F, Powell T, Watt SJ, Downing PE. Neural representations of haptic object size in the human brain revealed by multivoxel fMRI patterns. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:218-231. [PMID: 32519597 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00160.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain must interpret sensory input from diverse receptor systems to estimate object properties. Much has been learned about the brain mechanisms behind these processes in vision, but our understanding of haptic perception remains less clear. Here we examined haptic judgments of object size, which require integrating multiple cutaneous and proprioceptive afferent signals, as a model problem. To identify candidate human brain regions that support this process, participants (n = 16) in an event-related functional MRI experiment grasped objects to categorize them as one of four sizes. Object sizes were calibrated psychophysically to be equally distinct for each participant. We applied representational similarity logic to whole brain, multivoxel searchlight analyses to identify brain regions that exhibit size-relevant voxelwise activity patterns. Of particular interest was to identify regions for which more similar sizes produce more similar patterns of activity, which constitutes evidence of a metric size code. Regions of the intraparietal sulcus and the lateral prefrontal cortex met this criterion, both within hands and across hands. We suggest that these regions compute representations of haptic size that abstract over the specific peripheral afferent signals generated in a grasp. Results of a matched visual size task, performed by the same participants and analyzed in the same fashion, identified similar regions, indicating that these representations may be partly modality general. We consider these results with respect to perspectives on magnitude estimation in general and to computational views on perceptual signal integration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our understanding of the neural basis of haptics (perceiving the world through touch) remains incomplete. We used functional MRI to study human haptic judgments of object size, which require integrating multiple afferent signals. Multivoxel pattern analyses identified intraparietal and prefrontal regions that encode size haptically in a metric and hand-invariant fashion. Effector-independent haptic size estimates are useful on their own and in combination with other sensory estimates for a variety of perceptual and motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perini
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Powell
- Netherlands Applied Science Organisation (TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Watt
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Downing
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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8
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Perception of surface stickiness in different sensory modalities: an functional MRI study. Neuroreport 2020; 31:411-415. [PMID: 32091480 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Surface texture can be perceived not only from tactile, but also from auditory and visual sensory cues. In our previous psychophysical study, we demonstrated that humans can recognize surface stickiness using only one kind of sensory modality without any difficulty. However, the brain regions that would be activated by non-corresponding sensory cues, for example, auditory and visual cues, remain unknown. In this human functional MRI study, we explored brain regions associated with surface stickiness perception in each of three different sensory modalities, and sought for common neural activities across modalities. In the tactile condition, participants actually touched a sticky surface with their right index finger. In the auditory and visual conditions, audio and video clips of tactile explorations of a sticky surface were presented and participants were asked to recall the perceived stickiness as vividly as possible. Our results, based on a general linear model analysis, showed that somatosensory cortices including postcentral gyrus, anterior insula, and anterior intraparietal sulcus were significantly activated across all modalities. Moreover, we observed significant activation of primary sensory regions of each modality. A follow-up conjunction analysis identified that postcentral gyrus, anterior intraparietal sulcus, precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area were activated in common. These findings could deepen our understanding of the surface stickiness perception in the human brain.
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Kim Y, Usui N, Miyazaki A, Haji T, Matsumoto K, Taira M, Nakamura K, Katsuyama N. Cortical Regions Encoding Hardness Perception Modulated by Visual Information Identified by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 31632245 PMCID: PMC6779815 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that hardness perception is determined by visual information along with the haptic input. This study investigated the cortical regions involved in hardness perception modulated by visual information using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA). Twenty-two healthy participants were enrolled. They were required to place their left and right hands at the front and back, respectively, of a mirror attached to a platform placed above them while lying in a magnetic resonance scanner. In conditions SFT, MED, and HRD, one of three polyurethane foam pads of varying hardness (soft, medium, and hard, respectively) was presented to the left hand in a given trial, while only the medium pad was presented to the right hand in all trials. MED was defined as the control condition, because the visual and haptic information was congruent. During the scan, the participants were required to push the pad with the both hands while observing the reflection of the left hand and estimate the hardness of the pad perceived by the right (hidden) hand based on magnitude estimation. Behavioral results showed that the perceived hardness was significantly biased toward softer or harder in >73% of the trials in conditions SFT and HRD; we designated these trials as visually modulated (SFTvm and HRDvm, respectively). The accuracy map was calculated individually for each of the pair-wise comparisons of (SFTvm vs. MED), (HRDvm vs. MED), and (SFTvm vs. HRDvm) by a searchlight MVPA, and the cortical regions encoding the perceived hardness with visual modulation were identified by conjunction of the three accuracy maps in group analysis. The cluster was observed in the right sensory motor cortex, left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), bilateral parietal operculum (PO), and occipito-temporal cortex (OTC). Together with previous findings on such cortical regions, we conclude that the visual information of finger movements processed in the OTC may be integrated with haptic input in the left aIPS, and the subjective hardness perceived by the right hand with visual modulation may be processed in the cortical network between the left PO and aIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Usui
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Haji
- Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masato Taira
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Narumi Katsuyama
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Mueller S, de Haas B, Metzger A, Drewing K, Fiehler K. Neural correlates of top-down modulation of haptic shape versus roughness perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5172-5184. [PMID: 31430005 PMCID: PMC6864886 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring an object's shape by touch also renders information about its surface roughness. It has been suggested that shape and roughness are processed distinctly in the brain, a result based on comparing brain activation when exploring objects that differed in one of these features. To investigate the neural mechanisms of top‐down control on haptic perception of shape and roughness, we presented the same multidimensional objects but varied the relevance of each feature. Specifically, participants explored two objects that varied in shape (oblongness of cuboids) and surface roughness. They either had to compare the shape or the roughness in an alternative‐forced‐choice‐task. Moreover, we examined whether the activation strength of the identified brain regions as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can predict the behavioral performance in the haptic discrimination task. We observed a widespread network of activation for shape and roughness perception comprising bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus, cerebellum, and insula. Task‐relevance of the object's shape increased activation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG/BA 40) and the right precentral gyrus (PreCG/BA 44) suggesting that activation in these areas does not merely reflect stimulus‐driven processes, such as exploring shape, but also entails top‐down controlled processes driven by task‐relevance. Moreover, the strength of the SMG/PreCG activation predicted individual performance in the shape but not in the roughness discrimination task. No activation was found for the reversed contrast (roughness > shape). We conclude that macrogeometric properties, such as shape, can be modulated by top‐down mechanisms whereas roughness, a microgeometric feature, seems to be processed automatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mueller
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Psychology Information (ZPID), Trier, Germany
| | - Benjamin de Haas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Metzger
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Knut Drewing
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Fiehler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg University and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Kitada R, Doizaki R, Kwon J, Tanigawa T, Nakagawa E, Kochiyama T, Kajimoto H, Sakamoto M, Sadato N. Brain networks underlying tactile softness perception: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 2019; 197:156-166. [PMID: 31029866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are adept at perceiving physical properties of an object through touch. Tangible object properties can be categorized into two types: macro-spatial properties, including shape and orientation; and material properties, such as roughness, softness, and temperature. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that roughness and temperature are extracted at nodes of a network, such as that involving the parietal operculum and insula, which is different from the network engaged in processing macro-spatial properties. However, it is unclear whether other perceptual dimensions pertaining to material properties engage the same regions. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to test whether the parietal operculum and insula were involved in extracting tactually-perceived softness magnitude. Fifty-six healthy right-handed participants estimated perceived softness magnitude using their right middle finger. We presented three stimuli that had the same shape but different compliances. The force applied to the finger was manipulated at two levels. Classical mass-univariate analysis showed that activity in the parietal operculum, insula, and medial prefrontal cortex was positively associated with perceived softness magnitude, regardless of the applied force. Softness-related activity was stronger in the ventral striatum in the high-force condition than in the low-force condition. The multivariate voxel pattern analysis showed higher accuracy than chance levels and control regions in the parietal operculum/insula, postcentral gyrus, posterior parietal lobule, and middle occipital gyrus. These results indicate that a distributed set of the brain regions, including the parietal operculum and insula, is involved in representing perceived softness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kitada
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, 639818, Singapore.
| | - Ryuichi Doizaki
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Jinhwan Kwon
- Kyoto University of Education, Fukakusa-Fujimori-cho 1, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8522, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tanigawa
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Eri Nakagawa
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takanori Kochiyama
- ATR-Promotions, Brain Activity Imaging Center, 2-2-2 Hikaridai Seika-cho, Sorakugun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajimoto
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Maki Sakamoto
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
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12
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Brodoehl S, Wagner F, Prell T, Klingner C, Witte OW, Günther A. Cause or effect: Altered brain and network activity in cervical dystonia is partially normalized by botulinum toxin treatment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101792. [PMID: 30928809 PMCID: PMC6444302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) is a chronic movement disorder characterized by impressive clinical symptoms and the lack of clear pathological findings in clinical diagnostics and imaging. At present, the injection of botulinum toxin (BNT) in dystonic muscles is an effective therapy to control motor symptoms and pain in CD. Objectives We hypothesized that, although it is locally injected to dystonic muscles, BNT application leads to changes in brain and network activity towards normal brain function. Methods Using 3 T functional MR imaging along with advanced analysis techniques (functional connectivity, Granger causality, and regional homogeneity), we aimed to characterize brain activity in CD (17 CD patients vs. 17 controls) and to uncover the effects of BNT treatment (at 6 months). Results In CD, we observed an increased information flow within the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the sensorimotor cortex. In parallel, some of these structures became less responsive to regulating inputs. Furthermore, our results suggested an altered somatosensory integration. Following BNT administration, we noted a shift towards normal brain function in the CD patients, especially within the motor cortex, the somatosensory cortex, and the basal ganglia. Conclusion The changes in brain function and network activity in CD can be interpreted as related to the underlying cause, the effort to compensate or a mixture of both. Although BNT is applied in the last stage of the cortico-neuromuscular pathway, brain patterns are shifted towards those of healthy controls. we characterized brain activity in CD and the effects of BNT using 3T fMR imaging and network analysis techniques following treatment with botulinum toxin (BNT), abnormal brain activity patterns in primary dystonia are attenuated critical key regions for both the pathophysiology and BNT-induced improvement in cervical dystonia are the BG
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
| | - Franziska Wagner
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - O W Witte
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Albrecht Günther
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany
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13
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Shared neural representations of tactile roughness intensities by somatosensation and touch observation using an associative learning method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:77. [PMID: 30635598 PMCID: PMC6329784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous human fMRI studies have reported activation of somatosensory areas not only during actual touch, but also during touch observation. However, it has remained unclear how the brain encodes visually evoked tactile intensities. Using an associative learning method, we investigated neural representations of roughness intensities evoked by (a) tactile explorations and (b) visual observation of tactile explorations. Moreover, we explored (c) modality-independent neural representations of roughness intensities using a cross-modal classification method. Case (a) showed significant decoding performance in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), while in the case (b), the bilateral posterior parietal cortices, the inferior occipital gyrus, and the primary motor cortex were identified. Case (c) observed shared neural activity patterns in the bilateral insula, the SMG, and the ACC. Interestingly, the insular cortices were identified only from the cross-modal classification, suggesting their potential role in modality-independent tactile processing. We further examined correlations of confusion patterns between behavioral and neural similarity matrices for each region. Significant correlations were found solely in the SMG, reflecting a close relationship between neural activities of SMG and roughness intensity perception. The present findings may deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying intensity perception of tactile roughness.
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14
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Abstract
The neural substrates of tactile roughness perception have been investigated by many neuroimaging studies, while relatively little effort has been devoted to the investigation of neural representations of visually perceived roughness. In this human fMRI study, we looked for neural activity patterns that could be attributed to five different roughness intensity levels when the stimuli were perceived visually, i.e., in absence of any tactile sensation. During functional image acquisition, participants viewed video clips displaying a right index fingertip actively exploring the sandpapers that had been used for the behavioural experiment. A whole brain multivariate pattern analysis found four brain regions in which visual roughness intensities could be decoded: the bilateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC), the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) extending to the primary motor cortex (M1) in the right hemisphere, and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). In a follow-up analysis, we tested for correlations between the decoding accuracies and the tactile roughness discriminability obtained from a preceding behavioural experiment. We could not find any correlation between both although, during scanning, participants were asked to recall the tactilely perceived roughness of the sandpapers. We presume that a better paradigm is needed to reveal any potential visuo-tactile convergence. However, the present study identified brain regions that may subserve the discrimination of different intensities of visual roughness. This finding may contribute to elucidate the neural mechanisms related to the visual roughness perception in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuk Kim
- a Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Tübingen , Germany.,b Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biomedical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Isabelle Bülthoff
- a Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Heinrich H Bülthoff
- a Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Tübingen , Germany
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15
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Rajaei N, Aoki N, Takahashi HK, Miyaoka T, Kochiyama T, Ohka M, Sadato N, Kitada R. Brain networks underlying conscious tactile perception of textures as revealed using the velvet hand illusion. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4787-4801. [PMID: 30096223 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are adept at perceiving textures through touch. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified a distributed network of brain regions involved in the tactile perception of texture. However, it remains unclear how nodes in this network contribute to the tactile awareness of texture. To examine the hypothesis that such awareness involves the interaction of the primary somatosensory cortex with higher order cortices, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study utilizing the velvet hand illusion, in which an illusory velvet-like surface is perceived between the hands. Healthy participants were subjected to a strong illusion, a weak illusion, and tactile perception of real velvet. The strong illusion induced greater activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) than the weak illusion, and increases in such activation were positively correlated with the strength of the illusion. Furthermore, both actual and illusory perception of velvet induced common activation in S1. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the strength of the illusion modulated the functional connectivity of S1 with each of the following regions: the parietal operculum, superior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, insula, and cerebellum. The present results indicate that S1 is associated with the conscious tactile perception of textures, which may be achieved via interactions with higher order somatosensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rajaei
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Aoki
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsu Miyaoka
- Shizuoka institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Ohka
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitada
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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16
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Qu F, Wang J, Zhong Y, Ye H. Postural Effects on the Mental Rotation of Body-Related Pictures: An fMRI Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 29875713 PMCID: PMC5975102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the embodied effects involved in the mental rotation of pictures of body parts (hands and feet). Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals were collected from 18 healthy volunteers who performed mental rotation tasks of rotated drawings of hands under different arm postures. Congruent drawings of hands (those congruent with left-hand posture) evoked stronger activation in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), left precentral gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule (SPL) than did incongruent drawings of hands. Congruent drawings of hands (those congruent with right-hand posture) evoked significant activation in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right SMA, bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) compared to that evoked by the incongruent drawings of hands. Similar methodology was implemented with drawings of feet. However, no significant differences in brain activation were observed between congruent and incongruent drawings of feet. This finding suggests that body posture influences body part-related mental rotation in an effector-specific manner. A direct comparison between the medially and laterally rotated drawings revealed activation in the right IPL, left precentral gyrus, bilateral IFG, and bilateral SFG. These results suggest that biomechanical constraints affect the cognitive process of mental rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbing Qu
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haosheng Ye
- Center for Mind and Brain Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Kim J, Yeon J, Ryu J, Park JY, Chung SC, Kim SP. Neural Activity Patterns in the Human Brain Reflect Tactile Stickiness Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:445. [PMID: 28936171 PMCID: PMC5595153 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous human fMRI study found brain activations correlated with tactile stickiness perception using the uni-variate general linear model (GLM) (Yeon et al., 2017). Here, we conducted an in-depth investigation on neural correlates of sticky sensations by employing a multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) on the same dataset. In particular, we statistically compared multi-variate neural activities in response to the three groups of sticky stimuli: A supra-threshold group including a set of sticky stimuli that evoked vivid sticky perception; an infra-threshold group including another set of sticky stimuli that barely evoked sticky perception; and a sham group including acrylic stimuli with no physically sticky property. Searchlight MVPAs were performed to search for local activity patterns carrying neural information of stickiness perception. Similar to the uni-variate GLM results, significant multi-variate neural activity patterns were identified in postcentral gyrus, subcortical (basal ganglia and thalamus), and insula areas (insula and adjacent areas). Moreover, MVPAs revealed that activity patterns in posterior parietal cortex discriminated the perceptual intensities of stickiness, which was not present in the uni-variate analysis. Next, we applied a principal component analysis (PCA) to the voxel response patterns within identified clusters so as to find low-dimensional neural representations of stickiness intensities. Follow-up clustering analyses clearly showed separate neural grouping configurations between the Supra- and Infra-threshold groups. Interestingly, this neural categorization was in line with the perceptual grouping pattern obtained from the psychophysical data. Our findings thus suggest that different stickiness intensities would elicit distinct neural activity patterns in the human brain and may provide a neural basis for the perception and categorization of tactile stickiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuk Kim
- Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen, Germany.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeon
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jaekyun Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk UniversityChungju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan, South Korea
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18
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Yang J, Kitada R, Kochiyama T, Yu Y, Makita K, Araki Y, Wu J, Sadato N. Brain networks involved in tactile speed classification of moving dot patterns: the effects of speed and dot periodicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40931. [PMID: 28145505 PMCID: PMC5286508 DOI: 10.1038/srep40931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are able to judge the speed of an object’s motion by touch. Research has suggested that tactile judgment of speed is influenced by physical properties of the moving object, though the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate brain networks that may be involved in tactile speed classification and how such networks may be affected by an object’s texture. Participants were asked to classify the speed of 2-D raised dot patterns passing under their right middle finger. Activity in the parietal operculum, insula, and inferior and superior frontal gyri was positively related to the motion speed of dot patterns. Activity in the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule was sensitive to dot periodicity. Psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that dot periodicity modulated functional connectivity between the parietal operculum (related to speed) and postcentral gyrus (related to dot periodicity). These results suggest that texture-sensitive activity in the primary somatosensory cortex and superior parietal lobule influences brain networks associated with tactually-extracted motion speed. Such effects may be related to the influence of surface texture on tactile speed judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryo Kitada
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, 637332, Singapore.,Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
| | | | - Yinghua Yu
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Makita
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuta Araki
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
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19
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Yeon J, Kim J, Ryu J, Park JY, Chung SC, Kim SP. Human Brain Activity Related to the Tactile Perception of Stickiness. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:8. [PMID: 28163677 PMCID: PMC5247468 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the perception of stickiness serves as one of the fundamental dimensions for tactile sensation, little has been elucidated about the stickiness sensation and its neural correlates. The present study investigated how the human brain responds to perceived tactile sticky stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To evoke tactile perception of stickiness with multiple intensities, we generated silicone stimuli with varying catalyst ratios. Also, an acrylic sham stimulus was prepared to present a condition with no sticky sensation. From the two psychophysics experiments-the methods of constant stimuli and the magnitude estimation-we could classify the silicone stimuli into two groups according to whether a sticky perception was evoked: the Supra-threshold group that evoked sticky perception and the Infra-threshold group that did not. In the Supra-threshold vs. Sham contrast analysis of the fMRI data using the general linear model (GLM), the contralateral primary somatosensory area (S1) and ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed significant activations in subjects, whereas no significant result was found in the Infra-threshold vs. Sham contrast. This result indicates that the perception of stickiness not only activates the somatosensory cortex, but also possibly induces higher cognitive processes. Also, the Supra- vs. Infra-threshold contrast analysis revealed significant activations in several subcortical regions, including the pallidum, putamen, caudate and thalamus, as well as in another region spanning the insula and temporal cortices. These brain regions, previously known to be related to tactile discrimination, may subserve the discrimination of different intensities of tactile stickiness. The present study unveils the human neural correlates of the tactile perception of stickiness and may contribute to broadening the understanding of neural mechanisms associated with tactile perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yeon
- Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyun Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Advanced Imaging Research Lab, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Advanced Imaging Research Lab, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University Chungju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan, South Korea
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20
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Liu J, Ando H. Metal Sounds Stiffer than Drums for Ears, but Not Always for Hands: Low-Level Auditory Features Affect Multisensory Stiffness Perception More than High-Level Categorical Information. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167023. [PMID: 27902718 PMCID: PMC5130246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most real-world events stimulate multiple sensory modalities simultaneously. Usually, the stiffness of an object is perceived haptically. However, auditory signals also contain stiffness-related information, and people can form impressions of stiffness from the different impact sounds of metal, wood, or glass. To understand whether there is any interaction between auditory and haptic stiffness perception, and if so, whether the inferred material category is the most relevant auditory information, we conducted experiments using a force-feedback device and the modal synthesis method to present haptic stimuli and impact sound in accordance with participants’ actions, and to modulate low-level acoustic parameters, i.e., frequency and damping, without changing the inferred material categories of sound sources. We found that metal sounds consistently induced an impression of stiffer surfaces than did drum sounds in the audio-only condition, but participants haptically perceived surfaces with modulated metal sounds as significantly softer than the same surfaces with modulated drum sounds, which directly opposes the impression induced by these sounds alone. This result indicates that, although the inferred material category is strongly associated with audio-only stiffness perception, low-level acoustic parameters, especially damping, are more tightly integrated with haptic signals than the material category is. Frequency played an important role in both audio-only and audio-haptic conditions. Our study provides evidence that auditory information influences stiffness perception differently in unisensory and multisensory tasks. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that sounds with higher frequency and/or shorter decay time tended to be judged as stiffer, and contact sounds of stiff objects had no effect on the haptic perception of soft surfaces. We argue that the intrinsic physical relationship between object stiffness and acoustic parameters may be applied as prior knowledge to achieve robust estimation of stiffness in multisensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Sathian K. Analysis of haptic information in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1795-1806. [PMID: 27440247 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00546.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptic sensing of objects acquires information about a number of properties. This review summarizes current understanding about how these properties are processed in the cerebral cortex of macaques and humans. Nonnoxious somatosensory inputs, after initial processing in primary somatosensory cortex, are partially segregated into different pathways. A ventrally directed pathway carries information about surface texture into parietal opercular cortex and thence to medial occipital cortex. A dorsally directed pathway transmits information regarding the location of features on objects to the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye fields. Shape processing occurs mainly in the intraparietal sulcus and lateral occipital complex, while orientation processing is distributed across primary somatosensory cortex, the parietal operculum, the anterior intraparietal sulcus, and a parieto-occipital region. For each of these properties, the respective areas outside primary somatosensory cortex also process corresponding visual information and are thus multisensory. Consistent with the distributed neural processing of haptic object properties, tactile spatial acuity depends on interaction between bottom-up tactile inputs and top-down attentional signals in a distributed neural network. Future work should clarify the roles of the various brain regions and how they interact at the network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sathian
- Departments of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine and Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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22
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Sanchez Panchuelo RM, Ackerley R, Glover PM, Bowtell RW, Wessberg J, Francis ST, McGlone F. Mapping quantal touch using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-unit intraneural microstimulation. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27154626 PMCID: PMC4898929 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we map the cortical and perceptual responses elicited by intraneural microstimulation (INMS) of single mechanoreceptive afferent units in the median nerve, in humans. Activations are compared to those produced by applying vibrotactile stimulation to the unit’s receptive field, and unit-type perceptual reports are analyzed. We show that INMS and vibrotactile stimulation engage overlapping areas within the topographically appropriate digit representation in the primary somatosensory cortex. Additional brain regions in bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula and posterior parietal cortex, as well as in contralateral prefrontal cortex are also shown to be activated in response to INMS. The combination of INMS and 7T fMRI opens up an unprecedented opportunity to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12812.001 The skin contains multiple types of sensory nerves that inform the brain about events occurring on the surface of the body. One way to study how this process works is to insert a very fine needle through the skin to stimulate a single sensory nerve with a small electrical current. This technique – known as intraneural microstimulation – can activate touch responses in the brain without an object actually contacting the skin. Another technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to measure brain activity. These studies have revealed that when objects come into contact with the skin of the fingers, they stimulate several sensory nerves at the same time, which results in brain activity in a region called the somatosensory cortex. Sanchez Panchuelo, Ackerley et al. combined fMRI and intraneural microstimulation to map brain activity in response to the activation of individual sensory nerves in the fingers of human volunteers. The experiments show that intraneural stimulation activates many areas of the brain that are also activated by mechanical contact. Future work will use this new method to study the brain's response to signals from different types of sensory nerves. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12812.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Sanchez Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rochelle Ackerley
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Paul M Glover
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Wessberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Klingner CM, Brodoehl S, Volk GF, Guntinas-Lichius O, Witte OW. Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten M. Klingner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Facial Nerve Center Jena, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd F. Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Facial Nerve Center Jena, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Facial Nerve Center Jena, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Facial Nerve Center Jena, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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24
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Moungou A, Thonnard JL, Mouraux A. EEG frequency tagging to explore the cortical activity related to the tactile exploration of natural textures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20738. [PMID: 26853820 PMCID: PMC4745109 DOI: 10.1038/srep20738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When sliding our fingertip against a textured surface, complex vibrations are produced in the skin. It is increasingly recognised that the neural transduction and processing of these vibrations plays an important role in the dynamic tactile perception of textures. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel means to tag the cortical activity related to the processing of these vibrations, by periodically modulating the amplitude of texture exploration-induced vibrations such as to record a steady-state evoked potential (SS-EP). The EEG was recorded while the right index fingertip was scanned against four different textures using a constant exploration velocity. Amplitude modulation of the elicited vibrations was achieved by periodically modulating the force applied against the finger. Frequency analysis of the recorded EEG signals showed that modulation of the vibrations induced by the fingertip-texture interactions elicited an SS-EP at the frequency of modulation (3 Hz) as well as its second harmonic (6 Hz), maximal over parietal regions contralateral to the stimulated side. Textures generating stronger vibrations also generated SS-EPs of greater magnitude. Our results suggest that frequency tagging using SS-EPs can be used to isolate and explore the brain activity related to the tactile exploration of natural textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Moungou
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Thonnard
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Physical and Rehabilitation Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Chang YS, Gratiot M, Owen JP, Brandes-Aitken A, Desai SS, Hill SS, Arnett AB, Harris J, Marco EJ, Mukherjee P. White Matter Microstructure is Associated with Auditory and Tactile Processing in Children with and without Sensory Processing Disorder. Front Neuroanat 2016; 9:169. [PMID: 26858611 PMCID: PMC4726807 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) affect up to 16% of school-aged children, and contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits impacting affected individuals and their families. While sensory processing differences are now widely recognized in children with autism, children with sensory-based dysfunction who do not meet autism criteria based on social communication deficits remain virtually unstudied. In a previous pilot diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, we demonstrated that boys with SPD have altered white matter microstructure primarily affecting the posterior cerebral tracts, which subserve sensory processing and integration. This disrupted microstructural integrity, measured as reduced white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), correlated with parent report measures of atypical sensory behavior. In this present study, we investigate white matter microstructure as it relates to tactile and auditory function in depth with a larger, mixed-gender cohort of children 8–12 years of age. We continue to find robust alterations of posterior white matter microstructure in children with SPD relative to typically developing children (TDC), along with more spatially distributed alterations. We find strong correlations of FA with both parent report and direct measures of tactile and auditory processing across children, with the direct assessment measures of tactile and auditory processing showing a stronger and more continuous mapping to the underlying white matter integrity than the corresponding parent report measures. Based on these findings of microstructure as a neural correlate of sensory processing ability, diffusion MRI merits further investigation as a tool to find biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in children with SPD. To our knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate associations of directly measured tactile and non-linguistic auditory function with white matter microstructural integrity – not just in children with SPD, but also in TDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Chang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mathilde Gratiot
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Julia P Owen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shivani S Desai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna S Hill
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne B Arnett
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Harris
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Increasing functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex during the course of recovery from Bell's palsy. Neuroreport 2015; 26:6-12. [PMID: 25426823 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bell's palsy (BP), a unilateral and idiopathic palsy of the facial nerve, is a common disorder generally followed by a good natural recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the recovery process of BP. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers and 67 patients were studied by functional MRI (fMRI). The seed regions of bilateral ACC were first extracted from the task-state fMRI data of healthy participants performing the task of mouth opening and closing. The connectivity of bilateral ACC was calculated from resting-state fMRI data of patients in whom only resting-state fMRI data were collected. The correlation between the strength of ACC's connectivity with the duration (time course of disease) was computed by analysis of covariance. It was found that the functional connectivity of the ACC ipsilateral to the lesioned side was enforced as the duration increased. The enforced brain areas included the sensorimotor areas and the ACC contralateral to the palsy. It was suggested that enforced functional connectivity of ACC might be related to cortical reorganization, which is important in the process of BP recovery.
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27
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Kim J, Chung YG, Park JY, Chung SC, Wallraven C, Bülthoff HH, Kim SP. Decoding Accuracy in Supplementary Motor Cortex Correlates with Perceptual Sensitivity to Tactile Roughness. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129777. [PMID: 26067832 PMCID: PMC4465937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual sensitivity to tactile roughness varies across individuals for the same degree of roughness. A number of neurophysiological studies have investigated the neural substrates of tactile roughness perception, but the neural processing underlying the strong individual differences in perceptual roughness sensitivity remains unknown. In this study, we explored the human brain activation patterns associated with the behavioral discriminability of surface texture roughness using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). First, a whole-brain searchlight multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to find brain regions from which we could decode roughness information. The searchlight MVPA revealed four brain regions showing significant decoding results: the supplementary motor area (SMA), contralateral postcentral gyrus (S1), and superior portion of the bilateral temporal pole (STP). Next, we evaluated the behavioral roughness discrimination sensitivity of each individual using the just-noticeable difference (JND) and correlated this with the decoding accuracy in each of the four regions. We found that only the SMA showed a significant correlation between neuronal decoding accuracy and JND across individuals; Participants with a smaller JND (i.e., better discrimination ability) exhibited higher decoding accuracy from their voxel response patterns in the SMA. Our findings suggest that multivariate voxel response patterns presented in the SMA represent individual perceptual sensitivity to tactile roughness and people with greater perceptual sensitivity to tactile roughness are likely to have more distinct neural representations of different roughness levels in their SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuk Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gi Chung
- IBS Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- IBS Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Wallraven
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heinrich H Bülthoff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Human and Systems Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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28
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Kitada R, Sasaki AT, Okamoto Y, Kochiyama T, Sadato N. Role of the precuneus in the detection of incongruency between tactile and visual texture information: A functional MRI study. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Krüger B, Bischoff M, Blecker C, Langhanns C, Kindermann S, Sauerbier I, Reiser M, Stark R, Munzert J, Pilgramm S. Parietal and premotor cortices: Activation reflects imitation accuracy during observation, delayed imitation and concurrent imitation. Neuroimage 2014; 100:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Klingner CM, Volk GF, Brodoehl S, Witte OW, Guntinas-Lichius O. The effects of deefferentation without deafferentation on functional connectivity in patients with facial palsy. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 6:26-31. [PMID: 25379413 PMCID: PMC4215462 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral plasticity includes the adaptation of anatomical and functional connections between parts of the involved brain network. However, little is known about the network dynamics of these connectivity changes. This study investigates the impact of a pure deefferentation, without deafferentation or brain damage, on the functional connectivity of the brain. To investigate this issue, functional MRI was performed on 31 patients in the acute state of Bell's palsy (idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy). All of the patients performed a motor paradigm to identify seed regions involved in motor control. The functional connectivity of the resting state within this network of brain regions was compared to a healthy control group. We found decreased connectivity in patients, mainly in areas responsible for sensorimotor integration and supervision (SII, insula, thalamus and cerebellum). However, we did not find decreased connectivity in areas of the primary or secondary motor cortex. The decreased connectivity for the SII and the insula significantly correlated to the severity of the facial palsy. Our results indicate that a pure deefferentation leads the brain to adapt to the current compromised state during rest. The motor system did not make a major attempt to solve the sensorimotor discrepancy by modulating the motor program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerd F Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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31
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Milne JL, Arnott SR, Kish D, Goodale MA, Thaler L. Parahippocampal cortex is involved in material processing via echoes in blind echolocation experts. Vision Res 2014; 109:139-48. [PMID: 25086210 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some blind humans use sound to navigate by emitting mouth-clicks and listening to the echoes that reflect from silent objects and surfaces in their surroundings. These echoes contain information about the size, shape, location, and material properties of objects. Here we present results from an fMRI experiment that investigated the neural activity underlying the processing of materials through echolocation. Three blind echolocation experts (as well as three blind and three sighted non-echolocating control participants) took part in the experiment. First, we made binaural sound recordings in the ears of each echolocator while he produced clicks in the presence of one of three different materials (fleece, synthetic foliage, or whiteboard), or while he made clicks in an empty room. During fMRI scanning these recordings were played back to participants. Remarkably, all participants were able to identify each of the three materials reliably, as well as the empty room. Furthermore, a whole brain analysis, in which we isolated the processing of just the reflected echoes, revealed a material-related increase in BOLD activation in a region of left parahippocampal cortex in the echolocating participants, but not in the blind or sighted control participants. Our results, in combination with previous findings about brain areas involved in material processing, are consistent with the idea that material processing by means of echolocation relies on a multi-modal material processing area in parahippocampal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Milne
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kish
- World Access for the Blind, Encino, CA, United States
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lore Thaler
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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32
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Podrebarac SK, Goodale MA, Snow JC. Are visual texture-selective areas recruited during haptic texture discrimination? Neuroimage 2014; 94:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Jacobs RHAH, Baumgartner E, Gegenfurtner KR. The representation of material categories in the brain. Front Psychol 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 24659972 PMCID: PMC3950415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using textures mapped onto virtual nonsense objects, it has recently been shown that early visual cortex plays an important role in processing material properties. Here, we examined brain activation to photographs of materials, consisting of wood, stone, metal and fabric surfaces. These photographs were close-ups in the sense that the materials filled the image. In the first experiment, observers categorized the material in each image (i.e., wood, stone, metal, or fabric), while in an fMRI-scanner. We predicted the assigned material category using the obtained voxel patterns using a linear classifier. Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses demonstrated material coding in the early visual regions, with lower accuracies for more anterior regions. There was little evidence for material coding in other brain regions. In the second experiment, we used an adaptation paradigm to reveal additional brain areas involved in the perception of material categories. Participants viewed images of wood, stone, metal, and fabric, presented in blocks with images of either different material categories (no adaptation) or images of different samples from the same material category (material adaptation). To measure baseline activation, blocks with the same material sample were presented (baseline adaptation). Material adaptation effects were found mainly in the parahippocampal gyrus, in agreement with fMRI-studies of texture perception. Our findings suggest that the parahippocampal gyrus, early visual cortex, and possibly the supramarginal gyrus are involved in the perception of material categories, but in different ways. The different outcomes from the two studies are likely due to inherent differences between the two paradigms. A third experiment suggested, based on anatomical overlap between activations, that spatial frequency information is important for within-category material discrimination.
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34
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Brunyé TT, Walters EK, Ditman T, Gagnon SA, Mahoney CR, Taylor HA. The Fabric of Thought: Priming Tactile Properties During Reading Influences Direct Tactile Perception. Cogn Sci 2012; 36:1449-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Reiswich J, Krumova EK, David M, Stude P, Tegenthoff M, Maier C. Intact 2D-form recognition despite impaired tactile spatial acuity in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2012; 153:1484-1494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Popescu EA, Barlow SM, Venkatesan L, Wang J, Popescu M. Adaptive changes in the neuromagnetic response of the primary and association somatosensory areas following repetitive tactile hand stimulation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1415-26. [PMID: 22331631 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical adaptation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) has been probed using different stimulation modalities and recording techniques, in both human and animal studies. In contrast, considerably less knowledge has been gained about the adaptation profiles in other areas of the cortical somatosensory network. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we examined the patterns of short-term adaptation for evoked responses in SI and somatosensory association areas during tactile stimulation applied to the glabrous skin of the hand. Cutaneous stimuli were delivered as trains of serial pulses with a constant frequency of 2 Hz and 4 Hz in separate runs, and a constant inter-train interval of 5 s. The unilateral stimuli elicited transient responses to the serial pulses in the train, with several response components that were separated by independent component analysis. Subsequent source reconstruction techniques identified regional generators in the contralateral SI and somatosensory association areas in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Activity in the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (i.e., SII/PV) was also identified, although less consistently across subjects. The dynamics of the evoked activity in each area and the frequency-dependent adaptation effects were assessed from the changes in the relative amplitude of serial responses in each train. We show that the adaptation profiles in SI and PPC areas can be quantitatively characterized from neuromagnetic recordings using tactile stimulation, with the sensitivity to repetitive stimulation increasing from SI to PPC. A similar approach for SII/PV has proven less straightforward, potentially due to the tendency of these areas to respond selectively to certain stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anda Popescu
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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37
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Tomlinson SP, Davis NJ, Morgan HM, Bracewell RM. Hemispheric specialisation in haptic processing. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Ebisch SJH, Ferri F, Salone A, Perrucci MG, D'Amico L, Ferro FM, Romani GL, Gallese V. Differential Involvement of Somatosensory and Interoceptive Cortices during the Observation of Affective Touch. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:1808-22. [PMID: 20666597 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the observation of other individuals' somatosensory experiences also activates brain circuits processing one's own somatosensory experiences. However, it is unclear whether cortical regions involved with the elementary stages of touch processing are also involved in the automatic coding of the affective consequences of observed touch and to which extent they show overlapping activation for somatosensory experiences of self and others. In order to investigate these issues, in the present fMRI study, healthy participants either experienced touch or watched videos depicting other individuals' inanimate and animate/social touch experiences. Essentially, a distinction can be made between exteroceptive and interoceptive components of touch processing, involved with physical stimulus characteristics and internal feeling states, respectively. Consistent with this distinction, a specific negative modulation was found in the posterior insula by the mere visual perception of other individuals' social or affective cutaneous experiences, compared to neutral inanimate touch. On the other hand, activation in secondary somatosensory and posterior superior temporal regions, strongest for the most intense stimuli, seemed more dependent on the observed physical stimulus characteristics. In contrast to the detected vicarious activation in somatosensory regions, opposite activation patterns for the experience (positive modulation) and observation (negative modulation) of touch suggest that the posterior insula does not reflect a shared representation of self and others' experiences. Embedded in a distributed network of brain regions underpinning a sense of the bodily self, the posterior insula rather appears to differentiate between self and other conditions when affective experiences are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. H. Ebisch
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Amico
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Romani
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- 2Parma University, Parma, Italy
- 4Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
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39
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Sathian K, Lacey S, Stilla R, Gibson GO, Deshpande G, Hu X, Laconte S, Glielmi C. Dual pathways for haptic and visual perception of spatial and texture information. Neuroimage 2011; 57:462-75. [PMID: 21575727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation of information flow along a dorsally directed pathway for processing object location and a ventrally directed pathway for processing object identity is well established in the visual and auditory systems, but is less clear in the somatosensory system. We hypothesized that segregation of location vs. identity information in touch would be evident if texture is the relevant property for stimulus identity, given the salience of texture for touch. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether the pathways for haptic and visual processing of location and texture are segregated, and the extent of bisensory convergence. Haptic texture-selectivity was found in the parietal operculum and posterior visual cortex bilaterally, and in parts of left inferior frontal cortex. There was bisensory texture-selectivity at some of these sites in posterior visual and left inferior frontal cortex. Connectivity analyses demonstrated, in each modality, flow of information from unisensory non-selective areas to modality-specific texture-selective areas and further to bisensory texture-selective areas. Location-selectivity was mostly bisensory, occurring in dorsal areas, including the frontal eye fields and multiple regions around the intraparietal sulcus bilaterally. Many of these regions received input from unisensory areas in both modalities. Together with earlier studies, the activation and connectivity analyses of the present study establish that somatosensory processing flows into segregated pathways for location and object identity information. The location-selective somatosensory pathway converges with its visual counterpart in dorsal frontoparietal cortex, while the texture-selective somatosensory pathway runs through the parietal operculum before converging with its visual counterpart in visual and frontal cortex. Both segregation of sensory processing according to object property and multisensory convergence appear to be universal organizing principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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40
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Wingert JR, Sinclair RJ, Dixit S, Damiano DL, Burton H. Somatosensory-evoked cortical activity in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 31:1772-85. [PMID: 20205249 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory deficits have been identified in cerebral palsy (CP), but associated cortical brain activity in CP remains poorly understood. Functional MRI was used to measure blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses during three tactile tasks in 10 participants with spastic diplegia (mean age: 18.70 years, SD: 7.99 years; 5 females) and 10 age-matched controls (mean age: 18.60 years, SD: 3.86 years; 5 females). Tactile stimulation involved servo-controlled translation of smooth or embossed surfaces across the right index finger pad; the discrimination tasks with embossed surfaces involved judging whether (1) paired shapes were similar or different, and (2) a rougher set of horizontal gratings preceded or followed a smoother one. Velocity and duration of surface translation was identical across all trials. In addition, an event-related design revealed response dynamics per trial in both groups. Compared to controls, individuals with spastic diplegia had significantly reduced spatial extents in activated cortical areas and smaller BOLD response magnitudes in cortical areas for somatosensation, motor, and goal-directed/attention behaviors. These results provide mechanisms for the widespread somatosensory deficits in CP. The reduced activation noted across multiple cortical areas might contribute to motor deficits in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wingert
- Department of Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina at Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, North Carolina 28804, USA.
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41
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Lorey B, Bischoff M, Pilgramm S, Stark R, Munzert J, Zentgraf K. The embodied nature of motor imagery: the influence of posture and perspective. Exp Brain Res 2009; 194:233-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stilla R, Sathian K. Selective visuo-haptic processing of shape and texture. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:1123-38. [PMID: 17924535 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous functional neuroimaging studies have described shape-selectivity for haptic stimuli in many cerebral cortical regions, of which some are also visually shape-selective. However, the literature is equivocal on the existence of haptic or visuo-haptic texture-selectivity. We report here on a human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which shape and texture perception were contrasted using haptic stimuli presented to the right hand, and visual stimuli presented centrally. Bilateral selectivity for shape, with overlap between modalities, was found in a dorsal set of parietal areas: the postcentral sulcus and anterior, posterior and ventral parts of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); as well as ventrally in the lateral occipital complex. The magnitude of visually- and haptically-evoked activity was significantly correlated across subjects in the left posterior IPS and right lateral occipital complex, suggesting that these areas specifically house representations of object shape. Haptic shape-selectivity was also found in the left postcentral gyrus, the left lingual gyrus, and a number of frontal cortical sites. Haptic texture-selectivity was found in ventral somatosensory areas: the parietal operculum and posterior insula bilaterally, as well as in the right medial occipital cortex, overlapping with a medial occipital cortical region, which was texture-selective for visual stimuli. The present report corroborates and elaborates previous suggestions of specialized visuo-haptic processing of texture and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Stilla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Ebisch SJH, Perrucci MG, Ferretti A, Del Gratta C, Romani GL, Gallese V. The sense of touch: embodied simulation in a visuotactile mirroring mechanism for observed animate or inanimate touch. J Cogn Neurosci 2008; 20:1611-23. [PMID: 18345991 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a shared neural circuitry in the somatosensory cortices for the experience of one's own body being touched and the sight of intentional touch. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study aimed to elucidate whether the activation of a visuotactile mirroring mechanism during touch observation applies to the sight of any touch, that is, whether it is independent of the intentionality of observed touching agent. During fMRI scanning, healthy participants viewed video clips depicting a touch that was intentional or accidental, and occurring between animate or inanimate objects. Analyses showed equal overlapping activation for all the touch observation conditions and the experience of one's own body being touched in the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), left inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus, bilateral temporal-occipital junction, and left precentral gyrus. A significant difference between the sight of an intentional touch, compared to an accidental touch, was found in the left primary somatosensory cortex (SI/Brodmann's area [BA] 2). Interestingly, activation in SI/BA 2 significantly correlated with the degree of intentionality of the observed touch stimuli as rated by participants. Our findings show that activation of a visuotactile mirroring mechanism for touch observation might underpin an abstract notion of touch, whereas activation in SI might reflect a human tendency to "resonate" more with a present or assumed intentional touching agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
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Vision and touch: Independent or integrated systems for the perception of texture? Brain Res 2008; 1242:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oliver RT, Geiger EJ, Lewandowski BC, Thompson-Schill SL. Remembrance of things touched: how sensorimotor experience affects the neural instantiation of object form. Neuropsychologia 2008; 47:239-47. [PMID: 18760292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have highlighted the role of the ventral, occipitotemporal visual processing stream in the representation and retrieval of semantic memory for the appearance of objects. Here, we examine the role of the parietal cortex in retrieval of object shape information. fMRI data were acquired as subjects listened to the names of common objects and made judgments about their shape. Recruitment of the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) during shape retrieval was modulated by the amount of prior tactile experience associated with the objects. In addition, the same pattern of activity was observed in right postcentral gyrus, suggesting that the representation of object shape is distributed amongst regions that are relevant to the sensorimotor acquisition history of this attribute, as predicted by distributed models of semantic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T Oliver
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6241, United States.
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46
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Neuronal substrates of haptic shape encoding and matching: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience 2008; 152:29-39. [PMID: 18255234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Dan H, Okamoto M, Wada Y, Dan I, Kohyama K. First bite for hardness judgment as haptic exploratory procedure. Physiol Behav 2007; 92:601-10. [PMID: 17555776 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether the modulation of biting behavior while subjects are engaged in food texture judgment can be explained as an intra-oral exploratory procedure optimized for recognizing a specified sensory attribute. Subjects were asked to compare two cheese samples for "the force required to penetrate the sample with the molar teeth" (the definition for "hardness" used in this study). Based on this definition, we hypothesize that the subjects targeted the first peak of the bite time-force profile (i.e. the intra-oral phenomenon of the initial fracture) as an essential property for judgment. We observed significant elongation of the first peak in the judgmental biting, compared to the biting without judgment, for all subjects. Shortening of the second peak (teeth-to-teeth contact) duration and decrease of the second peak force were also observed for all subjects. These active biting modulations suggested that the first peak was targeted for judgment, whereas the second peak was not targeted. The sample with greater maximum force or time-integral of the bite force at the first peak was also judged as requiring greater force; these agreements were statistically significant. This result confirmed that the parameters related to the first peak were targeted as judgmental cues. We concluded that the biting behavior in hardness judgment functions as the exploratory procedure and was optimized for encoding the target sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Dan
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
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Abstract
AbstractWe review evidence for multifaceted functional specialization of somatosensory information processing, both within and outside classical somatosensory cortex. We argue that the nature of such specialization has not yet been clarified adequately to regard the proposed action/perception dichotomy as being established. However, we believe this is a good working hypothesis that can motivate further work.
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Goyal MS, Hansen PJ, Blakemore CB. Tactile perception recruits functionally related visual areas in the late-blind. Neuroreport 2006; 17:1381-4. [PMID: 16932143 DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000227990.23046.fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When blind people touch Braille characters, blood flow increases in visual areas, leading to speculation that visual circuitry assists tactile discrimination in the blind. We tested this hypothesis in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study designed to reveal activation appropriate to the nature of tactile stimulation. In late-blind individuals, hMT/V5 and fusiform face area activated during visual imagery of moving patterns or faces. When they touched a doll's face, right fusiform face area was again activated. Equally, hMT/V5 was activated when objects moved over the skin. We saw no difference in hMT/V5 or fusiform face area activity during motion or face perception in the congenitally blind. We conclude that specialized visual areas, once established through visual experience, assist equivalent tactile identification tasks years after the onset of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Peltier S, Stilla R, Mariola E, LaConte S, Hu X, Sathian K. Activity and effective connectivity of parietal and occipital cortical regions during haptic shape perception. Neuropsychologia 2006; 45:476-83. [PMID: 16616940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that visual cortical areas are active during normal tactile perception, but the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The goal of the present study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the activity and effective connectivity of parietal and occipital cortical areas during haptic shape perception, with a view to potentially clarifying the role of top-down and bottom-up inputs into visual areas. Subjects underwent fMRI scanning while engaging in discrimination of haptic shape or texture, and in separate runs, visual shape or texture. Accuracy did not differ significantly between tasks. Haptic shape-selective regions, identified on a contrast between the haptic shape and texture conditions in individual subjects, were found bilaterally in the postcentral sulcus (PCS), multiple parts of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the lateral occipital complex (LOC). The IPS and LOC foci tended to be shape-selective in the visual modality as well. Structural equation modelling was used to study the effective connectivity among the haptic shape-selective regions in the left hemisphere, contralateral to the stimulated hand. All possible models were tested for their fit to the correlations among the observed time-courses of activity. Two equivalent models emerged as the winners. These models, which were quite similar, were characterized by both bottom-up paths from the PCS to parts of the IPS, and top-down paths from the LOC and parts of the IPS to the PCS. We conclude that interactions between unisensory and multisensory cortical areas involve bidirectional information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Peltier
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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