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Zha Q, Luo Y, Liu C, Xu T. Integrated phase separation in microliter droplets for ultratrace-enriching biomarker analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1775-1781. [PMID: 38357751 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ultratrace-enriching biomarker analysis is an effective method for achieving highly accurate and enhanced sensitive detection. In this study, we have developed an enrichment detection platform by combining a minipillar array with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for ultratrace enriching biomarker analysis. After optimizing the enrichment conditions of ATPS, target miRNAs at ultratrace levels specifically accumulate in the DEX-rich phase, which significantly increases the target miRNA concentration-related fluorescence intensity. Compared to non-enriched miRNA in the single-phase PEG solution, the detection limit of ATPS-enriched miRNA had improved more than 200-fold. The ATPS-based enrichment detection strategy offers a novel and convenient approach for the simultaneous detection of biomarkers with ultratrace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Zha
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Conghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Tailin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
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2
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Mendez-Ortiz W, Stebe KJ, Lee D. Ionic Strength-Dependent Assembly of Polyelectrolyte-Nanoparticle Membranes via Interfacial Complexation at a Water-Water Interface. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21087-21097. [PMID: 36449948 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Complexation between oppositely charged nanoparticles (NPs) and polyelectrolytes (PEs) is a scalable approach to assemble functional, stimuli-responsive membranes. Complexation at interfaces of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) has emerged as a powerful method to assemble these functional structures. Membranes formed at these interfaces can grow continuously to thicknesses approaching several millimeters and display a high degree of tunability via modification of solution properties such as ionic strength. To identify the membrane assembly mechanism, we study interfacial assembly in a prototypical dextran/PEG ATPS, in which silica (SiO2) NPs suspended in the PEG phase undergo interfacial complexation with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) supplied in the dextran phase. Using a microfluidic device that facilitates sequential insertion of fluorescent and nonfluorescent PDADMAC, we observe a transition in the membrane growth mechanism with ionic strength. In the absence of added salt ([NaCl] = 0 mM) PDADMAC chains permeate through the existing membrane to complex with NPs on the PEG side of the membrane, leading to the formation of well-stratified structures. At elevated ionic strength ([NaCl] = 500 mM), this permeation mechanism is lost. Rather, the complexing species incorporate uniformly across the membrane. We attribute this transition to a rapid exchange of PE-counterion, NP-counterion, and PE/NP binding sites facilitated by an increase in extrinsically compensated charged groups on the NPs and PEs at high salinity. These PDADMAC/SiO2 NP membranes have tremendous potential for the formation of functional membranes, offering control over the internal structure and serving as an ideal system for the generation of targeted release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Mendez-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Liu J, Liu J. Enhancing the Sensitivity of DNA and Aptamer Probes in the Dextran/PEG Aqueous Two-Phase System. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8577-8584. [PMID: 34101437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the local concentration of DNA-based probes is a convenient way to improve the sensitivity of biosensors. Instead of using organic solvents or ionic liquids that phase-separate with water based on hydrophobic interactions, we herein studied a classic aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran. Polymers of higher molecular weights and higher concentrations favored phase separation. DNA oligonucleotides are selectively enriched in the dextran-rich phase unless the pH was increased to 12. A higher volume ratio of PEG-to-dextran and a higher concentration of PEG also enrich more DNA probes in the dextran-rich phase. The partition efficiency of the T15 DNA was enriched around seven times in the dextran phase when the volume ratio of dextran and PEG reached 1:10. The detection of limit improved by 3.6-fold in a molecular beacon-based DNA detection system with the ATPS. The ATPS also increased the sensitivity for the detection of Hg2+ and adenosine triphosphate, although these target molecules alone distributed equally in the two phases. This work demonstrates a simple method using water soluble polymers to improve biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Rose KA, Lee D, Composto RJ. pH-Mediated nanoparticle dynamics in hydrogel nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2765-2774. [PMID: 33538749 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of static silica particles on the dynamics of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles grafted with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush in hydrogel nanocomposites is investigated using single particle tracking (SPT). At a low volume fraction of homogeneously dispersed silica (Φ = 0.005), two distinct populations of PEG-QDs are observed, localized and mobile, whereas almost all PEG-QDs are mobile in neat hydrogel (Φ = 0.0). Increasing the silica particle concentration (Φ = 0.01, 0.1) results in an apparent change in the network structure, confounding the impact of silica on PEG-QD dynamics. The localized behavior of PEG-QDs is attributed to pH-mediated attraction between the PEG brush on the probe and surface silanol groups of silica. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), the extent of this interaction is investigated as a function of pH. At pH 5.8, the PEG brush on the probe can hydrogen bond with the silanol groups on silica, leading to adsorption of PEG-QDs. In contrast, at pH 9.2, silanol groups are deprotonated and PEG-QD is unable to hydrogen bond with silica leading to negligible adsorption. To test the effect of pH, PEG-QD dynamics are further investigated in hydrogel nanocomposites at Φ = 0.005. SPT agrees with the QCM-D results; at pH 5.8, PEG-QDs are localized whereas at pH 9.2 the PEG-QDs are mobile. This study provides insight into controlling probe transport through hydrogel nanocomposites using pH-mediated interactions, with implications for tuning transport of nanoparticles underlying drug delivery and nanofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Rose
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Choi D, Lee E, Kim SJ, Han M. Passive droplet generation in aqueous two-phase systems with a variable-width microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4647-4655. [PMID: 31073554 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00469f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Passive droplet generation for an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was performed with a fracture-based variable microchannel. A jet of dextran-rich phase (DEX) in a polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-rich phase was created by focused flow. The width of the inlet channel could be varied over the range 1-10 μm via mechanical strain, which extended the range of operational back pressure. This enabled the spontaneous formation of DEX droplets with an ultralow surface tension of 12 μN m-1. The production of DEX droplets were examined with regard to driving pressure, flow rate, DEX/PEG concentration. The droplet properties are analyzed in terms of production rate (2-20 droplets per s), droplet diameter (10-100 μm), and diameter variance (5-20%). Controlling the inlet-channel width with other operating conditions widened the range of droplet properties. This simple and robust method significantly strengthened droplet-generation in microfluidics, especially for ATPS of low solute concentrations relevant to live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Choi
- Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
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Hann SD, Stebe KJ, Lee D. AWE-somes: All Water Emulsion Bodies with Permeable Shells and Selective Compartments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25023-25028. [PMID: 28665113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Living cells exploit compartmentalization within organelles to spatially and temporally control reactions and pathways. Here, we use the all aqueous two phase system (ATPS) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran to develop all water emulsion bodies, AWE-somes, a new class of encapsulated double emulsions as potential cell mimics. AWE-somes feature rigid polyelectrolyte (PE)/nanoparticle (NP) shells and double emulsion interiors. The shells form via complexation of PE and NP at interfaces of ATPS. The NPs, excluded from the drop phase, create an osmotic stress imbalance that removes water from the encapsulated phase and draws droplets of external PEG phase into the shells to form the double emulsion interior. We demonstrate that molecules can permeate the AWE-some shells, selectively partition into the internal droplets, and undergo reaction. AWE-somes have significant potential for creating functional, biocompatible protocell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Hann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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7
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Zou H, Wang X. Adsorption of Silica Nanoparticles onto Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-Functionalized Polystyrene Latex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1471-1477. [PMID: 28112949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a more general method to prepare silica-coated polystyrene (PS) particles with minimal excess silica by adsorption, highlighting the role of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The method is based on the addition of small silica nanoparticles onto submicrometer-sized near-monodisperse polymer latex particles under the conditions of monolayer silica coverage of the latex surface. Either a cationic or an anionic initiator could be used in the PVP-involved emulsion polymerization to prepare PS particles, and the adsorption was conducted successfully either under acidic or basic conditions. Neither a cationic initiator nor a basic condition is a prerequisite for the adsorption process, which should be related to the much stronger interaction between PVP and the silica surface. This method is expected to substantially extend the adsorption conditions of polymer-silica colloidal nanocomposite syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
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Chakraborty S, Biswas S, Sa B, Das S, Dey R. In vitro & in vivo correlation of release behavior of andrographolide from silica and PEG assisted silica gel matrix. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Application of hydrophobic extractant in aqueous two-phase systems for selective extraction of cobalt, nickel and cadmium. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Song Y, Shum HC. Monodisperse w/w/w double emulsion induced by phase separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12054-9. [PMID: 22849828 DOI: 10.1021/la3026599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop an approach to fabricate monodisperse water-in-water-in-water (w/w/w) double emulsion in microfluidic devices. A jet of aqueous solution containing two incompatible solutes, dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG), is periodically perturbed into water-in-water (w/w) droplets. By extracting water out of the w/w droplet, the solute concentrations in the droplet phase increase; when the concentrations exceed the miscibility limit, the droplet phase separates into two immiscible phases. Consequently, PEG-rich droplets are formed within the single emulsion templates. These PEG-rich droplets subsequently coalesce with each other, resulting in transiently stable w/w/w double emulsions with a high degree of size uniformity. These double emulsions are free of organic solvents and thus are ideal for use as droplet-vessels in protein purification, as microreactors for biochemical reactions, and as templates for fabrication of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Qin W, Xu Y, Liu H, Ren L, Yang C. Flotation and Surface Behavior of Cassiterite with Salicylhydroxamic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangbao Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Ren
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Congren Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering and Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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Deng Y, Zhang D, Zhu L, Long T, Chen J. Applying Aqueous Biphasic Systems for PartitioningN-Methylimidazolium Grafted Merrifield Resin Microparticles. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2010.502855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Amphiphilic drug persuaded collapse of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(ethylene glycol) chains: A dynamic light scattering study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 75:590-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rodrigues GD, de Lemos LR, da Silva LHM, da Silva MDCH, Minim LA, Coimbra JSDR. A green and sensitive method to determine phenols in water and wastewater samples using an aqueous two-phase system. Talanta 2010; 80:1139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gögelein C, Nägele G, Buitenhuis J, Tuinier R, Dhont JKG. Polymer depletion-driven cluster aggregation and initial phase separation in charged nanosized colloids. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:204905. [PMID: 19485479 DOI: 10.1063/1.3141984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We study polymer depletion-driven cluster aggregation and initial phase separation in aqueous dispersions of charge-stabilized silica spheres, where the ionic strength and polymer (dextran) concentration are systematically varied, using dynamic light scattering and visual observation. Without polymers and for increasing salt and colloid content, the dispersions become increasingly unstable against irreversible cluster formation. By adding nonadsorbing polymers, a depletion-driven attraction is induced, which lowers the stabilizing Coulomb barrier and enhances the cluster growth rate. The initial growth rate increases with increasing polymer concentration and decreases with increasing polymer molar mass. These observations can be quantitatively understood by an irreversible dimer formation theory based on the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek pair potential, with the depletion attraction modeled by the Asakura-Oosawa-Vrij potential. At low colloid concentration, we observe an exponential cluster growth rate for all polymer concentrations considered, indicating a reaction-limited aggregation mechanism. At sufficiently high polymer and colloid concentrations, and lower salt content, a gas-liquidlike demixing is observed initially. Later on, the system separates into a gel and fluidlike phase. The experimental time-dependent state diagram is compared to the theoretical equilibrium phase diagram obtained from a generalized free-volume theory and is discussed in terms of an initial reversible phase separation process in combination with irreversible aggregation at later times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gögelein
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Sheibat-Othman N, Bourgeat-Lami E. Use of silica particles for the formation of organic-inorganic particles by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10121-10133. [PMID: 19705899 DOI: 10.1021/la900895z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene/silica (PS/SiO(2)) and poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate)/SiO(2) composite latex particles were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether methacrylate (PEGMA) macromonomer. The resulting composite particles were stabilized by the negatively charged silica particles that adhered to the surface of the latex particles. Different process parameters were investigated in order to optimize the latex stability and maximize the reaction rate. Mixing in such a surfactant-free process is of major importance and is mainly determined by the type of impeller used during the emulsification. The concentrations of PEGMA and silica particles were also optimized in order to improve the interaction between the organic and inorganic phases and ensure a good latex stability. The presence of silica particles on the polymer particle surface was found to affect radical absorption and decrease therefore the reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sheibat-Othman
- CNRS, UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatisme et de Genie des Procedes (LAGEP), Villeurbanne, France.
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Zeng X, Quaye J, Osseo-Asare K. Partition of hematite in the Triton X-100/Dextran aqueous biphase system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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