1
|
Rogala A, Zaytseva-Zotova D, Oreja E, Barrantes A, Tiainen H. Combining QCM-D with live-cell imaging reveals the impact of serum proteins on the dynamics of fibroblast adhesion on tannic acid-functionalised surfaces. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 38767599 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanocoatings based on plant polyphenols have been recently suggested as a potent strategy for modification of implant surfaces for enhancing host cell attachment and reducing bacterial colonisation. In this study we aimed to investigate how serum proteins impact the early adhesion dynamics of human gingival fibroblasts onto titanium surfaces coated with tannic acid (TA). Silicate-TA nanocoatings were formed on titanium and pre-conditioned in medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1 or 10% FBS for 1 hour. Dynamics of fibroblasts adhesion was studied using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Time-lapse imaging was employed to assess cell area and motility, while immunofluorescence microscopy was used to examine cell morphology and focal adhesion formation. Our results showed that in serum-free medium, fibroblasts demonstrated enhanced and faster adhesion to TA coatings compared to uncoated titanium. Increasing the serum concentration reduced cell adhesion to nanocoatings, resulting in nearly complete inhibition at 10% FBS. This inhibition was not observed for uncoated titanium at 10% FBS, although cell adhesion was delayed and progressed slower compared to serum-free conditions. In addition, 1% FBS dramatically reduced cell adhesion on uncoated titanium. We revealed a positive relationship between changes in dissipation and changes in cell spreading area, and a negative relationship between dissipation and cell motility. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that serum decreases fibroblasts interaction with surfaces coated with TA in a concentration dependent manner. This suggests that controlling serum concentration can be used to regulate or potentially prevent fibroblasts adhesion onto TA-coated titanium surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Rogala
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Daria Zaytseva-Zotova
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Enrique Oreja
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alejandro Barrantes
- Clinical Oral Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walkowiak J, Gradzielski M, Zauscher S, Ballauff M. Interaction of Proteins with a Planar Poly(acrylic acid) Brush: Analysis by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010122. [PMID: 33396873 PMCID: PMC7795234 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the preparation of a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush, polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and subsequent acid hydrolysis, on the flat gold surfaces of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) crystals. The PAA brushes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ellipsometry and water contact angle analysis. The interaction of the PAA brushes with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied for a range of ionic strengths and pH conditions by quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The quantitative analysis showed a strong adsorption of protein molecules onto the PAA brush. By increasing the ionic strength, we were able to release a fraction of the initially bound HSA molecules. This finding highlights the importance of counterions in the polyelectrolyte-mediated protein adsorption/desorption. A comparison with recent calorimetric studies related to the binding of HSA to polyelectrolytes allowed us to fully analyze the QCM data based on the results of the thermodynamic analysis of the binding process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Walkowiak
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multilayer platform to model the bioactivity of hyaluronic acid in gastric cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111616. [PMID: 33321659 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a key role in cancer progression. The HA's molecular weight (Mw) is altered in this pathological state: increased concentration of shorter fragments due to the overexpressed hyaluronidases and ROS. Aiming to mimic this microenvironment, we developed a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) platform presenting HA of different Mws, namely 6.4, 752 and 1500 kDa, to study the influence of HA Mw on the formation of focal adhesion sites (FAs), and the involvement of paxillin and CD44 in this process. High paxillin expression and formation of FAs, via CD44, is observed for MKN45 cells seeded on LbLs presenting HA 6.4 kDa, with the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, responsible for cell motility and tumour progression. In contrast, activation of p38 pathway, usually related with cancer latency, is observed for cells seeded on LbLs with high Mw HA, i.e. 1500 kDa. Overall, we demonstrate the suitability of the developed platform to study cancer invasiveness.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui Y, Zhou F, Bai H, Wei L, Tan J, Zeng Z, Song Q, Chen J, Huang N. Real-time QCM-D monitoring of endothelial cells and macrophages adhering and spreading to SEMA4D/heparin surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:522-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
5
|
Bianco M, Vergara D, De Domenico S, Maffia M, Gaballo A, Arima V. Quartz Crystal Microbalance as Cell-Based Biosensor to Detect and Study Cytoskeletal Alterations and Dynamics. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700699. [PMID: 29663725 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several techniques can be used to monitor cell dynamism after a perturbation. Among these, Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D) offers the great advantage to study the mechanical properties of cells in real-time and with a great sensitivity. Here, we used QCM-D to investigate the effects of two cytoskeleton-targeting agents, cytochalasin D (CytoD) and Y27632, on human MCF-7 cells. Cell adhesion on the sensor surface, crucial for in-flow experiments, was obtained by covalent adsorption of a fibronectin (FN) film, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. Direct analysis of MCF-7 cells on FN-coated sensor, shows a specific cellular response that was revealed and quantified by QCM-D after drugs exposure. Notably, upon treatment with Y27632, we observed a two-regime dissipation behavior that we associated with specific modifications of actin filaments and signaling proteins providing a link between biophysical and molecular mechanisms. Overall, this approach opens new opportunities for studying cellular response to mechanical cues in different biological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bianco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteo-mics, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania De Domenico
- Biotecgen, c/o Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy.,Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteo-mics, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Gaballo
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Arima
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Araújo AR, Soares da Costa D, Amorim S, Reis RL, Pires RA, Pashkuleva I. Surfaces Mimicking Glycosaminoglycans Trigger Different Response of Stem Cells via Distinct Fibronectin Adsorption and Reorganization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28428-28436. [PMID: 27714997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the utility of a platform created by self-assembled monolayers to investigate the influence of the degree of sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on their interactions with fibronectin (Fn) and the impact of these interactions on the adhesion and morphology of human adipose derived stem cells (ASCs). We used the label-free QCM-D, AFM and SPR to follow the changes in the protein adlayer in close proximity to the substrates surface and QCM-D in combination with live imaging to characterize the adherent cells. Our results suggest that Fn interactions with GAGs are governed by both H-bonding and electrostatic forces. Strong electrostatic interactions cause irreversible change in the protein conformation, while the weaker H-bonding only partially restricts the protein flexibility, allowing Fn reorganization and exposure of its binding sites for ASC adhesion. These findings imply that a delicate balance between these two types of forces must be considered in the design of biomaterials that mimic GAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Araújo
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Amorim
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Pires
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4805-017 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kushiro K, Lee CH, Takai M. Simultaneous characterization of protein–material and cell–protein interactions using dynamic QCM-D analysis on SAM surfaces. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:989-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
QCM-D signal patterns can serve as rules of thumb for biomaterial development by simultaneously characterizing different protein–material and cell–protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Kushiro
- Department of Bioengineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Bioengineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iturri J, García-Fernández L, Reuning U, García AJ, del Campo A, Salierno MJ. Synchronized cell attachment triggered by photo-activatable adhesive ligands allows QCM-based detection of early integrin binding. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9533. [PMID: 25825012 PMCID: PMC4379501 DOI: 10.1038/srep09533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique was applied to monitor and quantify integrin-RGD recognition during the early stages of cell adhesion. Using QCM-D crystals modified with a photo-activatable RGD peptide, the time point of presentation of adhesive ligand at the surface of the QCM-D crystal could be accurately controlled. This allowed temporal resolution of early integrin-RGD binding and the subsequent cell spreading process, and their separate detection by QCM-D. The specificity of the integrin-RGD binding event was corroborated by performing the experiments in the presence of soluble cyclicRGD as a competitor, and cytochalasin D as inhibitor of cell spreading. Larger frequency change in the QCM-D signal was observed for cells with larger spread area, and for cells overexpressing integrin αvβ3 upon stable transfection. This strategy enables quantification of integrin activity which, in turn, may allow discrimination among different cell types displaying distinct integrin subtypes and expression levels thereof. On the basis of these findings, we believe the strategy can be extended to other photoactivatable ligands to characterize cell membrane receptors activity, a relevant issue for cancer diagnosis (and prognosis) as other several pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagoba Iturri
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Dept. for Obstetrics &Gynecology, Technische Universitaet München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcelo J Salierno
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany [2] National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assero G, Satriano C, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Marletta G, Alberghina M. Impaired coronary microvascular and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Microvasc Res 2014; 68:209-20. [PMID: 15501240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased incidence of coronary vascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known. However, the association between coronary microvascular function and IBD has not been fully defined. We aimed to investigate whether coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular diastolic function were impaired in IBD patients. METHODS Seventy-two patients with IBD (36 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 36 Crohn's disease [CD]) were registered. Each subject was evaluated after a minimum 15-day attack-free period. For the control group, 36 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included into the study. IBD clinical disease activity in UC was assessed by the Truelove-Witts Index (TWAS) and in CD by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). In each subject, CFR was measured through transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the CD group and UC group had significantly higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Baseline diastolic peak flow velocity (DPFV) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was significantly higher in the IBD group (24.1±3.9 vs. 22. 4±2.9, p<0.05), and hyperemic DPFV (56.1±12.5 vs. 70.6±15.3, p<0.05) and CFR (2.34±0.44 vs. 3.14±0.54, p<0.05) were significantly lower in the IBD group than in the control group. In stepwise linear regression analysis, hs-CRP and lateral Em/Am ratio were independently correlated with CFR. CONCLUSION CFR, reflecting coronary microvascular function, is impaired in patients with IBD. CFR and left ventricular diastolic function parameters are well correlated with hs-CRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Assero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu X, Wang Z, Zhao A, Huang N, Chen H, Zhou S, Xie X. Cell adhesion on supported lipid bilayers functionalized with RGD peptides monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:459-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Responses of platelets and endothelial cells to heparin/fibronectin complex on titanium: In situ investigation by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and immunochemistry. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
12
|
Da-Silva AC, Soares SS, Ferreira GNM. Acoustic detection of cell adhesion to a coated quartz crystal microbalance - implications for studying the biocompatibility of polymers. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:690-8. [PMID: 23447442 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of polymers is an important parameter for the successful application of polymers in tissue engineering. In this work, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) devices were used to follow the adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts to QCM surfaces modified with fibronectin (FN) and poly-D-lysine (PDL). The variations in sensor resonant frequency (Δf) and motional resistance (ΔR), monitored as the sensor signal, revealed that cell adhesion was favored in the PDL-coated QCMs. Fluorescence microscopy images of seeded cells showed more highly spread cells on the PDL substrate, which is consistent with the results of the QCM signals. The sensor signal was shown to be sensitive to extracellular matrix (ECM)-binding motifs. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and soluble Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides were used to interfere with cell-ECM binding motifs onto FN-coated QCMs. The acquired acoustic signals successfully showed that in the presence of 30 mM EDTA or 1 mM GRGDS, cell adhesion is almost completely abolished due to the inhibition/blocking of integrin function by these compounds. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of the QCM sensor to study cell adhesion, to monitor the biocompatibility of polymers and materials, and to assess the effect of adhesion modulators. QCM sensors have great potential in tissue engineering applications, as QCM sensors are able to analyze the biocompatibility of surfaces and it has the added advantage of being able to evaluate, in situ and in real time, the effect of specific drugs/treatments on cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Carina Da-Silva
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tymchenko N, Nilebäck E, Voinova MV, Gold J, Kasemo B, Svedhem S. Reversible Changes in Cell Morphology due to Cytoskeletal Rearrangements Measured in Real-Time by QCM-D. Biointerphases 2012; 7:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
14
|
Evaluating Inhibition of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Induced Response of Mutant MCF10A Cells with an Acoustic Sensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2012; 2:448-64. [PMID: 25586035 PMCID: PMC4263556 DOI: 10.3390/bios2040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer treatments rely on inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cellular responses. Evaluating drug effects on such responses becomes critical to the development of new cancer therapeutics. In this report, we have employed a label-free acoustic sensor, the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), to track the EGF-induced response of mutant MCF10A cells under various inhibitory conditions. We have identified a complex cell de-adhesion process, which can be distinctly altered by inhibitors of signaling pathways and cytoskeleton formation in a dose-dependent manner. The dose dependencies of the inhibitors provide IC50 values which are in strong agreement with the values reported in the literature, demonstrating the sensitivity and reliability of the QCM-D as a screening tool. Using immunofluorescence imaging, we have also verified the quantitative relationship between the ΔD-response (change in energy dissipation factor) and the level of focal adhesions quantified with the areal density of immunostained vinculin under those inhibitory conditions. Such a correlation suggests that the dynamic restructuring of focal adhesions can be assessed based on the time-dependent change in ΔD-response. Overall, this report has shown that the QCM-D has the potential to become an effective sensing platform for screening therapeutic agents that target signaling and cytoskeletal proteins.
Collapse
|
15
|
Haberal E, Ugur N, Kocakulak M. QCM biosensor for testing the inflammatory response to blood-contacting biomaterials. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:222-6. [PMID: 23110328 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.716068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary problem associated with blood-contacting artificial organs. Leucocytes play an essential role in the generation of the inflammatory response. Inflammation can be defined in a variety of ways. The goal of this research is to develop a biosensor system that is less complicated and faster responding than conventional methods. In this study, highly sensitive QCM crystals were chemically modified to measure changes in adsorbed mass on the surface and were used to detect activated neutrophils. Leucocyte activation was quantified by measuring the change in frequency of the QCM. QCM crystals with immobilized anti-C3a were tested in vitro using different concentrations of neutrophils. The measured frequency shifts were proportional to neutrophil number, indicating that activated neutrophils attach to the surface of the QCM. These results were supported by AFM surface topography measurements and SEM images. This method presents a rapid, inexpensive, and easy bioassay that tests the inflammatory response to blood-contacting artificial organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Haberal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Da-Silva AC, Rodrigues R, Rosa LFM, de-Carvalho J, Tomé B, Ferreira GNM. Acoustic detection of cell adhesion on a quartz crystal microbalance. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:411-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Carina Da-Silva
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| | - Rogério Rodrigues
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| | - Luís F. M. Rosa
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| | - Jorge de-Carvalho
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| | - Brigitte Tomé
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| | - Guilherme N. M. Ferreira
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of the Algarve; Campus de Gambelas; Faro; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dissipation monitoring for assessing EGF-induced changes of cell adhesion. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Welle A. Competitive plasma protein adsorption on modified polymer surfaces monitored by quartz crystal microbalance technique. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:357-70. [PMID: 15147167 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322977238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of photochemical modifications of polymer surfaces on the competitive adsorption of serum proteins and cell adhesion (hepatoma cell line HepG2, L929 fibroblasts and others). The UV modification of polystyrene, poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate alters the physico-chemical properties of these polymers in a way that allows the formation of micrometer scaled cellular patterns in vitro by controlling the composition and properties of the protein adsorbate. Using a quartz microbalance technique, capable to extract viscoelastic data in addition to the mass load of the polymer coated sensor, we have demonstrated the importance of the thickness and the viscosity of an albumin adsorbate for the observed cell adhesion in vitro. The quantity and viscosity of surface bound albumin on polystyrene, being a cell repellent material in its native state, is lowered when the surface is exposed to UV of lambda = 185 nm in air prior to the contact with albumin solutions or cell culture media. This promotes the deposition of cell adhesion proteins and explains the observed cell patterns. Apart from this special application the described quartz microbalance with dissipation monitoring provides a useful tool for general biocompatibility studies based on surface phenomena of biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Welle
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Biophysics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Real-time QCM-D monitoring of cellular responses to different cytomorphic agents. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Fatisson J, Mansouri S, Yacoub D, Merhi Y, Tabrizian M. Determination of surface-induced platelet activation by applying time-dependency dissipation factor versus frequency using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8:988-97. [PMID: 21247945 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and activation rates are frequently used to assess the thrombogenicity of biomaterials, which is a crucial step for the development of blood-contacting devices. Until now, electron and confocal microscopes have been used to investigate platelet activation but they failed to characterize this activation quantitatively and in real time. In order to overcome these limitations, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was employed and an explicit time scale introduced in the dissipation versus frequency plots (Df-t) provided us with quantitative data at different stages of platelet activation. The QCM-D chips were coated with thrombogenic and non-thrombogenic model proteins to develop the methodology, further extended to investigate polymer thrombogenicity. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence labelling were used to validate the QCM-D data and confirmed the relevance of Df-t plots to discriminate the activation rate among protein-modified surfaces. The responses showed the predominant role of surface hydrophobicity and roughness towards platelet activation and thereby towards polymer thrombogenicity. Modelling experimental data obtained with QCM-D with a Matlab code allowed us to define the rate at which mass change occurs (A/B), to obtain an A/B value for each polymer and correlate this value with polymer thrombogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Fatisson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, , Montreal (QC), Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Michaelis S, Robelek R, Wegener J. Studying cell-surface interactions in vitro: a survey of experimental approaches and techniques. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 126:33-66. [PMID: 21989488 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the interactions of animal (or human) cells with in vitro surfaces is the key to the successful development, improvement and optimization of biomaterials for biomedical or biotechnological purposes. State-of-the-art experimental approaches and techniques are a prerequisite for further and deeper insights into the mechanisms and processes involved in cell-surface adhesion. This chapter provides a brief but not complete survey of optical, mechanical, electrochemical and acoustic devices that are currently used to study the structural and functional properties of the cell-surface junction. Each technique is introduced with respect to the underlying principles before example data are discussed. At the end of the chapter all techniques are compared in terms of their strengths, limitations and technical requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Michaelis
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und Biosensorik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chou HC, Yan TR. Applying the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique to Detect the Epithelial Cell Tight Junction Integrality of Caco-2 Cells. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003698713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Chou HC, Yan TR, Chen KS. Detecting cells on the surface of a silver electrode quartz crystal microbalance using plasma treatment and graft polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 73:244-9. [PMID: 19545984 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper utilizes a silver electrode quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) mass sensor to detect the physiology of cells. This study also investigates the plasma surface modification of silver electrode QCMs through deposition of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) films as a protection film. To improve the cell growth, this paper also performs post-treatments by surface-grafting acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm), and oxygen plasma treatment onto the QCM electrodes. Experimental results indicate that plasma deposition is a useful technique to protect the surface of silver electrodes. This technique extends the unpeeling time of silver electrodes from 1 to 7 days. The hydrophilic silver electrode QCM surface modified by AAm exhibited a better storage time effect than other post-treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Chou
- Institute of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Tawain, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Poitras C, Fatisson J, Tufenkji N. Real-time microgravimetric quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of potential interferents. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:2631-2638. [PMID: 19375770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is used to develop a biosensor for detection of viable Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) in water matrices of varying complexity. In a clean environment, a good log-log linear response is obtained for detection of C. parvum in aqueous suspensions with oocyst concentrations from 3x10(5) to 1x10(7)oocysts/mL. C. parvum detection is slightly affected by the presence of dissolved organic acids, likely due to steric stabilization and/or masking of the antibodies/antigens by adsorbed molecules. Colloidal contaminants generally have a greater influence as biosensor interferents, whereby the presence of model latex microspheres, Enterococcus faecalis, or Escherichia coli, led to decreases in biosensor response of up to 64%, 40%, and 20%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Poitras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Melzak KA, Bender F, Tsortos A, Gizeli E. Probing mechanical properties of liposomes using acoustic sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9172-9180. [PMID: 18642856 DOI: 10.1021/la800730s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic devices were employed to characterize variations in the mechanical properties (density and viscoelasticity) of liposomes composed of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and cholesterol. Liposome properties were modified in three ways. In some experiments, the POPC/cholesterol ratio was varied prior to deposition on the device surface. Alternatively, the ratio was changed in situ via either insertion of cholesterol or removal of cholesterol with beta-cyclodextrin. This was done for liposomes adsorbed directly on the device surface and for liposomes attached via a biotin-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) linker. The acoustic measurements make use of two simultaneous time-resolved signals: one signal is related to the velocity of the acoustic wave, while the second is related to dissipation of acoustic energy. Together, they provide information not only about the mass (or density) of the probed medium but also about its viscoelastic properties. The cholesterol-induced increase in the surface density of the lipid bilayer was indeed observed in the acoustic data, but the resulting change in signal was larger than expected from the change in surface density. In addition, increasing the bilayer resistance to stretching was found to lead to a greater dissipation of the acoustic energy. The acoustic response is assessed in terms of the possible distortions of the liposomes and the known effects of cholesterol on the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer that encloses the aqueous core of the liposome. To aid the interpretation of the acoustic response, it is discussed how the above changes in the lipid bilayer will affect the effective viscoelastic properties of the entire liposome/solvent film on the scale of the acoustic wavelength. It was found that the acoustic device is very sensitive to the mechanical properties of lipid vesicles; the response of the acoustic device is explained, and the basic underlying mechanisms of interaction are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Melzak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion/Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fatisson J, Merhi Y, Tabrizian M. Quantifying blood platelet morphological changes by dissipation factor monitoring in multilayer shells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:3294-3299. [PMID: 18324843 DOI: 10.1021/la7023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electrostatically driven layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to adapt to the morphological features of a template was explored. Subtle cytoskeletal changes in blood platelets became traceable through energy dissipation monitoring in multilayered shells using microgravimetric measurements. This LbL coating was sequentially deposited on protein-modified chips onto which platelets were adhered. In addition to consequently improving the signal sensitivity, the LbL shell acted in synergy with the cell, allowing the determination and quantification of cytoskeletal changes induced by the specific cell adhesion to the protein-modified chip surface used with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The difference in cell morphology, as a result of the optimization of specific interactions between the protein layer and cell membrane integrins induced viscoelastic changes in the polyelectrolyte shell, thereby providing quantitative data on platelet conformational changes upon their adhesion to protein-modified chip surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Fatisson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biorecognition and Biosensors, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Extracellular matrix remodelling during cell adhesion monitored by the quartz crystal microbalance. Biomaterials 2008; 29:2581-7. [PMID: 18359077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A cell's ability to remodel adsorbed protein layers on surfaces is influenced by the nature of the protein layer itself. Remodelling is often required to accomplish cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation which forms the basis for cell spreading, increased adhesion and expression of different phenotypes. The adhesion of NIH3T3 (EGFP) fibroblasts to serum protein (albumin or fibronectin) precoated tantalum (Ta) and oxidised polystyrene (PS(ox)) surfaces was examined using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring and fluorescence microscopy. The cells were either untreated or treated with cycloheximide to examine the contribution of endogenous protein production during cell adhesion to the QCM-D response over a period of 2h. Following adsorption of albumin onto Ta and PS(ox) there was no difference detected between the response to seeding untreated and cycloheximide treated cells. The QCM-D was able to detect differences in the untreated cellular responses to fibronectin versus serum precoated Ta and PS(ox) substrates, while cycloheximide treatment of the cells produced the same QCM-D response for fibronectin and serum precoatings on each of the materials. This confirmed that the process of matrix remodelling by the cells is dependent on the underlying substrate and the preadsorbed proteins and that the QCM-D response is dominated by changes in the underlying protein layer. Changes in dissipation correspond to the development of the actin cytoskeleton as visualised by actin staining.
Collapse
|
28
|
Elsom J, Lethem MI, Rees GD, Hunter AC. Novel quartz crystal microbalance based biosensor for detection of oral epithelial cell–microparticle interaction in real-time. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Khraiche ML, Zhou A, Muthuswamy J. Acoustic sensor for monitoring adhesion of Neuro-2A cells in real-time. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 144:1-10. [PMID: 15848233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal adhesion plays a fundamental role in growth, migration, regeneration and plasticity of neurons. However, current methods for studying neuronal adhesion cannot monitor this phenomenon quantitatively in real-time. In this work, we demonstrate the use of an acoustic sensor to measure adhesion of neuro-blastoma cells (Neuro-2A) in real-time. An acoustic sensor consisting of a quartz crystal sandwiched between gold electrodes was placed in a flow cell and filled with 600 microl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Two sets of in vitro experiments were performed using sensors that had uncoated gold electrodes and sensors that were coated with a known neuronal adhesion promoter (poly-l-lysine or PLL). The instantaneous resonant frequency and the equivalent motional resistance of the acoustic sensor were monitored every second. Cell Tracker was used to confirm neuronal adhesion to the surface. Addition of 10 microl of media and Neuro-2A cells into the above set-up elicited exponential changes in the resonant frequency and motional resistance of the quartz crystal with time to reach steady state in the range of 2-11 h. The steady-state change in resonant frequency in response to addition of neurons was linearly related to the number of Neuro-2A cells added (R2=0.94). Acoustic sensors coated with the adhesion promoter, PLL showed a much higher change in resonant frequency for approximately the same number of neurons. We conclude that the acoustic sensor has sufficient sensitivity to monitor neuronal adhesion in real-time. This has potential applications in the study of mechanisms of neuron-substrate interactions and the effect of molecular modulators in the extra cellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Louis Khraiche
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, ECG 334, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stevens MM, Allen S, Sakata JK, Davies MC, Roberts CJ, Tendler SJB, Tirrell DA, Williams PM. pH-dependent behavior of surface-immobilized artificial leucine zipper proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:7747-7752. [PMID: 15323527 DOI: 10.1021/la030440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The coiled-coil protein motif occurs in over 200 proteins and has generated interest for a range of applications requiring surface immobilization of the constituent peptides. This paper describes an investigation of the environment-responsive behavior of a monolayer of surface-immobilized artificial proteins, which are known to assemble to form coiled-coil structures in bulk solution. An extended version of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are independently employed to characterize the adsorption of the proteins to a gold surface. The data suggest that the molecules arrange in a closely packed layer orientated perpendicular to the surface. QCM-D measurements are also employed to measure pH-induced changes in the resonant frequency (f) and the energy dissipation factor (D) of a gold-coated quartz crystal functionalized with the formed monolayer. Exposure of the protein monolayer to a pH 4.5 solution results in a shift of 43 Hz in f and a shift of -0.7 x 10(-6) in D as compared to pH 7.4. In contrast, increasing the pH to 11.2, results in f and D shifts of -17 Hz and 0.6 x 10(-6), respectively. The magnitude of the observed shifts suggests that the proteins form a rigid layer at low pH that can be hydrated to a fluid layer as the pH is increased. These observations correlate with spectroscopic changes that indicate a reduction in the helical content of the protein in bulk solutions of high pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Stevens
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yoon JY, Garrell RL. Preventing Biomolecular Adsorption in Electrowetting-Based Biofluidic Chips. Anal Chem 2003; 75:5097-5102. [PMID: 27669630 DOI: 10.1021/ac0342673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a new method for moving liquids in biofluidic chips through electrical modification of the surface hydrophobicity. EWOD-based devices are reconfigurable, have low power requirements, and can handle neutral and charged analytes, as well as particulates. We show that biomolecular adsorption in EWOD is minimized by limiting the time during which no potential is applied and through choice of solution pH and electrode polarity. The same approach may be useful for controlling biomolecular adsorption in other applications of hydrophobic dielectric materials. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing EWOD for fluid actuation in biofluidic chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Robin L Garrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hug TS. Biophysical Methods for Monitoring Cell-Substrate Interactions in Drug Discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2003; 1:479-88. [PMID: 15090185 DOI: 10.1089/154065803322163795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate interactions are implicated in a number of relevant pathways for drug targets such as angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal activity have served as valuable indicators for cytotoxicity, cell density, and cell morphology. This review focuses on impedance, capacitance, resonant frequency, and refractive index measurements for monitoring cell adhesion in real time and without the use of cell labeling. ECIS, QCM, and OWLS deliver information about the cell-substrate interactions, cell-cell contact, and the strength of cell adhesion. Because of high sensitivity of these assays, events down to the single cell level have been observed, and resolutions at the nanometer level of cell-substrate distances have been achieved. The physical principles, including assay sensitivity and selectivity, are discussed in the context of cellular pathways of cell adhesion and migration. With the miniaturization of these types of sensors, cell migration and adhesion measurements in combination with specific fluorescent assays might thus deliver a high-content platform for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Hug
- Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang J, Su XD, O'Shea SJ. Antibody/antigen affinity behavior in liquid environment with electrical impedance analysis of quartz crystal microbalances. Biophys Chem 2002; 99:31-41. [PMID: 12223237 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(02)00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrical impedance analysis has been used to study anti-human immunoglobulin G (anti-h IgG) adsorption and the subsequent human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) or rabbit immunoglobulin G (rIgG) affinity reaction in aqueous liquids on a polystyrene (PS)-modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) surface. Time-dependent adsorption data of both the frequency shift and the electrical equivalent parameters (motional resistance, shunt capacitance, quality factor, etc) are monitored. It was found that the motional resistance, R, increases while the resonance frequency, f, decreases during both the anti-h IgG immobilization and the subsequent affinity process. Decreasing f primarily arises from the increased mass loading. Increasing R indicates more power dissipation (increased losses) in the system. The change in motional resistance, delta R, in the affinity reaction is considerably larger than that in anti-h IgG immobilization adsorption process, although the resonant frequency shifts, delta f, are very close in these two processes. Specifically, for a saturated solution, the ratio of delta R/delta f is 9.45 x 10 (-3) Omega/Hz for anti-h IgG adsorption and 28.1 x 10 (-3) omega/Hz for anti-h IgG/hIgG binding respectively, indicating the increased power dissipation with the increasing binding molecules. The shunt capacitance changes little in the hIgG binding process ( approximately 0.01 pF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stålgren JJR, Eriksson J, Boschkova K. A Comparative Study of Surfactant Adsorption on Model Surfaces Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance and the Ellipsometer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 253:190-5. [PMID: 16290846 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2001] [Accepted: 05/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nature of hexaethylene glycol mono-n-tetradecyl ether (C(14)EO(6)) layers adsorbed onto different model surfaces was systematically investigated by means of QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation) and ellipsometry. The amount of non-ionic surfactant adsorbed is determined both at hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. In particular, the substrates employed were hydrophilic silica, hydrophobized silica (using dimethyldichlorosilane), and hydrophobized gold surfaces (using 10-thiodecane and 16-thiohexadecane). It was shown that the frequency shift obtained from the QCM-D experiments results in an overestimation of the adsorbed mass. This is attributed to two different effects, viz. water that is coupled to the adsorbed layer due to hydration of the polar region of the surfactant and second water that for other reasons is trapped within the adsorbed layer. Furthermore, from the ellipsometry data the adsorbed layer thickness is determined. By combining the thickness information and the dissipation parameter (obtained from the QCM-D experiments), we note that the dissipation parameter is insufficient in describing the viscoelastic character of thin surfactant films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J R Stålgren
- Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cans AS, Höök F, Shupliakov O, Ewing AG, Eriksson PS, Brodin L, Orwar O. Measurement of the dynamics of exocytosis and vesicle retrieval at cell populations using a quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5805-11. [PMID: 11791548 DOI: 10.1021/ac010777q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation technique (QCM-D) is used in two different measurement strategies to monitor the mass change and rigidity of populations of excitable cells during exocytosis and subsequent retrieval of dense-core vesicles. Two cell lines, NG 108-15 and PC 12, were grown to confluence on piezoelectric quartz crystals and were examined separately to demonstrate differences in release and retrieval with cells of different morphology, size, and number of dense-core vesicles. Stimulating the cells to exocytosis with media containing an elevated potassium concentration resulted in an increase in the frequency response corresponding to loss of mass from the cells owing to release of vesicles. In Ca2+-free media, the response was completely abolished. The amplitude and peak area in the frequency response corresponding to mass change with stimulated release was larger for PC 12 cells than for NG 108-15 cells, whereas the initial rate constants for the frequency responses were similar. The data suggest (1) that a greater number and larger size of vesicles in PC 12 cells results in a greater amount of release from these cells vs NG 108-15 cells, (2) the recycling of vesicles utilizes similar fusion/retrieval mechanisms in both cell types, (3) that the control of excess retrieval might be related to the number and size of released vesicles, and (4) that measured retrieval has a rapid onset, masking exocytosis and implying a rapid retrieval mechanism in the early stages of release. These results demonstrate that measurements of complex dynamic processes relating to dense-core vesicle release and retrieval can be simultaneously accomplished using the QCM-D technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Cans
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hug TS, Prenosil JE, Morbidelli M. Optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy as a new method to study adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells as an indicator of metabolic state. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:865-74. [PMID: 11679265 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) is based on measurements of the effective refractive index of a thin layer above the waveguide. Its potential as a whole-cell biosensor was demonstrated recently monitoring adhesion and spreading of Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells on-line. In this work the OWLS is shown to be a promising tool to study the adhesion, morphology and metabolic state of fibroblasts in real time. A new design of the measuring chamber allowed simultaneous observation by phase-contrast microscopy and made the adsorbed cell density controllable and reproducible. The OWLS signal correlated quantitatively with the contact-area between the fibroblasts and the waveguide. The OWLS signals for adhesion and spreading of three different fibroblast cell lines were in good agreement with their morphology identified by phase-contrast microscopy. The cell adhesion and cell shape changes were examined in three scenarios: (a) serum-induced spreading of the surface attached fibroblasts was followed until it was completed, and the OWLS signal remained constant for over 12 h; (b) the fully spread cells were exposed to the microtubuli-disrupting colchicine and a decrease of the OWLS signal was monitored; (c) in a similar experiment with benzalkonium chloride, a strong skin irritant, a concentration-dependent response of the signal was found. The results show the strength of the OWLS method for monitoring the adhesion behavior of anchorage-dependent cells such as fibroblasts. It has a great potential as a whole-cell biosensor for high throughput screening in toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Hug
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Janshoff A, Galla HJ, Steinem C. Mikrogravimetrische Sensoren in der Bioanalytik – eine Alternative zu optischen Biosensoren? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001117)112:22<4164::aid-ange4164>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Janshoff A, Galla HJ, Steinem C. Piezoelectric Mass-Sensing Devices as Biosensors-An Alternative to Optical Biosensors? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4004-4032. [PMID: 11093194 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001117)39:22<4004::aid-anie4004>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the early days of electronic communication-as a result of the limited number of quartz resonators available-frequency adjustment was accomplished by a pencil mark depositing a foreign mass layer on the crystal. In 1959, Sauerbrey showed that the shift in resonance frequency of thickness-shear-mode resonators is proportional to the deposited mass. This was the starting point for the development of a new generation of piezoelectric mass-sensitive devices. However, it was the development of new powerful oscillator circuits that were capable of operating thickness shear mode resonators in fluids that enabled this technique to be introduced into bioanalytic applications. In the last decade adsorption of biomolecules on functionalized surfaces turned in to one of the paramount applications of piezoelectric transducers. These applications include the study of the interaction of DNA and RNA with complementary strands, specific recognition of protein ligands by immobilized receptors, the detection of virus capsids, bacteria, mammalian cells, and last but not least the development of complete immunosensors. Piezoelectric transducers allow a label-free detection of molecules; they are more than mere mass sensors since the sensor response is also influenced by interfacial phenomena, viscoelastic properties of the adhered biomaterial, surface charges of adsorbed molecules, and surface roughness. These new insights have recently been used to investigate the adhesion of cells, liposomes, and proteins onto surfaces, thus allowing the determination of the morphological changes of cells as a response to pharmacological substances and changes in the water content of biopolymers without employing labor-intense techniques. However, the future will show whether the quartz-crystal microbalance will assert itself against established label-free sensor devices such as surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and interferometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Janshoff
- Institut für Biochemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Otto K, Elwing H, Hermansson M. Effect of ionic strength on initial interactions of Escherichia coli with surfaces, studied on-line by a novel quartz crystal microbalance technique. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:5210-8. [PMID: 10464189 PMCID: PMC94024 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.17.5210-5218.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1999] [Accepted: 06/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique was used to study the adhesion of nonfimbriated and fimbriated Escherichia coli mutant strains to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces at different ionic strengths. This technique enabled us to measure both frequency shifts (Deltaf), i.e., the increase in mass on the surface, and dissipation shifts (DeltaD), i.e., the viscoelastic energy losses on the surface. Changes in the parameters measured by the extended QCM technique reflect the dynamic character of the adhesion process. We were able to show clear differences in the viscoelastic behavior of fimbriated and nonfimbriated cells attached to surfaces. The interactions between bacterial cells and quartz crystal surfaces at various ionic strengths followed different trends, depending on the cell surface structures in direct contact with the surface. While Deltaf and DeltaD per attached cell increased for nonfimbriated cells with increasing ionic strengths (particularly on hydrophobic surfaces), the adhesion of the fimbriated strain caused only low-level frequency and dissipation shifts on both kinds of surfaces at all ionic strengths tested. We propose that nonfimbriated cells may get better contact with increasing ionic strengths due to an increased area of contact between the cell and the surface, whereas fimbriated cells seem to have a flexible contact with the surface at all ionic strengths tested. The area of contact between fimbriated cells and the surface does not increase with increasing ionic strengths, but on hydrophobic surfaces each contact point seems to contribute relatively more to the total energy loss. Independent of ionic strength, attached cells undergo time-dependent interactions with the surface leading to increased contact area and viscoelastic losses per cell, which may be due to the establishment of a more intimate contact between the cell and the surface. Hence, the extended QCM technique provides new qualitative information about the direct contact of bacterial cells to surfaces and the adhesion mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Otto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The past decades and current R&D of biomaterials and medical implants show some general trends. One major trend is an increased degree of functionalization of the material surface, better to meet the demands of the biological host system. While the biomaterials of the past and those in current use are essentially bulk materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) or special compounds (bioglasses), possibly with some additional coating (e.g., hydroxyapatite), the current R&D on surface modifications points toward much more complex and multifunctional surfaces for the future. Such surface modifications can be divided into three classes, one aiming toward an optimized three-dimensional physical microarchitecture of the surface (pore size distributions, "roughness", etc.), the second one focusing on the (bio) chemical properties of surface coatings and impregnations (ion release, multi-layer coatings, coatings with biomolecules, controlled drug release, etc.), and the third one dealing with the viscoelastic properties (or more generally the micromechanical properties) of material surfaces. These properties are expected to affect the interfacial processes cooperatively, i.e., there are likely synergistic effects between and among them: The surface is "recognized" by the biological system through the combined chemical and topographic pattern of the surface, and the viscoelastic properties. In this presentation, the development indicated above is discussed briefly, and current R&D in this area is illustrated with a number of examples from our own research. The latter include micro- and nanofabrication of surface patterns and topographies by the use of laser machining, photolithographic techniques, and electron beam and colloidal lithographies to produce controlled structures on implant surfaces in the size range 10 nm to 100 microns. Examples of biochemical modifications include mono- or lipid membranes and protein coatings on different surfaces. A new method to evaluate, e.g., biomaterial-protein and biomaterial-cell interactions--the Quartz Crystal Microbalance--is described briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kasemo
- Department of Applied Physics Chalmers, University of Technology and Göteborg University, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|