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Arunpriyandan V, Sundaresan KT. Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Dengue Fever Without Plasma Leakage: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e23964. [PMID: 35547461 PMCID: PMC9090125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important arboviral disease in the tropics and subtropics. Although mild to moderate elevation of liver transaminases is a common phenomenon, dengue infection leading to hepatic failure is a rare complication in adults. We present a case of dengue fever in a young adult, leading to the rare complication of acute liver failure, without dengue shock syndrome. We tried evidence-based management with therapeutic plasma exchange, which led to a significant improvement in liver function.
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2
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Wallace HL, Wang L, Gardner CL, Corkum CP, Grant MD, Hirasawa K, Russell RS. Crosstalk Between Pyroptosis and Apoptosis in Hepatitis C Virus-induced Cell Death. Front Immunol 2022; 13:788138. [PMID: 35237259 PMCID: PMC8882739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.788138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive inflammation in the liver is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Apoptosis has, for a long time, been known to act as a mechanism of hepatocyte death, but our previous research also identified inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in infected and uninfected bystander cells as an additional mechanism of HCV-induced cytopathicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of HCV-induced cell death and to determine the timing and relative contributions of apoptosis and pyroptosis during HCV infection. In a model employing a cell culture-adapted strain of JFH-1 HCV and Huh-7.5 hepatocyte-like cells, we found that pyroptosis occurred earlier than did apoptosis during infection. CRISPR knockout of NLRP3 resulted in decreased caspase-1 activation, but not complete elimination, indicating multiple sensors are likely involved in HCV-induced pyroptosis. Knockout of gasdermin-D resulted in increased activation of apoptosis-related caspase-3, suggesting potential crosstalk between the two cell death pathways. An unexpected decrease in activated caspase-1 levels was observed when caspase-3 was knocked out, implying that caspase-3 may have a role in the initiation of pyroptosis, at least in the context of HCV infection. Lower viral titres in culture fluids and increased ratios of intracellular to extracellular levels of infectious virus were observed in knockout versus wild-type Huh-7.5 cells, suggesting that HCV may induce programmed cell death in order to enhance virus release from infected cells. These results contribute to the understanding of HCV pathogenesis and add to the increasing volume of literature suggesting various programmed cell death pathways are not mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Wallace
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Cassandra L. Gardner
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Christopher P. Corkum
- Confocal Imaging/Flow Cytometry Unit, Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Michael D. Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Kensuke Hirasawa
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Rodney S. Russell
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- *Correspondence: Rodney S. Russell,
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Estofolete CF, de Oliveira Mota MT, Bernardes Terzian AC, de Aguiar Milhim BHG, Ribeiro MR, Nunes DV, Mourão MP, Rossi SL, Nogueira ML, Vasilakis N. Unusual clinical manifestations of dengue disease - Real or imagined? Acta Trop 2019; 199:105134. [PMID: 31415737 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by each of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) have plagued humans since last century. Symptoms of dengue virus (DENV) infection range from asymptomatic to dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue disease (SDD). One third of the world's population lives in regions with active urban DENV transmission, and thousands of serologically naïve travelers visit these areas annually, making a significant portion of the human population at risk of being infected. Even though lifelong immunity to the homotypic serotype is achieved after a primary DENV infection. Heterotypic DENV infections may be exacerbated by a pre-existing immune memory to the primary infection and can result in an increased probability of severe disease. Not only, age, comorbidities and presence of antibodies transferred passively from dengue-immune mother to infants are considered risk factors to dengue severe forms. Plasma leakage and multiple organ impairment are well documented in the literature, affecting liver, lung, brain, muscle, and kidney. However, unusual manifestation, severe or not, have been reported and may require medical attention. This review will summarize and discuss the increasing reports of unusual manifestations in the clinical course of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Milene Rocha Ribeiro
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Delzi Vinha Nunes
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Mourão
- Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nikos Vasilakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Wan SW, Wu-Hsieh BA, Lin YS, Chen WY, Huang Y, Anderson R. The monocyte-macrophage-mast cell axis in dengue pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:77. [PMID: 30409217 PMCID: PMC6225659 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus, the causative agent of dengue disease which may have hemorrhagic complications, poses a global health threat. Among the numerous target cells for dengue virus in humans are monocytes, macrophages and mast cells which are important regulators of vascular integrity and which undergo dramatic cellular responses after infection by dengue virus. The strategic locations of these three cell types, inside blood vessels (monocytes) or outside blood vessels (macrophages and mast cells) allow them to respond to dengue virus infection with the production of both intracellular and secretory factors which affect virus replication, vascular permeability and/or leukocyte extravasation. Moreover, the expression of Fc receptors on the surface of monocytes, macrophages and mast cells makes them important target cells for antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection which is a major risk factor for severe dengue disease, involving hemorrhage. Collectively, these features of monocytes, macrophages and mast cells contribute to both beneficial and harmful responses of importance to understanding and controlling dengue infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Betty A Wu-Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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5
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Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. Cell Signal 2018; 48:64-68. [PMID: 29753850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a disease that is endemic to many parts of the world, and its increasing prevalence ranks it among the diseases considered to be a significant threat to public health. The clinical manifestations of DENV infection range from mild dengue fever (DF) to more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Increased proinflammatory cytokines and vascular permeability, both of which cause organ injury, are the hallmarks of severe dengue disease. Signs of liver injury were observed in studies using hepatic cell lines, mouse models, and autopsy specimens from DENV-infected patients, and these signs substantiated the effects of inflammatory responses and hepatic cell apoptosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are involved in inflammatory responses and cellular stress during viral infections. The roles of MAPK signaling in DENV infection were reviewed, and published data indicate MAPK signaling to be involved in inflammatory responses and hepatic cell apoptosis in both in vitro cultures and in vivo models. Modulation of MAPK signaling ameliorates the inflammatory responses and hepatic cell apoptosis in DENV infection. This accumulation of published data relative to the role of MAPK signaling in inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in DENV infection is elucidatory, and may help to accelerate the development of novel or repositioned therapies to treat this unpredictable and often debilitating disease.
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Subverting the mechanisms of cell death: flavivirus manipulation of host cell responses to infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:609-617. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses exploit host metabolic and defence machinery for their own replication. The flaviviruses, which include Dengue (DENV), Yellow Fever (YFV), Japanese Encephalitis (JEV), West Nile (WNV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, infect a broad range of hosts, cells and tissues. Flaviviruses are largely transmitted by mosquito bites and humans are usually incidental, dead-end hosts, with the notable exceptions of YFV, DENV and ZIKV. Infection by flaviviruses elicits cellular responses including cell death via necrosis, pyroptosis (involving inflammation) or apoptosis (which avoids inflammation). Flaviviruses exploit these mechanisms and subvert them to prolong viral replication. The different effects induced by DENV, WNV, JEV and ZIKV are reviewed. Host cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) bearing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides — heparan/chondroitin sulfate (HS/CS) — are involved in initial flavivirus attachment and during the expression of non-structural viral proteins play a role in disease aetiology. Recent work has shown that ZIKV-infected cells are protected from cell death by exogenous heparin (a GAG structurally similar to host cell surface HS), raising the possibility of further subtle involvement of HS PGs in flavivirus disease processes. The aim of this review is to synthesize information regarding DENV, WNV, JEV and ZIKV from two areas that are usually treated separately: the response of host cells to infection by flaviviruses and the involvement of cell surface GAGs in response to those infections.
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Hou JN, Chen TH, Chiang YH, Peng JY, Yang TH, Cheng CC, Sofiyatun E, Chiu CH, Chiang-Ni C, Chen WJ. PERK Signal-Modulated Protein Translation Promotes the Survivability of Dengue 2 Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells and Extends Viral Replication. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090262. [PMID: 28930151 PMCID: PMC5618028 DOI: 10.3390/v9090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of mosquitoes from dengue virus (DENV) infection is a prerequisite of viral transmission to the host. This study aimed to see how mosquito cells can survive the infection during prosperous replication of the virus. In C6/36 cells, global protein translation was shut down after infection by DENV type 2 (DENV2). However, it returned to a normal level when infected cells were treated with an inhibitor of the protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling pathway. Based on a 7-Methylguanosine 5′-triphosphate (m7GTP) pull-down assay, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex was also identified in DENV2-infected cells. This suggests that most mosquito proteins are synthesized via canonical cap-dependent translation. When the PERK signal pathway was inhibited, both accumulation of reactive oxygen species and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential increased. This suggested that ER stress response was alleviated through the PERK-mediated shutdown of global proteins in DENV2-infected C6/36 cells. In the meantime, the activities of caspases-9 and -3 and the apoptosis-related cell death rate increased in C6/36 cells with PERK inhibition. This reflected that the PERK-signaling pathway is involved in determining cell survival, presumably by reducing DENV2-induced ER stress. Looking at the PERK downstream target, α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), an increased phosphorylation status was only shown in infected C6/36 cells. This indicated that recruitment of ribosome binding to the mRNA 5′-cap structure could have been impaired in cap-dependent translation. It turned out that shutdown of cellular protein translation resulted in a pro-survival effect on mosquito cells in response to DENV2 infection. As synthesis of viral proteins was not affected by the PERK signal pathway, an alternate mode other than cap-dependent translation may be utilized. This finding provides insights into elucidating how the PERK signal pathway modulates dynamic translation of proteins and helps mosquito cells survive continuous replication of the DENV2. It was ecologically important for virus amplification in mosquitoes and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nan Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Huang Chen
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yun Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Han Yang
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Eny Sofiyatun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Environmental Health Department, Banjarnegara Polytechnic, Central Java 53482, Indonesia.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-June Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
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8
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Sreekanth GP, Chuncharunee A, Cheunsuchon B, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. JNK1/2 inhibitor reduces dengue virus-induced liver injury. Antiviral Res 2017; 141:7-18. [PMID: 28188818 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High viral load with liver injury is exhibited in severe dengue virus (DENV) infection. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were previously found to be involved in the animal models of DENV-induced liver injury. However, the role of JNK1/2 signaling in DENV-induced liver injury has never been investigated. JNK1/2 inhibitor, SP600125, was used to investigate the role of JNK1/2 signaling in the BALB/c mouse model of DENV-induced liver injury. SP600125-treated DENV-infected mice ameliorated leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, liver transaminases and liver histopathology. DENV-induced liver injury exhibited induced phosphorylation of JNK1/2, whereas SP600125 reduced this phosphorylation. An apoptotic real-time PCR array profiler was used to screen how SP600125 affects the expression of 84 cell death-associated genes to minimize DENV-induced liver injury. Modulation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 expressions by SP600125 in DENV-infected mice suggests its efficiency in restricting apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Reduced expressions of TNF-α and TRAIL are suggestive to modulate the extrinsic apoptotic signals, where reduced p53 phosphorylation and induced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression indicate the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study thus demonstrates the pivotal role of JNK1/2 signaling in DENV-induced liver injury and how SP600125 modulates this pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aporn Chuncharunee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonyarit Cheunsuchon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Dengue virus induces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. BIOMEDICA 2016; 36:156-8. [PMID: 27622805 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is a human disease caused by a virus with the same name, which is transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. The infection has a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to fatal cases, with the pediatric population being the most susceptible. According to the new classification of the disease, the neurological manifestations are considered a criterion for the diagnosis of severe dengue. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in the onset of neurological signs in a cell line of human neurons as a model of infection with dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Susceptibility and permissiveness of the SH-SY5Y line to infection by DENV-2 was analyzed, showing that the proportions of viral infection and production are similar to those of primate cells used as positive control for infection. RESULTS Infection induced a cytopathic effect on the neuroblastoma line characterized by apoptotic cell death process, increasing the proportion of annexin V and TUNEL positive cells and an upregulation of TNF-α. Treatment with anti-TNF-α antibody increased slightly cell survival of infected cells. The addition of exogenous TNF-α to the infected cultures enhanced cell death. CONCLUSION These results as a whole suggest that the upregulation of TNF-α could be part of the process that induces cell damage and death in cases of dengue encephalitis.
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Aye KS, Charngkaew K, Win N, Wai KZ, Moe K, Punyadee N, Thiemmeca S, Suttitheptumrong A, Sukpanichnant S, Prida M, Halstead SB. Pathologic highlights of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 13 autopsy cases from Myanmar. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1221-33. [PMID: 24767772 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia, liver pathology, complement activation, and altered hemostasis accompanying a febrile disease are the hallmarks of the dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, a major arthropod-borne viral disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout tropical countries. We studied tissues from 13 children who died of acute dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome at the Childrens' Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar. Dengue viral RNA from each of the 4 dengue viruses (DENVs) was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases, and dengue viral proteins (envelope, NS1, or NS3) were detected in 1 or more tissues from all 13 cases. Formalin-fixed and frozen tissues were studied for evidence of virus infection using monoclonal antibodies against DENV structural and nonstructural antigens (E, NS1, and nonsecreting NS3). In the liver, DENV infection occurred in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but not in endothelial cells. Liver damage was associated with deposition on hepatocytes of complement components of both classical and alternative pathways. Evidence of dengue viral replication was observed in macrophage-like cells in spleens and lymph nodes. No dengue antigens were detected in endothelial cells in any organ. Germinal centers of the spleen and lymph nodes showed a marked reduction in the number of lymphocytes that were replaced by eosinophilic deposits, which contained dengue antigens as well as immunoglobulins, and complement components (C3, C1q, and C9). The latter findings had previously been reported but overlooked as a diagnostic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Saw Aye
- Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Komgrid Charngkaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ne Win
- National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Zin Wai
- Intensive Care Unit, Yangon Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Moe
- Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nuntaya Punyadee
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Thiemmeca
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanya Sukpanichnant
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malasit Prida
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Scott B Halstead
- Dengue Vaccine Initiative, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wu S, He L, Li Y, Wang T, Feng L, Jiang L, Zhang P, Huang X. miR-146a facilitates replication of dengue virus by dampening interferon induction by targeting TRAF6. J Infect 2013; 67:329-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Clark KB, Noisakran S, Onlamoon N, Hsiao HM, Roback J, Villinger F, Ansari AA, Perng GC. Multiploid CD61+ cells are the pre-dominant cell lineage infected during acute dengue virus infection in bone marrow. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52902. [PMID: 23300812 PMCID: PMC3531377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression of the peripheral blood platelet count during acute infection is a hallmark of dengue. This thrombocytopenia has been attributed, in part, to an insufficient level of platelet production by megakaryocytes that reside in the bone marrow (BM). Interestingly, it was observed that dengue patients experience BM suppression at the onset of fever. However, few studies focus on the interaction between dengue virus (DENV) and megakaryocytes and how this interaction can lead to a reduction in platelets. In the studies reported herein, BM cells from normal healthy rhesus monkeys (RM) and humans were utilized to identify the cell lineage(s) that were capable of supporting virus infection and replication. A number of techniques were employed in efforts to address this issue. These included the use of viral RNA quantification, nonstructural protein and infectivity assays, phenotypic studies utilizing immunohistochemical staining, anti-differentiation DEAB treatment, and electron microscopy. Cumulative results from these studies revealed that cells in the BM were indeed highly permissive for DENV infection, with human BM having higher levels of viral production compared to RM. DENV-like particles were predominantly observed in multi-nucleated cells that expressed CD61+. These data suggest that megakaryocytes are likely the predominant cell type infected by DENV in BM, which provides one explanation for the thrombocytopenia and the dysfunctional platelets characteristic of dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hui-Mien Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Roback
- Center for Emory Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Jhamb R, Kashyap B, Ranga GS, Kumar A. Dengue fever presenting as acute liver failure--a case report. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:323-4. [PMID: 21771479 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and recognized as important emerging infectious diseases in the tropics and subtropics. Compared to nine reporting countries in the 1950s, today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide. Dengue viral infections are known to present a diverse clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic illness to fatal dengue shock syndrome. Mild hepatic dysfunction in dengue haemorrhagic fever is usual. However, its presentation as acute liver failure (ALF) is unusual. We report a patient with dengue shock syndrome who presented with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in a recent outbreak of dengue fever in Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Jhamb
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
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Liao H, Xu J, Huang J. FasL/Fas pathway is involved in dengue virus induced apoptosis of the vascular endothelial cells. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1392-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Jaiyen Y, Masrinoul P, Kalayanarooj S, Pulmanausahakul R, Ubol S. Characteristics of dengue virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell death that correlates with the severity of illness. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:442-50. [PMID: 19659928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of the severe form of dengue is complicated. Recent reports indicate that apoptotic death of various tissues or organs may be associated with vascular leakage, and ultimately leads to the death of DENV-infected patients. In the present study, we provide additional evidence supporting the detrimental role of apoptosis in DENV infection. A comparison of the rate of apoptosis in PBMCs isolated from patients suffering DF, a mild form of the disease, and the rate in patients with DHF, a life-threatening disease, revealed that PBMCs from DHF patients underwent apoptosis at a significantly higher rate than those suffering from DF alone. This suggests that the severity of natural DENV infection correlates with PBMC apoptosis. In addition, this cell death was induced not only by DENV itself, but also by the apoptotic activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, that were upregulated in DHF patients. The death of these mononuclear cells that function in an innate immune system may explain the higher viral load in DHF patients than in DF patients. Interestingly, a gene expression profile pattern elucidated that apoptosis occurring during natural DENV infection involved mainly the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, which is mediated via both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our data highlight the adverse effect of apoptosis induced by DENV and by pro-inflammatory cytokines during natural DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanin Jaiyen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Ratchatewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Brabant M, Baux L, Casimir R, Briand JP, Chaloin O, Porceddu M, Buron N, Chauvier D, Lassalle M, Lecoeur H, Langonné A, Dupont S, Déas O, Brenner C, Rebouillat D, Muller S, Borgne-Sanchez A, Jacotot E. A flavivirus protein M-derived peptide directly permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes, triggers cell death and reduces human tumor growth in nude mice. Apoptosis 2009; 14:1190-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Suh SJ, Seo YS, Ahn JH, Park EB, Lee SJ, Sohn JU, Um SH. [A case of imported Dengue fever with acute hepatitis]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2009; 13:556-9. [PMID: 18159153 DOI: 10.3350/kjhep.2007.13.4.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is an acute febrile disease caused by the dengue virus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family, and this virus is transmitted by the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. It occurs in the tropical climates of the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, India, Africa and the subtropical zone of America. Imported cases of Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever are rapidly increasing as many Koreans are now traveling abroad. Liver injury is usually detected by laboratory investigation according to a surveillance protocol. Although liver injury by dengue virus has been described in Asia and the Pacific islands, the pathogenic mechanisms are not yet fully clarified. It is usually expressed in a self-limiting pattern and the patient has a complete recovery. We report here on a case of a young woman who presented with general weakness, nausea and significant elevation of the aminotransferase levels, and she was diagnosed with dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-jun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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El-Bacha T, Midlej V, Pereira da Silva AP, Silva da Costa L, Benchimol M, Galina A, Da Poian AT. Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction in human hepatic cells infected with dengue 2 virus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:1158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 08/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lin CF, Wan SW, Cheng HJ, Lei HY, Lin YS. Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2006; 19:127-32. [PMID: 16817755 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) caused by dengue virus (DV) infection remain unresolved. Patients with DHF/DSS are characterized by several manifestations, including severe thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage, and hepatomegaly. In addition to the effect of virus load and virus variation, abnormal immune responses of the host after DV infection may also account for the progression of DHF/DSS. Actually, viral autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus, human hepatitis C virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein- Barr virus, and DV. In this review, we discuss the implications of autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. Antibodies directed against DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) showed cross-reactivity with human platelets and endothelial cells, which lead to platelet and endothelial cell damage and inflammatory activation. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that anti-DV NS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of DF and DHF/DSS, and this may provide important information in dengue vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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Paes MV, Pinhão AT, Barreto DF, Costa SM, Oliveira MP, Nogueira AC, Takiya CM, Farias-Filho JC, Schatzmayr HG, Alves AMB, Barth OM. Liver injury and viremia in mice infected with dengue-2 virus. Virology 2005; 338:236-46. [PMID: 15961136 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of BALB/c mice as an experimental model in the study of dengue disease. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneal infected with DENV-2 obtained from a human patient. Histopathological analysis of infected animals revealed liver injury with viral antigens detection. In initial stages, the most prominent lesions were vacuolization and diffuse steatosis in hepatocytes. Serum levels of ALT and AST increased progressively, reaching the highest values 7 days p.i. and decreasing at the 14th day. Since levels of circulating virus were very low, viremia was analyzed in C6/36 cells. Virus presence was detected by ultrastructural analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR assays. Period of viremia was analyzed by flow cytometry with cells incubated with mouse-infected sera collected in different days, revealing peak virus levels at the 7th day p.i. All such data correlate to the development of the disease described in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Paes
- Laboratório de Ultra-estrutura Viral, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
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Zhong H, Taylor EW. Structure and dynamics of a predicted ferredoxin-like selenoprotein in Japanese encephalitis virus. J Mol Graph Model 2005; 23:223-31. [PMID: 15530818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Homologues of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have been previously identified in poxviruses and in RNA viruses including HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sequence analysis of the NS4 region of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) suggests it may encode a structurally related but functionally distinct selenoprotein gene, more closely related to the iron-binding protein ferredoxin than to GPx, with three highly conserved UGA codons that align with essential Cys residues of ferredoxin. Comparison of the probe JEV sequence to an aligned family of ferredoxin sequences gave an overall 30.3% identity and 45.8% similarity, and was statistically significant at 4.9 S.D. (P < 10(-6)) above the average score computed for randomly shuffled sequences. A 3-dimensional model of the hypothetical JEV protein (JEV model) was constructed by homology modeling using SYBYL, based upon a high resolution X-ray structure of ferredoxin (PDB code: 1awd). The JEV model and the model from 1awd were subsequently subjected to molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous medium using AMBER 6. The solution structure of the JEV model indicates that it could fold into a tertiary structure globally similar to ferredoxin 1awd, with RMSD between the averaged structures of 1.8 A for the aligned regions. The modeling and MD simulations data also indicate that this structure for the JEV protein is energetically favorable, and that it could be quite stable at room temperature. This protein might play a role in JEV infection and replication via TNF and other cellular stimuli mediated via redox mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Zhong
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Lin CF, Chiu SC, Hsiao YL, Wan SW, Lei HY, Shiau AL, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Chen SH, Liu CC, Lin YS. Expression of cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecules during endothelial cell activation induced by antibodies against dengue virus nonstructural protein 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:395-403. [PMID: 15611263 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark associated with disease onset in dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. In addition to direct viral damage, immune responses to dengue virus (DV) infection may also underlie the pathogenesis of disease. We have proposed a mechanism of molecular mimicry in which Abs directed against DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with endothelial cells and induce damage. In this study, we demonstrated the inflammatory endothelial cell activation induced by anti-DV NS1 via the transcription factor NF-kappaB-regulated pathway. Protein phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation were observed after anti-DV NS1 stimulation in a human microvascular endothelial cell line-1. The cytokine and chemokine production, including IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, but not RANTES, in endothelial cells increased after treatment with anti-DV NS1 Abs. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 was blocked by the preabsorption of anti-DV NS1 with DV NS1 or by the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, the increases in both ICAM-1 expression and the ability of human PBMC to adhere to endothelial cells were also observed, and these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with anti-ICAM-1 or anti-MCP-1 Abs. Therefore, in addition to endothelial cell apoptosis, as previously reported, inflammatory activation occurs in endothelial cells after stimulation by anti-DV NS1 Abs. These results suggest the involvement of anti-DV NS1 Abs in the vasculopathy of DV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Micribiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Thepparit C, Phoolcharoen W, Suksanpaisan L, Smith DR. Internalization and Propagation of the Dengue Virus in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Intervirology 2004; 47:78-86. [PMID: 15192271 DOI: 10.1159/000077830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to undertake a comparative analysis of the internalization and propagation of all four dengue serotypes in a single cell line of human liver origin, HepG2. METHODS Virus production after infection was determined by the plaque assay technique. Internalization profiles were determined by incubating virus and cells on ice and then raising the temperature for various times. The contribution of extracellular matrix components to internalization was determined by pretreatment of cells with either trypsin or heparinase III. RESULTS HepG2 cells were able to support the propagation of all four serotypes with mature viruses being produced by 12 h for dengue serotype 4 and by 17-18 h for the remaining serotypes. Virus internalization showed a plateau for serotypes 1, 2 and 4 entry while serotype 3 showed a constant increase in internalization for up to 5 h. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with heparinase III or trypsin both resulted in a reduction in viral production, with the smallest effect being noted for dengue serotype 3. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the interaction between the dengue virus and liver cells is a complex one that requires both protein and nonprotein elements, and has a significant serotype/strain element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Thepparit
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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Lefeuvre A, Marianneau P, Deubel V. Current Assessment of Yellow Fever and Yellow Fever Vaccine. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2004; 6:96-104. [PMID: 15023271 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-996-0005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne viral illness that causes hemorrhagic fever in tropical Africa and South America. Although a very safe and efficient vaccine (17D) is available, it is underused. An estimated 200,000 people are still infected annually, and YF remains a major public health concern. This article reviews the recent data on YF epidemiology, virology, and immunity, and analyzes the rare postvaccination adverse effects that have been recently reported. YF vaccine should be included in the expanded program of immunization for children and sustained for people living in or traveling to endemic areas. A surveillance of vaccinated people also should be reinforced. New research programs should be developed to identify molecular markers of YF virus tropism and attenuation, and to understand mechanisms of host responses to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Lefeuvre
- Pasteur Institute, Unit of Biology of Emerging Viral Infections, IFR128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Abstract
The outcome of virus infection depends on viral and host factors. The interactions between flaviviruses and their target cells must be investigated if we are to understood the pathogenicity of these RNA viruses. Host cells are thought to respond to viral infection by initiation of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction with distinctive morphological and biochemical features. There is mounting evidence that dengue (DEN) virus can trigger the host cell to undergo apoptosis in a cell-dependent manner. Virally induced apoptosis contributes directly to the cytopathogenic effects of DEN virus in cultured cells. The induction of apoptosis involves the activation of intracellular signaling systems. Although the underlying molecular processes that trigger apoptosis are not well characterized, our knowledge regarding the cellular mechanisms and viral determinants of the outcome of DEN virus infection of target cells is improving. The cellular factors that regulate cell death, such as Bcl-2 family members, can modulate the outcome of DEN virus infection in cultured cells. Apoptosis inhibitors delay DEN virus-induced apoptosis, thereby providing a suitable environment for the virus. During DEN virus infection, cell death is also modulated by the virulence of the infecting strains. The purpose of this review is to present recent information on the cellular mechanisms and viral proteins associated with apoptosis in response to DEN virus. This knowledge may provide new insights into the viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Courageot
- Unité Postulante des Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
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Catteau A, Courageot MP, Desprès P. Flaviviruses and apoptosis regulation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 36:171-89. [PMID: 15171612 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74264-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Catteau
- U.P. Flavivirus-Host Molecular Interactions, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Lin CF, Lei HY, Shiau AL, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Chen SH, Liu CC, Chiu SC, Lin YS. Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by antibodies against dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 via production of nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:657-64. [PMID: 12097367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The onset of vascular leakage and hemorrhagic diathesis is one of the life-threatening complications occurring in dengue patients, yet the pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Abs against dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) generated in mice cross-reacted with human endothelial cells and mouse vessel endothelium. After binding, mouse anti-NS1 Abs induced endothelial cell apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Inducible NO synthase expression could be observed; it showed a time- and dose-dependent correlation with NO production. Endothelial cell apoptosis, characterized by exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and nuclear DNA fragmentation, was blocked by treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Further studies demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) decreased in both mRNA and protein levels, whereas p53 and Bax increased after anti-NS1 treatment. Cytochrome c release was also observed. All of these effects could be inhibited by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Taken together, anti-NS1 Abs act as autoantibodies that cross-react with noninfected endothelial cells and trigger the intracellular signaling leading to the production of NO and to apoptosis. Endothelial cell damage may cause vascular leakage that contributes to the pathogenesis of dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Vallée I, Tait SW, Powell PP. African swine fever virus infection of porcine aortic endothelial cells leads to inhibition of inflammatory responses, activation of the thrombotic state, and apoptosis. J Virol 2001; 75:10372-82. [PMID: 11581405 PMCID: PMC114611 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.21.10372-10382.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an asymptomatic infection of warthogs and bushpigs, which has become an emergent disease of domestic pigs, characterized by hemorrhage, lymphopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is caused by a large icosohedral double-stranded DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV), with infection of macrophages well characterized in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that virulent isolates of ASFV also infect primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells and bushpig endothelial cells (BPECs) in vitro. Kinetics of early and late gene expression, viral factory formation, replication, and secretion were similar in endothelial cells and macrophages. However, ASFV-infected endothelial cells died by apoptosis, detected morphologically by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and nuclear condensation and biochemically by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage at 4 h postinfection (hpi). Immediate-early proinflammatory responses were inhibited, characterized by a lack of E-selectin surface expression and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 mRNA synthesis. Moreover, ASFV actively downregulated interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class I surface expression, a strategy by which viruses evade the immune system. Significantly, Western blot analysis showed that the 65-kDa subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, a central regulator of the early response to viral infection, decreased by 8 hpi and disappeared by 18 hpi. Both disappearance of NF-kappaB p65 and cleavage of PARP were reversed by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Interestingly, surface expression and mRNA transcription of tissue factor, an important initiator of the coagulation cascade, increased 4 h after ASFV infection. These data suggest a central role for vascular endothelial cells in the hemorrhagic pathogenesis of the disease. Since BPECs infected with ASFV also undergo apoptosis, resistance of the natural host must involve complex pathological factors other than viral tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vallée
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, United Kingdom
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Kurane I, Takasaki T. Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever: challenges of controlling an enemy still at large. Rev Med Virol 2001; 11:301-11. [PMID: 11590668 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world: mainly Southeast and South Asia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Understanding the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), the severe form of dengue illness, is a very important and challenging research subject. Viral virulence and immune responses have been considered as two major factors responsible for the pathogenesis. Virological studies are attempting to define the molecular basis of viral virulence. The immunopathological mechanisms appear to include a complex series of immune responses. A rapid increase in the levels of cytokines and chemical mediators apparently plays a key role in inducing plasma leakage, shock and haemorrhagic manifestations. It is likely that the entire process is initiated by infection with a so-called virulent dengue virus, often with the help of enhancing antibodies in secondary infection, and then triggered by rapidly elevated cytokines and chemical mediators produced by intense immune activation. However, understanding of the DHF pathogenesis is not complete. We still have a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mackenzie JM, Khromykh AA, Westaway EG. Stable expression of noncytopathic Kunjin replicons simulates both ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics observed during replication of Kunjin virus. Virology 2001; 279:161-72. [PMID: 11145899 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report focuses mainly on the characterization of a Vero cell line stably expressing the flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) replicon C20SDrep (C20SDrepVero). We showed by immunofluorescence and cryoimmunoelectron microscopy that unique flavivirus-induced membrane structures, termed convoluted membranes/paracrystalline structures, were induced in the C20SDrepVero cells. These induced cytoplasmic foci were immunolabeled with KUN virus anti-NS3 antibodies and with antibodies to the cellular markers ERGIC53 (for the intermediate compartment) and protein disulfide isomerase (for the rough endoplasmic reticulum). However, in contrast to the large perinuclear inclusions observed by immunofluorescence with anti-double-stranded (ds)RNA antibodies in KUN virus-infected cells, the dsRNA in C20SDrepVero cells was localized to small isolated foci scattered throughout the cytoplasm, which were coincident with small foci dual-labeled with the trans-Golgi specific marker GalT. Importantly, persistent expression of the KUN replicons in cells did not produce cytopathic effects, and the morphology of major host organelles (including Golgi, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus) was apparently unaffected. The amounts of plus- and minus-sense RNA synthesis in replicon cells were similar to those in KUN virus-infected cells until near the end of the latent period, but subsequently increases of about 10- and fourfold, respectively, occurred in infected cells. Virus-specified protein synthesis in C20SDrepVero cells was also about 10-fold greater than that in infected cells. When several KUN replicon cell lines were compared with respect to membrane induction, the relative efficiencies increased in parallel with increases in viral RNA and protein synthesis, consistent with the increases observed during the virus infectious cycle. Based on these observations, cell lines expressing less-efficient replicons may provide a useful tool to study early events in flavivirus RNA replication, which are difficult to assess in virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mackenzie
- Clinical Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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31
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Courageot MP. Viroses humaines et apoptose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-4204(01)80006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Duarte dos Santos CN, Frenkiel MP, Courageot MP, Rocha CF, Vazeille-Falcoz MC, Wien MW, Rey FA, Deubel V, Desprès P. Determinants in the envelope E protein and viral RNA helicase NS3 that influence the induction of apoptosis in response to infection with dengue type 1 virus. Virology 2000; 274:292-308. [PMID: 10964773 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One mechanism by which dengue (DEN) virus may cause cell death is apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether the genetic determinants responsible for acquisition by DEN type 1 (DEN-1) virus of mouse neurovirulence interfere with the induction of apoptosis. Neurovirulent variant FGA/NA d1d was generated during the adaptation of the human isolate of DEN-1 virus strain FGA/89 to grow in newborn mouse brains and mosquito cells in vitro [Desprès, P. Frenkiel, M. -P. Ceccaldi, P.-E. Duarte Dos Santos, C. and Deubel, V. (1998) J. Virol., 72: 823-829]. Genetic determinants possibly responsible for mouse neurovirulence were studied by sequencing the entire genomes of both DEN-1 viruses. Three amino acid differences in the envelope E protein and one in the nonstructural NS3 protein were found. The cytotoxicity of the mouse-neurovirulent DEN-1 variant was studied in different target cells in vitro and compared with the parental strain. FGA/NA d1d was more pathogenic for mouse neuroblastoma cells and attenuated for human hepatoma cells. Changes in virus replicative functions and virus assembly may account, in a large part, for the differences in the induction of apoptosis. Our data suggest that identified amino acid substitutions in the envelope E protein and viral RNA helicase NS3 may influence DEN-1 virus pathogenicity by altering viral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Duarte dos Santos
- Departmento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Expressao e Regulaçao Genica, Rio de Janeiro, R.J., Brazil
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