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Al-Sayaghi KM. Violence against healthcare workers in the emergency departments of Al-Madinah hospitals, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2023; 30:307-316. [PMID: 38044976 PMCID: PMC10688582 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_136_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) directed against healthcare workers (HCWs) in healthcare facilities has always been neglected. These occupational hazards have been investigated in recent times and received greater attention from decision-makers. This study aimed to assess the WPV committed against HCWs in the emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS All the emergency department (ED) healthcare workers (HCW) in the hospitals of Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study by completing an online questionnaire during May 15 to August 15, 2020. Information sought included characteristics of the participant and workplace, violence, the participants' responses and emotions, the consequences of the WPV incident, and the level of satisfaction with the management of the WPV incident. Data was analyzed using SPSS; Chi-square test was used to assess the association between WPV and various participant and workplace characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis performed to identify independent predictors of work place violence. RESULTS A total of 250 HCW filled the questionnaire. One-third of the participants were victims of at least one violent event, mostly nonphysical. The perpetrators were primarily the patient's companions, and a heavy workload/understaffing or an overcrowded environment was the main cause of the violence. The most frequent reaction was to call the hospital security. The emotions the participants experienced were disappointment, low self-esteem, and sadness. Most victims did not report the WPV incident because they believed that reporting was useless, insignificant, or they were fearful of adverse consequences. CONCLUSION The rate of violence in EDs in Al-Madinah hospitals was lower than expected, and only 33.3% of HCWs had experienced a violent incident in the last year. However, there is a substantial margin for interventions to improve the situation and protect the HCWs in the EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
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Varghese A, Joseph J, Vijay VR, Khakha DC, Dhandapani M, Gigini G, Kaimal R. Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence among nurses in the South‐East Asian and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15987 ; pmid: 34351652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- College of Nursing Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreICMR Bhopal India
| | - Jaison Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing College of Nursing Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health Sciences Rohtak India
| | - V. R. Vijay
- College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar India
| | - Deepika C Khakha
- College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Manju Dhandapani
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER National Institute of Nursing Education Chandigarh India
| | - George Gigini
- College of Nursing Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreICMR Bhopal India
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Varghese A, Joseph J, Vijay VR, Khakha DC, Dhandapani M, Gigini G, Kaimal R. Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence among nurses in the South-East Asian and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:798-819. [PMID: 34351652 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) includes verbal abuse, physical violence, bullying or mobbing, assault and sexual harassment. The area has been well researched in the developed and high-income countries among nurses and healthcare professionals, but in the case of the low and upper-middle-income countries, there remains a paucity of comprehensive data on the prevalence of WPV and its contributing factors. AIMS To estimate the prevalence and determinants of WPV among nurses working in the South-East Asian Region and Western Pacific Regions. DESIGN Systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHOD A comprehensive search was done to retrieve articles based on a PRISMA compliant protocol registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42020223605. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were independently done by the team members and discrepancies addressed through mutual consensus. Random-effect meta-analysis, I2 statistics and subgroup analysis were done. RESULTS The review included 41 studies conducted among 42,222 nurses from 13 countries. The pooled prevalence of WPV, verbal abuse, physical violence, threatening behaviour, physical assault, sexual harassment and bullying/mobbing were 58% (CI 51%-64%), 64% (CI 59%-70%), 23% (CI 14%-34%), 30(CI-11%-52%), 21% (CI 8%-38%), 12% (CI 7%-17%) and 25% (17%-33%), respectively. The various determinants of WPV included attributes related to the patient, nurses and organisation. Moreover, the impact of WPV included physical, psychological repercussions on nurses and the various measures used to manage it. CONCLUSION Nurses encounter a high level of WPV especially verbal abuse in their workplace settings. Nursing councils and professional nursing organisations should put in their effort towards the formulation and implementation of occupational safety legislation in their respective countries through appropriate political lobbying. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our review highlights the emerging need to focus on the prevention of WPV among nurses working in lower, middle and upper-middle-income countries. Legislation changes and organisational commitment are vital for ensuring effective policies to combat WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, ICMR, Bhopal, India
| | - Jaison Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - V R Vijay
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Deepika C Khakha
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Dhandapani
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER, National Institute of Nursing Education, Chandigarh, India
| | - George Gigini
- College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, ICMR, Bhopal, India
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Aljohani B, Burkholder J, Tran QK, Chen C, Beisenova K, Pourmand A. Workplace violence in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 196:186-197. [PMID: 34246105 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency departments (EDs) currently face a widely acknowledged issue of workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs). WPV in the ED occurs in different forms and from different types of instigators; its prevalence also varies in different regions of the world. This study investigates the incidence of WPV among ED staff and identifies the types of instigators involved. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Using PubMed and SCOPUS databases, a search for WPV against ED physicians and nurses was conducted, yielding 301 articles. Studies were excluded if measuring violence between HCWs or against prehospital personnel. Studies assessing WPV not in the ED, such as domestic violence that occurred before arrival to the ED, and studies investigating violence involving alcohol/drug use or individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis were also excluded. This study used a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of WPV in the ED, including types of violence, instigators, and professions of the victims. RESULTS In total, 26 articles were selected for this study. There were 9072 cases of WPV in the ED; 6575 (72%) cases involved verbal violence and 1639 (18%) related to physical abuse. Among the ED workers involved, 2112 (36.5%) were physicians, 3225 (55.7%) were nurses and 455 (7.8%) other ED staff. There were 2578 instigators, of whom 1340 (52%) were family members, 700 (27%) were patients and 538 (21%) were other relatives/friends. The overall prevalence of verbal violence was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.82, I2 = 87%), suggesting 77% of ED staff reported exposure to WPV. The prevalence of violence from patients as instigators was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.18-31, I2 = 93%). CONCLUSIONS WPV in the ED is a serious issue as most nurses and physicians are significantly exposed to verbal and/or physical abuse. Further studies should focus on factors influencing the different types of WPV, which ED professions are most at risk and interventions to prevent WPV in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aljohani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Burkholder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Q K Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Beisenova
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
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Timmins F, Timmins B. An integrative review of waiting time, queuing, and design as contributory factors to emergency department violence. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:139-151. [PMID: 34032010 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports of violence in health care are continuously increasing. Globally there are attempts to manage this phenomenon. However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. Alcohol and drug misuse, for example, are frequently reported, with limited consideration of the ED environment. By far the biggest cause of violence appears to be the presentation of conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of queuing and crowded departments on patients and their families. This study aims to examine the extent to which ED waiting times, design and queuing are linked to ED violence. METHODS An integrative literature review was performed using CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases. 110 papers were initially selected, and the final analysis included 25 papers. RESULTS The literature revealed three emerging themes: the nature of emergency department violence, environmental contributory factors and its management and control. CONCLUSION The findings of this review reveal several causes of violence. Surprisingly most approaches take a victim blaming approach aimed at identifying potential perpetrators rather than taking a holistic approach to prevention that would also address environmental and societal issues. More is needed in terms of implementation of more far-reaching, practical, and effective management solutions to promote health care workers' safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfied, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernard Timmins
- School of Engineering & Built Environment, Technological University of Dublin, Bolton Street, Dublin, Ireland
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The Effects of Emergency Room Violence toward Nurse's Intention to Leave-Resilience as a Mediator. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050507. [PMID: 33924759 PMCID: PMC8145540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Healthcare workplace violence has been a focused issue in the whole world. The rate of the occurrence is pretty high in every country. The emergency room is a high risk and high frequency place for violence to occur. Under the medical service demands from people, it is quite easy to bring about conflicts. This leads to serious physical and mental harm to nurses. When suffering from physical and mental injuries, resilience is a protective factor away from negative influence. It is rare to explore and study how the nurses' resilience ability, workplace violence and turnover intention are related. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand resilience as a mediator effect in emergency nurses toward the workplace violence. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was used to collect information from emergency room nurses of a medical center in northern Taiwan. There were 132 samples in total. Three research instruments were included as follows: Hospital Workplace Violence Prevention Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale. Statistical analysis using t-test, ANOVA, Correlation, as well as Sobel test were used in this study. (3) Results: The results revealed that the average age was 29.5 ± 5.6. Almost 58% of nurses experienced workplace violence. Twelve percent of nurse had experienced physical violence and 53.8% had experienced mental violence. There was significant relationship between shift personnel and religious believers. To the people who suffered physical violence, there was a significant relationship between emergency room working years and the total working years. There was significant difference between those who had suffered mental violence and religious believers. Female nurses suffered mental violence to a much higher extent than male nurses. There was a significant relationship between nurses' working years, the total working years, resilience, and turnover intention. Resilience was not the mediator for workplace violence toward turnover intention in this study. (4) Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggested that on an individual level, nurses can enhance self-protection and communication skills to decrease workplace violence. For emergency environment settings, designing a good working environment, visitors' restriction, avoiding working alone, and enhancing supervising alarm system are recommended. As for hospital administrators, fitness for work and to set up a project team is necessary. These can be references in planning prevention on workplace violence and promoting quality of workplace and patient safety in the future.
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Nithimathachoke A, Wichiennopparat W. High Incidence of Workplace Violence in Metropolitan Emergency Departments of Thailand; a Cross Sectional Study. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2021; 9:e30. [PMID: 34027425 PMCID: PMC8126349 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Violence against healthcare workers mostly occurs in emergency departments and is a serious global public health issue. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of violence directed towards emergency department healthcare personnel and to ascertain the factors that might be correlated with it. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous questionnaire was used to gather data from healthcare personnel working in the emergency departments under the direction of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration between 1 August 2019 and 30 November 2019, regarding the experience of violence during the previous year. Results: A total of 258 (87.5%) responses were received from 295 personnel. The results showed that 88.4% (228 personnel) had experienced violence during the past year, of these, 37.6% involved physical abuse that caused minor injuries. Employees with shorter tenures, nurses, and those working in tertiary academic emergency departments in the central business district were found to have increased likelihood of confronting violence. Measures taken to prevent violence had a limited impact on the occurrence rate. The most common impact on employees after experiencing violence was discouragement in their jobs (75.1 %). The key factors that promoted cases of violence were the consumption of alcohol or drugs (81.3%) and long waiting times (73.6%). Most violence tended to occur during non-office hours (95.4%). One-third of emergency healthcare personnel reported facing violence during their work. Conclusions: Emergency healthcare personnel in metropolitan of Thailand had a high rate of experiencing violence in the previous year. Younger age, lower work experience, being a nurse, and working in the urban academic or tertiary emergency department increased the likelihood of being a victim of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisak Nithimathachoke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand 10300
| | - Wanawat Wichiennopparat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand 10300
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Cabilan CJ, Johnston ANB. Review article: Identifying occupational violence patient risk factors and risk assessment tools in the emergency department: A scoping review. Emerg Med Australas 2019; 31:730-740. [DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CJ Cabilan
- Emergency DepartmentPrincess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Amy NB Johnston
- Emergency DepartmentPrincess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Eğici MT, Öztürk GZ. Violence Against Healthcare Workers in the Light of White Code Data. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.436537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Hsieh HF, Chen YM, Wang HH, Chang SC, Ma SC. Association among components of resilience and workplace violence-related depression among emergency department nurses in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:2639-47. [PMID: 27334990 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES This correlation study examined the relationship among recently workplace violence, depressive tendency, social support, and resilience of victimised nurses, and we also tried to identify protective factors and potential targets for preventive interventions for these nurses. BACKGROUND Workplace violence in hospitals negatively affects occupational health and safety of medical professionals, especially for emergency department nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional, correlation research design was applied. METHODS Hierarchical regression was used to examine data which were collected from June 2013 to December 2013 from emergency departments in Taiwan. One hundred and eighty nurses were recruited from two hospitals. Structured interviews and questionnaires were applied to collect data, including the Social Support Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression. RESULTS A total of 159 (88·33%) nurses had suffered from physical or verbal violence by patients or their family. Resilience and peer support were significantly higher in the group without depressive tendency. Components of resilience of personal strength, social competence, structure style and religious beliefs were significant factors which accounted for 46·0% of variance in depressive tendency. Three of the five components of resilience: personal strength, social competence and structured style were found to have profounder effects against depressive tendency than peer support. CONCLUSIONS Hospital managers should establish a safer working environment for emergency department nurses and reinforce their resilience against depression when they encounter workplace violence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study showed that three of the five components of resilience: personal strength, social competence and structured style are protective factors against depressive tendency in victimised nurses. Improving these three components with coping and problem-solving skills by healthcare manager would be effective measures for enhancing their resilience in situations of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Hsieh
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Mei Chen
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Chang
- Department of Nursing, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Ma
- Nursing Department, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Oskouie F, Najafi F, Ghazanfari N, Tamizi Z, Afshani S. Physical violence against health care workers: A nationwide study from Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2016; 21:232-8. [PMID: 27186199 PMCID: PMC4857656 DOI: 10.4103/1735-9066.180387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Workplace violence is a serious and problematic phenomenon in health care settings. Research shows that health care workers are at the highest risk of such violence. The aim of this study was to address the frequency of physical violence against Iranian health personnel, their response to such violence, as well as the contributing factors to physical violence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011, in which 6500 out of 57,000 health personnel working in some teaching hospitals were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire of “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector” developed by the International Labor Organization, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization, and the Public Services International. Results: The findings revealed that 23.5% of the participants were exposed to physical violence in the 12 months prior to the study. Nurses were the main victims of physical violence (78%) and patients' families were the main perpetrators of violence (56%). The most common reaction of victims to physical violence was asking the aggressor to stop violence (45%). Lack of people's knowledge of employees' tasks was the most common contributing factor to physical violence (49.2%). Conclusions: Based on the results, legislating appropriate laws in order to prevent and control violence in the workplace is necessary. Moreover, developing educational programs to manage the incidence of physical violence should be on health centers' agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Oskouie
- Department of Nursing, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Najafi
- Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Tamizi
- Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Afshani
- Deputy of Nursing, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Tan MF, Lopez V, Cleary M. Nursing management of aggression in a Singapore emergency department: A qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci 2015; 17:307-12. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fen Tan
- Neuroscience Intensive Care; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Fute M, Mengesha ZB, Wakgari N, Tessema GA. High prevalence of workplace violence among nurses working at public health facilities in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Nurs 2015; 14:9. [PMID: 25767412 PMCID: PMC4357058 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-015-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising rate of workplace violence in health care facilities has become a major problem for health care providers including nurses. However, evidences are lacking in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of workplace violence among nurses working at health care facilities in Hawassa City Administration, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 660 randomly selected nurses working at public health facilities in Hawassa City Administration in April 2014. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI-Info and exported to SPSS for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were done. Logistic regression analyses were used to see the association between different variables and the outcome variable. Odds ratios with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed to determine the presence and strength of the association. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of workplace violence was 29.9% [95% CI: 26.5, 33.5)] of which physical violence accounted for 36 (18.22%), verbal abuse for 172 (89.58%) and sexual harassment for 25 (13.02%). Female sex [AOR=2.00, 95% CI: (1.28, 2.39)], short work experience [AOR=8.86, 95% CI: (3.47, 22.64)], age group of 22-25 [AOR=4.17, 95% CI: (2.46, 7.08)], age group of (26-35) [AOR=1.9, 95% CI (1.16, 3.1)], work in emergency [(AOR=4.28, 95% CI: (1.39, 4.34)] and work in the Inpatient Department [(AOR=2.11, 95% CI: (1.98, 2.64)] were the factors positively associated with workplace violence. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of nurses faced violence while providing care at in public health facilities. Being female, younger age, short work experience, and assignment in emergency and inpatient departments were positively associated with workplace violence. Policy makers and stakeholders should focus on workplace violence prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Fute
- />Sidama Zone Social and Labour Affairs, Southern Nation, Nationality and People Regional State, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Birhanu Mengesha
- />Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Negash Wakgari
- />School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- />Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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The needs and potential solutions for improvement of workplace violence management in emergency departments in Taiwanese hospitals. J Acute Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Child RJH, Mentes JC. Violence against women: the phenomenon of workplace violence against nurses. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2010; 31:89-95. [PMID: 20070222 DOI: 10.3109/01612840903267638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Registered nurses have been the recipients of an alarming increase in workplace violence (WPV). Emergency and psychiatric nurses have been found to be the most vulnerable and yet few solid reporting procedures exist to fully account for a true number of incidents. Further compounding the problem is the lack of a standard definition of violence to guide reporting procedures, interventions, legislation, and research. While there are certain risk factors that not only predispose the nurse and the patient to WPV, research continues to attempt to parse out which risk factors are the key determinants of WPV and also which interventions prove to be significant in reducing WPV. The nursing shortage is expected only to increase; recruitment and retention of qualified staff members may be deterred by WPV. This necessitates focused research on the phenomenon of workplace violence in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Howerton Child
- University of California-Los Angeles, School of Nursing, 700 Tiverton Ave., Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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