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Rzepczyk S, Dolinska-Kaczmarek K, Burchardt B, Aurast Z, Skowronska D, Halasinski P, Bielecka A, Zaba C, Moszynski R. Characteristics of physical violence against pregnant women - analysis of medico-legal data and literature review. Ginekol Pol 2024:VM/OJS/J/95904. [PMID: 38632878 DOI: 10.5603/gpl.95904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period which is especially sensitive to physical violence and its aftermath. Subjecting a pregnant woman to violence can have negative effects on both the mother as well as the child. In Poland, there are programs, such as the Blue Card, aimed at protection against violence, however the phenomenon is underestimated. Documentation covering forensic examinations carried out at the request of the police or privately at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Poznan in the years 2015-2020 was analyzed. Out of 7,689 cases, 22 were concluded to meet the criteria of violence against pregnant women. The cases were then further analyzed, consideration of the victim's age, professional status, relations with the perpetrator, form of physical violence, and medical assistance. The average age of the women at the time of the incident was 31.1 years. In 90.1% of the cases, the perpetrator was a known man, usually a current or former partner. The most common injuries were abrasions and bruises, while the most common locations of injuries were the head, neck, and arms. The most common forms of violence were grappling, kicking, and hitting with an open hand. Over 72% of the women sought medical attention after the incident. There is a need for educational programs concerning the effects of violence during pregnancy and ways to help. Gynecologists and midwives play an especially important role, by having direct contact with the patient, thus being able to quickly identify victims of violence and take actions to secure safe environment for the woman and the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Rzepczyk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland.
| | | | - Bartosz Burchardt
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Aurast
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Dagmara Skowronska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Halasinski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bielecka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Czeslaw Zaba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
| | - Rafal Moszynski
- 2nd Division of Gynecological Surgery, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Poland
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Bawadi H, Al-Hamdan ZM, Clark CJ, Hall-Clifford R, Hamadneh JM, Al-Sharu EE. Infertile Jordanian Women's Self-Perception About Societal Violence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:593-603. [PMID: 38633886 PMCID: PMC11022872 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s451950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility affects one in six couples globally and is compounded by stigma and violence, particularly for women, in Jordan's culture. While existing research has illuminated societal pressures faced by infertile women, there is, yet no comprehensive understanding of the violence they encounter in their daily lives. Objective This Interpretative Phenomenological study seeks to unravel the experiences of infertile women regarding societal violence in Jordan. By focusing on different types of community violence - physical, psychological, and emotional - The study aims to provide nuanced insights into the challenges these women confront. It also endeavors to identify contributing factors, including societal attitudes, cultural beliefs, and individual encounters, while informing policy and practice to mitigate this issue. Methods Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled infertile women. Thematic analysis was utilized to uncover recurring patterns and themes, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of their experiences. Results Five main themes were identified: How the surrounding people view me as an infertile woman; I am suffocated by their questions; they interfere in the smallest details; I got burned and turned to ashes, and I have no right to complain; The problem of childbearing and the treatment plan is a matter for me and my husband only; and who supports me and what do I want from those around me? Implications This study's implications are significant for policy and practice. By foregrounding the prevalent violence faced by infertile women, it underscores the urgency of interventions. Raising awareness, providing education, and extending support can counteract societal stigma and violence. Creating a more compassionate societal fabric can ensure a safer, more inclusive environment for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Bawadi
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaid M Al-Hamdan
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Hall-Clifford
- Center for the Study of Human Health and Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jehan Mahmoud Hamadneh
- IVF Center/ King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Emad Elddeen Al-Sharu
- OB-GYN Senior Specialist Reproductive Medicine(IVF), Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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Ballucci D, Ghebrai S, Haan M. The Exosystem Impact: An Analysis of Male- and Female Physical Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Heterosexual Relationships. Violence Vict 2024; 39:53-70. [PMID: 38453374 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of sociological research explores the complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV) in heterosexual relationships. However, early research in this area concentrated exclusively on male perpetration, thereby necessitating a better understanding of the contexts behind female-perpetrated and bidirectional IPV. Using the two most recent cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey (2014 and 2019), our study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the prevalence and severity of female and male physical IPV victimization among a large sample of married and common-law heterosexual couples. Framing our analysis through one concentric level of Dutton's (1990) nested ecological model, the exosystem, we aim to understand whether these indicators serve as protective markers against severe and nonsevere physical IPV. We investigate the impact of eight exosystem indicators (financial stress, number of children, length of relationship, religiosity, employment, social support, education, and income). Our findings suggest that social support, employment, and household income serve as protective markers against male and female physical IPV victimization. Other protective factors include the length of the relationship and the partner's religiosity for female-perpetrated violence. At the same time, the presence of children in the household reduces the likelihood of male-perpetrated IPV despite being a risk marker for female perpetration. Risk factors for both men and women include education and their partner's employment. Future research should undertake a more in-depth exploration of the impact of exosystem and macrosystem factors on instances of IPV to generate a better understanding of predictive and preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ballucci
- Department of Sociology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sam Ghebrai
- Department of Sociology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Michael Haan
- Department of Sociology, Western University, London, Canada
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Debel L, Ayalew J, Abdella S, Bulti J, Bejiga B, Wariso FB, Belete W, Habtesilase A, Lulseged S. Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1213725. [PMID: 38356655 PMCID: PMC10864632 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is usually defined as unequal power relations between men and women, which poses a widespread public health problem. The study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with GBV among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia. Method We used cross-sectional bio-behavioral data collected using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in 2020 from 16 towns in Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to summarize the study population characteristics and prevalence of GBV, and a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to identify associated factors for GBV. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used as a threshold for statistical significance. Result Of 6,085 participants, 28.1% had experienced GBV during the last 12 months, among which 12.7% and 22.3% experienced physical and sexual violence, respectively. FSWs aged 15-24, and 25-34 than those 35 years or more, had a non-paying than paying partners, had 31-60, 61-90, and over 91 than those had less than 30 paying partners, ever had anal sex than those not, condom failure than those not, mobile female sex workers when compared with those not mobile at different town; 3-5 and ≥ 6 years than those less than 3 years stayed in selling sex, street-based, and multiple places selling sex than those used other venues were significantly associated with GBV. Conclusion Gender-based violence is a substantial problem among FSWs in Ethiopia, with significant implications for program planning on prevention and response to mitigate the occurrence and impact of GBV among FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa Debel
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Ayalew
- Department of Statistics, Wollo University, College of Natural Science, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jaleta Bulti
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birra Bejiga
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fayiso Bati Wariso
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wudinesh Belete
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Habtesilase
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, HIV/TB Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Silesh Lulseged
- Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Cho MS, Min KB, Min JY. Workplace Violence Experienced by Personal Care Workers in a District in Seoul, Republic of Korea: A Comparison Study with Office and Service Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:320. [PMID: 38338205 PMCID: PMC10855380 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the level of workplace violence experienced by personal healthcare workers in a district in Seoul, Republic of Korea, with those experienced by workers in office or service jobs. We matched 150 personal care workers with 150 office workers and 150 service workers using a propensity score. Workplace violence was categorized into psychological violence and physical violence. Of the surveyed personal care workers, 53.3% reported experiencing psychological violence, and 42.0% reported experiencing physical violence. After adjusting for self-reported work-related symptoms, personal care workers had significantly higher odds of experiencing psychological violence than office workers (OR = 5.01; 95% CI: 2.80-8.97) or service workers (OR = 7.54; 95% CI: 3.93-14.47). The adjusted odds for physical violence were also significantly higher for personal care workers compared with those for office workers (OR = 5.83; 95% CI: 2.96-11.50) and service workers (OR = 6.00; 95% CI: 2.88-12.49). In terms of specific types of workplace violence, personal care workers were 7-10 times more likely to experience unwanted sexual attention, sexual harassment, and physical violence than office or service workers. We found that personal care workers were more prone to workplace violence than office or service workers, with gender-based or physical violence being the most common types. Considering the negative impact of workplace violence on workers' well-being and health services, policy updates and interventions focusing on personal care workers are needed to reduce workplace violence, safeguard workers' rights, and establish a secure working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Suk Cho
- Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
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Alan Dikmen H, Tetikçok CO. The effect of physical and emotional partner violence exerted during pregnancy on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22429. [PMID: 37860901 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant women to physical and emotional violence during pregnancy adversely affects the health of the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the effects of emotional and physical partner violence on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women. Five-hundred and ten pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were included in the study. A personal information form, the Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale, and the prenatal attachment inventory (PAI) were used for data collection. Although 7.5% of the pregnant women were exposed to physical partner violence during pregnancy, 24.3% were exposed to emotional partner violence. Depression was observed in 86.9% of the pregnant women, whereas the mean PAI score was 37.29 ± 10.504. There was a statistically significant relationship between the pregnant women's exposure to physical (p = .046) and emotional partner violence (p < .001) and depression. In this study, it was determined that pregnant women's exposure to emotional partner violence poses a risk for depression during pregnancy (p < .002; odds ratio = .143). As professionals working with pregnant women, obstetricians and maternity nurses should inquire about the exposure of pregnant women to partner violence during antenatal follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Alan Dikmen
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Önal Ö, Evcil FY, Batmaz K, Çoban B, Doğan E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of verbal and physical violence against healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2023; 29:819-830. [PMID: 37947233 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Workplace violence is a serious threat to healthcare workers worldwide. Aim We aimed to determine the prevalence of physical and verbal violence against healthcare workers in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and Türkiye. Methods We searched the Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and ProQuest databases along with reference lists from selected articles. Studies of health workers exposed to verbal and/or physical violence by patients or their relatives conducted in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and Türkiye among staff working in hospitals and primary health care services were included. Seventy-five of the 3513 articles identified of studies conducted during 1999-2021 were eligible. The data were analysed using MetaXL version 5.3 and STATA version 16. Results This study covered 69 024 healthcare workers from 22 countries. Meta-analysis showed that 63.0% (95% CI: 46.7- 79.2) of them had experienced verbal violence and 17.0% (95.0% CI: 14.0-21.0) experienced physical violence. There was no significant difference for sample size, professional group, quality score, or response rate. The frequency of physical and verbal violence in the subgroup analysis was statistically significantly different for countries and years. Conclusion Findings from this study provide useful information for policymaking regarding interventions to prevent or minimize violence against healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Türkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Önal
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi (Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Y Evcil
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi (Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Kıymet Batmaz
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi (Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Betül Çoban
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi (Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Edanur Doğan
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi (Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Türkiye
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Perkins NH, Lees ER. Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in Childhood and Attachment in Close Relationships in Adulthood. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:11186-11219. [PMID: 37381789 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231179723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the consequences of physical and emotional sibling violence, which can last into adulthood, research examining this form of family violence is minimal compared to child abuse, interpartner violence, and elder abuse. One area that has received scarce attention is the connection between physical and emotional sibling violence and attachment in close relationships in adulthood. This research study examines the association between physical and emotional sibling violence and adulthood attachment in a sample of 2,458 individuals who completed a survey on the sub-Reddit platform "/r/SampleSize: Where your opinions actually matter!" Participants completed items on demographics, frequency of physical and emotional behaviors experienced with a sibling in childhood, and adult attachment. Results found physical and emotional sibling violence in childhood to be associated with attachment in close relationships in adulthood. Frequency of physical and emotional sibling violence in childhood was also associated with comfortability with intimacy and closeness, comfortability of depending and relying on others, and concerns of abandonment and rejection by others in adulthood. The findings underscore the need to not only include physical and emotional sibling violence in future research on attachment but also to examine the connection between these phenomena in diverse samples (ethnicity, sexual orientation). Also highlighted is the need for practitioners to assess sibling relationships when working with children, families, and adults experiencing attachment issues throughout the life course.
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Gebrekirstos LG, Lencha TT, Asgedom YS, Wube TB. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Violence; Perceived Social Support and Health Access Among People with Disabilities in Rural Districts of Southern Ethiopia: Mixed Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2921-2936. [PMID: 37799810 PMCID: PMC10547586 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s432398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Violence is a serious public health problem with far-reaching negative effects. The lack of data on disability-related violence obscures developing nations from taking the appropriate steps to mitigate it. Objective This study sought to assess the prevalence and associated factors of violence as well as perceived social support and health access among people with disabilities in Southern Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional, community-based mixed study was conducted from March 15 to May 15, 2022. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 645 participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Qualitative data were transcribed and translated verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results The total prevalence of any form of violence within the last year was 61.2%. Being female {AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: (1.61,7.47)}, having no formal education {AOR: 4.8; 95% CI: (1.18, 19.79)}, having a visual disability{AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: (1.61,7.43)}, strong reliance on others {AOR: 5.6; 95% CI: (1.34,23.55)}, and not joining any community group {AOR: 3.9; 95% CI: (1.36,11.35)}were associated with sexual violence. Being female {AOR: 1.9; 95% CI: (1.16, 3.04)}, having no formal education {AOR: 4.9 95% CI: (1.86, 7.78)}, and a low level of perceived social support {AOR: 3.0; 95% CI: (1.74, 5.32)} was associated with emotional violence. Belonging to the lower wealth index group {AOR: 5.4; 95% CI: (1.96, 15.16)} and reliance on others {AOR: 2.9; 95% CI: (1.54, 5.30)} were associated with physical violence. During a qualitative study there is a lack of social support and receiving wrong social support frequently, leading to isolation, depression, and violence. Additionally, access to transportation and health services is not user-friendly for such persons. Conclusion A significant proportion of people with disabilities experience violence. The finding highlight there is a need for capacity building particularly, for women with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lielt Gebreselassie Gebrekirstos
- Department of Maternity and Reproductive Health Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tizita Tekle Lencha
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Yordanos Sisay Asgedom
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tsiyon Birhanu Wube
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Aksum University College of Health Science, Aksum, Northern Ethiopia
- Health Science Education Development Center, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Joy M, Mani T, Jeyaseelan L, Babu M, S M, Kumar S, Mohanraj R, Viswanathan S, Bangdiwala SI. Reduction in prevalence of spousal physical violence against women in India: evidence from three national surveys. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2023; 30:352-361. [PMID: 36905635 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2188468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Spousal physical violence (PV) against women is considered to be major health issue in developing countries. Lifetime physical violence is a composite outcome consists of hit, kick, beat, slap and threatened with weapon, perpetrated by the husband. The study aims to examine changes in prevalence and specific risk factors for PV from 1998 to 2016 in India. This study analyzed data from a cross sectional epidemiological survey in 1998-1999, NFHS-3 (2005-2006) and NFHS-4 (2015-2016) data. There was a significant decline of about 10% (95% CI: 8.8%-11.1%) in PV. Major risk factors for change in PV were husband's use of alcohol, illiteracy and socio-economic status of the household. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act may have played a role in reducing the PV. Even though there was a decline in PV, actions have to be implemented from the root level to ensure women empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Joy
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thenmozhi Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Malavika Babu
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marimuthu S
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Shankar Viswanathan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Pharr JR, Batra R, Terry E, Batra K. Intrapersonal Predictors of Physical Violence Toward and Sexual Assault of Lesbian and Bisexual Women and the Associated Mental Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. LGBT Health 2023; 10:S28-S38. [PMID: 37754924 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to identify the prevalence and intrapersonal predictors of physical violence toward and sexual assault of lesbian and bisexual women and the associated mental health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 497 U.S.-based lesbian and bisexual women, who completed an online survey during January-February 2022, to investigate physical violence and sexual assault and mental health outcomes. Chi-square, independent-samples t-tests, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were utilized. Results: More than 25% of the sample reported being the victim of physical violence or sexual assault because of their sexual orientation in the past 12 months. Social support decreased the probability and being out increased the probability of all forms of physical violence and sexual assault (all p < 0.01). Having less educational attainment increased the probability of being punched, hit, kicked, or beaten; assaulted with a weapon; or being sexually assaulted, while living in the Northeast increased the probability of being punched, hit, kicked, or beaten; assaulted with a weapon; or having objects thrown at them (all p < 0.05). Significantly higher mean scores for suicidal ideation were reported by those who had been victims of sexual assault because of their sexual orientation in the past 12 months (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Interventions to address physical violence toward and sexual assault of lesbian and bisexual women should include increasing social support and protections for those who are out about their sexual orientation. In addition, lesbian and bisexual women who experience sexual assault may need resources to address suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Pharr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ravi Batra
- Department of Information Technology, Coforge Ltd., Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Emylia Terry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Alhassan AK, Alsaqat RT, Al Sweleh FS. Physical workplace violence in the health sector in Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34094. [PMID: 37478266 PMCID: PMC10662896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical workplace violence (WPV) occurs worldwide, causing psychological and physical injuries. However, reports from Saudi Arabia investigating which specialty is the most exposed are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and circumstances related to physical WPV among all healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia in 12 months, as well as the consequences for both attackers and targets of physical WPV. This cross-sectional study included all healthcare providers registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties who had worked for more than 1 year in the health sector in Saudi Arabia until May 2019. Researchers distributed the questionnaire to the participants via email. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data. Correlations between the categorically measured variables were explored using a chi-square test of independence. Overall, 7398 healthcare workers (HCWs) voluntarily participated in the study, 51.3% being men and 48.7% being women. The mean age was 40 ± 8.62 years), and most participants were of non-Saudi origin. Overall, 9.3% HCWs had encountered physical violence. Male HCWs, pharmacists, nurses, and HCWs of non-Saudi origin were significantly more exposed to physical violence. Furthermore, those with direct physical contact with patients and those working with male patients only were more exposed to physical violence. Physical WPV is an important issue faced by HCWs, particularly those who work night shifts or have direct contact with patients. Results showed that more support, specific strategies and policies to reduce violence occurrence, and protection for healthcare providers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Khaled Alhassan
- Department of Dentistry, King Khalid Hospital in AlKharj, Ministry of Health, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Tarik Alsaqat
- Department of Dentistry, Restorative Division, Princes Noura University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Campbell L, Tan RKJ, Uhlich M, Francis JM, Mark K, Miall N, Eleuteri S, Gabster A, Shamu S, Plášilová L, Kemigisha E, Olumide A, Kosana P, Hurtado-Murillo F, Larsson EC, Cleeve A, Calvo González S, Perrotta G, Fernández Albamonte V, Blanco L, Schröder J, Adebayo A, Hendriks J, Saltis H, Marks M, Wu D, Morroni C, Esho T, Briken P, Hlatshwako TG, Ryan R, Farid NDN, Gomez Bravo R, Van de Velde S, Tucker JD. Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:7115-7142. [PMID: 36703528 PMCID: PMC9895276 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Campbell
- Center for Population, Family, and
Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary
Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rayner K. J. Tan
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of North Carolina Project,
Guangzhou, China
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joel M. Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and
Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristen Mark
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Health,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naomi Miall
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
| | - Stefano Eleuteri
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology,
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Gabster
- Department of Genomics and
Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- National Research System, National
Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation, Panama City, Panama
- Center of Population Sciences for
Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Simukai Shamu
- Health Systems Strengthening
Division, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leona Plášilová
- Department of Psychology and Life
Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Sexology
and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech
Republic
| | | | - Adesola Olumide
- Institute of Child Health, College of
Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan,
Nigeria
| | - Priya Kosana
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Felipe Hurtado-Murillo
- Center for Sexual and Reproductive
Health, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elin C. Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of
Global Health and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Amanda Cleeve
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of
Global Health and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm,
Sweden
- South General Hospital, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - Gabriela Perrotta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía Blanco
- Faculty of Psychology, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual
Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,
Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research
and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth,
Australia
| | - Hanna Saltis
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research
and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth,
Australia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases,
University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
| | - Chelsea Morroni
- Centre for Reproductive Health,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive
Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | | | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual
Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,
Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takhona Grace Hlatshwako
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive
Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Department of Social and Preventive
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raquel Gomez Bravo
- Institute for Health and Behaviour,
Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg,
Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Center for Population, Family, and
Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Institute of Global Health and
Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
- Joseph D. Tucker, Institute of Global
Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Bioinformatics, 130 Mason Farm Road, 2nd Floor, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Carmona-Torres JM, Rodríguez-Borrego MA, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Laredo-Aguilera JA, López-Soto PJ. Formal and Informal Services Used by Women Who Suffer Intimate Partner Violence in Spain. Violence Vict 2023; 38:358-374. [PMID: 37348958 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem. Female victims of IPV do not always use the institutional resources available to them. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish 2014 Macro-Survey on Violence Against Women. The findings show that 15% of the survey participants suffered from IPV in the last year. The factors associated with a higher probability of suffering IPV are being of non-Spanish nationality, being a student, having a low-educational level, having no income, being the household head, and not having a current partner. Regarding the resources used by women subjected to IPV, almost half resorted to informal sources, such as female friends and/or their own mothers. The use of formal resources was low. Therefore, IPV continues to be a problem in Spain that seems to remain in the private domain. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the availability of and access to legal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Mehra D, Srivastava S, Chandra M, Srivastava N, Laaksonen M, Saarinen HE, Mehra S. Effect of physical mobility, decision making and economic empowerment on gender-based violence among married youth in India-SAWERA project. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:548. [PMID: 36959579 PMCID: PMC10034242 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV) is both a human rights imperative and a multifaceted economic issue. GBV can also act as a barrier to economic empowerment. The aim of the study was to examine the association between women’s empowerment (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources) and GBV among married youth in India. Methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married youth in the age group of 15–24 years, in two selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, India. The data was collected from 578 youth. Pre-validated scales were used to assess women’s empowerment indicators (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources). The outcomes assessed were scales on physical and sexual violence. Multivariate regression models examined associations between women’s empowerment, spousal characteristics, socio-economic status and demographics. Results The overall results of the study found that restricted physical mobility had a negative association with sexual violence [AOR: 0.49; CI 0.26–0.92]. Women with no decision-making power had higher odds of physical violence [AOR: 2.12; CI 0.01–4.43] and sexual violence [AOR: 1.96; CI 1.02–3.77]. Having no economic resources had a negative association with sexual violence [AOR: 0.19; CI 0.09–0.39]. Women going through spousal controlling behavior had a higher likelihood of physical [AOR: 3.79; CI 1.75–8.19] and sexual violence [AOR: 4.03; CI 2.09–7.79]. It was also found that married women from rural areas and other ethnic backgrounds had higher odds of physical violence. Conclusion There is a crucial need to work towards women’s empowerment, with progressive gender roles such as greater decision-making, physical mobility and economic resources to reduce GBV. An established method that has worked in various contexts is adopting gender transformative approaches that involve men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15421-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Mehra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Murari Chandra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Srivastava
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sunil Mehra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
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Bhuptani PH, Orchowski LM, Forkus SR, Newberger NG, Weiss NH. The Impact of Physical and Sexual Violence on Opioid Consequences among Trauma- exposed Individuals Recruited from the Community who Use Opioids. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2669901. [PMID: 36993534 PMCID: PMC10055686 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2669901/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal violence and opioid use disorder are significant and intersecting public health concerns in the United States. The current study evaluated the consequences associated with opioid use as a function of history of interpersonal trauma, specifically physical and sexual violence. Participants were 84 trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids (M age = 43.5 50% men; 55% white). Whereas no significant differences emerged in the consequences of opioid use based on a history of physical violence, individuals with a history of sexual violence demonstrated higher levels of impulsive consequences of opioid use compared to individuals without a history of sexual violence. These data highlight the importance of considering the role of sexual violence in the context of opioid use disorder treatment.
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17
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Eralp A, Gokmen S. The Impact of Poverty on Partner Violence Against Women Under Regional Effects: The Case of Turkey. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:4906-4924. [PMID: 36052441 PMCID: PMC9900691 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221119515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women has been the subject of scientific literature in many fields and poverty has been one of the most important companions in this field. It can be found lots of empirical studies about violence against women for countries as Turkey too. However, regional considerations relating to people's socioeconomic condition have not been considered in these investigations although it has been indicated that these factors are important in terms of violence against women. Therefore, the main motivation of this study to investigate the impact of poverty on partner violence against women under the regional impacts in Turkey. The multinomial logit analysis preferred since the violence against women considered under three groups which are physical, sexual violence, and never experienced. The dataset received from the Survey on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey which was performed by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). This survey is performed in both 2008 and 2014 years. For this study, the 2008 data is chosen as it carries the information of "having a green card" which is a formal demonstration of being poor. Also, NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) regions for Turkey are considered during the analysis. Based on the general results, the poverty status and regional effects of women, showed quite different results in terms of physical and sexual violence types. The poverty has a positive effect only on physical violence, not on sexual violence. Further, all regions have an important role on physical violence, while only less developed regions have a dominant impact on sexual violence. Also, the findings show that the intimate partners' bad habits make women more vulnerable to violence. According to the results, it can be suggested that developing policies based on regional effects and types of violence would be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Eralp
- Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu,
Turkey
| | - Sahika Gokmen
- Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University,
Ankara, Turkey
- Uppsala University, Uppsala,
Sweden
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Khairkhah F, Nasiri Amiri F, Javanian M, Nikbakht HA, Faramarzi M, Aqatabar Roudbari J, Odhaib SA, Mohammadi Aref K, Habibpour H. Domestic Violence Against Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relationship to Demographic and Family Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran. Cureus 2023; 15:e36633. [PMID: 37155453 PMCID: PMC10122864 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed increased complaints from third parties about violent conditions through social media. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) against women following exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and its relevance to some related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted from July 2020 to May 2021 on married women of Babol, Iran. Eligible women entered into the study in a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic and family data, questionnaire HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream). Relationships were estimated using the Univariate and multivariate regression models. Results: The mean age of 488 women and their spouses was 34.62 ± 9.14 and 38.74 ± 9.07, respectively. Of the total female participants, 37 (7.6%), 68 (13.9%), and 21 (4.3%) were victims of total violence, verbal abuse, and physical violence, respectively. Ninety-five women (19.5) had a history of coronavirus infection. Women who were satisfied with their income and husbands were university educated, their chances of DV were reduced by 72% (95% CI (0.09-0.85), OR = 0.28) and 67% (95% CI (0.11-0.92), OR = 0.33) respectively. Drug abuse by husbands increased the likelihood of DV by up to 4 times (OR = 4.00), and more contact with their husbands at home due to home quarantine was more than twice as likely to have DV (OR = 2.64). Conclusion: Since the level of domestic violence was lower than before the coronavirus pandemic, it seems that most Iranian women were more under the support of their husbands during the coronavirus pandemic to endure the fear and panic caused by the pandemic. Women whose husbands had a university education and sufficient income had less domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Khairkhah
- Psychiatry, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri
- Reproductive Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Disease, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Psychology, Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | | | - Samih A Odhaib
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, Basrah, IRQ
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Sun L, Zhang W, Cao A. Associations between work-related variables and workplace violence among Chinese medical staff: A comparison between physical and verbal violence. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1043023. [PMID: 36703849 PMCID: PMC9871913 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1043023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff has been an important public health and societal problem worldwide. Although numerous studies have implied the differences between physical violence (PV) and verbal violence (VV) against medical staff, few studies were conducted to analyze the different associations between work-related variables, PV, and VV, especially in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese medical staff in public hospitals, and 3,426 medical staff were interviewed and analyzed. WPV, including PV and VV, were evaluated by the self-report of the medical staff. Work-related variables, physical disease, depression, and social-demographic variables were also measured. The work-related variables included types of medical staff, professional titles, hospital levels, managers, working years, job changing, working hours/week, night duty times/week, monthly income, self-reported working environment, and social position. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the factors associated with PV and VV. Results A total of 489 medical staff (23.0%) reported the experience of PV and 1,744 (50.9%) reported the experience of VV. Several work-related variables were associated with PV and VV, including nurse (OR = 0.56 for PV, p < 0.01; OR = 0.76 for VV, p < 0.05), manager (OR = 1.86 for PV, p < 0.01; OR = 1.56 for VV, p < 0.001), night duty frequency/week (OR = 1.06 for PV, p < 0.01; OR = 1.03 for VV, p < 0.01), bad working environment (OR = 2.73 for PV, p < 0.001; OR = 3.52 for VV, p < 0.001), averaged working environment (OR = 1.51 for PV, p < 0.05; OR = 1.55 for VV, p < 0.001), and bad social position (OR = 4.21 for PV, p < 0.001; OR = 3.32 for VV, p < 0.001). Working years (OR = 1.02, p < 0.05), job changing (OR = 1.33, p < 0.05), and L2 income level (OR = 1.33, p < 0.01) were positively associated with VV, but the associations were not supported for PV (all p>0.05). The other associated factors were male gender (OR = 1.97 for PV, p < 0.001; OR = 1.28 for VV, p < 0.05) and depression (OR = 1.05 for PV, p < 0.001; OR = 1.04 for VV, p < 0.001). Conclusion Both PV and VV were positively associated with work-related variables, such as doctor, manager, more night duty frequency, perceived bad working environment, or social position. Some variables were only associated with VV, such as working years, job changing, and monthly income. Some special strategies for the work-related variables should be applied for controlling PV and VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou People Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Vu LG, Nguyen Hoang L, Le Vu Ngoc M, Nguyen Si Anh H, Nathan N, Trong Dam VA, Vu TMT, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Professional Preparedness Implications of Workplace Violence against Medical Students in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Inquiry 2023; 60:469580231179894. [PMID: 37318194 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231179894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence is an increasing public health concern around the world. In Vietnam, attacks on healthcare workers have become a huge issue in recent years. Our study aims to shed more light on the issue and look at what variables affect acts of violence toward healthcare workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study by surveying 550 medical students from 3 universities in Vietnam. Following this survey on SurveyMonkey's platform (surveymonkey.com), the participants were suggested to invite their associates who met the selection criteria to join in this online survey. The structured questionnaire included demographics and details on the violence. There were 90.5% of respondents were medical students, the mean age was 23.3, and verbal abuse had a prevalence rate of 29.3%. Women respondents are less likely to suffer from violent experiences than men (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.84), and those specializing in nurse and technician also faced a lower rate of acts of aggression (physical violence: OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.19-0.63, sexual harassment: OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.15-0.87, and any type of violence: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37-0.82). Medical students working in Ho Chi Minh City (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.34-0.89), and other regions (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19-0.85) were significantly less likely to face verbal abuse than those working in Hanoi. The workplace culture needs to be changed to make sure that people feel comfortable reporting, especially those who are younger. Protecting medical students also ensures patient safety since victims of assault in the workplace can have severe aftereffects affecting their ability to provide good patient care. Hence, policies need to be implemented at both the government and hospital administration levels to keep health workers safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Long Nguyen Hoang
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Le Vu Ngoc
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hao Nguyen Si Anh
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nila Nathan
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Vu Anh Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thuc Minh Thi Vu
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Freeman JQ, Cha S, Wejnert C, Baugher A. Physical and Sexual Violence and Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in 22 U.S. Cities-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2017. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:NP37-NP59. [PMID: 35365046 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221078821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
National prevalence of physical and sexual violence and its relationship to sexual behaviors are unknown among men who have sex with men (MSM). We estimated 12-month prevalence of physical and sexual violence and assessed relationships between violence and sexual behaviors among MSM. Data were obtained from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 2017 that used time-space sampling methods to recruit and interview MSM in 22 U.S. cities. Weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression with predicted marginal means. Overall, 10.2% (95% CI: 9.3%-11.2%) of MSM experienced physical violence only, 3.2% (95% CI: 2.7%-3.7%) experienced sexual violence only, and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.9%-2.7%) experienced both types of violence, in the past 12 months. Compared to MSM who did not experience violence, those who did reported higher percentages of unemployment, poverty, homelessness, same-sex discrimination, non-injection drug use, and binge drinking. Violence was not independently associated with condomless anal sex among MSM. MSM who experienced both types of violence were more likely than those who did not experience violence to have had four or more male sex partners (aPR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.37). MSM who experienced both types of violence (aPR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.52-4.09), sexual violence (aPR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.47-3.52), or physical violence (aPR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.27-2.44) were more likely than those who did not experience violence to have had exchange sex. Recent physical violence and sexual violence are common among MSM. Findings highlight the importance of violence screening and suggest the need for tailored interventions that improve the safety and economic security of MSM who experience violence, including those who exchange sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincong Q Freeman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan Cha
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cyprian Wejnert
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Baugher
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Katole A, Saoji A, Kumar M. Spousal Violence among Reproductive Age Group Women - A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:65-69. [PMID: 37082406 PMCID: PMC10112753 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_108_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence, and the factors associated with it among reproductive age group women. Materials and Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Urban Health Training Center area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India, among married women between 15 and 49 years of age who were selected using systematic random sampling. The data was collected from a sample of 373 women by face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v21. Results The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15-49 years) women was found to be 59.7%, with emotional violence (54.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (51.2%) and sexual (43.4%) violence in that order. Regular alcohol consumption of husband had the highest odds of spousal violence among women (odds ratio [OR] 12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.51-24.03). Other factors associated with spousal violence among reproductive age group women were early age at marriage, literacy and employment of women and husband, lack of emotional support from the family members, and dowry-related problems in the family. Conclusion A multifaceted approach including legal measures, empowerment of women, and sociocultural factors involving families, institutions, governmental, nongovernmental, and civil society organizations is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Katole
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Balaji Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajeet Saoji
- Department of Community Medicine, N. K. P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
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23
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Maddox A, Mackenzie L. Occupational Violence Experienced by Care Workers in the Australian Home Care Sector When Assisting People with Dementia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:438. [PMID: 36612758 PMCID: PMC9819805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with advancing dementia may be dependent on community services from home care workers and nurses to be supported at home. However, these care workers face difficulty undertaking their roles due to challenging behaviours or occupational violence. This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by home care workers and nurses working with people diagnosed with dementia in the community, to identify job demands contributing to their vulnerability to occupational violence, and to determine ways to help manage occupational violence. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study was conducted by interviewing 10 homecare workers and six registered nurses from agencies in South Australia and New South Wales, Australia. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and inductive thematic data analysis was conducted. RESULTS The following themes were identified: (i) sources of threats; (ii) categories of violent, threatening or challenging behaviour; (iii) aggravating factors; (iv) early warning signs; (v) education and training; (vi) managing occupational violence, (vii) resources, (viii) outcomes associated with exposure to occupational violence. CONCLUSION Serious issues were identified by participants, yet very little is known about occupational violence for these community care workers. Findings can inform what aspects of work design can be improved to moderate the effects of occupational violence exposure or mitigate rates of exposure, to enable long-term services for people with dementia.
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Medrano LVP, Loarte MAG, Visconti-Lopez FJ, Azañedo D, Vargas-Fernández R. Physical Violence during Pregnancy and Its Implications at Birth: Analysis of a Population Survey, 2019. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36611493 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical partner violence is widely recognized as a global health problem, especially in pregnant women. This study determines the association between physical violence during pregnancy in Peruvian women aged 15 to 49 years with low birth weight and abortion according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019. An analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on the data from the ENDES 2019. Two dependent variables referring to birth outcomes were included: abortion and low birth weight. The independent variable was physical violence during pregnancy by her current or former husband/partner. A total of 15,305 women were included in the study. The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was 6.43%. Regarding the adverse outcomes of pregnancy, the prevalences of abortion and low birth weight were 20.84% and 6.01%, respectively. Women suffering physical violence during pregnancy were more likely to have an abortion but not low birth weight. In conclusion, it was found that 6 in 100 Peruvian women of childbearing age were victims of violence during pregnancy. Likewise, it was observed that women who were victims of violence during pregnancy had a higher probability of having an abortion but not low birth weight.
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Thaci E, Sadriu B. Level of depression in primary and secondary school adolescents after COVID 19 in the municipality of Pristina. IFAC Pap OnLine 2022; 55:165-168. [PMID: 38620705 PMCID: PMC9764831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As adolescence is the most sensitive period of human development, characterized by many physical, psychological, cognitive and emotional changes that affect all adolescents, some more to some less also not forgetting that in recent years we have faced a difficult situation caused by COVID 19, a period of dealing with many health problems, loss of loved ones, closing schools and switching to online learning, isolation social. Our study is focused on adolescence and specifically depression in adolescents of lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools in the municipality of Pristina to know more closely the consequences of COVID 19 in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thaci
- University for Business and Technology - UBT, Kalabria, 10000 Pristina, Kosova
| | - B Sadriu
- University "Ukshin Hoti", Faculty of Education, Prizren, Kosova
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26
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Ouellet F, Hetroy E, Patard G, Gauthier-Davies C, Leclerc C. Co-Occurrence of Violence on the Severity of Abuse in Intimate Relationships. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP21927-NP21952. [PMID: 34969320 PMCID: PMC9679565 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211064238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several empirical studies have shown that women who experience violence in intimate personal relationships (IPV) commonly experience more than one form of violence. While it is recognized that individual trajectories of IPV vary over time, little is known about the temporal dynamics of this co-occurrence or its consequences. This study describes the different forms of violence experienced by women and looks at whether it is possible to predict when severe violence (physical and sexual) is most likely to occur. Data in the study comes from interviews with 70 women who had been victims of intimate partner violence. The life history calendar method was used to facilitate identifying kinds and levels of violence and the month in which violence took place. Individual victimization trajectories were found to be heterogenous and likely to change in the short term. The women in our sample experienced more than one form of intimate partner violence and co-occurrence of different forms of violence was common in individual trajectories. The characteristics of the kind of violence experienced were important in understanding the temporal aspects of acts of severe violence. The increased knowledge about patterns of violence provided by these results should help to develop better ways to intervene to prevent such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ouellet
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emeline Hetroy
- Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guisela Patard
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chloé Leclerc
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. A population-based study of homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation among young adults in Victoria, Australia. Aust J Soc Issues 2022; 57:762-782. [PMID: 36530738 PMCID: PMC9748854 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeless young adults are at increased risk for contact with the police and are overrepresented in the justice system. This study explored associations between homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal panel data gathered through young adulthood. Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 2884, 54% female). Participants were surveyed at age 21 years, with follow-up at ages 23 and 25 years. We examined changes in the prevalence of homelessness and tested hypothesised directional relationships between young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal cross-lagged panel models. Multiple-group modelling was used to test whether these relationships were moderated by gender. The prevalence of young adult homelessness was highest at age 21 (6.5%), declining at ages 23 (3.9%) and 25 years (2.5%). Results showed that young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and victimisation were related cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. Gender did not significantly moderate these associations. Findings suggest that the state of homelessness is associated with temporary vulnerability to potentially harmful and problematic situations involving antisocial behaviour and victimisation. These situations are likely to heighten risk for contact with the police and direct physical and psychological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Social WorkThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research GroupSchool of Social WorkUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - George C. Patton
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of PsychologyCentre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
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28
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Shanghvi D, Donaruma-Kwoh MM. Physical Abuse Creating Cauliflower Ear in an Infant: A Discussion of Mechanism and Review of the Literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:4033-4035. [PMID: 36742743 PMCID: PMC9895250 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated an infant with flagrantly abusive injury. However, he had a history of prior isolated ear hematoma that was not properly recognized as a sign of trauma, harshly illustrating a missed opportunity when early diagnosis may have prevented escalating abusive injury. In addition, we reviewed and summarized the last two decades of literature related to this topic to better understand previously described findings in similar populations; these were scant. This case report emphasizes the importance of detecting sentinel injuries that forebode child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Shanghvi
- Section of Public Health Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite A.2275, Houston, TX US
| | - M. M. Donaruma-Kwoh
- Section of Public Health Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite A.2275, Houston, TX US
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Velloza J, Davies LD, Ensminger AL, Theofelus FM, Andjamba H, Kamuingona R, Masseti G, Coomer R, Forster N, O’Malley G. Cycles of Violence Among Young Women in Namibia: Exploring the Links Between Childhood Violence and Adult Intimate Partner Violence From the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP22992-NP23014. [PMID: 35156448 PMCID: PMC9661872 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211073107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Violence against children is a global public health crisis and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. Childhood violence may also increase the risk of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. We aimed to understand cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia to inform violence prevention and treatment interventions. Methods: The 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) examined the prevalence of childhood violence and intimate partner violence among 18-24 year old adolescent girls and young women (N = 2434). Using the data, we assessed the prevalence of childhood violence, defined as any physical, sexual, or emotional violence victimization prior to age 18, and estimated the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) after age 18. We used a weighted logistic regression to assess whether childhood violence exposure was associated with subsequent experience of IPV after age 18. Results: Adolescent girls and young women in Namibia had a statistically significant higher odds of experiencing IPV if they had experienced any childhood violence including physical, sexual, and/or emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.93; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI: 1.64-5.23). IPV was also significantly associated with childhood physical (aOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07-3.05), sexual (aOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 2.54-5.67), or emotional (aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.18-4.86) violence when each were considered separately. We also observed a dose-response relationship between the number of types of childhood violence and IPV experience as a young adult. Conclusions: Childhood violence is a significant predictor of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. This analysis provides unique insights on cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia and points to the need for interventions during childhood to prevent violence against children and break this cycle among young women in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Velloza
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luke D. Davies
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison L. Ensminger
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Helena Andjamba
- Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, Government of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Rahimisa Kamuingona
- Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, Government of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Greta Masseti
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Coomer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Norbert Forster
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Gabrielle O’Malley
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
This article analyzes the relationship between various forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) and unmet need for family planning (FP) in South Asia. The data were obtained from the latest wave of the Demographic and Health Survey in Afghanistan, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. Binary logistic regression analyses show mixed results, with a significant association between at least one type of IPV and unmet need for FP in all countries under study, except Maldives. There were also contrasting findings on the IPV-unmet need nexus, with a positive sign in some but negative sign in others. Women who experienced physical violence were associated with a higher odds of having an unmet need in Pakistan, but the opposite was true in Afghanistan and Nepal. The odds of having an unmet need were higher among Indian women who experienced IPV (sexual and emotional). In Afghanistan, women who experienced IPV (physical and emotional) have lower odds of having an unmet need. However, the interaction analysis of IPV (physical and sexual) and partners' controlling behavior showed a positive association with unmet need. Policymakers need to develop policies and strategies to prevent IPV and reduce unmet need for FP, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh Yoong Hoo
- Department of Economics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Business and Economics, 37447Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siow Li Lai
- Department of Economics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Business and Economics, 37447Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kafle S, Paudel S, Thapaliya A, Acharya R. Workplace violence against nurses: a narrative review. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 8:421-424. [PMID: 36212701 PMCID: PMC9536186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Any harmful act Physical, sexual, or psychological committed against the nurses in the workplace by a patient or visitor is called workplace violence (WPV) against nurses. WPV is directly related to decreasing job satisfaction, burnout, humiliation, guilt, emotional stress, intention to quit a job, and increased staff turnover. The purpose of this narrative review is to explore the concept of WPV, its prevalence, consequences, influence on nursing, and strategies developed to prevent such incidences. WPV is not acceptable and, regardless of the culprit's physical or psychological status, should be held responsible for such a heinous crime. WPV can have a vastly negative impact on nurses. Unfortunately, violence in the workplace has become so common that it is now considered an unpleasant part of the job and ignored instead of being reported. Nurses should be educated appropriately on hospital policies against WPV and be encouraged to report any incidence. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS WPV is detrimental to nurse and patient's relationship which negatively affects patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kafle
- 1Fayetteville State University School of Nursing, Fayetteville, NC, 28301, USA,Corresponding author: Smita Kafle 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville, Fayetteville State University School of Nursing, NC 28301, USA,
| | - Swosti Paudel
- 2Kalgoorlie Health Campus, Kalgoorlie, WA, 6430, Australia
| | | | - Roshan Acharya
- 4Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, VA, 24014, USA
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32
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Zafar S, Zia S, Amir-Ud-Din R. Troubling Trade-offs Between Women's Work and Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From 19 Developing Countries. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP16180-NP16205. [PMID: 34098785 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211021961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The empirical link between women's employment status and their experience of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) is not very apparent. Using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 19 developing countries in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East, we found that working women were significantly more likely to experience IPV than their stay-at-home counterparts. Given the great diversity in women's employment with respect to economic returns and working conditions, we disaggregated women's employment into three categories vis-à-vis agriculture jobs (AJ), blue-collar jobs (BJ), and white-collar jobs (WJ). The disaggregated analysis revealed that women engaged in all three job categories were significantly more likely to experience IPV. After controlling for potential endogeneity of women's employment, we found that women's work increased the risk of less severe physical violence (LSPV) and emotional violence (EV) but reduced the risk of sexual violence (SV). Endogeneity-adjusted disaggregated analysis showed that women engaged in BJ and WJ faced an increased risk of LSPV but reduced risk of SV. In contrast, women undertaking AJ faced a smaller risk of severe physical violence (SPV) and SV. This study contradicts some long-held beliefs that women's work is a sufficient condition for protecting them from IPV. The public policy should not assume that women's earnings automatically protect them against the risk of IPV. While encouraging a greater female labor force participation rate is important in its own right, women's risk of IPV is context-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Zafar
- Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zia
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nnyombi A, Bukuluki P, Besigwa S, Ocaya-Irama J, Namara C, Cislaghi B. How social norms contribute to physical violence among ever-partnered women in Uganda: A qualitative study. Front Sociol 2022; 7:867024. [PMID: 36117885 PMCID: PMC9477001 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.867024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper contributes to the literature that studies how social norms sustain undesirable behavior. It establishes how norms contribute to intimate partner physical violence against women. First, norms organize physical violence as a domestic and private matter. Second, they organize physical violence as a constituent part of women's lives, thereby normalizing women's experience of abuse. Third, norms define appropriate boundaries within which male partners perpetrate violence. The findings draw essential information for social change interventions that target improvement in women's and girls' wellbeing. For social and behavioral programmes to change harmful norms, they have to deconstruct physical violence as a private matter, advance the de-normalization of physical violence, and dismantle acceptable boundaries within which violence happens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysious Nnyombi
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Bukuluki
- School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Beniamino Cislaghi
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Kiwuwa-Muyingo S, Kadengye DT. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Women's Reports of Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Analysis of Six East African National Surveys. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP7605-NP7631. [PMID: 33135545 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520969374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women, in all its forms, has been acknowledged as a violation of basic human rights and research evidence shows that it could lead to adverse health consequences. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and coexistence of different forms of IPV as well as examine individual-level factors associated with ever experiencing any form of IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey using the most recent Demographic Health Survey data from six East African countries. Results show that the prevalence ranged between 16.5% (Burundi) and 29.3% (Uganda) for emotional, 16.8% (Ethiopia) and 26.6% (Tanzania) for physical, and 8.3% (Rwanda and Ethiopia) and 18.4% (Burundi) for sexual IPV. The prevalence of any IPV ranged from 26.7% to 39.3%. In terms of coexistence, 15.6% to 19.0% of women reported experiencing all the three forms of IPV, with higher proportions reporting experiencing two of the three forms of IPV. The prevalence of both physical and emotional IPV was highest in Tanzania (49.1%), both emotional and sexual IPV in Uganda (28.0%), and both physical and sexual IPV in Burundi (26.2%). A partner's use of alcohol and a woman's justification of wife beating were both statistically significant common risk factors for IPV across the six countries. Women whose partners got drunk often were found to be up to nine times more likely to experience IPV compared to those whose partners did not drink. Younger women and those with larger families were at an increased risk of experiencing IPV, while other significant factors were country specific. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need for integrated and context-specific approaches that deconstruct gendered norms related to power dynamics and patriarchal nuances at household and community level in order to holistically address different forms of IPV.
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Wake AD, Kandula UR. The global prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 pandemic-"The shadow pandemic": A review of cross-sectional studies. Womens Health (Lond) 2022; 18:17455057221095536. [PMID: 35441537 PMCID: PMC9024155 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221095536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Globally, domestic violence affects women across their life span. Domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 is a critical and substantial public health issue. This review article was aimed to determine the prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19. Several studies showed that the prevalence of domestic violence against women and children has been alarmingly enlarged during this COVID-19. Domestic violence is a significant and essential problem that is occurring all over the world for many years now, but this condition has been augmented during the lockdown situation because of this pandemic. Women and children of the worldwide are facing twin health emergencies that are COVID-19 and domestic violence. The pandemic was found as a threat to commit domestic violence against women and children. This is because, even though the measurements taken to avoid COVID-19 spread are supportive strategies and also the only opportunity to do so, reducing the risk of COVID-19 was found to raise the risk of domestic violence against women and children. Factors associated with domestic violence against women and children were; being housewives, age < 30 years, marriage, husband's age being between 31 and 40 years, physical victimization, and sexual victimization were factors associated with domestic violence. Depression, spending more time in close contact, job losses, financial insecurity, lockdowns, addiction (alcohol or drugs), control of wealth in the family, technology, and quarantine were factors considered as risk factors for domestic violence. This review will serve as a "call to action" to address this crisis effectively by coming together since this crisis is the global aspect. This is a shadow pandemic growing during this COVID-19 crisis and a global collective effort is needed to prevent it. The life of women and children moves from their needs to their rights during this pandemic. It is essential to undertake urgent actions to intervene in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Addisu Dabi Wake, Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box: 193/04, Asella, Ethiopia.
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Kumari A, Sarkar S, Ranjan P, Chopra S, Kaur T, Baitha U, Chakrawarty A, Klanidhi KB. Interventions for workplace violence against health-care professionals: A systematic review. Work 2022; 73:415-427. [PMID: 35431213 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against health-care professionals has been a concern worldwide as it strains the relationship between the patient and healthcare professionals. Implementing mitigation interventions to help the healthcare professionals to prevent and manage these violent episodes might make the workplaces more secure. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize the recent evidence on intervention strategies for workplace violence. METHOD Four electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, Cochrane and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed intervention studies published in the last 11 years to mitigate workplace violence. A qualitative synthesis of the findings from included studies was done. RESULT A total of 17 studies were identified based on prevention and management of workplace violence. The interventions were mainly educational in nature based on a workshop format. These interventions were found to be effective in improving the perceived ability to deal with situations that lead to violence. CONCLUSION Strategies to mitigate violent episodes could be helpful to health-care professionals and administrators in their attempts to make safer workplaces in the health-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Chakrawarty
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Bandhu Klanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ayhan D, Mercan N, Doğan R, Yüksel Ç. The aggressive patient experiences of healthcare professionals exposed to physical violence in a psychiatric clinic: A phenomenological study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:501-508. [PMID: 34270096 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the experiences of healthcare professionals, exposed to physical violence, related to aggressive patients at a psychiatry service. DESIGN AND METHODS The qualitative study sample consisted of a total of 21 healthcare professionals. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Three themes, the effects of warning signs of violence, clinical management of violence, and effects of violence, and 13 sub-themes were determined. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The effects of physical violence on healthcare professionals can be seen and will contribute to planning in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ayhan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Mercan
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Doğan
- Department of Hematology, Gulhane Training and Research hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yüksel
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Miedema SS, Warner X, Leung L, Wilson M, Fulu E. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Men's Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in South Tarawa, Kiribati. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:362-369. [PMID: 35311366 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221085151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the Republic of Kiribati, two-thirds of women report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. Less is known about men's perpetration of IPV, or associated risk factors, in this high-prevalence setting. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 429 currently partnered men aged 15 to 49 in South Tarawa, Kiribati, to estimate the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, currently married men's perpetration of physical and sexual IPV against female partners. Two-thirds (63%) of currently partnered men reported past year physical and/or sexual IPV. Modifiable risk factors associated with men's perpetration of physical and/or sexual IPV included child physical abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.31, P = .01), gender inequitable attitudes (aOR: 1.12, P = .02), and antisocial behaviors, including gang involvement (aOR: 3.36, P = .01) and involvement in fights with weapons (aOR: 3.54, P = .004). Intimate partner violence prevention approaches in Kiribati should prioritize efforts to prevent child maltreatment, promote gender equitable norms and practices, and reduce community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xian Warner
- The Equality Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loksee Leung
- The Equality Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Emma Fulu
- The Equality Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Krishnamoorthy Y, Ganesh K. Prevalence and Determinants of Physical Violence and Its Impact on Birth Outcomes During Pregnancy in India: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:2615-2632. [PMID: 32659147 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520938509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Physical violence during pregnancy can have negative impact on health status of mother and fetus. Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of physical violence and its impact on birth outcomes during pregnancy in India. We have analyzed the most recent National Family Health Survey 4 data (NFHS-4) gathered from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) program. Stratification (urban/rural) and clustering (villages/census enumeration blocks [CEBs]) in the sample design was accounted using svyset command. In total, 62,165 ever pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years were included. Prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy in India was 3.3%. Husband/partner (2.7%) was the person most commonly responsible. Women who were widowed/separated/divorced (aPR = 1.88), belonging to the poorest quantile (aPR = 2.32), women who were employed (aPR = 1.42), women in the Southern states (aPR = 3.24), and women whose husband/partner has lesser educational qualification (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.02) had significantly higher prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy (p < .001). Women who faced physical violence had significantly higher proportion of miscarriage (4.3%), abortion (3.3%), and stillbirth (1.1%) when compared with women who did not face any violence (4.1% had miscarriage, 1.8% had abortion, and 0.5% had stillbirth; p < .001). These findings show the importance of providing general supportive measures and strengthen the existing punitive legislations to prevent the violence during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthika Ganesh
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Shahjalal M, Gow J, Alam MM, Ahmed T, Chakma SK, Mohsin FM, Hawlader MDH, Mahumud RA. Workplace Violence Among Health Care Professionals in Public and Private Health Facilities in Bangladesh. Int J Public Health 2022; 66:1604396. [PMID: 35035349 PMCID: PMC8759559 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1604396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV), its associated factors and explore the experiences of healthcare workers. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design used a nationally representative sample of 1,081 healthcare workers covering eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on WPV among healthcare workers. Results: Of the participants, 43% (468) experienced some form of WPV. Of those, 84% reported experiencing nonphysical violence, and 16% experienced physical violence in the past year. About 65% of victims claimed no action was taken to investigate the incident, and 44% reported no consequence for perpetrators. Four factors: being married (AOR = 1.63; CI: 1.12-2.39); public sector healthcare worker (AOR = 2.74; CI:1.99-3.76); working in an emergency department (AOR = 2.30; CI:1.03-5.12); and undertaking shift work (AOR = 1.52; CI: 1.10-2.11) were found to be significantly associated with WPV. One-third of the participants were worried about violence in their workplace. Conclusion: WPV is highly prevalent among healthcare workers in Bangladesh. Formal guidelines for reporting and managing WPV are urgently needed at the individual, hospital, and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjalal
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research Rats, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammad M Alam
- Research Rats, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Global Practice, The World Bank (Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research Rats, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samar K Chakma
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research Rats, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faroque M Mohsin
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research Rats, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad D H Hawlader
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul A Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, QLD, Australia
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41
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Tsukamoto SAS, Galdino MJQ, Barreto MFC, Martins JT. Burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing staff: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:101-107. [PMID: 34932780 PMCID: PMC9623842 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0068.r1.31052021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among healthcare professionals, nursing workers are the most prone to becoming victims of workplace violence and present the highest burnout levels. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing workers. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS This study involved 242 nursing workers. We collected data over a six-month period using a sociodemographic and occupational survey, the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. For occupational violence, we selected the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies and numerical variables in terms of central trend and dispersion measurements. For data analysis, we applied descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The multiple models indicated that the workers who had experienced verbal abuse, physical violence and concern about workplace violence over the past 12 months had significantly higher chances of presenting high emotional exhaustion (P < 0.05) and depersonalization (P < 0.05) and low professional accomplishment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Occurrence of violence significantly increased the chances of great emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low professional achievement, within burnout syndrome. Therefore, workplace violence prevention strategies need to be put in place to provide workers with a safe workplace in which to conduct their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlene Aparecida Scarpin Tsukamoto
- MSc. Nurse, Hospital Evangélico de Londrina, Londrina (PR), Brazil; and Member of the Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (NUESTUEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil.
| | - Maria José Quina Galdino
- PhD. Nurse and Adjunct Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes (PR), Brazil; and Coordinator, Study Group on Teaching, Health and Work, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes (PR), Brazil.
| | - Maynara Fernanda Carvalho Barreto
- PhD. Nurse and Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes (PR), Brazil; and Member of the Study Group on Teaching, Health and Work, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes (PR), Brazil.
| | - Júlia Trevisan Martins
- PhD. Nurse and Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil; and Coordinator, Study Group on Occupational Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil.
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Çelebi E, Pirincci E, Birsen Durmuş A. Exposure of married women to spousal violence: A community-based study in Eastern Turkey. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2022; 28:69-77. [PMID: 34967431 PMCID: PMC10443171 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.47012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women deprives women of their rights to enjoy equality, security, dignity, self-worth and fundamental freedoms and devalues them; is one of the most significant social facts that force women to exist at a lower social level than men and constitute a significant obstacle to the formation of healthy societies. This study was conducted to determine the status of exposure to spousal violence of 15 years and older married women living in the city center. METHODS Family health centers in Elazig Province were visited and 792 married women were selected from the related records by systematic sampling. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire form was used. The questionnaire consists of two parts. In the first part, participants were asked about demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, and profession, while in the second part, questions were asked to determine the extent of exposure to violence. Questionnaires were filled out using interview technique by making home visits. RESULTS It has been found that the low level of education of the wife and her spouse, perception of the economic situation of the family as being bad, and the fact that the woman does not work in an income-generating business can be an important factor in exposing to both physical violence and economic violence by her husband. CONCLUSION Conclusion: Rate of exposure to spousal violence is high in married women living in the city center of Elazig Province. Education and services should be provided for solving the problem at individual, familial, and social levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Çelebi
- Department of Midwifery, Fırat University Facuty of Health Sciences, Elazığ-Turkey
| | - Edibe Pirincci
- Department of Public Health, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ-Turkey
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Nhassengo SK, Matsinhe SO, Jethá E, Laflamme L. Circumstances and Consequences of Violence-Related Injuries Presenting at Hospital. A Study at the Pediatric Emergency and Forensic Medicine Units of Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12125. [PMID: 34831881 PMCID: PMC8625662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rates of violence against children are high in Sub-Saharan Africa and information is scarce on the resulting injuries. This study investigates sex-related differences in the circumstances and consequences of sexual and physical violence in the Mozambican context. Hospital records from 2019 at the pediatric emergency and forensic medicine units of Maputo Central Hospital were scrutinized using a standardized form. Of the 321 cases identified, 60% resulted from sexual violence. Girls represented 86.4% of the victims of sexual violence and boys, 66.1% of those from physical violence. Being injured in a familiar environment and by a parent, a relative, or someone known was strikingly common. The injury pattern varied by form of violence and sex of the child. About half of the injuries sustained by physical violence were minor/superficial. Severe injuries requiring hospitalization (33% in total) and some specialized care (27% in total) were mainly sustained by girl victims of sexual violence. While circumstances and consequences of violence-related injuries have several similarities, being severely injured is more typical of girl victims of sexual violence. Besides medical care, hospital services in Mozambique must be prepared to offer pediatric victims of violence the necessary social care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Keita Nhassengo
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique; (S.O.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Stela Ocuane Matsinhe
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique; (S.O.M.); (E.J.)
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
- Maputo Central Hospital, Forensic Medicine Service, Maputo 264, Mozambique
| | - Eunice Jethá
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique; (S.O.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Lucie Laflamme
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa
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Cprek SE, Fisher BS, McDonald MJ, McDaniel HM, Williamson L, Williams CM. Adverse childhood experiences and interpersonal violence among college students: does a relationship exist? J Am Coll Health 2021; 69:913-920. [PMID: 31995457 PMCID: PMC8893598 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1715413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has found women who experience eight or more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are 3.5 times as likely to be victims of adult IPV. This study examined the relationship between ACEs and IPV (physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and stalking) among college students. PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted among undergraduate students (N = 2,900) at two large, non-profit, public universities in the United States. METHODS Students completed a web-based survey addressing self-reported ACEs and violence that occurred within the current academic year. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ACEs and violence. RESULTS College students with higher ACE scores were more likely to experience violence. Students with ACE scores of four or higher were between 1.9-4.9 times more likely to experience violence. A dose response relationship was found between ACE score and experiences of violence. CONCLUSIONS Campus violence prevention programs may benefit from incorporating discussion of ACEs into programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cprek
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bonnie S Fisher
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Madelyn J McDonald
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Honour M McDaniel
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lucy Williamson
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Corrine M Williams
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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45
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van der Velden PG, Das M, Contino C, van der Knaap LM. From Health to Financial Problems: Multiproblems Among Victims of Partner and Non-Partner Physical Violence, and Matched Nonvictims. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:10527-10545. [PMID: 31686594 PMCID: PMC8581717 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519885915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that victims of partner physical violence (PPV) often face multiple distinct problems, but comparative population-based studies focusing on the prevalence of multiple problems are lacking. Aim of the present study is to gain insight in the prevalence of multiple problems among individuals victimized by PPV in the past 12 months, compared with matched nonvictims and victims of non-partner physical violence (non-PPV). For this purpose, data were extracted from two population-based surveys conducted in 2018 and 2019 on potentially traumatic events in the Netherlands. We focused on problems identified in previous studies on PPV and non-PPV and related problems, varying from physical health, mental health, financial and legal problems, to lack of social support and being exposed to other potentially traumatic and stressful life events (LFEs). In total, 49 respondents were victimized by PPV and 89 by non-PPV in the past 12 months. They were compared with pairwise matched groups not affected by any traumatic or stressful LFEs in this period (nPPV victims comparison group = 245, nnon-PPV comparison group = 445). Results showed that PPV victims significantly more often faced all 12 distinct problems than matched nonvictims (2.31 ≤ odds ratio [OR] ≤ 15.48) and non-PPV victims (2.12 ≤ OR ≤ 4.52). PPV victims more often had any problem than non-PPV victims (OR = 8.19), but no significant differences were found between PPV and non-PPV victims with regard to mental health problems. Findings stress the necessity of a multidisciplinary coordinated community response to help PPV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. van der Velden
- CentERdata, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Tiburg University’s Network on Health and Behavior (Nethlab), Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Peter G. van der Velden, CentERdata, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Das
- CentERdata, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Tiburg University’s Network on Health and Behavior (Nethlab), Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Contino
- Victim Support Foundation (Fonds Slachtofferhulp), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Leontien M. van der Knaap
- Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Justice, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Mundodan JM, K K L, Haveri SP. Prevalence of spousal violence among married women in a rural area in North Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2845-2852. [PMID: 34660416 PMCID: PMC8483127 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2313_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic violence has substantial public health consequences. More than one-third of women globally suffer from physical and sexual violence, mostly by an intimate partner with a lifetime prevalence of 10%-69%. In India, 28.8% of the ever-married women in the reproductive age group, reported domestic violence. Although Kerala, in southern India, performs better than other Indian states on a host of human development indicators for women, 15.8% among the women in this group have ever experienced physical or sexual violence in the past 12 months, the most common perpetrator being the husband. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the ever-married women, residing in a selected area of northern Kerala, who have been married for at least 1 year. One to one structured interview was conducted with a pretested structured questionnaire by the investigator. Spousal violence was defined as proportion of ever-married women with a lifetime experience of violence perpetrated by their spouse, manifested through acts of physical, sexual, and/or emotional violence, even threat. Results A total of 290 women were interviewed. The age of the participants ranged from 18 years to 64 years; majority were Muslims. Only 16.5% were college-educated and over 90% were homemakers. 29% reported having experienced spousal violence; with the most common being emotional violence (19%) closely followed by sexual violence (18.6%) and physical violence (14.8%). A little over one-third (39.7%) reported controlling behaviour of their husband. Age of the participant (P = 0.019), absence of social support (P = 0.034), employment status of husband (P = 0.026), controlling behaviour of husband (P < 0.001), alcohol abuse by husband (P = 0.004) and extra-marital relationship of spouse (P < 0.001) were found to have significant influence on spousal violence experience. Conclusion More than a quarter of the married women in this rural setting have experienced one or the other form of violence. Recommendation A multifaceted approach needs to be employed which takes into consideration legal measures, social sciences, women empowerment, mental health systems and educate the men to curb this menace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamiya K K
- Department of Community Medicine, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | - Sheela P Haveri
- Department of Community Medicine, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
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Malama K, Sagaon Teyssier L, Parker R, Tichacek A, Sharkey T, Kilembe W, Inambao M, Price MA, Spire B, Allen S. Client-Initiated Violence Against Zambian Female Sex Workers: Prevalence and Associations With Behavior, Environment, and Sexual History. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP9483-NP9500. [PMID: 31268388 PMCID: PMC8366593 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519860083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women is a known risk factor for HIV and affects female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa. Little is known about the magnitude and determinants of violence against FSW in Zambia, where HIV and gender-based violence prevalence are high. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using multivariable logistic regression, to determine the prevalence and correlates of client-initiated physical violence among 419 FSW in Lusaka and Ndola. The prevalence of client-initiated physical violence was 39%. The odds of violence were higher for FSW who: lived in Lusaka, recruited clients from the street, serviced clients in the clients' homes, had a physically forced sexual debut, and had a higher client volume. Our results call for safer working spaces for FSW and violence prevention interventions for their male clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalonde Malama
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Luis Sagaon Teyssier
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Rachel Parker
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amanda Tichacek
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tyronza Sharkey
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - William Kilembe
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mubiana Inambao
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Matt A Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Susan Allen
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Eriksen AMA, Melhus M, Jacobsen BK, Schei B, Broderstad AR. Intimate partner violence and its association with mental health problems: The importance of childhood violence - The SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:1179-1191. [PMID: 34192982 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211024481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS) among Sami and non-Sami and to explore whether the association between IPV and mental health is modified by exposure to childhood violence (CV). These issues are scarcely studied among the Sami. METHODS This study was based on the cross-sectional SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey, a part of the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Regions with Sami and Norwegian Populations (SAMINOR). Chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests were used to test differences between groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the association between IPV/CV and continuous scores of psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. RESULTS Experiences of IPV (emotional, physical, and/or sexual) were reported by 12.8% of women and 2.0% of men. A significantly higher proportion of Sami women reported exposure to emotional (12.4 v. 9.5%, p = 0.003), physical (11.6 v. 6.9%, p < 0.001), and any IPV (17.2 v. 11.8%, p < 0.001) compared to non-Sami women. There were no ethnic differences in sexual IPV among women (2%). Exposure to IPV was associated with a higher score of psychological distress and PTS and was highest among those exposed to both IPV and CV. CONCLUSIONS Sami women reported the highest prevalence of IPV. The association between IPV/CV and mental health problems did not differ by ethnicity or gender. The most severe mental health problems were observed for those who were exposed to both IPV and CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M A Eriksen
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health, NTNU, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav`s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
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Navarro-Mantas L, Velásquez MJ, Lemus SD, Megías JL. Prevalence and Sociodemographic Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP3547-NP3573. [PMID: 29897003 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518779065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women is currently one of the major problems in El Salvador. However, the country lacks existing data to address this issue. The recent coming into effect of the Ley Especial Integral para una Vida Libre de Violencia para las Mujeres (LEIV) [Comprehensive Law for a Life Free of Violence Against Women] urgently calls for the dimensions of the problem to be understood. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of physical, sexual, emotional, and controlling violence, which Salvadoran women aged 15 to 64 years suffer at the hands of their current partners or ex-partners, and the association of such violence with sociodemographic factors. The target population of the study is composed of Salvadoran women aged 15 to 64, from which a representative sample of 1,274 women was obtained. The results reveal that 54.4% of Salvadoran women reported having suffered some type of physical, sexual, or psychological violence during their lives. Psychological control (41.2%) was the most frequent form of violence, followed by emotional violence (39%), physical violence (22.5%), and sexual violence (13.3%). Women's number of children, marital status, and age were the main factors associated with violence. This study provides information needed to develop victim care measures and training programs for professionals. The study also provides evidence of the impact of public policies and prevention programs already in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navarro-Mantas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Spain
- Tecnological University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - Soledad de Lemus
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús L Megías
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Spain
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Samad N, Das P, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Frimpong JB, Okyere J, Hagan JE Jr, Nabi MH, Hawlader MDH. Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:294-302. [PMID: 34708813 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence has been associated with numerous consequences for women, including pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between predictive capacity of intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination among women in Armenia. The study analyzed the 2015-16 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) data on women aged 15-49 (Mean: 31.49; Standard Deviation, SD: 9.51). Marital control exercised by husbands, ever experienced physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence by husbands were the four indicators of intimate partner violence used in this study. To assess the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. After controlling for confounders, we found that women whose husbands exercised marital control were 26% more likely to experience pregnancy termination, compared to women whose husbands did not exercise marital control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.53). Women who ever experienced sexual violence were about 10 times likely to experience pregnancy termination than women who did not experience sexual violence (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 1.91-49.96). Both ever experienced physical violence and emotional violence did not have any significant associations with pregnancy termination. Forms of intimate partner violence are associated with pregnancy termination. The findings of this study provide evidence for government and policymakers to formulate, modify, and implement policies and program that target both men and women regarding the prevailing intimate partner violence and its consequences. Strengthening the policy implementation will ensure that women are empowered to make decisions about their reproductive health. Making husbands and their family members aware of the basics and consequences of intimate partner violence and focusing on child cognitive development which can be hampered due to the prevalence violence in families are recommended.
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