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Nguyen TA, Hoang T, Nguyen TT, Jeong C, Tran TV, Choi MG, Lee C. Substitution of acidic residues near the catalytic Glu131 leads to human HYAL1 activity at neutral pH via charge-charge interactions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308370. [PMID: 39121049 PMCID: PMC11315327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) and PH20 play vital roles in degrading hyaluronic acids through the substrate-assisted double displacement mechanism. While HYAL1, a lysosomal enzyme, functions optimally under acidic conditions, PH20, a sperm surface hyaluronidase, displays a broader pH range, from acidic to neutral. Our objective was to extend HYAL1's pH range towards neutral pH by introducing repulsive charge-charge interactions involving the catalytic Glu131, increasing its pKa as the proton donor. Substituting individual acidic residues in the β3-loop (S77D), β3'-β3″ hairpin (T86D and P87E), and at Ala132 (A132D and A132E) enabled HYAL1 to demonstrate enzyme activity at pH 7, with the mutants S77D, P87E, and A132E showing the highest activity in the substrate gel assay. However, double and triple substitutions, including S77D/T86D/A132E as found in the PH20 configuration, did not result in enhanced activity compared to single substitutions. Conversely, PH20 mutants with non-acidic substitutions, such as D94S in the β3-loop and D103T in the β3'-β3″ hairpin, significantly reduced activity within the pH range of 4 to 7. However, the PH20 mutant E149A, reciprocally substituted compared to A132E in HYAL1, exhibited activity similar to PH20 wild-type (WT) at pH 7. In a turbidimetric assay, HYAL1 mutants with single acidic substitutions exhibited activity similar to that of PH20 WT at pH 7. These results suggest that substituting acidic residues near Glu131 results in HYAL1 activity at neutral pH through electrostatic repulsion. This study highlights the significance of charge-charge interactions in both HYAL1 and PH20 in regulating the pH-dependent activity of hyaluronidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Anh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Trang Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Thu-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - ChanSu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Trang Van Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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2
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Roldán-Padrón O, Cruz-Pérez MS, Castro-Guillén JL, García-Arredondo JA, Mendiola-Olaya E, Saldaña-Gutiérrez C, Herrera-Paniagua P, Blanco-Labra A, García-Gasca T. Hybridization between Crotalus aquilus and Crotalus polystictus Species: A Comparison of Their Venom Toxicity and Enzymatic Activities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:661. [PMID: 35625389 PMCID: PMC9138290 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is defined as the interbreeding of individuals from two populations distinguishable by one or more heritable characteristics. Snake hybridization represents an interesting opportunity to analyze variability and how genetics affect the venom components between parents and hybrids. Snake venoms exhibit a high degree of variability related to biological and biogeographical factors. The aim of this work is to analyze the protein patterns and enzymatic activity of some of the main hemotoxic enzymes in snake venoms, such as serine proteases (trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and elastase-like), metalloproteases, hyaluronidases, and phospholipase A2. The lethal dose of 50 (LD50) of venom from the Crotalus aquilus (Cabf) and Crotalus polystictus (Cpbm) parents and their hybrids in captivity was determined, and phenetic analysis is also conducted, which showed a high similarity between the hybrids and C. polystictus. The protein banding patterns and enzymatic activity analyze by zymography resulted in a combination of proteins from the parental venoms in the hybrids, with variability among them. In some cases, the enzymatic activity is higher in the hybrids with a lower LD50 than in the parents, indicating higher toxicity. These data show the variability among snake venoms and suggest that hybridization is an important factor in changes in protein concentration, peptide variability, and enzymatic activity that affect toxicity and lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Roldán-Padrón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecuar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico; (O.R.-P.); (M.S.C.-P.); (C.S.-G.); (P.H.-P.)
| | - Martha Sandra Cruz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecuar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico; (O.R.-P.); (M.S.C.-P.); (C.S.-G.); (P.H.-P.)
| | - José Luis Castro-Guillén
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Gto, Mexico; (J.L.C.-G.); (E.M.-O.)
| | - José Alejandro García-Arredondo
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, Queretaro 76010, Qro, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Mendiola-Olaya
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Gto, Mexico; (J.L.C.-G.); (E.M.-O.)
| | - Carlos Saldaña-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecuar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico; (O.R.-P.); (M.S.C.-P.); (C.S.-G.); (P.H.-P.)
| | - Patricia Herrera-Paniagua
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecuar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico; (O.R.-P.); (M.S.C.-P.); (C.S.-G.); (P.H.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Blanco-Labra
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Gto, Mexico; (J.L.C.-G.); (E.M.-O.)
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecuar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico; (O.R.-P.); (M.S.C.-P.); (C.S.-G.); (P.H.-P.)
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3
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Zhao B, Qi L, Tai W, Zhao M, Chen X, Yu L, Shi J, Wang X, Lin JM, Hu Q. Paper-Based Flow Sensor for the Detection of Hyaluronidase via an Enzyme Hydrolysis-Induced Viscosity Change in a Polymer Solution. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4643-4649. [PMID: 35258931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (HAase) is implicated in inflammation, cancer development, and allergic reaction. The detection of HAase is significantly important in clinical diagnosis and medical treatment. Herein, we propose a new principle for the development of equipment-free and label-free paper-based flow sensors based on the enzymatic hydrolysis-induced viscosity change in a stimuli-responsive polymer solution, which increases the water flow distance on the pH indicator paper. The detection of HAase is demonstrated as an example. This facile and versatile method can overcome the potential drawbacks of traditional hydrogel-based sensors, including complex preparation steps, slow response time, or low sensitivity. Moreover, it can also avoid the use of specialized instruments, labeled molecules, or functionalized nanoparticles in the sensors developed using the polymer solutions. Using this strategy, the detection of HAase is achieved with a limit of detection as low as 0.2 U/mL. Also, it works well in human urine. Additionally, the detection of tannic acid, which is an inhibitor of HAase, is also fulfilled. Overall, a simple, efficient, high-throughput, and low-cost detection method is developed for the rapid and quantitative detection of HAase and its inhibitor without the use of labeled molecules, synthetic particles, and specialized instruments. As only minimal reagents of HAase, HA, and paper are used, it is very promising in the development of commercial kits for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
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4
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The Degradation of Hyaluronan in the Skin. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020251. [PMID: 35204753 PMCID: PMC8961566 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) comprises a fundamental component of the extracellular matrix and participates in a variety of biological processes. Half of the total amount of HA in the human body is present in the skin. HA exhibits a dynamic turnover; its half-life in the skin is less than one day. Nevertheless, the specific participants in the catabolism of HA in the skin have not yet been described in detail, despite the essential role of HA in cutaneous biology. A deeper knowledge of the processes involved will act to support the development of HA-based topical and implantable materials and enhance the understanding of the various related pathological cutaneous conditions. This study aimed to characterize the distribution and activity of hyaluronidases and the other proteins involved in the degradation of HA in healthy human full-thickness skin, the epidermis and the dermis. Hyaluronidase activity was detected for the first time in healthy human skin. The degradation of HA occurred in lysates at an acidic pH. HA gel zymography revealed a single band corresponding to approximately 50 kDa. This study provided the first comprehensive view of the distribution of canonic HA-degrading proteins (HYAL1 and HYAL2) in human skin employing IHF and IHC. Furthermore, contrary to previous assumptions TMEM2, a novel hyaluronidase, as well as CEMIP, a protein involved in HA degradation, were localized in the human epidermis, as well as in the dermis.
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5
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Sliadovskii D, Ponomareva T, Molchanov M, Pozdnyakova-Filatova I, Timchenko M, Marchenkov V, Gusev O, Sogorin E. β-elimination of hyaluronate by red king crab hyaluronidase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22600. [PMID: 34799594 PMCID: PMC8604925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean hyaluronidases are poorly understood both in terms of their enzymatic properties and in terms of their structural features. In this work, we show that the hepatopancreas homogenate of the red king crab has a hyaluronidase activity that is an order of magnitude higher than its commercial counterpart. Zymography revealed that the molecular weight of a protein with hyalorunidase activity is 40-50 kDa. Analysis of the hepatopancreas transcriptome and results of cloning and sequencing of cDNA revealed a hyaluronidase sequence with an expected molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. Further analysis showed that hyaluronat enzymatic cleavage follows the [Formula: see text]-elimination mechanism, which is well known for bacterial hyaluronidases. The results of ion-exchange chromatography showed that the final product of hyaluronate degradation is unsaturated tetrasaccharide. Thus, we identified a new hyaluronidase of higher eukaryotes, which is not integrated into the modern classification of hyaluronidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Sliadovskii
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Tatyana Ponomareva
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Maxim Molchanov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the RAS, Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Irina Pozdnyakova-Filatova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | - Maria Timchenko
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290
| | | | - Oleg Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420012
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo , 113-8421, Japan
| | - Evgeny Sogorin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
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6
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Nantarat N, Mueller M, Lin WC, Lue SC, Viernstein H, Chansakaow S, Sirithunyalug J, Leelapornpisid P. Sesaminol diglucoside isolated from black sesame seed cake and its antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Snake Venom Hemotoxic Enzymes: Biochemical Comparison between Crotalus Species from Central Mexico. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081489. [PMID: 31014025 PMCID: PMC6514926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a serious medical problem in different areas of the world. In Latin America, the major prevalence is due to snakes of the family Viperidae, where rattlesnakes (Crotalus) are included. They produce hemotoxic venom which causes bleeding, tissue degradation and necrosis. Each venom has several enzymatic activities, producing different effects in the envenoming, doing its clinical effects difficult to study. Comparison between venom molecules is also difficult when different techniques are used, and therefore, their identification/characterization using the same methodology is necessary. In this work, a general biochemical characterization in snake venom of serine proteases (SVSP), phospholipases A2 (PLA2), metalloproteases (SVMP) and hyaluronidases (SVH) of Crotalus aquilus (Ca), Crotalus polystictus (Cp) and Crotalus molossus nigrescens (Cmn) was done. Differences in protein pattern, enzyme content and enzymatic activities were observed. All the venoms showed high PLA2 activity, high molecular weight SVSP, and a wide variety of SVMP and SVH forms. Ca and Cp showed the highest enzymatic activities of SVMP and SVSP trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like, whereas Cmn showed the highest SVH and similar PLA2 activity with Ca. All the venoms showed peptides with similar molecular weight to crotamine-like myotoxins. No previous biochemical characterization of C. aquilus has been reported and there are no previous analyses that include these four protein families in these Crotalus venoms.
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8
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Fayad S, Morin P, Nehmé R. Use of chromatographic and electrophoretic tools for assaying elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase activity. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1529:1-28. [PMID: 29132826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase, are very interesting enzymes due to their direct implication in skin aging and as therapeutic hits. Different techniques can be used to study these enzymes and to evaluate the influence of effectors on their kinetics. Nowadays, analytical techniques have become frequently used tools for miniaturizing enzyme assays. The main intention of this article is to review chromatographic and electrophoretic tools that study the four enzymes above mentioned. More specifically, the use of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and their derivative techniques for monitoring these enzymes will be investigated. The advantages and limitations of these assays will also be discussed. The original use of microscale thermophoresis and thin layer chromatography in this domain will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syntia Fayad
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France.
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9
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Patil S, Chaudhari B. A simple, rapid and sensitive plate assay for detection of microbial hyaluronidase activity. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:358-361. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; R.C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College; Shirpur India
| | - Bhushan Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology; School of Life Sciences; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon India
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10
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Puissant E, Boonen M. Monocytes/Macrophages Upregulate the Hyaluronidase HYAL1 and Adapt Its Subcellular Trafficking to Promote Extracellular Residency upon Differentiation into Osteoclasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165004. [PMID: 27755597 PMCID: PMC5068775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant bone-resorbing cells originating from monocytes/macrophages. During their differentiation, they overexpress two lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin K and TRAP, which are secreted into the resorption lacuna, an acidified sealed area in contact with bone matrix where bone degradation takes place. Here we report that the acid hydrolase HYAL1, a hyaluronidase able to degrade the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate, is also upregulated upon osteoclastogenesis. The mRNA expression and protein level of HYAL1 are markedly increased in osteoclasts differentiated from RAW264.7 mouse macrophages or primary mouse bone marrow monocytes compared to these precursor cells. As a result, the HYAL1-mediated HA hydrolysis ability of osteoclasts is strongly enhanced. Using subcellular fractionation, we demonstrate that HYAL1 proteins are sorted to the osteoclast lysosomes even though, in contrast to cathepsin K and TRAP, HYAL1 is poorly mannose 6-phosphorylated. We reported previously that macrophages secrete HYAL1 proforms by constitutive secretion, and that these are recaptured by the cell surface mannose receptor, processed in endosomes and sorted to lysosomes. Present work highlights that osteoclasts secrete HYAL1 in two ways, through lysosomal exocytosis and constitutive secretion, and that these cells promote the extracellular residency of HYAL1 through downregulation of the mannose receptor. Interestingly, the expression of the other main hyaluronidase, HYAL2, and of lysosomal exoglycosidases involved in HA degradation, does not increase similarly to HYAL1 upon osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, these findings point out the predominant involvement of HYAL1 in bone HA metabolism and perhaps bone remodeling via the resorption lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Puissant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique - URPhyM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marielle Boonen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique - URPhyM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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11
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Decreased hyaluronan concentration during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Eur J Ophthalmol 2016; 26:633-638. [PMID: 27198637 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the concentration and molecular weight of hyaluronan (HA) polysaccharides as well as hyaluronidase activity in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS Twenty vitreous samples from 20 patients with RRD and 19 samples from 19 patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane, macular hole, or vitreomacular traction syndrome were collected during surgical management with pars plana vitrectomy. The molecular weight of various HA fragments was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for the measurement of HA (in μg/mL). Hyaluronidase activity was evaluated using substrate (HA) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the vitreous of the control group contained HA of high molecular mass, in contrast with the patient group. Mean HA concentration in the patient group was 50.96 μg/mL and differed significantly from that of the control group, which was 271.81 μg/mL (p<0.0005). Hyaluronidase activity was significantly higher in the vitreous of patients with RRD (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The vitreous of patients with RRD is characterized by decreased HA concentration compared to controls of the same age and sex and shows higher hyaluronidase catalytic activity. Hyaluronan degradation could be associated with specific vitreous alterations that potentially contribute to retinal break formation and consequently detachment.
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12
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Pavan M, Beninatto R, Galesso D, Panfilo S, Vaccaro S, Messina L, Guarise C. A new potential spreading factor: Streptomyces koganeiensis hyaluronidase. A comparative study with bovine testes hyaluronidase and recombinant human hyaluronidase of the HA degradation in ECM. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:661-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Modelski MJ, Menlah G, Wang Y, Dash S, Wu K, Galileo DS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Hyaluronidase 2: a novel germ cell hyaluronidase with epididymal expression and functional roles in mammalian sperm. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:109. [PMID: 25232017 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To initiate the crucial cell adhesion events necessary for fertilization, sperm must penetrate extracellular matrix barriers containing hyaluronic acid (HA), a task thought to be accomplished by neutral-active hyaluronidases. Here we report that the ~57 kDa hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) that in somatic tissues has been highly characterized to be acid-active is present in mouse and human sperm, as detected by Western blot, flow cytometric, and immunoprecipitation assays. Immunofluorescence revealed its presence on the plasma membrane over the acrosome, the midpiece, and proximal principal piece in mice where protein fractionation demonstrated a differential distribution in subcellular compartments. It is significantly more abundant in the acrosome-reacted (P = 0.04) and soluble acrosomal fractions (P = 0.006) (microenvironments where acid-active hyaluronidases function) compared to that of the plasma membrane where neutral hyaluronidases mediate cumulus penetration. Using HA substrate gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitated HYAL 2 was shown to have catalytic activity at pH 4.0. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation assays reveal that HYAL2 is associated with its cofactor, CD44, consistent with CD44-dependent HYAL2 activity. HYAL2 is also present throughout the epididymis, where Hyal2 transcripts were detected, and in the epididymal luminal fluids. In vitro assays demonstrated that HYAL2 can be acquired on the sperm membrane from epididymal luminal fluids, suggesting that it plays a role in epididymal maturation. Because similar biphasic kinetics are seen for HYAL2 and SPAM1 (Sperm adhesion molecule 1), it is likely that HYAL2 plays a redundant role in the catalysis of megadalton HA to its 20 kDa intermediate during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Modelski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Gladys Menlah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Yipei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Soma Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Kathie Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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N-glycosylation is required for secretion and enzymatic activity of human hyaluronidase1. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:554-9. [PMID: 25009769 PMCID: PMC4087149 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidase1 (HYAL1) is N-glycosylated at Asn99, Asn216, and Asn350. N-glycosylation regulates secretion of HYAL1. N-glycosylation is important for enzymatic activity of HYAL1.
Hyaluronidase1 (HYAL1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) and has three predicted N-glycosylation sites at Asn99, Asn216, and Asn350. In this report, we show the functional significance of N-glycosylation on HYAL1 functions. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that HYAL1 was N-glycosylated at the three asparagine residues. N-glycosylation of HYAL1 is important for secretion of HYAL1, as demonstrated by site-directed mutation. Moreover, a defect of N-glycosylation attenuated the enzymatic activity of HYAL1. Thus, HYAL1 is N-glycosylated at the three asparagine residues, and its secretion and enzymatic activity are regulated by N-glycosylation.
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GOTO YUKI, NIWA YUKI, SUZUKI TAKEHIRO, DOHMAE NAOSHI, UMEZAWA KAZUO, SIMIZU SIRO. C-mannosylation of human hyaluronidase 1: Possible roles for secretion and enzymatic activity. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:344-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mouse liver lysosomes contain enzymatically active processed forms of Hyal-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Puissant E, Gilis F, Dogné S, Flamion B, Jadot M, Boonen M. Subcellular trafficking and activity of Hyal-1 and its processed forms in murine macrophages. Traffic 2014; 15:500-15. [PMID: 24502338 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronidase Hyal-1 is an acid hydrolase that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix. It is often designated as a lysosomal protein. Yet few data are available on its intracellular localization and trafficking. We demonstrate here that in RAW264.7 murine macrophages, Hyal-1 is synthesized as a glycosylated precursor that is only weakly mannose 6-phosphorylated. Nevertheless, this precursor traffics to endosomes, via a mannose 6-phosphate-independent secretion/recapture mechanism that involves the mannose receptor. Once in endosomes, it is processed into a lower molecular mass form that is transported to lysosomes, where its activity could be detected using native gel zymography. Indeed, this activity co-distributed with lysosomal hydrolases in the densest fraction of a self-forming Percoll(TM) density gradient. Moreover, it shifted toward the lower density region, in parallel with those hydrolases, when a decrease of lysosomal density was induced by the endocytosis of sucrose. Interestingly, the activity of the processed form of Hyal-1 was largely underestimated when assayed by zymography after SDS-PAGE and subsequent renaturation of the proteins, by contrast to the full-length protein that could efficiently degrade HA in those conditions. These results suggest that noncovalent associations support the lysosomal activity of Hyal-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Puissant
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Nossier AI, Eissa S, Ismail MF, Hamdy MA, Azzazy HMES. Direct detection of hyaluronidase in urine using cationic gold nanoparticles: a potential diagnostic test for bladder cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:7-14. [PMID: 24240162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (HAase) was reported as a urinary marker of bladder cancer. In this study, a simple colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of urinary HAase activity. Charge interaction between polyanionic hyaluronic acid (HA) and cationic AuNPs stabilized with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) led to formation of gold aggregates and a red to blue color shift. HAase digests HA into small fragments preventing the aggregation of cationic AuNPs. The nonspecific aggregation of AuNPs in urine samples was overcome by pre-treatment of samples with the polycationic chitosan that was able to agglomerate all negatively charged interfering moieties before performing the assay. The developed AuNP assay was compared with zymography for qualitative detection of urinary HAase activity in 40 bladder carcinoma patients, 11 benign bladder lesions patients and 15 normal individuals, the assay sensitivity was 82.5% vs. 65% for zymography, while the specificity for both assays was 96.1%. The absorption ratio, A530/A620 of the reacted AuNP solution was used to quantify the HAase activity. The best cut off value was 93.5 μU/ng protein, at which the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity was 80.8%.The developed colorimetric AuNP HAase assay is simple, inexpensive, and can aid noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim Nossier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Eissa
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Fouad Ismail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry & Yousef Jameel Science & Technology Research Center, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Citalingam K, Zareen S, Shaari K, Ahmad S. Effects of Payena dasyphylla (Miq.) on hyaluronidase enzyme activity and metalloproteinases protein expressions in interleukin-1β stimulated human chondrocytes cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:213. [PMID: 23971790 PMCID: PMC3848702 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronidases have been found as the target enzymes in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) disease. While there is still no curative treatment for this disease, recent studies on the treatment of OA were focused on the effectiveness of natural products which are expected to improve the symptoms with minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to screen selected Malaysian plants on their anti-hyaluronidase activity as well as to evaluate the active plant and its derived fractions on its potential anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities. METHODS A total of 20 methanolic crude extracts (bark and leaf) from ten different plants were screened using a colorimetric hyaluronidase enzymatic assay. The active plant extract (Payena dasyphylla) was then studied for its hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated human chondrocytes cell line (NHAC-kn) using zymography method. The Payena dasyphylla methanolic bark extract was then fractionated into several fractions in where the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on the HYAL1 and HYAL2 gene expressions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. While the MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expressions were evaluated using western blot method. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the three fractions as well as the antioxidant property of the EA fraction were also evaluated. RESULTS Bark extract of Payena dasyphylla (100 μg/ml) showed the highest inhibitory activity against bovine testicular hyaluronidase with 91.63%. The plant extract also inhibited hyaluronidase expression in the cultured human chondrocyte cells in response to IL-1β (100 ng/ml). Similarly, treatment with Payena dasyphylla ethyl acetate (EA) fraction (100 μg/ml) inhibited the HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNA gene expressions as well as MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. Payena dasyphylla EA fraction has demonstrated the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid content with 168.62 ± 10.93 mg GAE/g and 95.96 ± 2.96 mg RE/g respectively as compared to water and hexane fractions. In addition, the Payena dasyphylla EA fraction showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value of 11.64 ± 1.69 μg/mL. CONCLUSION These findings have shown that Payena dasyphylla might contained potential phenolic compounds that inhibiting the key enzyme in osteoarthritis development, which is the hyaluronidase enzyme through interruption of HYAL1 and HYAL1 gene expressions. The degradation of cartilage could also be inhibited by the plant through suppression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expressions. We also reported that the inhibitory effect of Payena dasyphylla on hyaluronidase activity and expression might be due to its anti-oxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Citalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ashkavand Z, Malekinejad H, Mirza Aghazadeh A, Aghazade Attari J, Vishwanath BS. Potentiality and safety assessment of combination therapy with silymarin and celecoxib in osteoarthritis of rat model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Hyaluronan is a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prominent in the extracellular matrix. Emerging relatively late in evolution, it may have evolved to evade immune recognition. Chondroitin is a more ancient GAG and a possible hyaluronan precursor. Epimerization of a 4-hydroxyl in N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin to N-acetylglucosamine of hyaluronan is the only structural difference other than chain length between these two polymers. The axial 4-hydroxyl group extends out perpendicular from the equatorial plane of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin. We suspect that this hydroxyl is a prime target for immune recognition. Conversion of a thumbs-up hydroxyl group into a thumbs-down position in the plane of the sugar endows hyaluronan with the ability to avoid immune recognition. Chitin is another potential precursor to hyaluronan. But regardless whether of chondroitin or of chitin origin, an ancient chondroitinase enzyme sequence seems to have been commandeered to catalyze the cleavage of the new hyaluronan substrate. The evolution of six hyaluronidase-like sequences in the human genome from a single chondroitinase as found in Caenorhabditis elegans can now be traced. Confirming our previous predictions, two duplication events occurred, with three hyaluronidase-like sequences occurring in the genome of Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), the earliest known chordate. This was probably followed by en masse duplication, with six such genes present in the genome of zebra fish onwards. These events occurred, however, much earlier than predicted. It is also apparent on an evolutionary time scale that in several species, this gene family is continuing to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20053, USA
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Hyaluronan (HA) interacting proteins RHAMM and hyaluronidase impact prostate cancer cell behavior and invadopodia formation in 3D HA-based hydrogels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50075. [PMID: 23166824 PMCID: PMC3500332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the individual functions of hyaluronan interacting proteins in prostate cancer (PCa) motility through connective tissues, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel assay that provides a flexible, quantifiable, and physiologically relevant alternative to current methods. Invasion in this system reflects the prevalence of HA in connective tissues and its role in the promotion of cancer cell motility and tissue invasion, making the system ideal to study invasion through bone marrow or other HA-rich connective tissues. The bio-compatible cross-linking process we used allows for direct encapsulation of cancer cells within the gel where they adopt a distinct, cluster-like morphology. Metastatic PCa cells in these hydrogels develop fingerlike structures, “invadopodia”, consistent with their invasive properties. The number of invadopodia, as well as cluster size, shape, and convergence, can provide a quantifiable measure of invasive potential. Among candidate hyaluronan interacting proteins that could be responsible for the behavior we observed, we found that culture in the HA hydrogel triggers invasive PCa cells to differentially express and localize receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM)/CD168 which, in the absence of CD44, appears to contribute to PCa motility and invasion by interacting with the HA hydrogel components. PCa cell invasion through the HA hydrogel also was found to depend on the activity of hyaluronidases. Studies shown here reveal that while hyaluronidase activity is necessary for invadopodia and inter-connecting cluster formation, activity alone is not sufficient for acquisition of invasiveness to occur. We therefore suggest that development of invasive behavior in 3D HA-based systems requires development of additional cellular features, such as activation of motility associated pathways that regulate formation of invadopodia. Thus, we report development of a 3D system amenable to dissection of biological processes associated with cancer cell motility through HA-rich connective tissues.
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Hyaluronidases Have Strong Hydrolytic Activity toward Chondroitin 4-Sulfate Comparable to that for Hyaluronan. Biomolecules 2012; 2:549-63. [PMID: 24970149 PMCID: PMC4030862 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the mechanism underlying the catabolism of CS is not well understood. Hyaluronan (HA)-degrading enzymes, the hyaluronidases, are assumed to act at the initial stage of the degradation process, because HA is similar in structure to nonsulfated CS, chondroitin (Chn). Although human hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) and testicular hyaluronidase (SPAM1) can degrade not only HA but also CS, they are assumed to digest CS to only a limited extent. In this study, the hydrolytic activities of HYAL1 and SPAM1 toward CS-A, CS-C, Chn, and HA were compared. HYAL1 depolymerized CS-A and HA to a similar extent. SPAM1 degraded CS-A, Chn, and HA to a similar extent. CS is widely distributed from very primitive organisms to humans, whereas HA has been reported to be present only in vertebrates with the single exception of a mollusk. Therefore, a genuine substrate of hyaluronidases appears to be CS as well as HA.
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Contact sensitizers induce skin inflammation via ROS production and hyaluronic acid degradation. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 22848468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041340]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represents a severe health problem with increasing worldwide prevalence. It is a T cell-mediated skin disease induced by protein-reactive organic and inorganic chemicals. A key feature of contact allergens is their ability to trigger an innate immune response that leads to skin inflammation. Previous evidence from the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model suggests a role for endogenous activators of innate immune signaling. Here, we analyzed the role of contact sensitizer induced ROS production and concomitant changes in hyaluronic acid metabolism on CHS responses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed in vitro and in vivo ROS production using fluorescent ROS detection reagents. HA fragmentation was determined by gel electrophoresis. The influence of blocking ROS production and HA degradation by antioxidants, hyaluronidase-inhibitor or p38 MAPK inhibitor was analyzed in the murine CHS model. Here, we demonstrate that organic contact sensitizers induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concomitant breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronic acid (HA) to pro-inflammatory low molecular weight fragments in the skin. Importantly, inhibition of either ROS-mediated or enzymatic HA breakdown prevents sensitization as well as elicitation of CHS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data identify an indirect mechanism of contact sensitizer induced innate inflammatory signaling involving the breakdown of the ECM and generation of endogenous danger signals. Our findings suggest a beneficial role for anti-oxidants and hyaluronidase inhibitors in prevention and treatment of ACD.
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Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 4:253-8. [PMID: 23467280 PMCID: PMC3583886 DOI: 10.4161/derm.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SKIN AGING IS A MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESS CONSISTING OF TWO DISTINCT AND INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS: intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Youthful skin retains its turgor, resilience and pliability, among others, due to its high content of water. Daily external injury, in addition to the normal process of aging, causes loss of moisture. The key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronic acid (HA) that has unique capacity in retaining water. There are multiple sites for the control of HA synthesis, deposition, cell and protein association and degradation, reflecting the complexity of HA metabolism. The enzymes that synthesize or catabolize HA and HA receptors responsible for many of the functions of HA are all multigene families with distinct patterns of tissue expression. Understanding the metabolism of HA in the different layers of the skin and the interactions of HA with other skin components will facilitate the ability to modulate skin moisture in a rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research-Pneumology; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | - George Karakiulakis
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki, Greece
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Urinary retinoic acid receptor-β2 gene promoter methylation and hyaluronidase activity as noninvasive tests for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:402-7. [PMID: 22286019 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the significance of urinary retinoic acid receptor-β2 (RAR-β2) gene promoter methylation and hyaluronidase activity in comparison with voided urine cytology (VUC) in diagnosis of bladder cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 100 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, 65 patients with benign urological disorders and 51 healthy volunteers. Urine supernatant was used for determining hyaluronidase activity by zymography while urine sediment was used for cytology and detection of methylated RAR-β2 gene promoter by methylation specific nested PCR. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity were 53% and 90.5% for VUC, 65% and 89.7% for percent methylation fraction of RAR-β2 gene promoter, and 89% and 90.5% for hyaluronidase activity; combination of the three parameters increased sensitivity to 95%. A significant association was observed between investigated markers and advanced grade tumor. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of RAR-β2 gene promoter methylation, hyaluronidase activity and VUC is promising non-invasive tool for bladder cancer detection.
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Esser PR, Wölfle U, Dürr C, von Loewenich FD, Schempp CM, Freudenberg MA, Jakob T, Martin SF. Contact sensitizers induce skin inflammation via ROS production and hyaluronic acid degradation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41340. [PMID: 22848468 PMCID: PMC3405137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represents a severe health problem with increasing worldwide prevalence. It is a T cell-mediated skin disease induced by protein-reactive organic and inorganic chemicals. A key feature of contact allergens is their ability to trigger an innate immune response that leads to skin inflammation. Previous evidence from the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model suggests a role for endogenous activators of innate immune signaling. Here, we analyzed the role of contact sensitizer induced ROS production and concomitant changes in hyaluronic acid metabolism on CHS responses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed in vitro and in vivo ROS production using fluorescent ROS detection reagents. HA fragmentation was determined by gel electrophoresis. The influence of blocking ROS production and HA degradation by antioxidants, hyaluronidase-inhibitor or p38 MAPK inhibitor was analyzed in the murine CHS model. Here, we demonstrate that organic contact sensitizers induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concomitant breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronic acid (HA) to pro-inflammatory low molecular weight fragments in the skin. Importantly, inhibition of either ROS-mediated or enzymatic HA breakdown prevents sensitization as well as elicitation of CHS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data identify an indirect mechanism of contact sensitizer induced innate inflammatory signaling involving the breakdown of the ECM and generation of endogenous danger signals. Our findings suggest a beneficial role for anti-oxidants and hyaluronidase inhibitors in prevention and treatment of ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R. Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PRE); (SFM)
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Skintegral, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dürr
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph M. Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Skintegral, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PRE); (SFM)
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SASAKI Y, UZUKI M, NOHMI K, KITAGAWA H, KAMATAKI A, KOMAGAMINE M, MURAKAMI K, SAWAI T. Quantitative measurement of serum hyaluronic acid molecular weight in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the role of hyaluronidase. Int J Rheum Dis 2011; 14:313-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185x.2011.01683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Imundo L, Leduc CA, Guha S, Brown M, Perino G, Gushulak L, Triggs-Raine B, Chung WK. A complete deficiency of Hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1 (HYAL1) presenting as familial juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:1013-22. [PMID: 21559944 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a single consanguineous family with three affected children exhibiting knee and/or hip pain associated with swelling. Detailed clinical evaluation demonstrated diffuse joint involvement with an unusual proliferative synovitis on MRI. Synovial biopsies were notable for an infiltration of macrophages with abundant cytoplasm filled with faintly basophilic vacuoles. We used homozygosity mapping with a panel of 262,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify a homozygous stretch of 40.52 Mb on chromosome 3p22.3 - 3p13 that segregated with the arthropathy in the family. Of the 378 genes in the interval, the three hyaluronoglucosaminidase genes were considered good candidates based on the phenotype. Dideoxy sequencing identified a homozygous deletion in HYAL1, c.104delT, resulting in a premature termination codon, p.Val35AlafsX25, found in all three affected children. Enzymatic analysis confirmed total HYAL1 deficiency in the three affected children. This confirms the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IX (MPS IX) which has only been described in a single patient to date. In contrast to the previously described MPS IX patient, our three patients display a phenotype limited to the joints, suggesting that this is the primary manifestation of HYAL1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Imundo
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Reese KL, Aravindan RG, Griffiths GS, Shao M, Wang Y, Galileo DS, Atmuri V, Triggs-Raine BL, Martin-Deleon PA. Acidic hyaluronidase activity is present in mouse sperm and is reduced in the absence of SPAM1: evidence for a role for hyaluronidase 3 in mouse and human sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:759-72. [PMID: 20586096 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying sperm penetration of the physical barriers surrounding the oocyte have not been completely delineated. Although neutral-active or "reproductive" hyaluronidases (hyases), exemplified by Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1), are thought to be responsible for hyaluronan digestion in the egg vestments and for sperm-zona binding, their roles in mouse sperm have been recently questioned. Here we report that acidic "somatic" Hyaluronidase 3 (HYAL3), a homolog of SPAM1 with 74.6% structural similarity, exists in two isoforms in human ( approximately 47 and approximately 55 kDa) and mouse ( approximately 44 and approximately 47 kDa) sperm, where it resides on the plasma membrane over the head and midpiece. Mouse isoforms are differentially distributed in the soluble (SAP), membrane (MBP), and acrosome-reacted (AR) fraction where they are most abundant. Comparisons of zymography of Hyal3 null and wild-type (WT) AR and MBP fractions show significant HYAL3 activity at pH 3 and 4, and less at pH 7. At pH 4, a second acid-active hyase band at approximately 57 kDa is present in the AR fraction. HYAL3 activity was confirmed using immunoprecipitated HYAL3 and spectrophotometry. In total proteins, hyase activity was higher at pH 6 than at 4, where Spam1 nulls had significantly (P < 0.01) diminished activity implicating an acidic optima for murine SPAM1. Although fully fertile, Hyal3 null sperm showed delayed cumulus penetration and reduced acrosomal exocytosis. HYAL3 is expressed in epididymal tissue/fluid, from where it is acquired by caudal mouse sperm in vitro. Our results reveal concerted activity of both neutral- and acid-active hyaluronidases in sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Reese
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Monzon ME, Fregien N, Schmid N, Falcon NS, Campos M, Casalino-Matsuda SM, Forteza RM. Reactive oxygen species and hyaluronidase 2 regulate airway epithelial hyaluronan fragmentation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26126-34. [PMID: 20554532 PMCID: PMC2924017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.135194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2) is a hyaluronan (HA)-degrading enzyme found intracellularly or/and anchored to the plasma membrane through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) grown at the air-liquid interphase (ALI), treated with PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), exhibited increased Hyal activity in secretions and decreased protein and activity on the apical membrane, confirming that GPI-anchored Hyal2 is expressed in NHBE cells and it remains active in its soluble form. We have reported that HA degradation was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human airways. Here we show that ROS increase Hyal2 expression and activity in NHBE cells and that the p38MAPK signaling pathway is involved in this effect. Hyal2 induction was confirmed by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) expressing lentivirus. These in vitro findings correlated in vivo with smokers, where increased Hyal2 immunoreactivity in the epithelium was associated with augmented levels of HA and the appearance of low molecular mass HA species in bronchial secretions. In summary, this work provides evidence that ROS induce Hyal2, suggesting that Hyal2 is likely responsible for the sustained HA fragmentation in the airway lumen observed in inflammatory conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Monzon
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Lee JH, Moore LD, Kumar S, Pritchard DG, Ponnazhagan S, Deivanayagam C. Bacteriophage hyaluronidase effectively inhibits growth, migration and invasion by disrupting hyaluronan-mediated Erk1/2 activation and RhoA expression in human breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 298:238-49. [PMID: 20688428 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hyaluronan production has been implicated in many types of tumor. In this context, hyaluronidase has been explored as a viable therapeutic approach to reduce tumoral hyaluronan. However, elevated levels of hyaluronan in tumors are often associated with high expression levels of cellular hyaluronidases, which consequently produce various sizes of saturated hyaluronan fragments with divergent pro-tumoral activities. The current study shows that different hyaluronan metabolisms of mammalian and microbial hyaluronidases could elicit distinct alterations in cancer cell behavior. Unlike saturated hyaluronan metabolites, unsaturated hyaluronan oligosaccharides produced by bacteriophage hyaluronidase, HylP, had no biological effect on growth of breast carcinoma cells. More importantly, HylP's metabolic process of hyaluronan into non-detrimental oligosaccharides significantly decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by disrupting Erk1/2 activation and RhoA expression. Our results suggest that it may be possible to exploit HylP's unique enzymatic activity in suppressing hyaluronan-mediated tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-4400, USA
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Chatel A, Hemming R, Hobert J, Natowicz MR, Triggs-Raine B, Merz DC. The C. elegans hyaluronidase: a developmentally significant enzyme with chondroitin-degrading activity at both acidic and neutral pH. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:494-502. [PMID: 20576486 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronan and some structurally related glycosaminoglycans. We generated a deletion mutant in the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of mammalian hyaluronidase, hya-1. Mutant animals are viable and grossly normal, but exhibit defects in vulval morphogenesis and egg-laying and showed increased staining with alcian blue, consistent with an accumulation of glycosaminoglycan. A hya-1::GFP reporter was expressed in a restricted pattern in somatic tissues of the animal with strongest expression in the intestine, the PLM sensory neurons and the vulva. Total protein extracts from wild-type animals exhibited chondroitin-degrading but not hyaluronan-degrading activity. Chondroitinase activities were observed at both neutral and acidic pH conditions while both neutral and acidic activities were absent in extracts from hya-1 mutant strains. We also evaluated the function of oga-1, which encodes the C. elegans orthologue of MGEA-5, a protein with hyaluronan-degrading activity in vitro. oga-1 is expressed in muscles, vulval cells and the scavenger-like coelomocytes. An oga-1 mutant strain exhibited egg-laying and vulval defects similar to those of hya-1; chondroitinase activity was unaffected in this mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Chatel
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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El-Safory NS, Fazary AE, Lee CK. Hyaluronidases, a group of glycosidases: Current and future perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tanimoto K, Kitamura R, Tanne Y, Kamiya T, Kunimatsu R, Yoshioka M, Tanaka N, Tanaka E, Tanne K. Modulation of hyaluronan catabolism in chondrocytes by mechanical stimuli. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:373-80. [PMID: 19569218 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrices of cartilage contributing to the structural and functional integrity. HA metabolism is regulated by both anabolic and catabolic processes; however, a great deal more of the detail has been unknown yet. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of excessive mechanical load on the expression and activity of hyaluronidase (HYAL) in chondrocytes with a special reference to the expressions of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. A cyclic tensile load of 22.8% cell elongation, regarded as an excessive mechanical stimulus, was applied to cultured rabbit knee articular chondrocytes. HYAL1, HYAL2, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha mRNA levels were examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The HYAL activity in culture medium was examined by HA zymography. Both HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNA levels were upregulated significantly by the loading in cultured chondrocytes. HYAL activity was also enhanced as compared with unloaded controls. The IL-1beta mRNA level was upregulated significantly by the loading, and TNF-alpha mRNA level was slightly upregulated. HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNA levels were upregulated significantly by IL-1beta treatment, resulting in a slight increase in HYAL activity. These results show that the expression of HYAL1 and HYAL2 in articular chondrocytes is enhanced by excessive mechanical stimuli and affected in part by induction of IL-1beta, leading to HA catabolism in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Modulation of Hyaluronan Fragmentation by Interleukin-1 Beta in Synovial Membrane Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:1618-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-9927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kitamura R, Tanimoto K, Tanne Y, Kamiya T, Huang YC, Tanaka N, Tanaka E, Tanne K. Effects of mechanical load on the expression and activity of hyaluronidase in cultured synovial membrane cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:87-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Monzón ME, Manzanares D, Schmid N, Casalino-Matsuda SM, Forteza RM. Hyaluronidase expression and activity is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:289-95. [PMID: 18390475 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is present at the apical surface of airway epithelium as a high-molecular-weight polymer. Since HA depolymerization initiates a cascade of events that results in kinin generation and growth factor processing, in the present work we used primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to assess hyaluronidase (Hyal) activity by HA zymography, gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, and localization by confocal microscopy. Because TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induce Hyals in other cells, we tested their effects on Hyals expression and activity. We found that Hyal-like activity is present in the apical and basolateral secretions from HBE cells where Hyals 1, 2, and 3 are expressed, and that IL-1beta acts synergistically with TNF-alpha to increase gene expression and activity. Confocal microscopy showed that Hyals 1, 2, and 3 were localized intracellularly, while Hyal2 was also expressed at the apical pole associated with the plasma membrane, and in a soluble form on the apical secretions. Tissue sections from normal individuals and from individuals with asthma showed a Hyal distribution pattern similar to that observed on nontreated HBE cells or exposed to cytokines, respectively. In addition, increased expression and activity were observed in tracheal sections and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained from subjects with asthma when compared with normal lung donors and healthy volunteers. Our observations indicate that Hyal 1, 2, and 3 are expressed in airway epithelium and may operate in a coordinated fashion to depolymerize HA during inflammation associated with up-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, such as allergen-induced asthmatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Monzón
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., RMSB 7072A (R-47), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Stern R, Maibach HI. Hyaluronan in skin: aspects of aging and its pharmacologic modulation. Clin Dermatol 2008; 26:106-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Hyaluronic Acid: Its Function and Degradation in in vivo Systems. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART N) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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41
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Gao F, Koenitzer JR, Tobolewski JM, Jiang D, Liang J, Noble PW, Oury TD. Extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits inflammation by preventing oxidative fragmentation of hyaluronan. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:6058-66. [PMID: 18165226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709273200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is expressed at high levels in lungs. EC-SOD has a polycationic matrix-binding domain that binds to polyanionic constituents in the matrix. Previous studies indicate that EC-SOD protects the lung in both bleomycin- and asbestos-induced models of pulmonary fibrosis. Although the mechanism of EC-SOD protection is not fully understood, these studies indicate that EC-SOD plays an important role in regulating inflammatory responses to pulmonary injury. Hyaluronan is a polyanionic high molecular mass polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix that is sensitive to oxidant-mediated fragmentation. Recent studies found that elevated levels of low molecular mass hyaluronan are associated with inflammatory conditions. We hypothesize that EC-SOD may inhibit pulmonary inflammation in part by preventing superoxide-mediated fragmentation of hyaluronan to low molecular mass fragments. We found that EC-SOD directly binds to hyaluronan and significantly inhibits oxidant-induced degradation of this glycosaminoglycan. In vitro human polymorphic neutrophil chemotaxis studies indicate that oxidative fragmentation of hyaluronan results in polymorphic neutrophil chemotaxis and that EC-SOD can completely prevent this response. Intratracheal injection of crocidolite asbestos in mice leads to pulmonary inflammation and injury that is enhanced in EC-SOD knock-out mice. Notably, hyaluronan levels are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after asbestos-induced pulmonary injury, and this response is markedly enhanced in EC-SOD knock-out mice. These data indicate that inhibition of oxidative hyaluronan fragmentation probably represents one mechanism by which EC-SOD inhibits inflammation in response to lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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42
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Wu A, Anupriwan A, Iamsaard S, Chakrabandhu K, Santos DC, Rupar T, Tsang BK, Carmona E, Tanphaichitr N. Sperm surface arylsulfatase A can disperse the cumulus matrix of cumulus oocyte complexes. J Cell Physiol 2007; 213:201-11. [PMID: 17474085 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cumulus cell layers of expanded cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) are interlinked with networks of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycans and link proteins, and they can be dispersed by sperm surface hyaluronidases. In this report, we showed that arylsulfatase A (AS-A), existing on the sperm head surface, also had this dispersion action. Purified AS-A free of protease, hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activities could disperse the cumulus matrix of expanded COCs. However, this COC dispersion action was not associated with AS-A desulfation activity, assayed by using p-nitrocatecholsulfate (artificial substrate). COCs incubated for 1 h with sperm pretreated with anti-AS-A IgG in the presence of apigenin (a hyaluronidase inhibitor) did not exhibit matrix dispersion, whereas several cumulus layers were already dispersed in COCs incubated with sperm pretreated with preimmune IgG. Furthermore, sperm from AS-A null mice showed a significant delay in COC dispersion, compared with wild-type sperm. Within 1 h of sperm-COC co-incubation, the size of COCs incubated with AS-A null sperm was 65% of the original dimension, whereas that of COCs inseminated with wild-type sperm was only 17%. A further delay in COC dispersion by AS-A(-/-) mouse sperm was observed when apigenin was present in the co-incubation. We also showed for the first time that AS-A had a specific affinity for chondroitin sulfate B, a component of cumulus matrix proteoglycan networks; this might provide a mechanism of cumulus matrix destabilization induced by sperm surface AS-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wu
- Hormones/Growth/Development Research Group, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Grigorieva A, Griffiths GS, Zhang H, Laverty G, Shao M, Taylor L, Martin-DeLeon PA. Expression of SPAM1 (PH-20) in the Murine Kidney Is Not Accompanied by Hyaluronidase Activity: Evidence for Potential Roles in Fluid and Water Reabsorption. Kidney Blood Press Res 2007; 30:145-55. [PMID: 17446714 DOI: 10.1159/000101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1) hyaluronidase in murine kidney, where Spam1 transcript levels have been reported to be higher in males, has not been clarified. METHODS Spam1 RNA and protein were studied using RT-PCR, in situhybridization, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and hyaluronic acid substrate gel electrophoresis. Urine volume and osmolality were studied in wild-type and Spam1 null mice. RESULTS While RT-PCR supported a tendency of higher RNA expression in males, no sex difference for the protein was detectable in the cortex, medulla, and urine. Transcripts were predominantly localized in the proximal tubules and glomeruli, with lower levels in the medulla. Similarly, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that SPAM1 is more abundant in the cortex. Hyaluronidase activity was absent at neutral and acidic pH: suggesting non-enzymatic role(s) for SPAM1. Wild-type and Spam1 null mice given free access to water showed significantly reduced urine volumes (p < 0.01; n = 12) in the latter. Baseline urine osmolality was similar in both, leading to a significantly (p < 0.05) lower osmolar output in the nulls. After water deprivation (24 h), a significant (p < 0.01) increase in urine osmolality was seen only for wild-type mice. CONCLUSION SPAM1 is implicated in fluid reabsorption and urine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Grigorieva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, NJ 19716, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stern
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA
| | - Mark J. Jedrzejas
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King, Jr. Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA, Phone: +1 510-450-7932, Fax +1 510-450-7914, e-mail: , Web: www.chori.org/investigators/jedrzejas.html
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Kim E, Baba D, Kimura M, Yamashita M, Kashiwabara SI, Baba T. Identification of a hyaluronidase, Hyal5, involved in penetration of mouse sperm through cumulus mass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:18028-33. [PMID: 16330764 PMCID: PMC1312394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506825102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored hyaluronidase, PH-20, on the sperm surface has long been believed to assist sperm penetration through the cumulus mass surrounding the eggs. However, mouse sperm lacking PH-20 were still capable of penetrating the cumulus mass despite a delayed dispersal of cumulus cells. Intriguingly, a 55-kDa hyaluronan-hydrolyzing protein was abundantly present in wild-type and PH-20-deficient mouse sperm. In this study, we purified the 55-kDa mouse protein from soluble protein extracts released from epididymal sperm by acrosome reaction and identified as a hyaluronidase, Hyal5. Hyal5 was exclusively expressed in the testis and formed a 160-kbp gene cluster together with Hyalp1, Hyal4, and Ph-20 on mouse chromosome 6. Hyal5 was a single-chain hyaluronidase present on the plasma and acrosomal membranes of sperm presumably as a GPI-anchored protein. Moreover, hyaluronan zymography revealed that Hyal5 is enzymatically active in the pH range 5-7 and inactive at pH 3 and 4. Both Hyal5-enriched PH-20-free soluble protein extracts and PH-20-deficient mouse sperm were capable of dispersing cumulus cells from the cumulus mass. Cumulus cell dispersal was strongly inhibited by the presence of a hyaluronidase inhibitor, apigenin. These results suggest that in the mouse, Hyal5 may function principally as a "cumulus matrix depolymerase" in the sperm penetration through the cumulus mass and in the local hyaluronan hydrolysis near or on the surface of the egg zona pellucida to enable the proximal region of sperm tail to move freely. PH-20 may compensate in part for the functional roles of Hyal5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekyune Kim
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
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46
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Zhang H, Jones R, Martin-DeLeon PA. Expression and secretion of rat SPAM1(2B1 or PH-20) in the epididymis: role of testicular lumicrine factors. Matrix Biol 2005; 22:653-61. [PMID: 15062858 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rat sperm surface antigen Sperm Adhesion Molecule1, SPAM1 (a.k.a. 2B1 or PH-20) is a plasma membrane-bound glycoprotein with hyaluronidase activity and putative roles during fertilization. Previously the antigen was thought to be testis-specific but recently it has been shown to be synthesized in the epididymis (mouse, macaque and human). Using the efferent ductule ligated (EDL) rat as a model to produce a sperm-free androgen-maintained epididymis, we have examined the factors regulating the expression of epididymal 2B1. RT-PCR and in situ transcript hybridization (ISH) studies showed that 2B1 mRNA is transcribed in the principal cells in all three regions of the epididymis. Its cognate protein was also detected by Western blot analysis in sperm-free cytosols from normal epididymis and found to undergo endoproteolytic cleavage into 2 subunits of similar size to the sperm-bound form. Immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody to 2B1 confirmed that the protein is present in the epididymal epithelium and luminal secretions. The intensity of staining was much stronger in the sperm-free EDL epididymis than that in the normal (sperm-present) epididymis. The protein was shown to have hyaluronidase activity at neutral pH and both its quantity and activity appeared to be greater in the EDL epididymis. It is suggested that a soluble form of SPAM1 glycoprotein is synthesized and released in the epididymis and that in addition to androgens, its regulation may involve a cross-talk between the tubule epithelium and lumicrine factors, the latter possibly of testicular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2590, USA
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Tanimoto K, Suzuki A, Ohno S, Honda K, Tanaka N, Doi T, Nakahara-Ohno M, Yoneno K, Nakatani Y, Ueki M, Yanagida T, Kitamura R, Tanne K. Hyaluronidase expression in cultured growth plate chondrocytes during differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2004; 318:335-42. [PMID: 15503157 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-0966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, contributes to its structural and functional integrity, and has various important roles in the differentiation of chondrocytes. HA metabolism is regulated by both anabolic and catabolic processes; however, the details have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this study was to clarify the expression patterns of hyaluronidase (HAase) mRNAs (from the relevant HAase genes: the HYALs) and HAase activity during chondrocyte differentiation. Cartilage tissue and growth plate chondrocytes were isolated from the ribs of 4-week-old male Japanese rabbits. The expression of HYAL mRNAs in cartilage was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The expression levels of HYAL mRNAs in the culture were analyzed for each of the chondrocyte differentiation stages by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Enzymatic activity in the conditioned medium from the cultures was examined by using HA zymography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-like assay. The expression levels of HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNAs were enhanced about 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold at the maximum during the early matrix forming stage, respectively, and by about 3.2-fold and 2.0-fold at the maximum in the hypertrophic stage, respectively. HYAL3 mRNA was not detected throughout the experimental period. HAase activity was enhanced at the early matrix forming and hypertrophic stages. These results suggest that selective expression of HYALs is essential for extracellular HA metabolism during chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Zhang H, Morales CR, Badran H, El-Alfy M, Martin-DeLeon PA. Spam1 (PH-20) expression in the extratesticular duct and accessory organs of the mouse: a possible role in sperm fluid reabsorption. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:1101-7. [PMID: 15175239 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely conserved sperm antigen, the sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1 or PH-20) is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-linked protein with multiple roles in mammalian fertilization. It has been shown to be dually expressed in testis and epididymis and this is conserved in the four species (mouse, rat, macaques, humans) that have been studied to date. Here, we report Spam1 RNA and protein expression in the murine vas deferens and efferent ducts. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicate that transcript and protein are distributed in the nonciliated epithelial cells and that the efferent ducts have the most intense staining of all three regions of the excurrent ducts. Spam1 products were also present in the accessory organs, the prostate, and seminal vesicles and its fluid. Using hyaluronic acid substrate gel electrophoresis, hyaluronidase activity at pH 7.0 was detected in the vas deferens but was absent from the efferent ducts, the prostate, and the seminal vesicles/fluid. This suggests that Spam1 may play a nonenzymatic role in these organs. In the efferent ducts, where Spam1 is enriched in the apical (but not basolateral) membrane of nonciliated cells, it is likely to play a role in sperm concentration, which is the established function of that organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
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Takahashi T, Ikegami-Kawai M, Okuda R, Suzuki K. A fluorimetric Morgan–Elson assay method for hyaluronidase activity. Anal Biochem 2003; 322:257-63. [PMID: 14596836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite their physiological importance, hyaluronidases (HAases) have long been "neglected enzymes," due, presumably, in part to the lack of rapid, sensitive assays. Currently, the colorimetric Morgan-Elson assay method, which is based upon the generation of a new reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine terminus with each cleavage reaction, is most widely employed but is yet insensitive. We, therefore, reinvestigated the colorimetric method and established the fluorimetric Morgan-Elson assay for HAase activity, with the optimized tetraborate reagent. The fluorimetric assay, requiring neither specialized reagents nor a long time to perform, provided high sensitivity, nearly comparable to that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assays, with a detection limit of 5 x 10(-3)NFU/ml of bovine testicular HAase after 1-h incubation. The increased sensitivity permitted rapid measurement of low HAase activity in biological samples such as human and rabbit serum HAases, the latter of which has not been detected either by an ELISA-like assay or by zymography. Human serum HAase was easily characterized it along with its optimum pH and kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
A novel, simple, and sensitive assay was developed to monitor, quantitatively, the hyaluronidase and heparinase I-catalyzed cleavage of fluoresceinamine-labeled hyaluronic acid and heparin, respectively. The fluoresceinamine-labeled substrates were hydrophobically absorbed onto 4-microm polystyrene beads. In the presence of enzyme, the change in fluorescence output of the substrate-absorbed beads was monitored in a noncontinuous manner using a flow cytometer. Our results show that hyaluronidase and heparinase I can cleave their respective substrates on the beads in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The assay is suitable for detecting the presence of these glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes in cell lysates, extracts, or purified fractions, for quantifying their amounts, and for investigating the activity of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Krupa
- Joint Diseases Laboratory, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Que., Canada
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