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Asghari A, Banavand S, Akhlaghzadeh M, Shamsi L, Hatam G. First Molecular Identification and Subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in the Most Consumed Edible Marine Fish of Iran: A Foodborne Concern. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:446-452. [PMID: 38183610 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of Blastocystis sp. is commonly observed in humans and different animals, displaying a wide range of genetic variations with the discovery of multiple subtypes (STs). However, the prevalence and distribution of these STs in edible marine fish and marine mammals remain uncertain. This study marks the first survey conducted in Iran and the second global molecular investigation to examine the occurrence and STs distribution of Blastocystis in various species of edible marine fish. METHODS This study screened 200 fresh intestinal contents from 10 well-known fish species (Narrow-barred mackerel, Indo-pacific king mackerel, Tigertooth croaker, Silver pomfret, Black pomfret, Longtail tuna, John's snapper, Blackspotted croaker, Four-finger threadfin, and Javelin grunter) in southern Iran, caught in the Persian Gulf. All collected samples were evaluated by microscopy and SSU-PCR methods. RESULTS Based on both microscopy and PCR, the overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in evaluated fish species was 2% (4/200). In brief, Blastocystis sp. was reported from Narrow-barred mackerel [10% (2/20)], Silver pomfret [5% (1/20)], and Tigertooth croaker [5% (1/20)]. Interestingly, among infected fish species three zoonotic STs (ST1, ST2, and ST7) were identified. ST2 was the most predominant ST [50% (2/4)], followed by ST1 and ST7, one sample each [5% (1/20)]. CONCLUSION Overall, the prevalence and STs distribution of Blastocystis in edible marine fish along with the possibility of its zoonotic transmission are still open to question and require extensive and more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Banavand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhlaghzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Rauff-Adedotun AA, Nuur Syafyqah S, Nur Soleha R, Noranis Shahida S, Farah Haziqah MT. Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in freshwater fishes, poultry, and caprine from Penang, Malaysia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 33:100749. [PMID: 35820721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an enigmatic intestinal protist of humans and many animals. There is growing interest in its potential as an enteric pathogen, and the possible role of domestic and in-contact animals as reservoirs for human infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in fishes, poultry, and caprine in Penang, Malaysia. A total of 353 faecal samples/intestinal contents, consisting of 123 intestinal contents from freshwater fishes, 96 intestinal contents of commercially barn-reared chickens, 84 intestinal contents of barn-reared quails, and 50 faecal samples of caprine (29 from meat goats and 21 from dairy goats) were collected. Faecal sample/intestinal content from each animal was subjected to in-vitro cultivation method using Jones' medium supplemented with 10% horse serum. The respective colonization frequencies for dairy and meat goats were 47.6% and 31.0%, whereas 26.1% was recorded for chickens and 16.7% for quails. None of the freshwater fishes were found infected with Blastocystis. The organism was most commonly seen as spherically shaped vacuolated forms and cell diameter was significantly larger in poultry than in caprine. For further studies, molecular characterization of Blastocystis in poultry and livestock animals in the study area is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rauff-Adedotun
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - S Nuur Syafyqah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R Nur Soleha
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan
| | - S Noranis Shahida
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - M T Farah Haziqah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia.
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Shams M, Shamsi L, Yousefi A, Sadrebazzaz A, Asghari A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Shahabi S, Hatam G. Current global status, subtype distribution and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis in dogs and cats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:225. [PMID: 35733146 PMCID: PMC9215001 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common intestinal protozoa found in animal and human fecal samples, with over 1 billion individuals infected worldwide. Since domestication, dogs and cats have had a close bond with humans. However, their close proximity poses a potential health risk since they may harbor several zoonotic agents. A global estimate of Blastocystis infection and subtype (ST) distribution in dogs and cats would therefore be of great health importance to humans. Methods We performed a comprehensive systematic search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science) for relevant articles up to 8 November 2021. The random-effects model was used to make pooled estimates with confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, we identified 49 publications that met our inclusion criteria and subsequently analyzed the 65 datasets in these articles, of which 23 and 42 datasets were on cats and dogs, respectively. Among the 2934 cats included in the 23 datasets, which involved 16 countries, the prevalence rate of Blastocystis infection was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3–15.9%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was slightly lower [7%, 95% CI 4.7–10.4%) among the 7946 dogs included in the 42 datasets, involving 23 countries. The sensitivity analysis showed that no remarkable variation in the estimates upon the stepwise removal of each dataset. Higher ST diversity was found among the examined dogs (ST1-8, ST10, ST23, ST24) than among cats (ST1-4, ST10, ST14). Among dogs, ST3 was the most frequent ST (41.3%), followed by ST2 (39.3%), ST1 (30.9%), ST4 (13.4%), ST8 (12.7%), ST10 (11%) and ST5 (8.1%). Also among dogs, each of ST6, ST7, ST23 and ST24 was observed in only one study. Of the ST found in the cats examined, ST4 (29.5%), followed by ST10 (22.5%), ST1 (19.8%) and ST3 (17.6%) were the most common. A single study also reported the presence of both ST2 and ST14 in cats. With respect to zoonotic Blastocystis STs (ST1–ST9 and ST12), eight were reported from dogs (ST1-ST8) and four were isolated from cats (ST1–ST4), showing the implication of dog and cats in zoonotic transmission. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that elucidation of the true epidemiology and ST distribution of Blastocystis in dogs and cats demands more comprehensive studies, particularly in the negelected regions of the world. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05351-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Yousefi
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadrebazzaz
- Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Shahabi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Masuda A, Matsuda Y, Horikita T, Matsumoto J. Subtype analysis and prevalence of mixed subtype infection of Blastocystis in farmed pigs from Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102490. [PMID: 34737074 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an intestinal eukaryotes found in a wide range of animals and in the human population globally. Blastocystis is reported in domestic pigs, with subtype (ST) 5 being the dominant ST, followed by ST1 and ST3. The common method used for ST identification in pigs is PCR-sequencing, which often results in underestimation of the prevalence of mixed infections. Here, we aimed to investigate the ST distribution and the prevalence of mixed ST infection of Blastocystis in pigs from Chiba Prefecture in eastern Japan. A total of 82 fecal samples positive for Blastocystis were collected from two different farms, A and B. PCR was performed with subtype-specific primers, ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5. The prevalence of single ST5 infection was 37.8% (31/82), whereas mixed infection with ST5 and other STs was 57.3% (47/82). A high percentage of single ST5 infection was observed in sows, piglets, and weaners from farm A (13/15, 86.7%), whereas mixed infection of ST5 and other STs, ST1 and ST3, was observed in 3-5-month-old grower pigs (15/18, 83.3%). Similarly, in farm B, the majority of sows and piglets under 1 month of age showed a single ST5 infection (12/17, 70.6%), whereas weaner, grower, and finisher pigs showed mixed infections with ST5 and other STs, ST1, ST2 and ST3 (27/28, 96.4%). In domestic pigs, diet and rearing environment changes dramatically over the course of animal's lifetime, which may have caused this difference in the prevalence of mixed ST infection among different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Masuda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Yukino Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Horikita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
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Wang P, Li S, Zou Y, Hong ZW, Wang P, Zhu XQ, Song DP, Chen XQ. Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Diarrheic Pigs in Southern China. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091189. [PMID: 34578221 PMCID: PMC8471349 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common pathogen that infects the intestines of humans and animals, causing a threat to public health. However, little information on the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in diarrheic pigs in China is available. Herein, 1254 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic pigs in 37 intensive pig farms in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces in southern China, and the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. were investigated. Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR assay, which amplified the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was 31.4% (394/1254), including 21.5% (66/307), 33.1% (99/299), 58.9% (56/95), and 31.3% (173/553) in suckling piglets, weaned piglets, fattening pigs, and sows, respectively. Moreover, age and region factors were significantly related to prevalence of Blastocystis sp. (p < 0.05). Four Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified, including ST1, ST3, ST5, and ST14. The preponderant subtype was ST5 (76.9%, 303/394). To our knowledge, ST14 was firstly found in pigs in China. The human-pathogenic subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, and ST14) that were observed in this study indicate a potential threat to public health. These findings provided a new sight for studying the genetic structure of Blastocystis sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Sen Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Zhao-Wei Hong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - De-Ping Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.-P.S.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (S.L.); (Z.-W.H.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.-P.S.); (X.-Q.C.)
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Asghari A, Sadrebazzaz A, Shamsi L, Shams M. Global prevalence, subtypes distribution, zoonotic potential, and associated risk factors of Blastocystis sp. in domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105183. [PMID: 34517066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. is a widely distributed protist among humans and various animal hosts, with significant prevalence in developing countries. Due to the zoonotic nature of its subtypes (STs), we aimed at global estimation of the prevalence, STs distribution, zoonotic potential, and associated risk factors of Blastocystis sp. infection in domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild pigs/wild boars (Sus scrofa). The study was designed and conducted in 2021 via searching articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases, based on the PRISMA checklist, and meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Totally, 43 papers (47 datasets) reported data on 7977 examined pigs in 24 countries with a total prevalence of 50.9% (95% CI: 42.8-59%). In details, prevalence was higher among domestic pigs [52.4% (95% CI: 43.9-60.7%)] than wild boars [31.2% (95% CI: 11.2-62%)], but is poorly statistically supported as far as the CIs largely overlap. Out of 28 reported STs, nine (ST1-ST7, ST10, and ST15) were reported from domestic pigs, while six (ST1, ST3-ST5, ST8, and ST15) had been isolated from wild boars. Among nine zoonotic STs (ST1-ST8, and ST12), all were identified in examined swine populations, except for ST12. As well, ST1 and ST5 were probably the most frequently circulating STs among these animals. In addition, male and older pigs showed higher Blastocystis sp. infection. Altogether, Blastocystis epidemiology and the distribution of its related STs in pigs is still open to question and requires more extensive studies, especially in the neglected regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Sadrebazzaz
- Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Risk Factors of Blastocystis sp. from Farmed Pigs in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:1005-1010. [PMID: 32556839 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blastocystis is an enteral eukaryote that omnipresent existence in animals and humans global. The objective of the current study investigated the frequency and subtypes to evaluate risk factors for Blastocystis infection in pigs in southwestern China. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 866 fecal samples were collected from farmed pigs in Yunnan province, which were determined by the molecular method of the nested PCR and phylogenetic analysis established on the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) gene fragment. RESULTS A total of 433 specimens were detected Blastocystis positive, and the prevalence of is 50.0% (433/866). The significant differences in prevalence were also observed in pigs from regions (P < 0.01, df = 8, χ2 = 29.17) and age groups (P < 0.01, df = 2, χ2 = 66.6). Older pigs had more Blastocystis infection than younger ones. Moreover, three zoonotic subtypes were identified by DNA sequence analysis, included ST1 (7.39%, 32/433), ST3 (4.39%, 19/433) and ST5 (88.22%, 382/433). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested a high prevalence and diversified subtypes in farmed pigs in Yunnan province, southwestern China, which indicated pigs are most likely to potential reservoirs and zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis for human infection. To our knowledge, the study is the first large-scale systematic statement of Blastocystis colonization in Yunnan province, Southwestern China, which contributed to the in-depth study of genetic characteristics and prevention, control and treatment of Blastocystis in pigs in Yunnan province and other regions.
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Hublin JSY, Maloney JG, Santin M. Blastocystis in domesticated and wild mammals and birds. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:260-282. [PMID: 33046256 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a ubiquitous parasite that infects a broad range of vertebrate hosts including humans and domestic and wild animals. While human infections have been occasionally associated with gastrointestinal illnesses and/or urticaria, animal infections are not usually associated with disease. However, from a public health perspective, most subtypes isolated in humans have also been isolated from animals raising the question of the importance of animal reservoirs in the epidemiology of this parasite. The identification of Blastocystis in water supplies suggests water can be a potential vehicle in the transmission of this parasite not only for humans but also for animals. In addition, Blastocystis has been detected in retail fresh produce. Knowledge of this parasite has greatly expanded in the last two decades from simple microscopic observations to the application of molecular tools to explore Blastocystis taxonomy and epidemiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Blastocystis in animals highlighting the subtype diversity of this widespread and genetically diverse parasite in different animal groups. This information will be useful in understanding the current status of taxonomy, epidemiology, zoonotic potential, and public health importance of Blastocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine S Y Hublin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
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Henao E, Cantera JR, Rzymski P. Conserving the Amazon River Basin: The case study of the Yahuarcaca Lakes System in Colombia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138186. [PMID: 32268285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colombia is the fourth contributor to the Amazon River Basin (ARB) by surface, and the third by mean annual runoff. The Yahuarcaca Lakes System (YLS), consisting of four large interconnected water bodies situated on the floodplain of Amazon River, was identified as one of the key areas for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity in the Colombian ARB. This review aimed to provide a general overview of YLS, present its environmental and biological features, identify main ecological and health threats, and propose mitigation strategies and future research prospects. A systematic search was performed using various databases. In summary, YLS harbors significant biodiversity and provides a number of ecological services for local communities, encompassing fish and drinking water supply and utilization of the floodplain for agriculture. Ensuring its sustainability requires attention from local and international authorities, collaboration with indigenous communities and future interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Henao
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Jaime R Cantera
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Ecology of Estuaries and Mangrove Research Group (ECOMANGLARES), Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Gantois N, Lamot A, Seesao Y, Creusy C, Li LL, Monchy S, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Karpouzopoulos J, Bourgain JL, Rault C, Demaret F, Baydoun M, Chabé M, Fréalle E, Aliouat-Denis CM, Gay M, Certad G, Viscogliosi E. First Report on the Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Edible Marine Fish and Marine Mammals: A Large Scale-Study Conducted in Atlantic Northeast and on the Coasts of Northern France. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030460. [PMID: 32213897 PMCID: PMC7144014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is frequently identified in humans and animal hosts and exhibits a large genetic diversity with the identification of 17 subtypes (STs). Despite its zoonotic potential, its prevalence and ST distribution in edible marine fish and marine mammals remain unknown. A large-scale survey was thus conducted by screening 345 fish caught in Atlantic Northeast and 29 marine mammals stranded on the coasts of northern France for the presence of the parasite using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR. The prevalence of the parasite was about 3.5% in marine fish. These animals were mostly colonized by poikilotherm-derived isolates not identified in humans and corresponding to potential new STs, indicating that fish are natural hosts of Blastocystis. Marine fishes are also carriers of human STs and represent a likely limited source of zoonotic transmission. 13.8% of the marine mammals tested were colonized and 6 different STs were identified including 3 potential new STs. The risk of zoonotic transmission through marine mammals is insignificant due to the lack of repeated contact with humans. The present survey represents the first data regarding the prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis in marine fish and marine mammals and provides new insights into its genetic diversity, host range and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Gantois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Angélique Lamot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Yuwalee Seesao
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France; (Y.S.); (L.-L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Luen-Luen Li
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France; (Y.S.); (L.-L.L.); (M.G.)
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France;
| | - Sébastien Monchy
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France;
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Faculté de Gestion Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacky Karpouzopoulos
- Coordination Mammalogique du Nord de la France, Groupe Mammifères Marins, F-62850 Alembon, France; (J.K.); (J.-L.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Jean-Luc Bourgain
- Coordination Mammalogique du Nord de la France, Groupe Mammifères Marins, F-62850 Alembon, France; (J.K.); (J.-L.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Célia Rault
- Coordination Mammalogique du Nord de la France, Groupe Mammifères Marins, F-62850 Alembon, France; (J.K.); (J.-L.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Fabien Demaret
- Observatoire PELAGIS - UMS 3462, La Rochelle Université/CNRS, F-17000 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Martha Baydoun
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Magali Chabé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Emilie Fréalle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
| | - Mélanie Gay
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France; (Y.S.); (L.-L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.G.); (A.L.); (S.B.-V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.F.); (C.-M.A.-D.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cian A, El Safadi D, Osman M, Moriniere R, Gantois N, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Guyot K, Li LL, Monchy S, Noël C, Poirier P, Nourrisson C, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Bosc S, Chabé M, Petit T, Certad G, Viscogliosi E. Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in Various Animal Groups from Two French Zoos and Evaluation of Potential Zoonotic Risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169659. [PMID: 28060901 PMCID: PMC5217969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal parasite infecting humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. It exhibits an extensive genetic diversity and 17 subtypes (STs) have thus far been identified in mammalian and avian hosts. Since several STs are common to humans and animals, it was proposed that a proportion of human infections may result from zoonotic transmission. However, the contribution of each animal source to human infection remains to be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to expand our knowledge of the epidemiology and host specificity of this parasite by performing the largest epidemiological survey ever conducted in animal groups in terms of numbers of species screened. A total of 307 stool samples from 161 mammalian and non-mammalian species in two French zoos were screened by real-time PCR for the presence of Blastocystis sp. Overall, 32.2% of the animal samples and 37.9% of the species tested were shown to be infected with the parasite. A total of 111 animal Blastocystis sp. isolates were subtyped, and 11 of the 17 mammalian and avian STs as well as additional STs previously identified in reptiles and insects were found with a varying prevalence according to animal groups. These data were combined with those obtained from previous surveys to evaluate the potential risk of zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis sp. through the comparison of ST distribution between human and animal hosts. This suggests that non-human primates, artiodactyls and birds may serve as reservoirs for human infection, especially in animal handlers. In contrast, other mammals such as carnivores, and non-mammalian groups including reptiles and insects, do not seem to represent significant sources of Blastocystis sp. infection in humans. In further studies, more intensive sampling and screening of potential new animal hosts will reinforce these statements and expand our understanding of the circulation of Blastocystis sp. in animal and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Cian
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Faculté Libre des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pilar Delgado-Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luen-Luen Li
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS UMR 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Wimereux, France
| | - Sébastien Monchy
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS UMR 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Wimereux, France
| | - Christophe Noël
- Geneius Laboratories Ltd., INEX Business Centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne—CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne—CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne—CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne—CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Magali Chabé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Chandrasekaran H, Govind SK, Panchadcharam C, Bathmanaban P, Raman K, Thergarajan G. High lipid storage in vacoular forms of subtype 6 Blastocystis sp. in ostrich. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:469. [PMID: 25358755 PMCID: PMC4222385 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis sp., a widely prevalent intestinal protozoan parasite is found in a wide range of animals, including humans. The possibility of zoonotic transmission to human from birds especially ostriches led us to investigate on the cross infectivity of Blastocystis sp. isolated from the ostrich feces as well as the phenotypic and subtype characteristics. There is a need to investigate this especially with the rising number of ostrich farms due to the growing global ostrich industry. Findings 100% of the ostriches were found to be positive for Blastocystis sp. using the in-vitro cultivation method. Transmission electron microscopy revealed high electron dense material in the central body of the vacoular forms. The membrane layer of the ostrich isolate was significantly (p = 0.003) thicker as compared to human isolate. Sudan staining revealed that this was lipid accumulation. We provide evidence for the first time, the existence of subtype 6 which has been previously reported only in pigs and cattle. Cysts, ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 μm in diameter caused experimental infection in Sprague Dawley rats implicating that Blastocystis sp. isolated from ostriches exhibits low host specificity. Conclusion The study for the first time demonstrates that Blastocystis sp. subtype 6 do exist in ostriches and show high lipid storage in the vacuoles of the parasites. The study further provides evidence for potential zoonotic transmission in ostrich farms as Blastocystis subtype 6 can infect rats and the same subtype have been previously reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Suresh Kumar Govind
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Premaalatha Bathmanaban
- Veterinary Research Institute Ipoh, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Kalyani Raman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Gaythri Thergarajan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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A rat model to study Blastocytis subtype 1 infections. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3537-41. [PMID: 23892480 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Blastocytis sp. is the most common enteric protozoan in human, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. To study the infectious effects of Blastocytis sp. on tissue damage, we orally challenged the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with different doses of Blastocytis subtype1 (ST1) and examined the histological changes. We found that there was no difference of disease incidence among the Blastocytis ST1-infected groups challenged with different doses of the protozoan. Histological results showed that the lamina propria was infected by Blastocytis ST1 in the vacuolar form, along with the mucus membrane slough and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lamina propria. Compared to the uninfected group, the histological scores were significantly higher in the infected groups. However, groups infected with various doses of Blastocystis ST1 showed no difference in terms of histological scores. In conclusion, this study indicates that the SD rats can be easily infected with Blastocytis ST1 even with low dose of cysts, and the histopathological effects of the infection in the intestine of the infected rats show individual differences.
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14
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Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from a variety of animals from New South Wales, Australia. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:85-9. [PMID: 23398989 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 438 stool samples from 38 different species of animal from seven different locations were studied for the presence of Blastocystis. PCR analysis was completed on all samples and DNA sequence data from the rDNA were submitted to subtype allocation. There was a total of 80 (18%) sequences from 18 species, and nine different subtypes were identified - ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST7, ST11, ST12 and ST13. This is the first report of Blastocystis from the eastern grey kangaroo, red kangaroo, wallaroo, snow leopard and ostrich. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the genetic diversity of Blastocystis which could help show the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis.
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15
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Tan KSW. New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21:639-65. [PMID: 18854485 PMCID: PMC2570156 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00022-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Blastocystis is an unusual enteric protozoan parasite of humans and many animals. It has a worldwide distribution and is often the most commonly isolated organism in parasitological surveys. The parasite has been described since the early 1900s, but only in the last decade or so have there been significant advances in our understanding of Blastocystis biology. However, the pleomorphic nature of the parasite and the lack of standardization in techniques have led to confusion and, in some cases, misinterpretation of data. This has hindered laboratory diagnosis and efforts to understand its mode of reproduction, life cycle, prevalence, and pathogenesis. Accumulating epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro data strongly suggest that Blastocystis is a pathogen. Many genotypes exist in nature, and recent observations indicate that humans are, in reality, hosts to numerous zoonotic genotypes. Such genetic diversity has led to a suggestion that previously conflicting observations on the pathogenesis of Blastocystis are due to pathogenic and nonpathogenic genotypes. Recent epidemiological, animal infection, and in vitro host-Blastocystis interaction studies suggest that this may indeed be the case. This review focuses on such recent advances and also provides updates on laboratory and clinical aspects of Blastocystis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S W Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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16
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Stensvold CR, Alfellani MA, Nørskov-Lauritsen S, Prip K, Victory EL, Maddox C, Nielsen HV, Clark CG. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new subtype. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:473-9. [PMID: 18755193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis isolates from 56 Danish synanthropic and zoo animals, 62 primates primarily from United Kingdom (UK) collections and 16 UK primate handlers were subtyped by PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A new subtype (ST) from primates and artiodactyls was identified and designated as Blastocystis sp. ST10. STs isolated from non-human primates (n=70) included ST3 (33%), ST8 (21%), ST2 (16%), ST5 (13%), ST1 (10%), ST4 (4%) and ST10 (3%). A high prevalence of ST8 was seen among primate handlers (25%). This ST is normally very rare in humans, suggesting that acquisition of Blastocystis ST8 infections from primates by their handlers had occurred in these cases. Data from published studies of non-human primates, other mammals and birds were collected and interpreted to generate a comprehensive overview on the ST distribution in such animals. On the basis of information on 438 samples, it was found that Blastocystis from primates belong mainly to ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST8, ungulates and dogs mainly ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST10, rodents ST4 and birds mainly ST6 and ST7. The data indicate moderate host specificity, most clearly exemplified by the fact that STs isolated from avian and non-avian hosts rarely overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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17
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Abe N. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from various hosts. Vet Parasitol 2004; 120:235-42. [PMID: 15041098 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis hominis is a protozoan parasite found in humans. B. hominis-like organisms have been found in a variety of animals, but have been called Blastocystis sp. because the isolates from animals were indistinguishable from B. hominis morphologically. Recent molecular studies show that some isolates from animals have genetic similarity with B. hominis. However, it has been unclear whether the isolates from animals have zoonotic potential or not. In the present study, the SSUrDNA of 19 Blastocystis isolates from these animals was sequenced in its entirety, and the phylogenetic relationship among isolates from humans and animals was clarified using available nucleotide sequences of the same locus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 19 isolates analyzed in the present study could be classified into seven groups (I-VII): Group I consisted of the isolates from humans, primates, cattle, pigs and birds; Group II of the isolates from humans and primates; Group III of the isolates from humans, cattle and pigs; Group IV of the isolates from primates, birds and rodents; Group V of the isolates from cattle and pigs; Groups VI and VII of the isolates from humans and birds. These results indicate that many of the isolates harboring in animals have zoonotic potential, or have cross-transmissibility among heterogeneous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niichiro Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan.
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18
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Abe N, Wu Z, Yoshikawa H. Zoonotic genotypes of Blastocystis hominis detected in cattle and pigs by PCR with diagnostic primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Parasitol Res 2003; 90:124-8. [PMID: 12756546 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Accepted: 11/28/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twenty two Blastocystis isolates from cattle and pigs were genotyped by PCR using diagnostic primers, and the homology among isolates was then confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Two distinct genotypes, subtypes 1 and 3, were detected in one and two of the ten isolates from cattle, and three and one of the 12 isolates from pigs, respectively. The RFLP profiles of all isolates designated as subtype 1 and subtype 3 were identical to those of known ribodemes 1 and 2, respectively. We found that 31.8% (7/22) of isolates examined were zoonotic genotypes of Bastocystis hominis. However, 68.2% (15/22) of isolates were not amplified with any of the diagnostic primers, and the profiles of these isolates were different from any ribodemes of B. hominis reported previously. This study shows that Blastocystis organisms in cattle and pigs are a potential source of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niichiro Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 543-0026, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan,
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19
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Abstract
Twelve Blastocystis isolates from primates were analyzed genetically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using diagnostic primers and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of SSUrDNA. Two distinct genotypes, subtype 1 and a variant of subtype 1, were detected in two and six of the 12 isolates, respectively. The RFLP profiles of the isolates designated as subtype 1 were identical to the profile of ribodeme 1. The RFLP profiles of the six isolates designated as variants of subtype 1 were different from the profile of the variant of subtype 1 from a human reported previously. The other four isolates were not amplified with any diagnostic primers, but three of them showed the same RFLP profiles as ribodeme 6. This study was the first genomic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from primates, and showed the genetic similarity between the isolates from primates and the genotypes of Blastocystis hominis. However, it was unclear whether the isolates examined were zoonotic or not. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the phylogenetic relationships between the isolates from primates and the multiple genotypes of B. hominis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niichiro Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Tennoji-ku, 543-0026, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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Abe N, Nagoshi M, Takami K, Sawano Y, Yoshikawa H. A survey of Blastocystis sp. in livestock, pets, and zoo animals in Japan. Vet Parasitol 2002; 106:203-12. [PMID: 12062509 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was examined in fecal samples collected from cattle, pigs, dogs, and a variety of zoo animals (primates, carnivores, herbivores, pheasants, and ducks) by direct observation of fresh fecal suspensions or cultured materials, using light microscopy. The cattle and pigs were randomly sampled from 11 and 12 commercial farms, respectively, located in the western region of Japan. The dog material used in this study was obtained from pets housed in an animal shelter in the city of Osaka. Zoo animals were chosen based on housing conditions that minimized the possibility of intra-zoo transmission of the organism. The prevalence rate among the groups varied greatly. A high prevalence of infection was observed in the farm animal group, ranging from 95% (58/61) in pigs to 71% (39/55) in cattle, whereas the dog fecal samples were completely free of the organism. Prevalence of the organism in the zoo animal were 85% (29/34) in primates, 80% (8/10) in pheasants, 56% (9/16) in ducks, and 0% (0/58) in various carnivores and herbivores. Among the zoo animals infected with Blastocystis, eight species of primates, eight species of pheasants, and four species of ducks were confirmed as new hosts. Since Blastocystis organisms isolated from various animals were morphologically indistinguishable from Blastocystis hominis by light microscopy, further genomic studies are required for analysis of the zoonotic potential or etiological significance of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niichiro Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Tennoji-ku, 543-0026, Osaka, Japan.
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