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Rathod S. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) in ophthalmic drug delivery: Breaking the barriers. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1063-1074. [PMID: 36053474 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the therapeutic drug concentration for a prolonged period of time in aqueous and vitreous humor is primary challenge for ophthalmic drug delivery. Majority of the locally administered drug into the eye is lost as to natural reflexes like blinking and lacrimation resulting in the short span of drug residence. Consequently, less than 5% of the applied drug penetrate through the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues. The major targets for optimal ophthalmic drug delivery are increasing drug residence time in cul-de-sac of the eye, prolonging intraocular exposure, modulating drug release from the delivery system, and minimizing pre-corneal drug loss. Development of in situ gel, contact lens, intraocular lens, inserts, artificial cornea, scaffold, etc., for ophthalmic drug delivery are few approaches to achieve these major targeted objectives for delivering the drug optimally. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) or smart hydrogels or stimuli sensitive hydrogels are the class of polymers that can help to achieve the targets in ophthalmic drug delivery due to their versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. These novel ''smart" materials can alter their molecular configuration and result in volume phase transition in response to environmental stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, electric and magnetic field. Hydrogel and tissue interaction, mechanical/tensile properties, pore size and surface chemistry of IPNs can also be modulated for tuning the drug release kinetics. Stimuli sensitive IPNs has been widely exploited to prepare in situ gelling formulations for ophthalmic drug delivery. Low refractive index hydrogel biomaterials with high water content, soft tissue-like physical properties, wettability, oxygen, glucose permeability and desired biocompatibility makes IPNs versatile candidate for contact lenses and corneal implants. This review article focuses on the exploration of these smart polymeric networks/IPNs for therapeutically improved ophthalmic drug delivery that has unfastened novel arenas in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rathod
- Maliba Pharmacy College, UKA Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat, 394350, India. .,Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, India.
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Kesharwani P, Bisht A, Alexander A, Dave V, Sharma S. Biomedical applications of hydrogels in drug delivery system: An update. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Polysiloxanes as polymer matrices in biomedical engineering: their interesting properties as the reason for the use in medical sciences. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lee K, Song HB, Cho W, Kim JH, Kim JH, Ryu W. Intracorneal injection of a detachable hybrid microneedle for sustained drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:48-57. [PMID: 30267886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing demands for long-term and controlled corneal drug delivery to treat various ocular diseases. Although biodegradable ocular inserts or contact lenses have been developed, the invasiveness and inefficiency of the approaches still need to be improved. Microneedle (MN) technology can deliver therapeutic molecules to the eye in a minimally invasive manner. However, the current ocular MN technology is limited to either short-term corneal drug delivery or retinal drug delivery by suprachoroidal injection. For long-term and minimally invasive corneal drug delivery, we have developed a detachable biodegradable MN that can be delivered to the inside of the cornea for sustained drug release. The detachable and biodegradable MN is a hybrid MN consisting of a drug-loaded biodegradable tip and a supporting base. The hybrid MN can be applied to the cornea by impact insertion, and it leaves only the drug-loaded biodegradable tip within the corneal tissue so that it can release the drug for a certain period. By concentration-controlled molding, the dimension of drug-loaded MN tips was precisely controlled and their detachability was optimized. The detachable tip and a supporting base were assembled to form a hybrid MN by pressure-assisted transfer molding. We carefully optimized the dimension of the drug-tip, injection dwell time, and insertion depth to achieve effective intracorneal injection of the drug-tip. The detachable hybrid MN was applied to an Acanthamoeba keratitis model wherein a biodegradable drug-tip was successfully delivered to the inside of the mouse cornea in vivo. Follow-up of the MN-treated cases for 7 days confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of the detachable biodegradable MN tips. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: For the treatment of infectious diseases in the cornea, such as keratitis, eye drops need to be applied topically every hour for a couple of days. This is extremely uncomfortable, and poor compliance to such tightly scheduled drug administration can result in permanent scar formation in the cornea. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and rapid injection of biodegradable microneedle tips in the corneal tissue wherein the tips can deliver antibacterial drugs for 4 days to treat keratitis. Unlike other patch-style microneedle technologies, this approach allows for insertion depth-controlled and highly localized injection of detachable individual microneedle tips to the diseased tissue for sustained drug delivery. This overcomes the limitations of patch-style microneedles such as short-term drug delivery and unnecessary blockage of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- KangJu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Beom Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Fight against Angiogenesis, Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis, Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis, Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Häring M, Rodríguez-López J, Grijalvo S, Tautz M, Eritja R, Martín VS, Díaz Díaz D. Isosteric Substitution of 4H-1,2,4-Triazole by 1H-1,2,3-Triazole in Isophthalic Derivative Enabled Hydrogel Formation for Controlled Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2963-2972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Häring
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julio Rodríguez-López
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Tautz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Al-Saedi ZHF, Alzhrani RM, Boddu SHS. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Cyclosporine-A Inserts Prepared Using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose for Treating Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:451-62. [PMID: 27294697 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a novel sustained-release drug delivery system of cyclosporine-A (CsA) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan gum (XG) for treating dry eye disease (DED). METHODS Polymeric inserts of CsA were prepared using the solvent casting technique with a 2(3) full factorial design to evaluate the effect of HPMC and XG ratios and drug content on thickness, folding endurance, wettability, and in vitro drug release. Inserts were also evaluated for drug content, moisture absorption and loss, and surface pH. Inserts with an optimized ratio of HPMC and XG were sterilized with UV light and evaluated for morphology, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, stability at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C, cytotoxicity in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells, and anti-inflammatory effect in Jurkat T cells. RESULTS The addition of XG increased the CsA release duration and enhanced the folding endurance of films. All films showed uniformity in drug content and thickness. Formulation F4 composed of 1% HPMC and 0.25% XG exhibited good folding endurance and sustained CsA release for up to 20 h. Sterility testing of F4 using plate and direct inoculation confirmed the formulation sterility and validated the sterilization method. The formulation was stable for at least 3 months at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C. No cytotoxicity was observed in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells for up to 24 h. The anti-inflammatory effect of CsA was intact in ophthalmic inserts. CONCLUSION In conclusion, combination therapy with HPMC and CsA can be a potential once-a-day formulation for treating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa H F Al-Saedi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio
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Prabhu P, Dubey A, Parth V, Ghate V. Investigation of hydrogel membranes containing combination of gentamicin and dexamethasone for ocular delivery. Int J Pharm Investig 2015; 5:214-25. [PMID: 26682192 PMCID: PMC4675003 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.167684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogel is a cross-linked network of polymers. Water penetrates these network causing swelling and giving the hydrogel a soft and rubbery consistency and there by maintaining the integrity of the membrane. Due to the drawback of conventional therapy for ocular delivery, hydrogel membranes containing the combination of gentamicin (GT) sulfate and dexamethasone (DX) were formulated for the treatment of conjunctivitis. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the hydrogel membranes containing the combination of GT and DX for the treatment of conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, hydrogel membranes were prepared by using polymers such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, and chitosan, which were cross-linked using physical/chemical methods. Results: The cross-linking of the membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red studies. The pH of the membranes ranged from 7.19 to 7.45 and drug content ranged from 69.82% to 89.19%. The hydrogels showed a considerably good swelling ratio ranging from 22.5% to 365.56%. The in vitro drug release study showed that there was a slow and sustained release of the drug from the membranes which were sufficiently cross-linked and followed zero order release. In vivo studies showed that the severity of conjunctivitis was remarkably lowered at day 3 with hydrogel membrane compared to marketed eye drops. Results of unpaired t-test of significance between two groups indicated that the hydrogel membrane showed a better response in the treatment of conjunctivitis compared to the marketed products. Stability studies proved that the formulations could be stable when stored at room temperature. Conclusion: Results of the study indicated that it is possible to develop a safe and physiologically effective hydrogels which are patient compliant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakara Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinod Parth
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Duxfield L, Sultana R, Wang R, Englebretsen V, Deo S, Rupenthal ID, Al-Kassas R. Ocular delivery systems for topical application of anti-infective agents. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:1-11. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1070171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Duxfield
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
| | - Rubab Sultana
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
| | - Ruokai Wang
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
| | - Vanessa Englebretsen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
| | - Samantha Deo
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
| | - Ilva D. Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and
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Bermudez JM, Cid AG, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Quinteros D, Simonazzi A, Sánchez Bruni S, Palma S. Challenges and opportunities in polymer technology applied to veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:105-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bermudez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - A. G. Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - D. Quinteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Simonazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - S. Sánchez Bruni
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires; CONICET; Tandil Argentina
| | - S. Palma
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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Moosa RM, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Carmichael T, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Pillay V. A review of topically administered mini-tablets for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:490-506. [PMID: 24635554 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human eye is a unique and intricate structure which has made drug delivery to the eye a formidable undertaking. Anterior-segment eye diseases are ubiquitous, especially among elderly patients, and conventional eye drops, although a first-choice dosage form, are not always an efficient treatment option. The development of novel drug delivery systems for improved treatment is therefore imperative. KEY FINDINGS In an attempt to circumvent the obstacles presented by the structure of the eye, advanced systems such as ocular mini-tablets have been developed. In this review, a concerted effort has been made to provide a detailed overview of topically administered ocular mini-tablets and other solid devices for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. These mini-tablets have been shown in vitro and in vivo to have significant advantages in comparison with liquid preparations. This is a step toward attaining better patient convenience and compliance, which are critical factors. SUMMARY Solid ophthalmic dosage forms have several advantages that can contribute to assisting with patient compliance and, ultimately, effective disease treatment. In addition to the challenges associated with topical ocular drug delivery, the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, advantages of mini-tablets, and improvements to date to these systems are discussed. The requirement for further advancements in the ocular field is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa M Moosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jain D, Carvalho E, Banthia AK, Banerjee R. Development of polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin membranes for antibiotic delivery in the eye. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:167-77. [PMID: 21073319 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.502533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to develop biosynthetic hybrid polymer-based ocular insert for topical administration of antibiotics for treatment of ocular infections. METHODS Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded three different inserts were prepared by solution casting method by esterification of a biopolymer (gelatin) with a synthetic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA). Esterification between PVA and gelatin was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Inserts were found to be wettable and swellable with simulated tear fluid and had a contact angle <50° with simulated tear fluid. Mechanical properties of PVA-gelatin (10:3 wt%) inserts included a maximal tensile strength of 8.6 ± 2 MPa and the inserts showed adequate mucoadhesion with reconstituted mucin. In vitro drug release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for up to 24 hours was observed from the inserts. Inserts were found to be biocompatible using SIRC rabbit corneal epithelial cell line by sulforhodamine B assay and by Draize test in albino rabbits. Further inserts showed higher ocular penetration of sodium fluorescein in goat eye as compared to eyedrop solution. CONCLUSIONS In brief, the study suggests that PVA-gelatin polymeric blends are promising as ocular inserts for prolonged release of antibiotic in the eye as compared to eyedrops. Such inserts may also be therapeutically beneficial for treatment of corneal ulcers and external ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
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12
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Drug transport in HEMA conjunctival inserts containing precipitated drug particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 347:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Viciosa MT, Correia NT, Sánchez MS, Gómez Ribelles JL, Dionísio M. Molecular Dynamics of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Glass Former: Influence of Different Crystallization Pathways. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14196-208. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María T. Viciosa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal., Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain, and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natália T. Correia
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal., Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain, and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmerón Sánchez
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal., Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain, and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L. Gómez Ribelles
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal., Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain, and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - Madalena Dionísio
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal., Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain, and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
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Viciosa MT, Correia NT, Sanchez MS, Carvalho AL, Romão MJ, Gómez Ribelles JL, Dionísio M. Real-Time Monitoring of Molecular Dynamics of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Glass Former. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14209-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Viciosa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - N. T. Correia
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - M. Salmerón Sanchez
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - A. L. Carvalho
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - M. J. Romão
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - J. L. Gómez Ribelles
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
| | - M. Dionísio
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda
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Soulas DN, Sanopoulou M, Papadokostaki KG. Comparative study of the release kinetics of osmotically active solutes from hydrophobic elastomeric matrices combined with the characterization of the depleted matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Smolensky MH, Peppas NA. Chronobiology, drug delivery, and chronotherapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:828-51. [PMID: 17884237 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological processes and functions are organized in space, as a physical anatomy, and time, as a biological time structure. The latter is expressed by short-, intermediate-, and long-period oscillations, i.e., biological rhythms. The circadian (24-h) time structure has been most studied and shows great importance to the practice of medicine and pharmacotherapy of patients. The phase and amplitude of key physiological and biochemical circadian rhythms contribute to the known predictable-in-time patterns in the occurrence of serious and life-threatening medical events, like myocardial infraction and stroke, and the manifestation and severity of symptoms of chronic diseases, like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arthritis. Moreover, body rhythms can significantly affect responses of patients to diagnostic tests and, most important to the theme of this special issue, medications. Rhythmicity in the pathophysiology of disease is one basis for chronotherapeutics--purposeful variation in time of the concentration of medicines in synchrony with biological rhythm determinants of disease activity--to optimize treatment outcomes. A second basis is the control of undesired effects of medications, especially when the therapeutic range is narrow and the potential for adverse effects high, which is the case for cancer drugs. A third basis is to meet the biological requirements for frequency-modulated drug delivery, which is the case for certain neuroendocrine peptide analogues. Great progress has been realized with hydrogels, and they offer many advantages and opportunities in the design of chronotherapeutic systems for drug delivery via the oral, buccal, nasal, subcutaneous, transdermal, rectal, and vaginal routes. Nonetheless, innovative delivery systems will be necessary to ensure optimal application of chronotherapeutic interventions. Next generation drug-delivery systems must be configurable so they (i) require minimal volitional adherence, (ii) respond to sensitive biomarkers of disease activity that often vary in time as periodic (circadian rhythmic) and non-periodic (random) patterns to release medication to targeted tissue(s) on a real time as needed basis, and (iii) are cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smolensky
- School of Public Health, RAS, W606, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Edsman K, Hägerström H. Pharmaceutical applications of mucoadhesion for the non-oral routes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57:3-22. [PMID: 15638988 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of pharmaceutical formulations to the mucosal tissue offers the possibility of creating an intimate and prolonged contact at the site of administration. This prolonged residence time can result in enhanced absorption and, in combination with a controlled release of the drug, also improved patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration. During the almost 30 years over which mucoadhesion has been studied, a considerable amount of knowledge has been gained, and much has been learned about the different mechanisms occurring at the formulation-mucus interface and the properties that affect these mechanisms. The in-vivo performance of a dosage form not only depends on the mechanisms occurring at the interface, but also on the properties of the total mucoadhesive complex: the dosage form, the mucosa and the interface between them. A wide variety of methods are used for studying mucoadhesion; some rather similar to the in-vivo situation and some mimicking the interface alone. In this review, the mucus surface, the methods used for the study of mucoadhesion, the different mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion and theories underpinning them have been described. The complexity of mucoadhesion when trying to systemize the subject will also be discussed. The last part of the review describes the buccal, nasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal routes and provides examples of what can be achieved in-vivo when using mucoadhesive formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Edsman
- Dept of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P. O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Weyenberg W, Vermeire A, Remon JP, Ludwig A. Characterization and in vivo evaluation of ocular bioadhesive minitablets compressed at different forces. J Control Release 2003; 89:329-40. [PMID: 12711455 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the compression force on the physical properties, the in vitro release and the in vivo behavior of ocular minitablets is evaluated in the present study. The bioerodible minitablets (Ø 2 mm, 6 mg) were produced at different compression forces. The crushing strength, friability, water uptake, hydration and swelling of the minitablets both in vitro as well as in vivo after application in the cul-de-sac were evaluated. The friability remained below 1% only for the minitablets made at 0.500 and 0.750 kN. The crushing strength measured was 3.53+/-0.98, 12.34+/-1.69 and 18.64+/-2.37 N for minitablets made at 0.250, 0.500 and 0.750 kN, respectively. The full hydration time equalled 20 and 30 min for minitablets compressed at 0.250 kN and 0.500-0.750 kN, respectively. Increasing the compression force resulted in a decreased swelling capacity. The in vivo release was evaluated in healthy volunteers using a non-invasive method to measure the apparent sodium fluorescein concentration in the tearfilm-cornea compartment as a function of time. The longest residence time of the fluorescent tracer at the administration site was obtained by the minitablets compressed at 0.750 kN. The in vitro release was evaluated with three different dissolution methods: the reciprocating cylinder method, vials in an oscillatory shaking bath and a static method with vials. The best correlation with the in vivo behavior of the matrix minitablets was obtained with the shaking bath method.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Weyenberg
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kaur IP, Smitha R. Penetration enhancers and ocular bioadhesives: two new avenues for ophthalmic drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28:353-69. [PMID: 12056529 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the two avenues of development that promise a major impact on future ocular drug therapeutics: bioadhesives, including hydrogels and other agents like carbopols, polyacrylic acids, chitosan, etc., and penetration enhancers, including different surfactants, calcium chelators, etc. The capacity of some polymers to adhere to the mucin coat covering the conjunctiva and the corneal surface of the eye forms the basis for ocular mucoadhesion. These systems markedly prolong the residence time of a drug in the conjunctival sac, since clearence is now controlled by the much slower rate of mucus turnover rather than the tear turnover rate. But improving the corneal drug retention alone is inadequate in bringing about a significant improvement of drug bioavailability. Another approach consists of transiently increasing the pentration characteristics of the cornea with appropriate substances, known as penetration enhancers or absorption promoters. The main aim of this article is to give an insight into the potential application of mucoadhesives and corneal penetration enhancers for the conception of innovative opthalmic delivery appraoches, to decrease the systemic side effects, and create a more focused effect, which may be achieved with lower doses of the drug. Ophthalmic formulations based on these mucoadhesives and penetration enhancers are simple to manufacture and exhibit an excellent tolerance when administered into the cornea. The use of the former considerably prolongs the corneal contact time and the use of the latter increases the rate and amount of drug transport. The various corneal epithelial barriers along with the major routes of transport of drugs are discussed. The article includes a list of the various substances in use or under investigation for the aforementioned properties, along with their mechanisms of action. A fair appraisal of the subject with regard to these two therapeutic approaches and any expected ill effects has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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