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Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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Li M, Fan Y, Ran M, Chen H, Han J, Zhai J, Wang Z, Ning C, Shi Z, Yu P. Hydrogel Coatings of Implants for Pathological Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401296. [PMID: 38794971 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are well-suited for biomedical applications due to their numerous advantages, such as excellent bioactivity, versatile physical and chemical properties, and effective drug delivery capabilities. Recently, hydrogel coatings have developed to functionalize bone implants which are biologically inert and cannot withstand the complex bone tissue repair microenvironment. These coatings have shown promise in addressing unique and pressing medical needs. This review begins with the major functionalized performance and interfacial bonding strategy of hydrogel coatings, with a focus on the novel external field response properties of the hydrogel. Recent advances in the fabrication strategies of hydrogel coatings and their use in the treatment of pathologic bone regeneration are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in the evolution and application of physiological environment-responsive and external electric field-responsive hydrogel coatings for bone implants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youzhun Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Maofei Ran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jien Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Rajankunte Mahadeshwara M, Al-Jawad M, Hall RM, Pandit H, El-Gendy R, Bryant M. How Do Cartilage Lubrication Mechanisms Fail in Osteoarthritis? A Comprehensive Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:541. [PMID: 38927777 PMCID: PMC11200606 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is a characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA), which is often observed in aging populations. This degeneration is due to the breakdown of articular cartilage (AC) mechanical and tribological properties primarily attributed to lubrication failure. Understanding the reasons behind these failures and identifying potential solutions could have significant economic and societal implications, ultimately enhancing quality of life. This review provides an overview of developments in the field of AC, focusing on its mechanical and tribological properties. The emphasis is on the role of lubrication in degraded AC, offering insights into its structure and function relationship. Further, it explores the fundamental connection between AC mechano-tribological properties and the advancement of its degradation and puts forth recommendations for strategies to boost its lubrication efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Rajankunte Mahadeshwara
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (M.A.-J.); (R.E.-G.)
| | - Maisoon Al-Jawad
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (M.A.-J.); (R.E.-G.)
| | - Richard M. Hall
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK;
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (M.A.-J.); (R.E.-G.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 3, Ismailia Governorate 8366004, Egypt
| | - Michael Bryant
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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Petelinšek N, Mommer S. Tough Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307404. [PMID: 38225751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Tough hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of materials to target load-bearing applications, where the material has to resist multiple cycles of extreme mechanical impact. A variety of chemical interactions and network architectures are used to enhance the mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of hydrogels making them stiffer and tougher. In recent years, the mechanical properties of tough, high-performance hydrogels have been benchmarked, however, this is often incomplete as important variables like water content are largely ignored. In this review, the aim is to clarify the reported mechanical properties of state-of-the-art tough hydrogels by providing a comprehensive library of fracture and mechanical property data. First, common methods for mechanical characterization of such high-performance hydrogels are introduced. Then, various modes of energy dissipation to obtain tough hydrogels are discussed and used to categorize the individual datasets helping to asses the material's (fracture) mechanical properties. Finally, current applications are considered, tough high-performance hydrogels are compared with existing materials, and promising future opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Petelinšek
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mommer
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Zhao D, Saiding Q, Li Y, Tang Y, Cui W. Bone Organoids: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302088. [PMID: 38079529 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects stemming from tumorous growths, traumatic events, and diverse conditions present a profound conundrum in clinical practice and research. While bone has the inherent ability to regenerate, substantial bone anomalies require bone regeneration techniques. Bone organoids represent a new concept in this field, involving the 3D self-assembly of bone-associated stem cells guided in vitro with or without extracellular matrix material, resulting in a tissue that mimics the structural, functional, and genetic properties of native bone tissue. Within the scientific panorama, bone organoids ascend to an esteemed status, securing significant experimental endorsement. Through a synthesis of current literature and pioneering studies, this review offers a comprehensive survey of the bone organoid paradigm, delves into the quintessential architecture and ontogeny of bone, and highlights the latest progress in bone organoid fabrication. Further, existing challenges and prospective directions for future research are identified, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration to fully harness the potential of this burgeoning domain. Conclusively, as bone organoid technology continues to mature, its implications for both clinical and research landscapes are poised to be profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Song J, Zeng X, Li C, Yin H, Mao S, Ren D. Alteration in cartilage matrix stiffness as an indicator and modulator of osteoarthritis. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231730. [PMID: 38014522 PMCID: PMC10794814 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degeneration and destruction, leading to joint ankylosis and disability. The major challenge in diagnosing OA at early stage is not only lack of clinical symptoms but also the insufficient histological and immunohistochemical signs. Alteration in cartilage stiffness during OA progression, especially at OA initiation, has been confirmed by growing evidences. Moreover, the stiffness of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), pericellular matrix (PCM) and chondrocytes during OA development are dynamically changed in unique and distinct fashions, revealing possibly inconsistent conclusions when detecting cartilage matrix stiffness at different locations and scales. In addition, it will be discussed regarding the mechanisms through which OA-related cartilage degenerations exhibit stiffened or softened matrix, highlighting some critical events that generally incurred to cartilage stiffness alteration, as well as some typical molecules that participated in constituting the mechanical properties of cartilage. Finally, in vitro culturing chondrocytes in various stiffness-tunable scaffolds provided a reliable method to explore the matrix stiffness-dependent modulation of chondrocyte metabolism, which offers valuable information on optimizing implant scaffolds to maximally promote cartilage repair and regeneration during OA. Overall, this review systematically and comprehensively elucidated the current progresses in the relationship between cartilage stiffness alteration and OA progression. We hope that deeper attention and understanding in this researching field will not only develop more innovative methods in OA early detection and diagnose but also provide promising ideas in OA therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Qingdao University Affiliated Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
| | - Chenzhi Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
| | - Sui Mao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, CN, China
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Woodbury SM, Swanson WB, Mishina Y. Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220555. [PMID: 37520820 PMCID: PMC10373313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Woodbury
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Physics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W. Benton Swanson
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Chang CW, Chen YN, Chang HC, Li CT. Biomechanical comparison of different screw-included angles in crossing screw fixation for transverse patellar fracture in level walking: a quasi-dynamic finite element study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 36593454 PMCID: PMC9808985 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minimally invasive technique with various screw configurations without open surgery is currently used for the fixation of transverse patellar fractures. Percutaneous crossing screw configuration has been reported to have a good bone union rate in patellar fractures. However, the difference in mechanical stability of the fractured patella between different screw-included angles has not been fully investigated. Hence, this study aims to compare the mechanical stability of parallel and crossing screw fixations with different screw-included angles for the fixation of transverse patellar fractures during level walking. METHODS A finite element knee model containing a patella with a transverse fracture is created. Two headless compression screws with different angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) are used to fix the fracture. The loading conditions of the knee joint during level walking are used to compare the stability of the fractured patella with different fixation screw configurations. RESULTS The results indicate that the maximum fracture gap opening distance increased with an increase in the included angle. Two parallel screws yield the smallest gap distance among all screw configurations. The maximum gap opening distances at the anterior leading edge of the fractured patella with two parallel screws and two screws having an included angle of 90° are 0.73 mm and 1.31 mm, respectively, at 15% walking cycle. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, the superior performance of two parallel screws over crossing screw fixations in the fixation of transverse patellar fractures is established. Furthermore, the smaller the angle between the crossing screws, the better is the stability of the fractured patella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ,grid.412040.30000 0004 0639 0054Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nien Chen
- grid.252470.60000 0000 9263 9645Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, NO.500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, 413305 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Chang
- grid.411432.10000 0004 1770 3722Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Li
- grid.452449.a0000 0004 1762 5613Institute of Geriatric Welfare Technology & Science, MacKay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 25245 Taiwan
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Dehghan-Baniani D, Mehrjou B, Chu PK, Lee WYW, Wu H. Recent Advances in "Functional Engineering of Articular Cartilage Zones by Polymeric Biomaterials Mediated with Physical, Mechanical, and Biological/Chemical Cues". Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202581. [PMID: 36571465 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) plays an unquestionable role in joint movements but unfortunately the healing capacity is restricted due to its avascular and acellular nature. While cartilage tissue engineering has been lifesaving, it is very challenging to remodel the complex cartilage composition and architecture with gradient physio-mechanical properties vital to proper tissue functions. To address these issues, a better understanding of the intrinsic AC properties and how cells respond to stimuli from the external microenvironment must be better understood. This is essential in order to take one step closer to producing functional cartilaginous constructs for clinical use. Recently, biopolymers have aroused much attention due to their versatility, processability, and flexibility because the properties can be tailored to match the requirements of AC. This review highlights polymeric scaffolds developed in the past decade for reconstruction of zonal AC layers including the superficial zone, middle zone, and deep zone by means of exogenous stimuli such as physical, mechanical, and biological/chemical signals. The mimicked properties are reviewed in terms of the biochemical composition and organization, cell fate (morphology, orientation, and differentiation), as well as mechanical properties and finally, the challenges and potential ways to tackle them are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Dehghan-Baniani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Babak Mehrjou
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk Wai Lee
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, CUHK InnoHK Centres, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Cao H, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Guo W. Unbiased transcriptome mapping and modeling identify candidate genes and compounds of osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888533. [PMID: 36034872 PMCID: PMC9399521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation. Given that the current therapies for advanced OA patients are limited, the understanding of mechanisms and novel therapies are urgently needed. In this study, we employed the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) method and the connectivity map (CMap) database to identify the candidate target genes and potential compounds. Four groups of co-expressing genes were identified as the OA-related modules. The biological annotations of these modules indicated some critical hallmarks of OA and aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunctions and abnormal energy metabolism, and the signaling pathways, such as MAPK, TNF, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Some genes, such as RELA and GADD45B, were predicted to extensively involve these critical pathways, indicating their potential functions in OA mechanisms. Moreover, we constructed the co-expressing networks of modules and identified the hub genes based on network topology. GADD45B, MAFF, and MYC were identified and validated as the hub genes. Finally, anisomycin and MG-262 were predicted to target these OA-related modules, which may be the potential drugs for OA therapy. In conclusion, this study identified the significant modules, signaling pathways, and hub genes relevant to OA and highlighted the potential clinical value of anisomycin and MG-262 as novel therapies in OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Fu
- The First Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenzhen Zhang, ; Weichun Guo,
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenzhen Zhang, ; Weichun Guo,
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11
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Gheorghevici T, Carata E, Sirbu PD, Alexa O, Poroh MG, Filip A, Forna N, Puha B. An original method of simulating the articular cartilage in the context of in vitro biomechanical studies investigating the proximal femur. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:202. [PMID: 35126705 PMCID: PMC8794553 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical testing is a necessity given the development of novel implants used in the osteosynthesis of hip fractures. The purpose of biomechanical testing is to recreate realistic conditions similar to the in vivo conditions. Although biomechanical testing of hip arthroplasty has been standardized since the 1970s, there is no consensus at present on testing methodology for osteosynthesis of hip fractures. Most biomechanical studies examining the fractures of the proximal femur in order to optimize implants opt for loading the bone-implant ensemble directly on the femoral head or using a metallic loading part. This loading technique fails to perform a mechanical stress distribution similar to in vivo conditions, which could alter the outcome. The present study aimed to design loading/unloading cups with mechanical properties that resemble those of the cartilage at the hip level. Through the impression and scanning of the cast models obtained, a digital 3D model was created in STL format and this was processed in order to obtain the computer numerical control (CNC) trajectories of the printing head. For prototyping using additive manufacturing technology, a thermoplastic polymer with biochemical properties, such as tensile strength, that resemble those of the adult hip and a Stratasys FORTUS 250 mc CNC machine were used. Loading/unloading cups with similar anatomy and biomechanical forces compared with those of the adult hip were created, which allowed the experimental simulation of the conditions during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Gheorghevici
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, ‘Sf. Spiridon’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eugen Carata
- Department of Machine‑Tools and Equipment of The Faculty of Machine Constructions and Industrial Management, ‘Gheorghe Asachi’ Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Dan Sirbu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Alexa
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, ‘Sf. Spiridon’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela-Gabi Poroh
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filip
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Norin Forna
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Puha
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, ‘Sf. Spiridon’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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12
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Blom RP, Mol D, van Ruijven LJ, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Smit TH. A Single Axial Impact Load Causes Articular Damage That Is Not Visible with Micro-Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study on Caprine Tibiotalar Joints. Cartilage 2021; 13:1490S-1500S. [PMID: 31540553 PMCID: PMC8804841 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519876353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive articular loading, for example, an ankle sprain, may result in focal osteochondral damage, initiating a vicious degenerative process resulting in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Better understanding of this degenerative process would allow improving posttraumatic care with the aim to prevent PTOA. The primary objective of this study was to establish a drop-weight impact testing model with controllable, reproducible and quantitative axial impact loads to induce osteochondral damage in caprine tibiotalar joints. We aimed to induce osteochondral damage on microscale level of the tibiotalar joint without gross intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond. DESIGN Fresh-frozen tibiotalar joints of mature goats were used as ex vivo articulating joint models. Specimens were axially impacted by a mass of 10.5 kg dropped from a height of 0.3 m, resulting in a speed of 2.4 m/s, an impact energy of 31.1 J and an impact impulse of 25.6 N·s. Potential osteochondral damage of the caprine tibiotalar joints was assessed using contrast-enhanced high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Subsequently, we performed quasi-static loading experiments to determine postimpact mechanical behavior of the tibiotalar joints. RESULTS Single axial impact loads with a mass of 15.5 kg dropped from 0.3 m, resulted in intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond, where a mass of 10.55 kg dropped from 0.3 m did not result in any macroscopic damage. In addition, contrast-enhanced high-resolution micro-CT imaging neither reveal any acute microdamage (i.e., microcracks) of the subchondral bone nor any (micro)structural changes in articular cartilage. The Hexabrix content or voxel density (i.e., proteoglycan content of the articular cartilage) on micro-CT did not show any differences between intact and impacted specimens. However, quasi-static whole-tibiotalar-joint loading showed an altered biomechanical behavior after application of a single axial impact (i.e., increased hysteresis when compared with the intact or nonimpacted specimens). CONCLUSIONS Single axial impact loads did not induce osteochondral damage visible with high-resolution contrast-enhanced micro-CT. However, despite the lack of damage on macro- and even microscale, the single axial impact loads resulted in "invisible injuries" because of the observed changes in the whole-joint biomechanics of the caprine tibiotalar joints. Future research must focus on diagnostic tools for the detection of early changes in articular cartilage after a traumatic impact (i.e., ankle sprains or ankle fractures), as it is well known that this could result in PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P. Blom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Douwe Mol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Leo J. van Ruijven
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and
Functional Anatomy, ACTA–University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam
Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands,Academic Center for Evidence-Based
Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports
(ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo H. Smit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands,Theo H. Smit, Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the
Netherlands.
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13
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Ukai T, Sato M, Wasai S, Takahashi T, Omura H, Watanabe M. Comparison of properties determined using electromechanical assessment (Arthro-BST™) with macroscopic and histological properties in symptomatic human articular cartilage of the hip. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:227. [PMID: 34465392 PMCID: PMC8406846 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage degeneration is assessed using various methods. Although macroscopic evaluation can directly measure cartilage degeneration, it cannot accurately assess cartilage properties. Histological examination is one of the most accurate methods for evaluating cartilage degeneration. However, it is invasive and requires collection of cartilage tissue. In contrast, the Arthro-BST™ probe can assess cartilage properties noninvasively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Arthro-BST in assessing cartilage degeneration by comparing macroscopic (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] classification) and histological evaluations (modified Mankin score and Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] histological grade). METHODS Fourteen femoral heads were excised from 13 patients during surgery to treat hip osteoarthritis or femoral fracture. The ICRS score was used for macroscopic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. The Arthro-BST was applied at sites matching the areas of cartilage damage. The sites assessed using the ICRS classification and Arthro-BST were evaluated histologically (modified Mankin score and OARSI histological grade), and these were compared with the Arthro-BST results. RESULTS The ICRS classification identified significant differences between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.01), between grades 1 and 4 (p < 0.01), between grades 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), and between grades 2 and 4 (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were observed between the Arthro-BST results and the ICRS score, modified Mankin score (structure, cellularity, matrix staining, total score), and OARSI histological grade. CONCLUSIONS In the assessment of hip osteoarthritis, the Arthro-BST results correlated with those of macroscopic and histological evaluations. The Arthro-BST is useful for assessing hip osteoarthritis and may be helpful for noninvasive assessment of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Ukai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan. .,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Shiho Wasai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Omura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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14
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Silver FH, Kelkar N, Deshmukh T. Molecular Basis for Mechanical Properties of ECMs: Proposed Role of Fibrillar Collagen and Proteoglycans in Tissue Biomechanics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1018. [PMID: 34356642 PMCID: PMC8301845 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen and proteoglycans work in unison in the ECM to bear loads, store elastic energy and then dissipate excess energy to avoid tissue fatigue and premature mechanical failure. While collagen fibers store elastic energy by stretching the flexible regions in the triple helix, they do so by lowering their free energy through a reduction in the entropy and a decrease in charge-charge repulsion. Entropic increases occur when the load is released that drive the reversibility of the process and transmission of excess energy. Energy is dissipated by sliding of collagen fibrils by each other with the aid of decorin molecules that reside on the d and e bands of the native D repeat pattern. Fluid flow from the hydration layer associated with the decorin and collagen fibrils hydraulically dissipates energy during sliding. The deformation is reversed by osmotic forces that cause fluid to reform a hydration shell around the collagen fibrils when the loads are removed. In this paper a model is presented describing the organization of collagen fibers in the skin and cell-collagen mechanical relationships that exist based on non-invasive measurements made using vibrational optical coherence tomography. It is proposed that under external stress, collagen fibers form a tensional network in the plane of the skin. Collagen fiber tension along with forces generated by fibroblasts exerted on collagen fibers lead to an elastic modulus that is almost uniform throughout the plane of the skin. Tensile forces acting on cells and tissues may provide a baseline for stimulation of normal mechanotransduction. We hypothesize that during aging, changes in cellular metabolism, cell-collagen interactions and light and UV light exposure cause down regulation of mechanotransduction and tissue metabolism leading to tissue atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick H. Silver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Nikita Kelkar
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tanmay Deshmukh
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
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15
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Sowmya B, Hemavathi AB, Panda PK. Poly (ε-caprolactone)-based electrospun nano-featured substrate for tissue engineering applications: a review. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:91-117. [PMID: 34075571 PMCID: PMC8271057 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of normal functioning of damaged body tissues is one of the major objectives of tissue engineering. Scaffolds are generally used as artificial supports and as substrates for regenerating new tissues and should closely mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The materials used for fabricating scaffolds must be biocompatible, non-cytotoxic and bioabsorbable/biodegradable. For this application, specifically biopolymers such as PLA, PGA, PTMC, PCL etc. satisfying the above criteria are promising materials. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one such potential candidate which can be blended with other materials forming blends, copolymers and composites with the essential physiochemical and mechanical properties as per the requirement. Nanofibrous scaffolds are fabricated by various techniques such as template synthesis, fiber drawing, phase separation, self-assembly, electrospinning etc. Among which electrospinning is the most popular and versatile technique. It is a clean, simple, tunable and viable technique for fabrication of polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds. The design and fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are of intense research interest over the recent years. These scaffolds offer a unique architecture at nano-scale with desired porosity for selective movement of small molecules and form a suitable three-dimensional matrix similar to ECM. This review focuses on PCL synthesis, modifications, properties and scaffold fabrication techniques aiming at the targeted tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sowmya
- Materials Science Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, 560017, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - A B Hemavathi
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, 570 006, India
| | - P K Panda
- Materials Science Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, 560017, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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16
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Distler T, Polley C, Shi F, Schneidereit D, Ashton MD, Friedrich O, Kolb JF, Hardy JG, Detsch R, Seitz H, Boccaccini AR. Electrically Conductive and 3D-Printable Oxidized Alginate-Gelatin Polypyrrole:PSS Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001876. [PMID: 33711199 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive hydrogels can be used to influence cell response and maturation by electrical stimulation. However, hydrogel formulations which are 3D printable, electroactive, cytocompatible, and allow cell adhesion, remain a challenge in the design of such stimuli-responsive biomaterials for tissue engineering. Here, a combination of pyrrole with a high gelatin-content oxidized alginate-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogel is reported, offering 3D-printability of hydrogel precursors to prepare cytocompatible and electrically conductive hydrogel scaffolds. By oxidation of pyrrole, electroactive polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate (PPy:PSS) is synthesized inside the ADA-GEL matrix. The hydrogels are assessed regarding their electrical/mechanical properties, 3D-printability, and cytocompatibility. It is possible to prepare open-porous scaffolds via bioplotting which are electrically conductive and have a higher cell seeding efficiency in scaffold depth in comparison to flat 2D hydrogels, which is confirmed via multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The formation of an interpenetrating polypyrrole matrix in the hydrogel matrix increases the conductivity and stiffness of the hydrogels, maintaining the capacity of the gels to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The results demonstrate that a 3D-printable ADA-GEL can be rendered conductive (ADA-GEL-PPy:PSS), and that such hydrogel formulations have promise for cell therapies, in vitro cell culture, and electrical-stimulation assisted tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Christian Polley
- Chair of Microfluidics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Fukun Shi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Mark. D. Ashton
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Jürgen F. Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
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17
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Dehghan‐Baniani D, Mehrjou B, Chu PK, Wu H. A Biomimetic Nano-Engineered Platform for Functional Tissue Engineering of Cartilage Superficial Zone. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001018. [PMID: 32803848 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has limited regeneration capacity because of its acellular and avascular nature. Although tissue engineering has been shown to be life-saving, reforming cartilage zones required by the appropriate tissue functions are challenging. Herein, the need is addressed by designing and producing a nano-engineered structure mimicking the superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage. The substrate is based on silk with good mechanical properties in conjunction with nano-topographical and biochemical cues. Nanopillar arrays are produced on the silk surface to regulate the stem cell morphology rendering them with a flattened ellipsoidal shape that is similar to that of chondrocytes in the SZ of natural cartilage. The cell interactions are enhanced by nitrogen ion implantation and the biomolecule, kartogenin (KGN), is loaded to promote chondrogenesis of the stem cells and furthermore, a thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel is formed on the nanopatterned silk to produce rheological properties similar to those of a synovial fluid. Based on the in vitro results and mechanical properties, it is a desirable implantable smart structure mimicking the cartilage SZ with the ability of continuous drug release for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Dehghan‐Baniani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Babak Mehrjou
- Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital 1 Panfu Rd, Yuexiu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
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18
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Spangenberg J, Kilian D, Czichy C, Ahlfeld T, Lode A, Günther S, Odenbach S, Gelinsky M. Bioprinting of Magnetically Deformable Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:648-662. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Spangenberg
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charis Czichy
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Odenbach
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Peng Z, Sun H, Bunpetch V, Koh Y, Wen Y, Wu D, Ouyang H. The regulation of cartilage extracellular matrix homeostasis in joint cartilage degeneration and regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120555. [PMID: 33285440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability and socioeconomic loss worldwide. However, the current pharmacological approaches used to treat OA are largely palliative. Being the hallmark of OA, the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction and abnormal homeostasis is gaining more attention as a therapeutic target in cartilage regeneration. Moreover, during the progression of OA, the cartilage ECM shows significant pathological alternations, which can be promising biomarkers in identifying the pathological stages of OA. In this review, we summarize the role of abnormal ECM homeostasis in the joint cartilage during OA. Furthermore, we provide an update on the cartilage ECM derived biomarkers and regenerative medicine therapies targeting cartilage ECM which includes preclinical animal models study and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Varitsara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Koh
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, And Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, And Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Missel PJ, Ma Y, McDonell BW, Shahmirzadi D, Abulon DJK, Sarangapani R. Simulation of Vitreous Traction Force and Flow Rate of High Speed Dual-Pneumatic 7500 Cuts Per Minute Vitrectomy Probes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:46. [PMID: 32855892 PMCID: PMC7422778 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop methods to simulate vitreous flow and traction during vitrectomy and qualify these methods using laboratory measurements. Methods Medium viscosity and phase treatment were adjusted to represent vitreous (Eulerian two-phase flow) or saline solution (single-phase Navier-Stokes flow). Retinal traction was approximated using a one-way fluid-structure interaction simulating cut vitreous volume coupled to a structural simulation of elastic stretching of a cylinder representing vitreous fibers entrained in the flow. Results Simulated saline solution flow decreased, but vitreous flow increased with increasing cut rate, consistent with experimental trends observed for the 50/50 duty cycle mode. Traction simulations reproduced all trends in variation of traction force with changes in conditions. Simulations reproduced the majority of traction measurements within experimental error. Conclusions A scientific basis is provided for understanding how flow and traction vary with operational parameters. This model-based analysis serves as a “virtual lab” to determine optimal system settings to maximize flow efficiency while reducing traction. Translational Relevance The model provides a better understanding regarding how instrument settings can help control a vitrectomy procedure so that it can be made as efficient as possible (maximizing the rate of vitreous removal) while at the same time being made as safe as possible (minimizing retinal traction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Missel
- Data Science and Digital Solutions, Alcon Vision, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yongting Ma
- Data Science and Digital Solutions, Alcon Vision, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Brian W McDonell
- Surgical Instrumentation, Alcon Research, Ltd., Lake Forest, CA, USA
| | - Danial Shahmirzadi
- Data Science and Digital Solutions, Alcon Vision, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Ramesh Sarangapani
- Data Science and Digital Solutions, Alcon Vision, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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21
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Computational study on synovial fluid flow behaviour in cartilage contact gap under osteoarthritic condition. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Oflaz H, Gunal I. Maximum loading of carpal bones during movements: a finite element study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 29:47-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Wong SA, Rivera KO, Miclau T, Alsberg E, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. Microenvironmental Regulation of Chondrocyte Plasticity in Endochondral Repair-A New Frontier for Developmental Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:58. [PMID: 29868574 PMCID: PMC5962790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of fractures heal through the process of endochondral ossification, in which a cartilage intermediate forms between the fractured bone ends and is gradually replaced with bone. Recent studies have provided genetic evidence demonstrating that a significant portion of callus chondrocytes transform into osteoblasts that derive the new bone. This evidence has opened a new field of research aimed at identifying the regulatory mechanisms that govern chondrocyte transformation in the hope of developing improved fracture therapies. In this article, we review known and candidate molecular pathways that may stimulate chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transformation during endochondral fracture repair. We also examine additional extrinsic factors that may play a role in modulating chondrocyte and osteoblast fate during fracture healing such as angiogenesis and mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Taken together the mechanisms reviewed here demonstrate the promising potential of using developmental engineering to design therapeutic approaches that activate endogenous healing pathways to stimulate fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin O Rivera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Nelson FRT. The Value of Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis Research. Open Orthop J 2018; 12:105-114. [PMID: 29619124 PMCID: PMC5859455 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001812010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past decade, phenotypes have been used to help categorize knee osteoarthritis patients relative to being subject to disease, disease progression, and treatment response. A review of potential phenotype selection is now appropriate. The appeal of using phenotypes is that they most rely on simple physical examination, clinically routine imaging, and demographics. The purpose of this review is to describe the panoply of phenotypes that can be potentially used in osteoarthritis research. Methods: A search of PubMed was used singularly to review the literature on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes. Results: Four phenotype assembly groups were based on physical features and noninvasive imaging. Demographics included metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Mechanical characteristics included joint morphology, alignment, the effect of injury, and past and present history. Associated musculoskeletal disorder characteristics included multiple joint involvement, spine disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and osteoporosis. With the knee as an organ, tissue characteristics were used to focus on synovium, meniscus, articular cartilage, patella fat pad, bone sclerosis, bone cysts, and location of pain. Discussion: Many of these phenotype clusters require further validation studies. There is special emphasis on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes due to its predominance in osteoarthritic disorders and the variety of tissues in that joint. More research will be required to determine the most productive phenotypes for future studies. Conclusion: The selection and assignment of phenotypes will take on an increasing role in osteoarthritis research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred R T Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd. Detroit Michigan 48202, USA
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25
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Vardar E, Larsson H, Allazetta S, Engelhardt E, Pinnagoda K, Vythilingam G, Hubbell J, Lutolf M, Frey P. Microfluidic production of bioactive fibrin micro-beads embedded in crosslinked collagen used as an injectable bulking agent for urinary incontinence treatment. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:156-166. [PMID: 29197579 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic injection of bulking agents has been widely used to treat urinary incontinence, often due to urethral sphincter complex insufficiency. The aim of the study was to develop a novel injectable bioactive collagen-fibrin bulking agent restoring long-term continence by functional muscle tissue regeneration. Fibrin micro-beads were engineered using a droplet microfluidic system. They had an average diameter of 140 μm and recombinant fibrin-binding insulin-like growth factor-1 (α2PI1-8-MMP-IGF-1) was covalently conjugated to the beads. A plasmin fibrin degradation assay showed that 72.5% of the initial amount of α2PI1-8-MMP-IGF-1 loaded into the micro-beads was retained within the fibrin micro-beads. In vitro, the growth factor modified fibrin micro-beads enhanced cell attachment and the migration of human urinary tract smooth muscle cells, however, no change of the cellular metabolic activity was seen. These bioactive micro-beads were mixed with genipin-crosslinked homogenized collagen, acting as a carrier. The collagen concentration, the degree of crosslinking, and the mechanical behavior of this bioactive collagen-fibrin injectable were comparable to reference samples. This novel injectable showed no burst release of the growth factor, had a positive effect on cell behavior and may therefore induce smooth muscle regeneration in vivo, necessary for the functional treatment of stress and other urinary incontinences. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Urinary incontinence is involuntary urine leakage, resulting from a deficient function of the sphincter muscle complex. Yet there is no functional cure for this devastating condition using current treatment options. Applied physical and surgical therapies have limited success. In this study, a novel bioactive injectable bulking agent, triggering new muscle regeneration at the injection site, has been evaluated. This injectable consists of cross-linked collagen and fibrin micro-beads, functionalized with bound insulin-like growth factor-1 (α2PI1-8-MMP-IGF-1). These bioactive fibrin micro-beads induced human smooth muscle cell migration in vitro. Thus, this injectable bulking agent is apt to be a good candidate for regeneration of urethral sphincter muscle, ensuring a long-lasting treatment for urinary incontinence.
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Peters AE, Comerford EJ, Macaulay S, Bates KT, Akhtar R. Micromechanical properties of canine femoral articular cartilage following multiple freeze-thaw cycles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:114-121. [PMID: 28285060 PMCID: PMC5429396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue material properties are crucial to understanding their mechanical function, both in healthy and diseased states. However, in certain circumstances logistical limitations can prevent testing on fresh samples necessitating one or more freeze-thaw cycles. To date, the nature and extent to which the material properties of articular cartilage are altered by repetitive freezing have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantify how articular cartilage mechanical properties, measured by nanoindentation, are affected by multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Canine cartilage plugs (n = 11) from medial and lateral femoral condyles were submerged in phosphate buffered saline, stored at 3-5°C and tested using nanoindentation within 12h. Samples were then frozen at -20°C and later thawed at 3-5°C for 3h before material properties were re-tested and samples re-frozen under the same conditions. This process was repeated for all 11 samples over three freeze-thaw cycles. Overall mean and standard deviation of shear storage modulus decreased from 1.76 ± 0.78 to 1.21 ± 0.77MPa (p = 0.91), shear loss modulus from 0.42 ± 0.19 to 0.39 ± 0.17MPa (p=0.70) and elastic modulus from 5.13 ± 2.28 to 3.52 ± 2.24MPa (p = 0.20) between fresh and three freeze-thaw cycles respectively. The loss factor increased from 0.31 ± 0.38 to 0.71 ± 1.40 (p = 0.18) between fresh and three freeze-thaw cycles. Inter-sample variability spanned as much as 10.47MPa across freezing cycles and this high-level of biological variability across samples likely explains why overall mean "whole-joint" trends do not reach statistical significance across the storage conditions tested. As a result multiple freeze-thaw cycles cannot be explicitly or statistically linked to mechanical changes within the cartilage. However, the changes in material properties observed herein may be sufficient in magnitude to impact on a variety of clinical and scientific studies of cartilage, and should be considered when planning experimental protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Peters
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK.
| | - Eithne J Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK; Institute of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Sophie Macaulay
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Karl T Bates
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK.
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Van Nieuwenhove I, Salamon A, Peters K, Graulus GJ, Martins JC, Frankel D, Kersemans K, De Vos F, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. Part A: Hydrogel development, characterization and coating. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:129-139. [PMID: 27516257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. For the gelatin hydrogels, three different substitution degrees were evaluated including 31%, 72% and 95%. A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. The storage moduli of the developed materials ranged between 14 and 63kPa. Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Van Nieuwenhove
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Achim Salamon
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Graulus
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Frankel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle, Mertz Court, Claremont Road, NE1 7RU Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics Team, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Waldstein W, Perino G, Gilbert SL, Maher SA, Windhager R, Boettner F. OARSI osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment system: A biomechanical evaluation in the human knee. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:135-40. [PMID: 26250350 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The study compared the OARSI osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment system with the biomechanical quality of human in vivo cartilage samples. In a prospective cohort study, 84 patients (100 knees) with varus deformity of the knee were included between May, 2010 and January, 2012. Osteochondral samples underwent biomechanical and histologic analysis. The dynamic modulus significantly (p < 0.001) decreased with each advancing grade of degeneration from OARSI Grade 0 (surface intact) to OARSI Grade 4 (erosion). For the aggregate modulus, there were significant (p < 0.001) differences between OARSI Grade 0 and OARSI Grade 1 as well as between OARSI Grade 1 and OARSI Grade 2. From OARSI Grade 2 to OARSI Grade 5, no differences in aggregate modulus occurred. The new OARSI grading system provides useful information about the functional properties of cartilage. There is a significant difference in cartilage stiffness between samples with intact surface and no signs of degeneration (OARSI Grade 0) and samples with intact surface and early signs of arthritis (OARSI Grade 1). Surgeons performing joint preserving procedures have to be aware that in knees with an intact cartilage surface (OARSI Grade 0/1), significant differences in the biomechanical properties may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel Waldstein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio Perino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Susannah L Gilbert
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne A Maher
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Boettner
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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Wang XD, Cui SJ, Liu Y, Luo Q, Du RJ, Kou XX, Zhang JN, Zhou YH, Gan YH. Deterioration of mechanical properties of discs in chronically inflamed TMJ. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1170-6. [PMID: 25266714 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs frequently undergo degenerative changes in arthritis. However, the biomechanical properties of pathogenic discs remain to be explored. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic inflammation on the biomechanical properties of TMJ discs in rats. Chronic inflammation of TMJs was induced by double intra-articular injections of complete Freund's adjuvant for 5 weeks, and biomechanical properties and ultrastructure of the discs were examined by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The instantaneous compressive moduli of the anterior and posterior bands of discs in inflamed TMJs were decreased significantly compared with those in the control group. The instantaneous tensile moduli of the discs of inflamed TMJs also showed significant decreases in both the anterior-posterior and mesial-lateral directions. The relaxation moduli of the discs of inflamed TMJs showed nearly the same tendency as the instantaneous moduli. The surfaces of the discs of inflamed TMJs became rough and porous due to the loss of the superficial gel-like stratum, with many collagen fibers exposed and degradation of the sub-superficial collagen fibrils. Our results suggested that chronic inflammation of TMJ could lead to deterioration of mechanical properties and alteration of disc ultrastructure, which might contribute to TMJ disc displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - S J Cui
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - Q Luo
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - R J Du
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - X X Kou
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - J N Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - Y H Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration
| | - Y H Gan
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Waldstein W, Perino G, Jawetz ST, Gilbert SL, Boettner F. Does intraarticular inflammation predict biomechanical cartilage properties? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:2177-84. [PMID: 24664199 PMCID: PMC4048417 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intact cartilage in the lateral compartment is an important requirement for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Progression of cartilage degeneration in the lateral compartment is a common failure mode of medial UKA. Little is known about factors that influence the mechanical properties of lateral compartment cartilage. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purposes of this study were to answer the following questions: (1) Does the synovial fluid white blood cell count predict the biomechanical properties of macroscopically intact cartilage of the distal lateral femur? (2) Is there a correlation between MRI grading of synovitis and the biomechanical properties of macroscopically intact cartilage? (3) Is there a correlation between the histopathologic assessment of the synovium and the biomechanical properties of macroscopically intact cartilage? METHODS The study included 84 patients (100 knees) undergoing primary TKA for varus osteoarthritis between May 2010 and January 2012. All patients underwent preoperative MRI to assess the degree of synovitis. During surgery, the cartilage of the distal lateral femur was assessed macroscopically using the Outerbridge grading scale. In knees with an Outerbridge grade of 0 or 1, osteochondral plugs were harvested from the distal lateral femur for biomechanical and histologic assessment. The synovial fluid was collected to determine the white blood cell count. Synovial tissue was taken for histologic evaluation of the degree of synovitis. RESULTS The mean aggregate modulus and the mean dynamic modulus were significantly greater in knees with 150 or less white blood cells/mL synovial fluid compared with knees with greater than 150 white blood cells/mL synovial fluid. There was no correlation among MRI synovitis grades, histopathologic synovitis grades, and biomechanical cartilage properties. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that lateral compartment cartilage in patients with elevated synovial fluid white blood cell counts has a reduced ability to withstand compressive loads. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel Waldstein
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Giorgio Perino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Shari T. Jawetz
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Friedrich Boettner
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Load transmission characteristics of limited carpal fusions: a two-dimensional finite element study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2014; 25:305-8. [PMID: 24974194 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-014-1495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although limited carpal fusion is a choice of treatment in several wrist disorders, little is known about the biomechanics of these procedures, especially the loads carried by the ligaments. In a finite element study, four types of limited carpal fusions (scaphotrapeziotrapezoid, capitohamate, four corner fusion with and without scaphoid excision) were simulated and the loads carried by the ligaments were recorded. Measurements were repeated with and without implantation. The load transmission through the ligaments varied by the type of the fusion but, radioscaphoid and long radiolunate ligaments carried significantly more loads if not excised during the operation. Implantation did not affect the results in most cases. The model of the present study may be useful in preoperative planning.
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Abstract
Context: Articular cartilage has a unique functional architecture capable of providing a lifetime of pain-free joint motion. This tissue, however, undergoes substantial age-related physiologic, mechanical, biochemical, and functional changes that reduce its ability to overcome the effects of mechanical stress and injury. Many factors affect joint function in the maturing athlete—from chondrocyte survival and metabolism to structural composition and genetic/epigenetic factors governing cartilage and synovium. An evaluation of age-related changes for joint homeostasis and risk for osteoarthritis is important to the development of new strategies to rejuvenate aging joints. Objective: This review summarizes the current literature on the biochemical, cellular, and physiologic changes occurring in aging articular cartilage. Data Sources: PubMed (1969-2013) and published books in sports health, cartilage biology, and aging. Study Selection: Keywords included aging, athlete, articular cartilage, epigenetics, and functional performance with age. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: To be included, research questions addressed the effect of age-related changes on performance, articular cartilage biology, molecular mechanism, and morphology. Results: The mature athlete faces challenges in maintaining cartilage health and joint function due to age-related changes to articular cartilage biology, morphology, and physiology. These changes include chondrocyte loss and a decline in metabolic response, alterations to matrix and synovial tissue composition, and dysregulation of reparative responses. Conclusion: Although physical decline has been regarded as a normal part of aging, many individuals maintain overall fitness and enjoy targeted improvement to their athletic capacity throughout life. Healthy articular cartilage and joints are needed to maintain athletic performance and general activities. Genetic and potentially reversible epigenetic factors influence cartilage physiology and its response to mechanical and injurious stimuli. Improved understandings of the physical and molecular changes to articular cartilage with aging are important to develop successful strategies for joint rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Luria
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Constance R Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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The role of changes in extracellular matrix of cartilage in the presence of inflammation on the pathology of osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:284873. [PMID: 24069595 PMCID: PMC3771246 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects various tissues surrounding joints such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and ligaments. No therapy is currently available to completely prevent the initiation or progression of the disease partly due to poor understanding of the mechanisms of the disease pathology. Cartilage is the main tissue afflicted by OA, and chondrocytes, the sole cellular component in the tissue, actively participate in the degeneration process. Multiple factors affect the development and progression of OA including inflammation that is sustained during the progression of the disease and alteration in biomechanical conditions due to wear and tear or trauma in cartilage. During the progression of OA, extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage is actively remodeled by chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. This alteration of ECM, in turn, changes the biomechanical environment of chondrocytes, which further drives the progression of the disease in the presence of inflammation. The changes in ECM composition and structure also prevent participation of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair process by inhibiting their chondrogenic differentiation. This review focuses on how inflammation-induced ECM remodeling disturbs cellular activities to prevent self-regeneration of cartilage in the pathology of OA.
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Cardoso L, Cowin SC. Role of structural anisotropy of biological tissues in poroelastic wave propagation. MECHANICS OF MATERIALS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2012; 44:174-188. [PMID: 22162897 PMCID: PMC3233242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound waves have a broad range of clinical applications as a non-destructive testing approach in imaging and in the diagnoses of medical conditions. Generally, biological tissues are modeled as an homogenized equivalent medium with an apparent density through which a single wave propagates. Only the first wave arriving at the ultrasound probe is used for the measurement of the speed of sound. However, the existence of a second wave in tissues such as cancellous bone has been reported and its existence is an unequivocal signature of Biot type poroelastic media. To account for the fact that ultrasound is sensitive to microarchitecture as well as density, a fabric-dependent anisotropic poroelastic ultrasound (PEU) propagation theory was recently developed. Key to this development was the inclusion of the fabric tensor - a quantitative stereological measure of the degree of structural anisotropy of bone - into the linear poroelasticity theory. In the present study, this framework is extended to the propagation of waves in several soft and hard tissues. It was found that collagen fibers in soft tissues and the mineralized matrix in hard tissues are responsible for the anisotropy of the solid tissue constituent through the fabric tensor in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cardoso
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031
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Chew SL, Wang K, Chai SP, Goh KL. Elasticity, thermal stability and bioactivity of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes reinforced chitosan-based microfibres. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1365-1374. [PMID: 21505828 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A wet-spinning approach was used to extrude ribbon-like micrometer-thick fibres comprising chitosan with 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% (w/w) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). ANOVA reveals significant variations in the maximum stress (σ), stiffness (E), elastic energy storage (u') and fracture toughness (u) of the microfibres with respect to POSS concentration: σ, u' and u peak at 7% (w/w) but POSS concentration has no effect on E. Scanning electron microscopy of the ruptured microfibres reveals fracture and detachment of POSS precipitates from the chitosan matrix. Bioactivity test using simulated body fluids reveals a net gain in mass (by day 4) and grossly distorted morphology caused by apatite deposition on the microfibre surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that chitin is partially deacetylated into chitosan and it further shows the presence of POSS in the microfibres. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the microfibres are thermally stable up to 240°C in a nitrogen atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
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TSENG ZHIJIEJACK, STYNDER DEANO. Mosaic functionality in a transitional ecomorphology: skull biomechanics in stem Hyaeninae compared to modern South African carnivorans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brown CP, Hughes SW, Crawford RW, Oloyede A. Joint laminate degradation assessed by reflected ultrasound from the cartilage surface and osteochondral junction. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:4123-35. [PMID: 18612178 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/15/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to quantify and qualify the progression of joint degeneration is becoming increasingly important in surgery. This paper examines the patterns of relative ultrasound reflection from normal, artificially and naturally degraded cartilage-on-bone, particularly investigating the potential of the ratio of reflection coefficients from the surface and osteochondral junction in distinguishing normal from osteoarthritic tissue. To this end, the reflection coefficients from the articular surface and osteochondral junction of normal cartilage-on-bone samples were calculated and compared to samples after the removal of proteoglycans, disruption of the collagen meshwork, delipidization of the articular surface and mechanical abrasion. Our results show that the large variation across normal and degraded joint samples negates the use of an isolated bone reflection measurement and to a lesser extent, an isolated surface reflection. The relative surface to bone reflections, calculated as a ratio of reflection coefficients, provided a more consistent and statistically significant (p < 0.001) method for distinguishing each type of degradation, especially osteoarthritic degradation, and due to the complementary relationship between surface and bone reflections was found to be an effective method for distinguishing degraded from normal tissue in the osteoarthritic joint, independent of the site of initiation of the osteoarthritic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Brown
- School of Engineering Systems, IHBI, QUT, Brisbane, Australia
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Wu JP, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Study of the collagen structure in the superficial zone and physiological state of articular cartilage using a 3D confocal imaging technique. J Orthop Surg Res 2008; 3:29. [PMID: 18637164 PMCID: PMC2503973 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-3-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The collagen structure in the superficial zone of articular cartilage is critical to the tissue's durability. Early osteoarthritis is often characterized with fissures on the articular surface. This is closely related to the disruption of the collagen network. However, the traditional histology can not offer visualization of the collagen structure in articular cartilage because it uses conventional optical microscopy that does not have insufficient imaging resolution to resolve collagen from proteoglycans in hyaline articular cartilage. This study examines the 3D collagen network of articular cartilage scored from 0 to 2 in the scoring system of International Cartilage Repair Society, and aims to develop a 3D histology for assessing early osteoarthritis. Methods Articular cartilage was visually classified into five physiological groups: normal cartilage, aged cartilage, cartilage with artificial and natural surface disruption, and fibrillated. The 3D collagen matrix of the cartilage was acquired using a 3D imaging technique developed previously. Traditional histology was followed to grade the physiological status of the cartilage in the scoring system of International Cartilage Repair Society. Results Normal articular cartilage contains interwoven collagen bundles near the articular surface, approximately within the lamina splendens. However, its collagen fibres in the superficial zone orient predominantly in a direction spatially oblique to the articular surface. With age and disruption of the articular surface, the interwoven collagen bundles are gradually disappeared, and obliquely oriented collagen fibres change to align predominantly in a direction spatially perpendicular to the articular surface. Disruption of the articular surface is well related to the disappearance of the interwoven collagen bundles. Conclusion A 3D histology has been developed to supplement the traditional histology and study the subtle changes in the collagen network in the superficial zone during early physiological alteration of articular cartilage. The fibre confocal imaging technology used in this study has allowed developing confocal arthroscopy for in vivo studying the chondrocytes in different depth of articular cartilage. Therefore, the current study has potential to develop an in vivo 3D histology for diagnosis of early osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian P Wu
- 3D Imaging Laboratory, the School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Depth-dependent analysis of the role of collagen fibrils, fixed charges and fluid in the pericellular matrix of articular cartilage on chondrocyte mechanics. J Biomech 2008; 41:480-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Taylor ZA, Kirk TB, Miller K. Confocal arthroscopy-based patient-specific constitutive models of cartilaginous tissues - II: prediction of reaction force history of meniscal cartilage specimens. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2007; 10:327-36. [PMID: 17852176 DOI: 10.1080/10255840701336828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical framework developed in a companion paper (Part I) is used to derive estimates of mechanical response of two meniscal cartilage specimens. The previously developed framework consisted of a constitutive model capable of incorporating confocal image-derived tissue microstructural data. In the present paper (Part II) fibre and matrix constitutive parameters are first estimated from mechanical testing of a batch of specimens similar to, but independent from those under consideration. Image analysis techniques which allow estimation of tissue microstructural parameters form confocal images are presented. The constitutive model and image-derived structural parameters are then used to predict the reaction force history of the two meniscal specimens subjected to partially confined compression. The predictions are made on the basis of the specimens' individual structural condition as assessed by confocal microscopy and involve no tuning of material parameters. Although the model does not reproduce all features of the experimental curves, as an unfitted estimate of mechanical response the prediction is quite accurate. In light of the obtained results it is judged that more general non-invasive estimation of tissue mechanical properties is possible using the developed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeike A Taylor
- Intelligent Systems for Medicine Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Mavrilas D, Sinouris EA, Vynios DH, Papageorgakopoulou N. Dynamic mechanical characteristics of intact and structurally modified bovine pericardial tissues. J Biomech 2005; 38:761-8. [PMID: 15713297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium (BP) is a source of natural biomaterials with a wide range of clinical applications. In the present work we studied the dynamic mechanical behavior of BP in native form and under specific enzymatic degradation with chondroitinase ABC extracted a 17% of the total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The GAGs content of native BP was composed mainly from hyaluronan, chondroitine sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Dynamic tensile mechanical testing of BP in the frequency range 0.1-20 Hz demonstrated its viscoelastic nature. The storage modulus was equal to 6.5 (native) and 5.5 (degraded) MPa initially, increased in the region nearby 1 Hz by about 15%. This was related with physical resonance mechanisms activated in this frequency region. The high modulus (modulus of the high linear phase of stress-strain) was equal to 14 (native) and 10 (degraded) MPa, dropped at high frequencies to 7 and 5 Mpa, respectively. The damping, expressed by the hysteresis, was equal to 20% of the loading energy, changed exponentially with the frequency to 30% at 20 Hz. It seemed that of the elastic mechanical parameters, the storage modulus and the high modulus were even slightly dropped as a result of degradation. As a final conclusion, there was evident that GAGs may play a non-negligible role in the dynamic mechanical behavior of BP and, probably in other soft tissue biomechanics. It is suggested that the GAGs content may be considered during the design and chemical modification of biomaterials based on BP and other soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mavrilas
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras,Rion 26500, Patras, Greece.
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Li LP, Herzog W, Korhonen RK, Jurvelin JS. The role of viscoelasticity of collagen fibers in articular cartilage: axial tension versus compression. Med Eng Phys 2005; 27:51-7. [PMID: 15604004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of viscoelasticity of collagen fibers in bovine articular cartilage was examined in compression and tension using stress relaxation measurements in the axial direction (normal to the articular surface). Experimentally, for a given axial strain, both peak and equilibrium loads were higher in tension than in compression, whereas stress relaxation was stronger in compression, as indicated by the higher peak-to-equilibrium ratios. A viscoelastic fibril-reinforced model including fluid flow was used for analysis of the experimental data. The collagen fibrillar matrix was assumed to be viscoelastic with a strain-dependent tensile modulus, and the nonfibrillar matrix was modeled as linearly elastic. For axial tension, collagen viscoelasticity was found to account for most of the stress relaxation, while the effects of fluid pressurization on the tensile stress were negligible. In contrast, for axial compression, the dominant mechanism for stress relaxation arose from fluid pressurization, while the associated relaxation in collagen fibers mainly resulted in an increase in radial strain. The effective Poisson's ratio, defined as the ratio of the radial and axial strains, was generally smaller in compression than in tension, and deviated from the true Poisson's ratio in tensile tests because of the frictional contacts between the specimen and the loading platens. Furthermore, lower collagen elasticity in the axial direction was observed than in the radial direction. This study illustrates the essential role of collagen viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid pressurization in the mechanical response of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Li
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alta., Canada T2N 1N4.
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Allen DM, Mao JJ. Heterogeneous nanostructural and nanoelastic properties of pericellular and interterritorial matrices of chondrocytes by atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 2004; 145:196-204. [PMID: 14960370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Revised: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage consists of sparse chondrocytes and abundant extracellular matrix. There is a paucity of experimental data in support of the notion of conceivable regional differences in the mechanical properties of chondral matrices. Upon visual differentiation of the pericellular and interterritorial matrices in each of 19 fresh growth plate samples with toluidine blue and alizarin red labels, nanoindentation was applied separately to the pericellular matrix and interterritorial matrix to using fluid-phase atomic force microscopy and real-time imaging. The interterritorial matrix demonstrated elongated parallel ridges, whereas the pericellular matrix showed irregular, short-range elevations with characteristic pores and canals. Analysis of surface contours at 600nm(2) scan size revealed that the interterritorial matrix had significantly greater surface roughness (71+/-18nm; mean+/-SE) than the pericellular matrix (24+/-4nm) ( P< 0.001). The average Young's modulus of the interterritorial matrix was 636+/-123 (kPa), significantly greater than the pericellular matrix (265+/-53kPa) (P< 0.001 ). Thus, the interterritorial matrix appears to possess not only distinct microtopographic contours in comparison with the pericellular matrix, but also significantly greater mechanical stiffness. These distinctive nanostructural and nanomechanical properties may have implications in nutrient diffusion and fluid dynamics, both of which are of vital importance for cartilage health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Allen
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory Rm 237, Departments of Bioengineering and Orthodontics (MC 841), University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA.
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Silver FH, Bradica G, Tria A. Do changes in the mechanical properties of articular cartilage promote catabolic destruction of cartilage and osteoarthritis? Matrix Biol 2004; 23:467-76. [PMID: 15579313 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, a thickening of subchondral bone, and formation of marginal osteophytes. Previous mechanical characterization of cartilage in our laboratory suggests that energy storage and dissipation is reduced in osteoarthritis as the extent of fibrillation and fissure formation increases. It is not clear whether the loss of energy storage and dissipation characteristics is a result of biochemical and/or biophysical changes that occur to hyaline cartilage in joints. The purpose of this study is to present data, on the strain rate dependence of the elastic and viscous behaviors of cartilage, in order to further characterize changes that occur in the mechanical properties that are associated with OA. We have previously hypothesized that the changes seen in the mechanical properties of cartilage may be due to altered mechanochemical transduction by chondrocytes. Results of incremental tensile stress-strain tests at strain rates between 100%/min and 10,000%/min conducted on OA cartilage indicate that the slope of the elastic stress-strain curve increases with increasing strain rate, unlike the reported behavior of skin and self-assembled collagen fibers. It is suggested that the strain-rate dependence of the elastic stress-strain curve is due to the presence of large quantities of proteoglycans (PGs), which protect articular cartilage by increasing the apparent stiffness. The increased apparent stiffness of articular cartilage at high strain rates may limit the stresses borne and prolong the onset of OA. It is further hypothesized that increased compressive loading of chondrocytes in the intermediate zone of articular cartilage occurs as a result of normal wear to the superficial zone or from excessive impact loading. Once the superficial zone of articular cartilage is worn away, the tension is decreased throughout all cartilage zones leading to increased chondrocyte compressive loading and up-regulation of mechanochemical transduction processes that elaborate catabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick H Silver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Iwasaki N, Yamane ST, Majima T, Kasahara Y, Minami A, Harada K, Nonaka S, Maekawa N, Tamura H, Tokura S, Shiono M, Monde K, Nishimura SI. Feasibility of Polysaccharide Hybrid Materials for Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Evaluation of Chondrocyte Adhesion to Polyion Complex Fibers Prepared from Alginate and Chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:828-33. [PMID: 15132668 DOI: 10.1021/bm0400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ideal cell-carrier material for cartilage regeneration should be one that closely mimics the natural environment in a living articular cartilage matrix. In the current study, we considered that alginate-based chitosan hybrid biomaterials could provide excellent supports for chondrocyte adhesion. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the adhesion behavior of rabbit chondrocytes onto an alginate polymer versus the adhesion of the chondrocytes onto some alginate-based chitosan hybrid polymer fibers in vitro. We demonstrated that the alginate-based chitosan hybrid polymer fibers showed much improved adhesion capacity with chondrocytes in comparison with alginate polymer fiber. Additionally, morphologic studies revealed maintenance of the characteristic round morphology of the chondrocyte and the dense fiber of the type II collagen produced by the chondrocytes in the hybrid polymer. On the basis of these results, we conclude that an alginate-based chitosan hybrid polymer fiber has considerable potential as a desirable biomaterial for cartilage tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Landis WJ, Silver FH. The structure and function of normally mineralizing avian tendons. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:1135-57. [PMID: 12485697 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The leg tendons of certain avian species normally calcify. The gastrocnemius, or Achilles, tendon of the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, is one such example. Its structure and biomechanical properties have been studied to model the adaptive nature of this tendon to external forces, including the means by which mineral deposition occurs and the functional role mineralization may play in this tissue. Structurally, the distal rounded, thick gastrocnemius bifurcates into two smaller proximal segments that mineralize with time. Mineral deposition occurs at or near the bifurcation, proceeding in a distal-to-proximal direction along the segments toward caudal and medial muscle insertions of the bird hip. Mineral formation appears mediated first by extracellular matrix vesicles and later by type I collagen fibrils. Biomechanical analyses indicate lower tensile strength and moduli for the thick distal gastrocnemius compared to narrow, fan-shaped proximal segments. Tendon mineralization here appears to be strain-induced, the muscle forces causing matrix deformation leading conceptually to calcium binding through the exposure of charged groups on collagen, release of sequestered calcium by proteoglycans, and increased diffusion. Functionally, the mineralized tendons limit further tendon deformation, reduce tendon strain at a given stress, and provide greater load-bearing capacity to the tissue. They also serve as important and efficient elastic energy storage reservoirs, increasing the amount of stored elastic energy by preventing flexible type I collagen regions from stretching and preserving muscle energy during locomotion of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Landis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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