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Sun S, Qiao B, Han Y, Wang B, Wei S, Chen Y. Posttranslational modifications of platelet adhesion receptors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106413. [PMID: 36007773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in normal hemostasis, whereas pathological platelet adhesion is involved in various cardiovascular events. The underlying cause in cardiovascular events involves plaque rupture leading to subsequent platelet adhesion, activation, release, and eventual thrombosis. Traditional antithrombotic drugs often target the signal transduction process of platelet adhesion receptors by influencing the synthesis of some key molecules, and their effects are limited. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of platelet adhesion receptors increase the functional diversity of the receptors and affect platelet physiological and pathological processes. Antithrombotic drugs targeting PTMs of platelet adhesion receptors may represent a new therapeutic idea. In this review, various PTMs, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, lipidation, and proteolysis, of three platelet adhesion receptors, glycoprotein Ib-IX-V (GPIb-IX-V), glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and integrin αIIbβ3, are reviewed. It is important to comprehensively understand the PTMs process of platelet adhesion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Sun
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bao Qiao
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bailu Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Dowal L, Yang W, Freeman MR, Steen H, Flaumenhaft R. Proteomic analysis of palmitoylated platelet proteins. Blood 2011; 118:e62-73. [PMID: 21813449 PMCID: PMC3186346 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-353078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is a dynamic process that regulates membrane targeting of proteins and protein-protein interactions. We have previously demonstrated a critical role for protein palmitoylation in platelet activation and have identified palmitoylation machinery in platelets. Using a novel proteomic approach, Palmitoyl Protein Identification and Site Characterization, we have begun to characterize the human platelet palmitoylome. Palmitoylated proteins were enriched from membranes isolated from resting platelets using acyl-biotinyl exchange chemistry, followed by identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This global analysis identified > 1300 proteins, of which 215 met criteria for significance and represent the platelet palmitoylome. This collection includes 51 known palmitoylated proteins, 61 putative palmitoylated proteins identified in other palmitoylation-specific proteomic studies, and 103 new putative palmitoylated proteins. Of these candidates, we chose to validate the palmitoylation of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) as its expression is restricted to platelets and megakaryocytes. We determined that TLT-1 is a palmitoylated protein using metabolic labeling with [³H]palmitate and identified the site of TLT-1 palmitoylation as cysteine 196. The discovery of new platelet palmitoyl protein candidates will provide a resource for subsequent investigations to validate the palmitoylation of these proteins and to determine the role palmitoylation plays in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Dowal
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Li D, Turner A, Sinclair AJ. Relationship between platelet phospholipid FA and mean platelet volume in healthy men. Lipids 2002; 37:901-6. [PMID: 12458626 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-002-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased mean platelet volume (MPV) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction and the increased reactivity of large platelets. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between platelet phospholipid (PL) PUFA composition and MPV in 139 free-living healthy men ages 20-55 yr (vegans, n = 18; ovolacto vegetarians, n = 43; moderate meat-eaters, n = 60; and high meateaters, n = 18). Each subject completed a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and gave a blood sample. Platelet PL FA composition and MPV were determined by standard methods. MPV was significantly greater in the vegans than in the ovolacto vegetarian, moderate, or high meat-eater groups (P < 0.01). Both vegan and ovolacto vegetarian groups had significantly higher platelet PL 18:2n-6 and 22:4n-6, and lower 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 compared with the moderate and high meat-eater groups. The vegans demonstrated a significant reduction in 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-3 compared with the ovolacto vegetarian, high meat-eater, and moderate meat-eater groups. Bivariate analysis results showed that MPV was significantly positively correlated with platelet PL 18:2n-6 (P = 0.048) and negatively correlated with 20:3n-6 (P = 0.02), 20:5n-3 (P = 0.005), and 22:5n-3 (P< 0.0001), respectively. In a multiple linear regression analysis, after controlling for potential confounding factors such as dietary group, age, exercise, body mass index, and dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, and fiber intake, the MPV was still strongly negatively correlated with platelet PL 20:3n-6 (P = 0.003) and 22:5n-3 (P = 0.001). The present data suggest that 22:5n-3 and 20:3n-6 may play a role in the structural function of the platelet membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Department of Food Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
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Little EB, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA. Palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM serves as an anchor to cellular membranes. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 1999; 6:415-30. [PMID: 10223357 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is expressed at key sites during embryonic development and mediates homophilic adhesion between cells both in the embryo and in the adult. N-CAM is expressed in multiple forms and two of the major isoforms differ in their cytoplasmic domains, one (ld form) having an insert of 261 amino acids that is missing in the other (sd form). N-CAM has been previously shown to be palmitoylated, but the sites of acylation have not been localized. We show here that the cytoplasmic domain of the N-CAM became palmitoylated after transfection of a cDNA encoding N-CAM into COS-7 cells, and that this acylation occurs on the four closely spaced cysteines in the cytoplasmic domain of N-CAM. Moreover, when a cDNA encoding only the cytoplasmic domain was transfected into cells, the protein was palmitoylated and associated with membranes even though it lacked a membrane spanning segment. Site directed mutagenesis of the four cysteine residues to serines at positions 5, 11, 16, and 22 in the cytoplasmic domain (723, 729, 734, and 740 in the native protein) eliminated both the palmitoylation and association with the membrane fraction. Mutagenesis of the cysteines individually, in pairs, and in groups of three indicated that C5 is not acylated with either palmitate or oleate, but the other three cysteines are acylated to different extents. Cytoplasmic domains with single cysteine mutations localized primarily in the membrane fraction, while those with three mutations were found primarily in the cytoplasm. Proteins containing two mutated cysteines were found in both the cytoplasm and the membrane fraction with C11 and C16 having the most influence on the distribution in accord with their higher level of acylation. Mutation of the cysteines did not affect the ability of full-length N-CAM to promote aggregation when transfected into COS-7 cells. Based on these results we suggest that the primary role of palmitoylation is to provide a second anchor in the plasma membrane to direct the protein to discrete membrane microdomains or to organize the cytoplasmic region for interaction with factors that affect signaling events resulting from N-CAM mediated adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Little
- Department of Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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