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van Verseveld M, Mocking RJT, Scheepens D, Ten Doesschate F, Westra M, Schoevers RA, Schene AH, van Wingen GA, van Waarde JA, Ruhé HG. Polyunsaturated fatty acids changes during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:232-239. [PMID: 36868104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have important electrochemical properties and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment. However, the relation of PUFAs with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has never been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between PUFA concentrations and response to ECT in patients with MDD. We included 45 patients with unipolar MDD in a multicentre study. To determine PUFA concentrations, we collected blood samples at the first (T0) and twelfth (T12) ECT-session. We assessed depression severity using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) at T0, T12 and at the end of the ECT-course. ECT-response was defined as 'early response' (at T12), 'late response' (after ECT-course) and 'no' response (after the ECT-course). The PUFA chain length index (CLI), unsaturation index (UI) and peroxidation index (PI) and three individual PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and nervonic acid [NA]) were associated with response to ECT using linear mixed models. Results showed a significant higher CLI in 'late responders' compared to 'non responders'. For NA, 'late responders' showed significantly higher concentrations compared to 'early'- and 'non responders'. In conclusion, this study provides the first indication that PUFAs are associated with the efficacy of ECT. This indicates that PUFAs' influence on neuronal electrochemical properties and neurogenesis may affect ECT outcomes. Thereby, PUFAs form a potentially modifiable factor predicting ECT outcomes, that warrants further investigation in other ECT-cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Verseveld
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815, AD, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - R J T Mocking
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Scheepens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Ten Doesschate
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815, AD, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - M Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A H Schene
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A van Waarde
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815, AD, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - H G Ruhé
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Pifferi F, Cunnane SC, Guesnet P. Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051382. [PMID: 32408634 PMCID: PMC7285025 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pifferi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen C. Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functions, electrocortical activity and neurogenesis in a non-human primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:394-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rai AK, Bhaskar N, Baskaran V. Effect of feeding lipids recovered from fish processing waste by lactic acid fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on antioxidant and membrane bound enzymes in rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:3701-10. [PMID: 26028754 PMCID: PMC4444881 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil recovered from fresh water fish visceral waste (FVW-FO) through lactic acid fermentation (FO-LAF) and enzymatic hydrolysis (FO-EH) were fed to rats to study their influence on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant and membrane bound enzyme in liver, heart and brain. Feeding of FO-LAF and FO-EH resulted in increase (P < 0.05) in lipid peroxides level in serum, liver, brain and heart tissues compared to ground nut oil (control). Activity of catalase (40-235 %) and superoxide dismutase (17-143 %) also increased (P < 0.05) with incremental level of EPA + DHA in diet. The increase was similar to cod liver oil fed rats at same concentration of EPA + DHA. FO-LAF and FO-EH increased (P < 0.05) the Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity in liver and brain microsomes, Ca(+)Mg(+) ATPase in heart microsome and acetylcholine esterase in brain microsomes when fed with 5 % EPA + DHA. There was also significant change in fatty acid composition and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in microsomes of rat fed with FVW-FO. Feeding FVW-FO recovered by biotechnological approaches enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues, modulates the activities of membrane bound enzymes and improved the fatty acid composition in microsomes of tissues similar to CLO. Utilization of these processing wastes for the production of valuable biofunctional products can reduce the mounting economic values of fish oil and minimize the environmental pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Rai
- />Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
- />Microbial Resources Division, Regional Center of Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (RCIBSD), DBT, Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - N. Bhaskar
- />Department of Meat & Marine Sciences, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - V. Baskaran
- />Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
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Liso Navarro AA, Sikoglu EM, Heinze CR, Rogan RC, Russell VA, King JA, Moore CM. Effect of diet on brain metabolites and behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:240-7. [PMID: 24855038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder affecting 5-10% of children. One of the suggested mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ADHD is insufficient energy supply to neurons. Here, we investigated the role of omega 3 fatty acids in altering neural energy metabolism and behavior of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which is an animal model of ADHD. To this end, we employed Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to evaluate changes in brain neurochemistry in the SHR following consumption of one of three experimental diets (starting PND 21): fish oil enriched (FOE), regular (RD) and animal fat enriched (AFE) diet. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate differences in locomotor activity and risk-taking behavior (starting PND 44). Comparison of frontal lobe metabolites showed that increased amounts of omega 3 fatty acids decreased total Creatine levels (tCr), but did not change Glutamate (Glu), total N-Acetylaspartate (tNAA), Lactate (Lac), Choline (Cho) or Inositol (Ino) levels. Although behavior was not significantly affected by different diets, significant correlations were observed between brain metabolites and behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze. SHR with higher levels of brain tCr and Glu exhibited greater hyperactivity in a familiar environment. On the other hand, risk-taking exploration of the elevated plus maze's open arms correlated negatively with forebrain tNAA and Lac levels. These findings support the possible alteration in energy metabolites in ADHD, correlating with hyperactivity in the animal model. The data also suggest that omega 3 fatty acids alter brain energy and phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Liso Navarro
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA; Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Elif M Sikoglu
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Cailin R Heinze
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Ryan C Rogan
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Vivienne A Russell
- Division of Physiology, School of Laboratory and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Jean A King
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Constance M Moore
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.
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Banderó CRR, Salvadori MGSS, Gomes AT, Dal Ri NMK, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Rambo LM, Scorza FA, Cysneiros RM, Emanuelli T, Mello CF. Fish oil attenuates methylmalonate-induced seizures. Epilepsy Res 2013; 105:69-76. [PMID: 23375884 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemias are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by methylmalonate (MMA) accumulation and neurological dysfunction, including seizures. Dietary fatty acids are known as an important energy source and reduce seizure activity in selected acute animal models. This study investigated whether chronic treatment with fish oil or with oleic acid attenuates MMA-induced seizures and whether maintenance of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was involved in such an effect. Adult male Wistar rats were given fish oil (85 mg/kg), oleic acid (85 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.42% aqueous Cremophor EL™, 4 mL/kg/body weight/day), p.o., for 75 days. On the 73th day a cannula was implanted in the right lateral ventricle with electrodes over the parietal cortex for EEG recording. On the 76th day the animals were injected with NaCl (2.5 μmol/2.5 μL, i.c.v.), or with MMA (2.5 μmol/2.5 μL, i.c.v.), and seizure activity was measured by electroencephagraphic (EEG) recording with concomitant behavior monitoring. The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity of slices of cerebral cortex from NaCl-injected animals was determined. Fish oil increased the latency to MMA-induced tonic-clonic seizures, reduced the mean amplitude of ictal EEG recordings, and prevented PGE2-induced decrease of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in cortical slices in vitro. Oleic acid decreased mean amplitude of ictal EEG recordings. The results support that fish oil decreases MMA-induced seizures. The decreased sensitivity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase to the inhibitory effect of PGE2 in fish oil-treated animals may be related to the currently reported anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruedell Reschke Banderó
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Tong Z, Yu F, Liu Z, Liang H. Influence of ShuJinHuoXue tablets on ischemia reperfusion injury of animals' skeletal muscle. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012. [PMID: 22801363 PMCID: PMC6268584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17088494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) can lead to serious tissue oxidative injury in animals. ShuJinHuoXue tablet (SJHXT) is a Chinese Traditional Medicine which can relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation and has been used as a clinical medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SJHXT pretreatment on oxidative injury using an animal model of acute limb IR. Results showed that SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB₂) levels and thromboxane B2/6-keto- prostaglandin F1α (TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF(1α)), wet weight/dried weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and increased serum nitric oxide (NO), 6-Keto-PGF(1α) levels and NO/ET-1 ratio in the IR+SJHXT groups. In addition, the SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced skeletal muscle Ca²⁺, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Our results suggest that SJHXT pre-treatment may improve skeletal muscle blood vessel microcirculation, decrease skeletal muscle oxidative injury and enhance antioxidant enzymes activities in IR animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Tong
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Orthopedic Department, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haidong Liang
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-411-8441-2001(ext. 8565)
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Influence of ShuJinHuoXue tablets on ischemia reperfusion injury of animals' skeletal muscle. Molecules 2012; 17:8494-505. [PMID: 22801363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) can lead to serious tissue oxidative injury in animals. ShuJinHuoXue tablet (SJHXT) is a Chinese Traditional Medicine which can relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation and has been used as a clinical medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SJHXT pretreatment on oxidative injury using an animal model of acute limb IR. Results showed that SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB₂) levels and thromboxane B2/6-keto- prostaglandin F1α (TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF(1α)), wet weight/dried weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and increased serum nitric oxide (NO), 6-Keto-PGF(1α) levels and NO/ET-1 ratio in the IR+SJHXT groups. In addition, the SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced skeletal muscle Ca²⁺, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Our results suggest that SJHXT pre-treatment may improve skeletal muscle blood vessel microcirculation, decrease skeletal muscle oxidative injury and enhance antioxidant enzymes activities in IR animals.
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Schmatz R, Rodrigues M, Vieira JM, Mazzanti CM, Morsch VM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Spanevello RM. Protective effect of α-Tocopherol on memory deficits and Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Armitage JA, Gupta S, Wood C, Jensen RI, Samuelsson AM, Fuller W, Shattock MJ, Poston L, Taylor PD. Maternal dietary supplementation with saturated, but not monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, leads to tissue-specific inhibition of offspring Na+,K+-ATPase. J Physiol 2008; 586:5013-22. [PMID: 18718984 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.157818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats, a maternal diet rich in lard is associated with reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in adult offspring kidney. We have addressed the role of different fatty acids by evaluating Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in offspring of dams fed diets rich in saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) or polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, during pregnancy and suckling, a control diet (4% w/w corn oil) or a fatty acid supplemented diet (24% w/w). Offspring were reared on chow (4% PUFA) and studied at 6 months. mRNA expression (real-time PCR) of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha subunit and protein expression of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase subunits (Western blot) were assessed in kidney and brain. Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was reduced in kidney (P < 0.05 versus all groups) and brain (P < 0.05 versus control and MUFA offspring) of the SFA group. Neither Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit mRNA expression, nor protein expression of total alpha, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 or beta1 subunits were significantly altered in kidney in any dietary group. In brains of SFA offspring alpha1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) was reduced compared with MUFA and PUFA offspring, but not controls. Also in brain, SFA offspring demonstrated reduced (P < 0.05) alpha1 subunit protein and increased phosphorylation (P < 0.05) of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase modulating protein phospholemman at serine residue 63 (S63 PLM). Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was similar to controls in heart and liver. In utero and neonatal exposure to a maternal diet rich in saturated fatty acids is associated with altered activity and expression of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in adulthood, but mechanisms appear tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Armitage
- Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, King's College London, London, UK
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Viola MS, Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz G. Brain Na+, K+-ATPase isoforms: Different hypothalamus and mesencephalon response to acute desipramine treatment. Life Sci 2007; 81:228-33. [PMID: 17586531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity alpha isoforms by performing ouabain inhibition curves in rat hypothalamus and mesencephalon after acute administration of desipramine to rats. In hypothalamus, Ki values for high, intermediate and low affinity populations were 0.075x10(-9) M, 0.58x10(-6) M and 0.97x10(-3) M, with isoform distribution of 55%, 28% and 17%, respectively. In mesencephalon, Ki values for high, intermediate and low affinity populations were 1.80x10(-9) M, 0.56x10(-6) M and 0.21x10(-3) M, with isoform distribution of 28%, 46% and 21%, respectively. Three hours after acute administration of 10 mg/kg desipramine to rats, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in hypothalamus increased significantly 54%, 39% and 51% as assayed respectively in the absence of ouabain or in the presence of 1x10(-9) M, or 5x10(-6) M ouabain, whereas only a trend was recorded in the presence of 1x10(-3) M ouabain. In such conditions, enzyme activity in mesencephalon increased significantly 73%, 54%, 30% and 271%, respectively. Present results showed that desipramine treatment enhances the activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha isoforms in rat hypothalamus and mesencephalon, but the extent of this increase differs according to the isoform and the anatomical area studied, suggesting a differential enzyme regulation in response to noradrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sylvia Viola
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hermansson M, Käkelä R, Berghäll M, Lehesjoki AE, Somerharju P, Lahtinen U. Mass spectrometric analysis reveals changes in phospholipid, neutral sphingolipid and sulfatide molecular species in progressive epilepsy with mental retardation, EPMR, brain: a case study. J Neurochem 2005; 95:609-17. [PMID: 16086686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive epilepsy with mental retardation, EPMR, belongs to a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. The CLN8 gene that underlies EPMR encodes a novel transmembrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Recently, CLN8 was linked to a large eukaryotic protein family of TLC (TRAM, Lag1, CLN8) domain homologues with postulated functions in lipid synthesis, transport or sensing. By using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry we analysed molecular species of major phosholipid and simple sphingolipid classes from cerebral samples of two EPMR patients representing a progressive and advanced state of the disease. The progressive state brain showed reduced levels of ceramide, galactosyl- and lactosylceramide and sulfatide as well as a decrease in long fatty acyl chain containing molecular species within these classes. Among glycerophospholipid classes, an increase in species containing polyunsaturated acyl chains was detected especially in phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylethanolamines. By contrast, saturated and monounsaturated species were overrepresented among phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol classes in the advanced state sample. The observed changes in brain sphingo- and phospholipid molecular profiles may result in altered membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, vesicular trafficking or neurotransmission and thus may contribute to the progression of the molecular pathogenesis of EPMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hermansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Horrocks LA, Farooqui AA. Docosahexaenoic acid in the diet: its importance in maintenance and restoration of neural membrane function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 70:361-72. [PMID: 15041028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system has the second highest concentration of lipids after adipose tissue. Long chain fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are integral components of neural membrane phospholipids. Alterations in neural membrane phospholipid components cannot only influence crucial intracellular and intercellular signaling but also alter many membrane physical properties such as fluidity, phase transition temperature, bilayer thickness, and lateral domains. A deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid markedly affects neurotransmission, membrane-bound enzyme and ion channel activities, gene expression, intensity of inflammation, and immunity and synaptic plasticity. Docosahexaenoic acid deficiency is associated with normal aging, Alzheimer disease, hyperactivity, schizophrenia, and peroxisomal disorders. Although the molecular mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid involvement in the disorders remains unknown, the supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid in the diet restores gene expression and modulates neurotransmission. Also, improvements are seen in signal transduction processes associated with behavioral deficits, learning activity, peroxisomal disorders, and psychotic changes in schizophrenia, depression, hyperactivity, stroke, and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A Horrocks
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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