1
|
Sen R, Das S, Nath A, Maharana P, Kar P, Verpoort F, Liang P, Roy S. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation: An Overview With an Example of Translation From Lab to Market. Front Chem 2022; 10:861604. [PMID: 35646820 PMCID: PMC9131097 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.861604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation has become very popular due to its prime role in water splitting and metal–air batteries. Thus, the development of efficient, abundant, and economical catalysts, as well as electrode design, is very demanding today. In this review, we have discussed the principles of electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR), the electrocatalyst and electrode design strategies for the most efficient results, and recent advancement in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst design. Finally, we have discussed the use of OER in the Oxygen Maker (OM) design with the example of OM REDOX by Solaire Initiative Private Ltd. The review clearly summarizes the future directions and applications for sustainable energy utilization with the help of water splitting and the way forward to develop better cell designs with electrodes and catalysts for practical applications. We hope this review will offer a basic understanding of the OER process and WOR in general along with the standard parameters to evaluate the performance and encourage more WOR-based profound innovations to make their way from the lab to the market following the example of OM REDOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sen
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriya Das
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aritra Nath
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Maharana
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradipta Kar
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Pei Liang
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cu xO nanorods with excellent regenerable NADH peroxidase mimics and its application for selective and sensitive fluorimetric ethanol sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:339126. [PMID: 34756257 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CuxO nanorods with excellent NADH peroxidase mimics were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The catalytic oxidation of NADH to NAD cofactor strictly follows the enzymatic kinetics with high catalytic rate and strong affinity. The catalytic mechanism of CuxO NRs was that in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic oxidizing NADH to NAD + involving with O2.-.anion production, making it realistic to mutually convert between coenzymes. Considering that the mutual transformation of NADH/NAD cofactors plays an important role in biological function, combination of CuxO NRs with alcohol dehydrogenase, a highly selective method for fluorimetric detection of ethanol was established. The as-proposed sensing platform is capable of dectecting alcohol with the limit of detection of 26.7 μM (S/N = 3) and applied in practical sample with satisfied accuracy and recovery. The as-developed regenerable NADH peroxidase mimics would also cast lights in biocatalysis, synthetic biology and bioenergy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ethanol Biofuel Cells: Hybrid Catalytic Cascades as a Tool for Biosensor Devices. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11020041. [PMID: 33557146 PMCID: PMC7913944 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofuel cells use chemical reactions and biological catalysts (enzymes or microorganisms) to produce electrical energy, providing clean and renewable energy. Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have promising characteristics and potential applications as an alternative energy source for low-power electronic devices. Over the last decade, researchers have focused on enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of biosystems and on increasing energy generation and electronic conductivity. Self-powered biosensors can use EBFCs while eliminating the need for an external power source. This review details improvements in EBFC and catalyst arrangements that will help to achieve complete substrate oxidation and to increase the number of collected electrons. It also describes how analytical techniques can be employed to follow the intermediates between the enzymes within the enzymatic cascade. We aim to demonstrate how a high-performance self-powered sensor design based on EBFCs developed for ethanol detection can be adapted and implemented in power devices for biosensing applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kerr E, Alexander R, Francis PS, Guijt RM, Barbante GJ, Doeven EH. A Comparison of Commercially Available Screen-Printed Electrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Applications. Front Chem 2021; 8:628483. [PMID: 33585404 PMCID: PMC7875866 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.628483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a series of commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for their suitability for electrochemical and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detection systems. Using cyclic voltammetry with both a homogeneous solution-based and a heterogeneous bead-based ECL assay format, the most intense ECL signals were observed from unmodified carbon-based SPEs. Three commercially available varieties were tested, with Zensor outperforming DropSens and Kanichi in terms of sensitivity. The incorporation of nanomaterials in the electrode did not significantly enhance the ECL intensity under the conditions used in this evaluation (such as gold nanoparticles 19%, carbon nanotubes 45%, carbon nanofibers 21%, graphene 48%, and ordered mesoporous carbon 21% compared to the ECL intensity of unmodified Zensor carbon electrode). Platinum and gold SPEs exhibited poor relative ECL intensities (16% and 10%) when compared to carbonaceous materials, due to their high rates of surface oxide formation and inefficient oxidation of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). However, the ECL signal at platinum electrodes can be increased ∼3-fold with the addition of a surfactant, which enhanced TPrA oxidation due to increasing the hydrophobicity of the electrode surface. Our results also demonstrate that each SPE should only be used once, as we observed a significant change in ECL intensity over repeated CV scans and SPEs cannot be mechanically polished to refresh the electrode surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Alexander
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory J Barbante
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Semenova D, Pinto T, Koch M, Gernaey KV, Junicke H. Electrochemical tuning of alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase catalysis via biosensing towards butanol-1 detection in fermentation media. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112702. [PMID: 33045667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for electrochemical tuning of alcohol oxidase (AOx) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) biocatalysis towards butanol-1 oxidation by incorporating enzymes in various designs of amperometric biosensors is presented. The biosensors were developed by using commercial graphene oxide-based screen-printed electrodes and varying enzyme producing strains, encapsulation approaches (layer-by-layer (LbL) or one-step electrodeposition (EcD)), layers composition and structure, operating conditions (applied potential values) and introducing mediators (Meldola Blue and Prussian Blue) or Pd-nanoparticles (Pd-NPs). Simultaneous analysis/screening of multiple crucial system parameters during the enzyme engineering process allowed to identify within a period of one month that four out of twelve proposed designs demonstrated a good signal reproducibility and linear response (up to 14.6 mM of butanol) under very low applied potentials (from -0.02 to -0.32 V). Their mechanical stability was thoroughly investigated by multi-analytical techniques prior to butanol determination in cell-free samples from an anaerobic butanol fermentation. The EcD-based biosensor that incorporates ADH, NAD+, Pd-NPs and Nafion showed no loss of enzyme activity after preparation and demonstrated capabilities towards low potential (-0.12 V) detection of butanol-1 in fermentation medium (4 mM) containing multiple electroactive species with almost 15 times enhanced sensitivity (0.2282 μA/mM ± 0.05) when compared to the LbL design. Furthermore, the ADH-Nafion bonding for the S. cerevisiae strain was confirmed to be 3 times higher than for E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Semenova
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tiago Pinto
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helena Junicke
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sustainable materials for the design of forefront printed (bio)sensors applied in agrifood sector. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Kurbanoglu S, Erkmen C, Uslu B. Frontiers in electrochemical enzyme based biosensors for food and drug analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Mustafa F, Andreescu S. Chemical and Biological Sensors for Food-Quality Monitoring and Smart Packaging. Foods 2018; 7:E168. [PMID: 30332833 PMCID: PMC6210272 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in food quality and safety requires the development of sensitive and reliable methods of analysis as well as technology for freshness preservation and food quality. This review describes the status of chemical and biological sensors for food monitoring and smart packaging. Sensing designs and their analytical features for measuring freshness markers, allergens, pathogens, adulterants and toxicants are discussed with example of applications. Their potential implementation in smart packaging could facilitate food-status monitoring, reduce food waste, extend shelf-life, and improve overall food quality. However, most sensors are still in the development stage and need significant work before implementation in real-world applications. Issues like sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and safety of the sensing materials due to potential contact or migration in food need to be established. The current development status of these technologies, along with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for future research, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hooda V, Kumar V, Gahlaut A, Hooda V. Alcohol quantification: recent insights into amperometric enzyme biosensors. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:398-410. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1315426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anjum Gahlaut
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A paper-based nanomodified electrochemical biosensor for ethanol detection in beers. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 960:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Farina D, Zinellu M, Fanari M, Porcu MC, Scognamillo S, Puggioni GMG, Rocchitta G, Serra PA, Pretti L. Development of a biosensor telemetry system for monitoring fermentation in craft breweries. Food Chem 2016; 218:479-486. [PMID: 27719939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and applications of biosensors in the food industry has had a rapid grown due to their sensitivity, specificity and simplicity of use with respect to classical analytical methods. In this study, glucose and ethanol amperometric biosensors integrated with a wireless telemetry system were developed and used for the monitoring of top and bottom fermentations in beer wort samples. The collected data were in good agreement with those obtained by reference methods. The simplicity of construction, the low cost and the short time of analysis, combined with easy interpretation of the results, suggest that these devices could be a valuable alternative to conventional methods for monitoring fermentation processes in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Farina
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Tramariglio-Alghero (SS) 07041, Italy.
| | - Manuel Zinellu
- Primo Principio C.O.O.P., Tramariglio-Alghero (SS) 07041, Italy.
| | - Mauro Fanari
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Tramariglio-Alghero (SS) 07041, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Porcu
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), C.N.R., Traversa La Crucca, 3 Regione Baldinca, 07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Sergio Scognamillo
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Tramariglio-Alghero (SS) 07041, Italy.
| | | | - Gaia Rocchitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Sassari, V.le San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Sassari, V.le San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luca Pretti
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Tramariglio-Alghero (SS) 07041, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Samphao A, Kunpatee K, Prayoonpokarach S, Wittayakun J, Švorc Ľ, Stankovic DM, Zagar K, Ceh M, Kalcher K. An Ethanol Biosensor Based on Simple Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase on Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
13
|
Mistry KK, Layek K, Mahapatra A, RoyChaudhuri C, Saha H. A review on amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes. Analyst 2015; 139:2289-311. [PMID: 24678518 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, we summarize the recent research activities involved in the development of amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). We focus on the underlying principle involved in these types of sensors, their fabrication and electrode surface modification. We also discuss the various factors involved in the designing of such immunosensors and how they affect their performances. Finally we provide an insight into the drawbacks associated with these SPEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Kumar Mistry
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simple and Rapid Determination of Ethanol Content in Beer Using an Amperometric Biosensor. CHEMOSENSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors3020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Boffi A, Favero G, Federico R, Macone A, Antiochia R, Tortolini C, Sanzó G, Mazzei F. Amine oxidase-based biosensors for spermine and spermidine determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1131-7. [PMID: 25407429 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the development and optimization of electrochemical biosensors for specific determination of the biogenic polyamine spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spmd) whose assessment represents a novel important analytical tool in food analysis and human diagnostics. These biosensors have been prepared using novel engineered enzymes: polyamine oxidase (PAO) endowed with selectivity towards Spm and Spmd and spermine oxidase (SMO) characterized by strict specificity towards Spm. The current design entails biosensors in which the enzymes were entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ), a photocrosslinkable gel, onto an electrode surface. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were used as electrochemical transducers for enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide, operating at different potential vs Ag/AgCl according to the material of the working electrode (WE): +700 mV for graphite (GP) or -100 mV for Prussian blue (PB)-modified SPE, respectively. Biosensor performances were evaluated by means of flow injection amperometric (FIA) measurements. The modified electrodes showed good sensitivity, long-term stability and reproducibility. Under optimal conditions, the PAO biosensor showed a linear range 0.003-0.3 mM for Spm and 0.01-0.4 mM for Spmd, while with the SMO biosensor, a linear range of 0.004-0.5 mM for Spm has been obtained. The main kinetic parameters apparent Michaelis constant (K M), turnover number (K cat) and steady-state current (I max) were determined. The proposed device was then applied to the determination of biogenic amines in blood samples. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained with the GC-MS reference method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boffi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burrs SL, Vanegas DC, Rong Y, Bhargava M, Mechulan N, Hendershot P, Yamaguchi H, Gomes C, McLamore ES. A comparative study of graphene-hydrogel hybrid bionanocomposites for biosensing. Analyst 2015; 140:1466-76. [PMID: 25612313 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have become increasingly popular as immobilization materials for cells, enzymes and proteins for biosensing applications. Enzymatic biosensors that utilize hydrogel as an encapsulant have shown improvements over other immobilization techniques such as cross linking and covalent bonding. However, to date there are no studies which directly compare multiple hydrogel-graphene nanocomposites using the same enzyme and test conditions. This study compares the performance of four different hydrogels used as protein encapsulants in a mediator-free biosensor based on graphene-nanometal-enzyme composites. Alcohol oxidase (AOx) was encapsulated in chitosan poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAM), silk fibroin or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) hydrogels, and then spin coated onto a nanoplatinum-graphene modified electrode. The transduction mechanism for the biosensor was based on AOx-catalyzed oxidation of methanol to produce hydrogen peroxide. To isolate the effect(s) of stimulus response on biosensor behavior, all experiments were conducted at 25 °C and pH 7.10. Electroactive surface area (ESA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), sensitivity to methanol, response time, limit of detection, and shelf life were measured for each bionanocomposite. Chitosan and PNIPAAM had the highest sensitivity (0.46 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.1 μA mM(-1), respectively) and electroactive surface area (0.2 ± 0.06 and 0.2 ± 0.02 cm(2), respectively), as well as the fastest response time (4.3 ± 0.8 and 4.8 ± 1.1 s, respectively). Silk and CNC demonstrated lower sensitivity (0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.03 μA mM(-1), respectively), lower electroactive surface area (0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.09 ± 0.03 cm(2), respectively), and longer response time (8.9 ± 2.1 and 6.3 ± 0.8 s, respectively). The high porosity of chitosan, PNIPAAM, and silk gels led to excellent transport, which was significantly better than CNC bionanocomposites. Electrochemical performance of CNC bionanocomposites were relatively poor, which may be linked to poor gel stability. The differences between the Chitosan/PNIPAAM group and the Silk/CNC group were statistically significant (p < 0.05) based on ANOVA. Each of these composites was within the range of other published devices in the literature, while some attributes were significantly improved (namely response time and shelf life). The main advantages of these hydrogel composites over other devices is that only one enzyme is required, all materials are non-toxic, the sensor does not require mediators/cofactors, and the shelf life and response time are significantly improved over other devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Burrs
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iron(II) phthalocyanine covalently functionalized graphene as a highly efficient non-precious-metal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Piermarini S, Volpe G, Esti M, Simonetti M, Palleschi G. Real time monitoring of alcoholic fermentation with low-cost amperometric biosensors. Food Chem 2011; 127:749-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Wan M, Zhuang Z, Dai J, Xiao D. An amperometric ethanol sensor based on foam nickel electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193510081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Akin M, Yuksel M, Geyik C, Odaci D, Bluma A, Höpfner T, Beutel S, Scheper T, Timur S. Alcohol biosensing by polyamidoamine (PAMAM)/cysteamine/alcohol oxidase-modified gold electrode. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:896-906. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Gonzalez-Macia L, Morrin A, Smyth MR, Killard AJ. Advanced printing and deposition methodologies for the fabrication of biosensors and biodevices. Analyst 2010; 135:845-67. [PMID: 20419231 DOI: 10.1039/b916888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced printing and deposition methodologies are revolutionising the way biological molecules are deposited and leading to changes in the mass production of biosensors and biodevices. This revolution is being delivered principally through adaptations of printing technologies to device fabrication, increasing throughputs, decreasing feature sizes and driving production costs downwards. This review looks at several of the most relevant deposition and patterning methodologies that are emerging, either for their high production yield, their ability to reach micro- and nano-dimensions, or both. We look at inkjet, screen, microcontact, gravure and flexographic printing as well as lithographies such as scanning probe, photo- and e-beam lithographies and laser printing. We also take a look at the emerging technique of plasma modification and assess the usefulness of these for the deposition of biomolecules and other materials associated with biodevice fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barthelmebs L, Calas-Blanchard C, Istamboulie G, Marty JL, Noguer T. Biosensors as analytical tools in food fermentation industry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 698:293-307. [PMID: 21520720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The food industries need rapid and affordable methods to assure the quality ofproducts and process control. Biosensors, combining a biological recognition element and a sensitive transducer, are versatile analytical tools that offer advantages as classical analytical methods due to their inherent specificity, selectivity and simplicity. This paper reviews the recent trends in the development and applications of biosensors used in food fermentation industry, focusing on amperometric enzymatic and microbial sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Barthelmebs
- IMAGES Group, Centre de Phytopharmacie, University of Perpignan, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang X, Zhu L, Yang D, Mao X, Wu Y. Amperometric Ethanol Biosensor Based on Integration of Alcohol Dehydrogenase with Meldola's Blue/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Gilbert L, Jenkins ATA, Browning S, Hart JP. Development of an amperometric assay for phosphate ions in urine based on a chemically modified screen-printed carbon electrode. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:242-7. [PMID: 19576165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric assay for the determination of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in urine has been developed without the need for sample preparation. A screen-printed carbon electrode modified with the electrocatalyst cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC-SPCE) and covered with a cellulose acetate membrane (CAM) serves as the sensor. The sensor detects hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is produced as a result of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, catalyzed by pyruvate oxidase (PyOd), in the presence of Pi, oxygen, and cofactors. Following optimization of solution conditions, and in the presence of a urine sample, a linear range was found to exist between the rate of current increase and phosphate concentration over the range of 2.27 x 10(-5) to 1.81 x 10(-4)M, and the limit of detection was found to be 4.27 x 10(-6)M. The assay was applied to the determination of phosphate ions in the urine of a normal subject, and the mean concentration in unspiked urine was found to be 3.40 x 10(-5)M with a coefficient of variation of 8.0% (n=5). The mean recovery of phosphate added to urine samples was 98.7% with a coefficient of variation of 5.5% (n=3). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an amperometric assay for Pi that incorporates a CoPC-SPCE as the sensing device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gilbert
- Centre for Research in Analytical Materials and Sensor Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Ghamouss F, Luais E, Thobie-Gautier C, Tessier PY, Boujtita M. Argon plasma treatment to enhance the electrochemical reactivity of screen-printed carbon surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on heterogeneous carbon materials. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Lee SR, Sawada K, Takao H, Ishida M. An enhanced glucose biosensor using charge transfer techniques. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:650-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Wu L, Lei J, Zhang X, Ju H. Biofunctional nanocomposite of carbon nanofiber with water-soluble porphyrin for highly sensitive ethanol biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:644-9. [PMID: 18656343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A biofunctional hybrid nanocomposite of carbon nanofiber (CNF) with water-soluble iron(III) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinum-4-yl) porphyrin (FeTMPyP) was designed via non-covalent interaction for preparation of highly sensitive ethanol biosensor. The prepared nanocomposite showed good dispersion in water and was characterized with steady-state electronic absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The nanocomposite combined the good conductivity of CNF and the excellent catalytic activity of both CNF and FeTMPyP toward the reduction of dissolved oxygen, producing a method for amperometric detection of oxygen ranging from 6.5 nM to 6.4 microM at a low overpotential. The nanocomposite modified electrode was further used for assembly of alcohol oxidase to construct an amperometric biosensor for ethanol. The biosensor showed rapid and highly sensitive response to ethanol with a linear range from 2.0 microM to 112 microM. The immobilized alcohol oxidase also showed its direct electrochemistry. The biofunctional nanocomposite provides a new way to not only construct the highly sensitive biosensors but also mimic the catalytic activity of enzyme in the life process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee SR, Lee YT, Sawada K, Takao H, Ishida M. Development of a disposable glucose biosensor using electroless-plated Au/Ni/copper low electrical resistance electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:410-4. [PMID: 18524563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a glucose biosensor, which was developed using a Au/Ni/copper electrode. Until now, research regarding the low electrical resistance and uniformity of this biosensor electrode has not been conducted. Glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized on the electrode effectively plays the role of an electron shuttle, and allows glucose to be detected at 0.055 V with a dramatically reduced resistance to easily oxidizable constituents. The Au/Ni/copper electrode has a low electrical resistance, which is less than 0.01 Omega, and it may be possible to mass produce the biosensor electrode with a uniform electrical resistance. The low electrical resistance has the advantage in that the redox peak occurs at a low applied potential. Using a low operating potential (0.055 V), the GOD/Au/Ni/copper structure creates a good sensitivity to detect glucose, and efficiently excludes interferences from common coexisting substances. The GOD/Au/Ni/copper sensor exhibits a relatively short response time (about 3s), and a sensitivity of 0.85 microA mM(-1) with a linear range of buffer to 33 mM of glucose. The sensor has excellent reproducibility with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989 (n=100 times) and a total non-linearity error of 3.17%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ro Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dzyadevych S, Arkhypova V, Soldatkin A, El'skaya A, Martelet C, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Amperometric enzyme biosensors: Past, present and future. Ing Rech Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Renedo OD, Alonso-Lomillo M, Martínez MA. Recent developments in the field of screen-printed electrodes and their related applications. Talanta 2007; 73:202-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Fabrication and characterisation of novel screen-printed tubular microband electrodes, and their application to the measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Yang G, Wang K, Xu J, Chen H. Determination of Theophylline in Drugs and Tea on Nanosized Cobalt Phthalocyanine Particles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120029740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
37
|
Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
38
|
Wen G, Zhang Y, Shuang S, Dong C, Choi MMF. Application of a biosensor for monitoring of ethanol. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:121-9. [PMID: 17561389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An alcohol biosensor for the measurement of ethanol has been developed. It comprises an alcohol oxidase/chitosan immobilized eggshell membrane and a commercial oxygen sensor. Ethanol determination is based on the depletion of dissolved oxygen content upon exposure to ethanol solution. The decrease in oxygen level was monitored and related to the ethanol concentration. The biosensor response depends linearly on ethanol concentration between 60 microM and 0.80 mM with a detection limit of 30 microM (S/N=3) and 1 min response time. In the optimization studies of the enzyme biosensor the most suitable enzyme and chitosan amounts were found to be 1.0 mg and 0.30% (w/v), respectively. The phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 25 mM) and room temperature (20-25 degrees C) were chosen as the optimum working conditions. In the characterization studies of the ethanol biosensor some parameters such as interference effects, operational and storage stability were studied in detail. The biosensor was also tested with various wine samples. The results of this newly developed biosensor were comparable to the results obtained by a gas chromatographic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wen
- Center of Environmental Science and Engineer Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tudorache M, Bala C. Biosensors based on screen-printing technology, and their applications in environmental and food analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:565-78. [PMID: 17453176 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes scientific research activity on biosensors, especially screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors. The basic configurations of biosensors based on screen-printing technology are discussed and different procedures for immobilization of the biorecognition component are reviewed. Theoretical aspects are exemplified by practical environmental and food-analysis applications of screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Tudorache
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd. Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest-3, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Chen G, Li D, Jia J, Li G. Electroanalysis of Ethanol with a Glass Carbon Electrode Comodified with Liver Tissue Homogenate and Carbon Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
43
|
Lopez-Gallego F, Betancor L, Hidalgo A, Dellamora-Ortiz G, Mateo C, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM. Stabilization of different alcohol oxidases via immobilization and post immobilization techniques. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Chapter 13 Application of electrochemical enzyme biosensors for food quality control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
45
|
Santos AS, Pereira AC, Durán N, Kubota LT. Amperometric biosensor for ethanol based on co-immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase and Meldola's Blue on multi-wall carbon nanotube. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Pereira A, Macedo D, Santos A, Kubota L. Amperometric Biosensor for Lactate Based on Meldola's Blue Adsorbed on Silica Gel Modified with Niobium Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
47
|
Carelli D, Centonze D, De Giglio A, Quinto M, Zambonin PG. An interference-free first generation alcohol biosensor based on a gold electrode modified by an overoxidised non-conducting polypyrrole film. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
48
|
Shkotova LV, Soldatkin AP, Gonchar MV, Schuhmann W, Dzyadevych SV. Amperometric biosensor for ethanol detection based on alcohol oxidase immobilised within electrochemically deposited Resydrol film. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Crouch E, Cowell DC, Hoskins S, Pittson RW, Hart JP. A novel, disposable, screen-printed amperometric biosensor for glucose in serum fabricated using a water-based carbon ink. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:712-8. [PMID: 16242609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed amperometric glucose biosensors have been fabricated using a water-based carbon ink. The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) and the electro-catalyst cobalt phthalocyanine were mixed with the carbon ink prior to the screen-printing process; therefore, biosensors are prepared in a one-step fabrication procedure. Optimisation of the biosensor performance was achieved by studying the effects of pH, buffer strength, and applied potential on the analytical response. Calibration studies were performed under optimum conditions, using amperometry in stirred solution, with an operating potential of +500 mV versus SCE. The sensitivity was found to be 1170 nA mM(-1), with a linear range of 0.025-2 mM; the former represents the detection limit. The disposable amperometric biosensor was evaluated by carrying out replicate determinations on a sample of bovine serum. This was achieved by the method of multiple standard additions and included a correction for background currents arising from oxidizable serum components. The mean serum concentration was calculated to be 8.63 mM and compared well with the supplier's value of 8.3 mM; the coefficient of variation was calculated to be 3.3% (n=6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crouch
- Centre for Research in Analytical, Materials, and Sensor Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang GJ, Xu JJ, Wang K, Chen HY. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nanosized Cobalt Phthalocyanine Particles: Simultaneous Determination in the Presence of CTAB. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|