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Beshana S, Hussen A, Leta S, Kaneta T. Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Devices for the Detection of Carbamate Pesticides. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:344-351. [PMID: 35689692 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs) are a new technology platform for the development of extremely low-cost sensing applications. In this study, μ-PADs has been developed for quantitative determination of carbamate pesticides. Key experimental parameters including concentration and volume of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine iodide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), incubation time and image capturing time were systematically optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method showed wide range of linearity (0.25-16 mg/L), repeatability (4%-5% RSD) and intermediate precision (7%-10% RSD). Limit of detection was observed to be 0.4, 0.24 and 0.46 mg/L for carbaryl, carbosulfan and furathiocarb, respectively. An acceptable mean recovery (87% to 94%) was observed for the three pesticides at 1 mg/L fortification level. The results reveal that the developed method requires minimal reagents, simple and is easy to handle. It can be used for the quantification of carbamate pesticides in resource limited laboratories without the need for the conventional analytical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheleme Beshana
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Hussen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Seyoum Leta
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanana, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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2
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Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MMIP) Mediated Bacterial Esterase-Based Assay for Captan Detection in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Wu L, Zhou M, Liu C, Chen X, Chen Y. Double-enzymes-mediated Fe 2+/Fe 3+ conversion as magnetic relaxation switch for pesticide residues sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123619. [PMID: 32827859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to develop a newly rapid and accurate detection method for pesticide residues. In this work, based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (CHO), a double-enzymes-mediated Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion as magnetic relaxation switch was explored for the measurement of acetamiprid residue. In the double-enzymes reactions, acetylcholine chloride (ACh) can be catalyzed to produce choline by AChE, which is successively hydrolyzed to betaine and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by CHO. According to the enzyme inhibition principle, AChE activity will be inactivated in the presence of acetamiprid, thus leading to the less production of H2O2. Wherein, Fe2+, ACh, AChE and CHO were optimized as the reaction substrates. In the reaction system, acetamiprid can be reflected by the transverse relaxation time (T2) that related with H2O2 mediated Fe2+ variations, which was further developed as an enzyme cascade amplification method. The detection linear range is 0.01∼1000 μg mL-1 (R2 = 0.99), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 2.66 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3, n = 3), behaving a 335-fold improvement in LOD than that of traditional enzyme inhibition method (0.89 μg mL-1). This method can realize "one-step mixing" detection of acetamiprid, which makes it a promising analytical tool for monitoring pesticide residue in complicated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena-Member of the research alliance Leibniz Health Technologies, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance, Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Badawy SM. Optimization of reaction time for detection of organophosphorus pesticides by enzymatic inhibition assay and mathematical modeling of enzyme inhibition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:142-149. [PMID: 33287632 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1853455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibition assay was used as a biomarker for detection of organophosphates pesticides in food and environmental samples. The aim of the present study was to optimize the time of enzyme-inhibitor reaction for quantitative determination of fenitrothion organophosphate based on cholinesterase inhibition. The results showed that this method provides a time-efficient, best linearity and simple assay. The effect of reaction time on the linearity relationship of the noncompetitive inhibition equation was studied. The best linearity of the assay was found at an optimum reaction time of 3.0 min, with coefficient of determination r 2 of 0.9972, in the range of inhibitor concentrations from 0.016 to 2.0 μg mL-1. The enzyme inhibition reached a plateau at 5 min by addition of pesticide in vitro and then the inhibited enzyme reactivate spontaneously and approached steady state at 20 min. A theoretical kinetic model to explain the effect of reaction time on the enzyme inhibition by addition of pesticide in vitro was derived. The higher values of coefficient of determination r 2 for the predicted model and error functions of the minimum deviations suggest that this model can be used to represent the experimental data and explain the plasma cholinesterase inhibition by fenitrothion pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Badawy
- National Center for Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, NECTR, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Dalkıran B. Amperometric determination of heavy metal using an HRP inhibition biosensor based on ITO nanoparticles-ruthenium (III) hexamine trichloride composite: Central composite design optimization. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107569. [PMID: 32464529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme inhibition biosensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (RUT), and chitosan (CH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. The biosensor fabrication process was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The amounts of ITO nanoparticles and RUT were optimized using a 22 central composite design for the optimization of electrode composition. The detection limits were determined as 8 nM, 3 nM, and 1 nM for Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+, respectively. The inhibition calibration curves of the biosensor were found to be within the range of 0.009-0.301 µM with a sensitivity of 11.97 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.85 µA µM-1) for Pb2+, 0.011-0.368 µM with a sensitivity of 10.84 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.77 µA µM-1) for Ni2+, and 0.008-0.372 µM with a sensitivity of 10.99 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.78 µA µM-1) for Cd2+. The type of HRP inhibition by Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ was investigated by the Dixon and Cornish-Bowden plots. The effects of possible interfering species on the biosensor response were examined. The analysis of Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ in tap water was demonstrated using the HRP/ITO-RUT-CH/GCE with satisfactory experimental results. The proposed method agreed with the atomic absorption spectrometry results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dalkıran
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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Badawy SM. Validation and kinetic of enzymatic method for the detection of organophosphate insecticides based on cholinesterase inhibition. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:134-138. [PMID: 31532269 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1669248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic and validation of the enzymatic method for the determination of fenitrothion organophosphorus based on cholinesterase inhibition were studied. A Linear relationship was obtained with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.9989 suggesting that the noncompetitive inhibition kinetic equation is suitable to represent the enzymatic assay of fenitrothion. The value of the inhibition constant KI was 0.374 μg/ml/min. The analytical logarithmic curve for the determination of fenitrothion concentration using the percentage of cholinesterase inhibition presented good linear relations at concentrations of 0.05-2 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9889). The maximum inhibition 83% was observed at 2.0 μg/ml final assay concentration. The lower inhibition 3.3% was observed at 0.05 μg/ml detection limit. The experimental measurement condition was optimized. The enzymatic method exhibited detection limits (LOD) in the range of 0.05-2.0 μg/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.06 μg/ml with inhibition 13%. The concentration of fenitrothion that inhibited the hydrolysis of substrate by 50% (IC50 value) was 0.4 μg/ml. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation indicate a good precision of the enzymatic method for the detection of organophosphate insecticides at an incubation time of 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Badawy
- National Center for Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Pundir C, Malik A, Preety. Bio-sensing of organophosphorus pesticides: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Alvau MD, Tartaggia S, Meneghello A, Casetta B, Calia G, Serra PA, Polo F, Toffoli G. Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anticancer Drug Irinotecan. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6012-6019. [PMID: 29658266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring pharmaceutical drug concentrations in patients' biofluids at designated intervals, thus allowing a close and timely control of their dosage. To date, TDM in oncology can only be performed by trained personnel in centralized laboratories and core facilities employing conventional analytical techniques (e.g., MS). CPT-11 is an antineoplastic drug that inhibits topoisomerase type I, causing cell death, and is widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. CPT-11 was also found to directly inhibit acetylcholine esterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in neuromuscular junction. In this work, we describe an enzymatic biosensor, based on AChE and choline oxidase (ChOx), which can quantify CPT-11. ACh (acetylcholine) substrate is converted to choline, which is subsequently metabolized by ChOx to give betaine aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The latter one is then oxidized at a suitably polarized platinum electrode, providing a current transient proportional to the amount of ACh. Such an enzymatic process is hampered by CPT-11. The biosensor showed a ∼60% maximal inhibition toward AChE activity in the clinically relevant concentration range 10-10 000 ng/mL of CPT-11 in both simple (phosphate buffer) and complex (fetal bovine serum) matrixes, while its metabolites showed negligible effects. These findings could open new routes toward a real-time TDM in oncology, thus improving the therapeutic treatments and lowering the related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Alvau
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Stefano Tartaggia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Anna Meneghello
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Bruno Casetta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Giammario Calia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Pharmacology , University of Sassari , Viale San Pietro 43/b , Sassari , Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Pharmacology , University of Sassari , Viale San Pietro 43/b , Sassari , Italy
| | - Federico Polo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
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9
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Rajangam B, Daniel DK, Krastanov AI. Progress in enzyme inhibition based detection of pesticides. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:4-19. [PMID: 32624856 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous few decades have seen the development of biosensors and their use in monitoring of pesticides in food and environmental samples. Although inhibition-based biosensors have been subject of several recent research works, their performance characteristics greatly depend on the type of immobilization and the presence of interfering compounds in the samples. Moreover, sensitivity, detection limits, and rapidity of the response are few of the other major features that need to be investigated further if they are to become operationally user-friendly. This review will highlight research carried out in the past on biosensors that are based on enzyme inhibition for determination of organophosphorus compounds and carbamate pesticides.
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10
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Li S, Liu C, Han B, Luo J, Yin G. An electrochemiluminescence aptasensor switch for aldicarb recognition via ruthenium complex-modified dendrimers on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Štěpánková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vorčáková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Hatamie A, Khan A, Golabi M, Turner APF, Beni V, Mak WC, Sadollahkhani A, Alnoor H, Zargar B, Bano S, Nur O, Willander M. Zinc oxide nanostructure-modified textile and its application to biosensing, photocatalysis, and as antibacterial material. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10913-21. [PMID: 26372851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, one-dimensional nanostructures with different morphologies (such as nanowires, nanorods (NRs), and nanotubes) have become the focus of intensive research, because of their unique properties with potential applications. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials has been found to be highly attractive, because of the remarkable potential for applications in many different areas such as solar cells, sensors, piezoelectric devices, photodiode devices, sun screens, antireflection coatings, and photocatalysis. Here, we present an innovative approach to create a new modified textile by direct in situ growth of vertically aligned one-dimensional (1D) ZnO NRs onto textile surfaces, which can serve with potential for biosensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial applications. ZnO NRs were grown by using a simple aqueous chemical growth method. Results from analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ZnO NRs were dispersed over the entire surface of the textile. We have demonstrated the following applications of these multifunctional textiles: (1) as a flexible working electrode for the detection of aldicarb (ALD) pesticide, (2) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of organic molecules (i.e., Methylene Blue and Congo Red), and (3) as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli. The ZnO-based textile exhibited excellent photocatalytic and antibacterial activities, and it showed a promising sensing response. The combination of sensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial properties provided by the ZnO NRs brings us closer to the concept of smart textiles for wearable sensing without a deodorant and antibacterial control. Perhaps the best known of the products that is available in markets for such purposes are textiles with silver nanoparticles. Our modified textile is thus providing acceptable antibacterial properties, compared to available commercial modified textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hatamie
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azam Khan
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Mathematics, NED University of Engineering & Technology , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Azar Sadollahkhani
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hatim Alnoor
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Behrooz Zargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sumaira Bano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Omer Nur
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Willander
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
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Attar A, Emilia Ghica M, Amine A, Brett CMA. Poly(neutral red) based hydrogen peroxide biosensor for chromium determination by inhibition measurements. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:348-355. [PMID: 25080156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amperometric hydrogen peroxide enzyme inhibition biosensors based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilised on electropolymerised neutral red (NR) or directly on the surface of carbon film electrodes (CFE) have been successfully applied to the determination of toxic Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Parameters influencing the performance of the biosensor including the enzyme immobilisation method, the amount of hydrogen peroxide, applied potential and electrolyte pH were optimised. The inhibition of horseradish peroxidase by the chromium species was studied under the optimised conditions. Results from the quantitative analysis of chromium ions are discussed in terms of detection limit, linear range and sensitivity. The HRP kinetic interactions reveal mixed binding of Cr(III) with I50=3.8μM and inhibition binding constant Ki=11.3μM at HRP/PNR/CFE biosensors and uncompetitive binding of Cr(VI) with I50=3.9μM and Ki=0.78μM at HRP/CFE biosensors in the presence of H2O2 substrate. Interferences from other heavy metal ions were studied and the inhibition show very good selectivity towards Cr(III) and Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Attar
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Hassan II Mohammedia, BP 146, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - M Emilia Ghica
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aziz Amine
- Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Hassan II Mohammedia, BP 146, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco.
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Chauhan N, Pundir CS. Amperometric determination of acetylcholine-A neurotransmitter, by chitosan/gold-coated ferric oxide nanoparticles modified gold electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:1-8. [PMID: 24836212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric acetylcholine biosensor was constructed by co-immobilizing covalently, a mixture of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) onto nanocomposite of chitosan (CHIT)/gold-coated ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe@AuNPs) electrodeposited onto surface of a Au electrode and using it as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode connected through potentiostat. The biosensor is based on electrochemical measurement of H2O2 generated from oxidation of choline by immobilized ChO, which in turn is produced from hydrolysis of acetylcholine by immobilized AChE. The biosensor exhibited optimum response within 3s at +0.2V, pH 7.0 and 30°C. The enzyme electrode had a linear working range of 0.005-400 µM, with a detection limit of 0.005 µM for acetylcholine. The biosensor measured plasma acetylcholine in apparently healthy and persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The enzyme electrode was unaffected by a number of serum substances but lost 50% of its initial activity after its 100 uses over a period of 3 months, when stored at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Yotova L, Medhat N. Coimmobilization of Acetylcholinesterase and Choline Oxidase on New Nanohybrid Membranes Obtained by Sol Gel Technology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Acetylcholinesterase biosensors for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus compounds: a review. Biochem Res Int 2013; 2013:731501. [PMID: 24383001 PMCID: PMC3872028 DOI: 10.1155/2013/731501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponentially growing population, with limited resources, has exerted an intense pressure on the agriculture sector. In order to achieve high productivity the use of pesticide has increased up to many folds. These pesticides contain organophosphorus (OP) toxic compounds which interfere with the proper functioning of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and finally affect the central nervous system (CNS). So, there is a need for routine, continuous, on spot detection of OP compounds which are the main limitations associated with conventional analytical methods. AChE based enzymatic biosensors have been reported by researchers as the most promising tool for analysis of pesticide level to control toxicity and for environment conservation. The present review summarises AChE based biosensors by discussing their characteristic features in terms of fabrication, detection limit, linearity range, time of incubation, and storage stability. Use of nanoparticles in recently reported fabrication strategies has improved the efficiency of biosensors to a great extent making them more reliable and robust.
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Hatefi-Mehrjardi A. Bienzyme self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode: An amperometric biosensor for carbaryl determination. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Kanik FE, Kolb M, Timur S, Bahadir M, Toppare L. An amperometric acetylcholine biosensor based on a conducting polymer. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Development of an acetylcholinesterase immobilized flow through amperometric detector based on thiocholine detection at a silver electrode. Talanta 2013; 109:116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pundir CS, Chauhan N. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition-based biosensors for pesticide determination: a review. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:19-31. [PMID: 22759777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides released intentionally into the environment and through various processes contaminate the environment. Although pesticides are associated with many health hazards, there is a lack of monitoring of these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods-high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry-are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment but have certain limitations such as complexity, time-consuming sample preparation, and the requirement of expensive apparatus and trained persons to operate. Over the past decades, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition-based biosensors have emerged as simple, rapid, and ultra-sensitive tools for pesticide analysis in environmental monitoring, food safety, and quality control. These biosensors have the potential to complement or replace the classical analytical methods by simplifying or eliminating sample preparation and making field-testing easier and faster with significant decrease in cost per analysis. This article reviews the recent developments in AChE inhibition-based biosensors, which include various immobilization methods, different strategies for biosensor construction, the advantages and roles of various matrices used, analytical performance, and application methods for constructing AChE biosensors. These AChE biosensors exhibited detection limits and linearity in the ranges of 1.0×10(-11) to 42.19 μM (detection limits) and 1.0×10(-11)-1.0×10(-2) to 74.5-9.9×10(3)μM (linearity). These biosensors were stable for a period of 2 to 120days. The future prospects for the development of better AChE biosensing systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India.
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22
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Recent advances in polymeric materials used as electron mediators and immobilizing matrices in developing enzyme electrodes. SENSORS 2012; 12:923-53. [PMID: 22368503 PMCID: PMC3279247 DOI: 10.3390/s120100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Different classes of polymeric materials such as nanomaterials, sol-gel materials, conducting polymers, functional polymers and biomaterials have been used in the design of sensors and biosensors. Various methods have been used, for example from direct adsorption, covalent bonding, crossing-linking with glutaraldehyde on composites to mixing the enzymes or use of functionalized beads for the design of sensors and biosensors using these polymeric materials in recent years. It is widely acknowledged that analytical sensing at electrodes modified with polymeric materials results in low detection limits, high sensitivities, lower applied potential, good stability, efficient electron transfer and easier immobilization of enzymes on electrodes such that sensing and biosensing of environmental pollutants is made easier. However, there are a number of challenges to be addressed in order to fulfill the applications of polymeric based polymers such as cost and shortening the long laboratory synthetic pathways involved in sensor preparation. Furthermore, the toxicological effects on flora and fauna of some of these polymeric materials have not been well studied. Given these disadvantages, efforts are now geared towards introducing low cost biomaterials that can serve as alternatives for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. This review highlights recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on different polymeric material. The synergistic action of some of these polymeric materials and nanocomposites imposed when combined on electrode during sensing is discussed.
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An amperometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized onto iron oxide nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode for measurement of organophosphorus insecticides. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 701:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chauhan N, Narang J, Pundir CS. Immobilization of rat brain acetylcholinesterase on porous gold-nanoparticle-CaCO₃ hybrid material modified Au electrode for detection of organophosphorous insecticides. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:923-9. [PMID: 21856330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An acetylcholinesterase (AChE) purified from rat brain was immobilized onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) assembled on the surface of porous calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) microsphere. The resulting AChE-AuNPs-CaCO(3) bioconjugate was mounted on the surface of Au electrode with the help of silica sol-gel matrix to prepare the working electrode. This electrode was connected to Ag/AgCl (3M/saturated KCl) as standard and Pt wire as an auxiliary electrode through a potentiostat to construct an organophosphorus (OP) biosensor. The biosensor was based on inhibition of AChE by OP compounds/insecticides. The biosensor showed optimum response at pH 7.0, 30°C, when polarized at +0.2V. Two OP compounds, malathion and chlorpyrifos could be detected in the range of 0.1-100 nM and 0.1-70 nM, respectively at 2.0-3.0% inhibition level of AChE. The sensor was reactivated by immersing it in 0.1 mM 2-pyridine aldoxime for 10 min. The detection limit of the sensor was 0.1 nM for both malathion and chlorpyrifos. The biosensor exhibited good reusability (50 times without considerable loss) and storage stability (50% within 60 days, when stored at 4°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India
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25
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Barbosa AR, Karmali A. Development of a biosensor for urea assay based on amidase inhibition, using an ion-selective electrode. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2011.591926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Immobilization of laccase on polymer grafted polytetrafluoroethylene membranes for biosensor construction. Talanta 2011; 84:524-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Turdean GL. Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/343125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds (including heavy metals, HMs) used in different fields of industry and/or agriculture act as inhibitors of enzymes, which, as consequence, are unable to bind the substrate. Even if it is not so sensitive, the method for detecting heavy metal traces using biosensors has a dynamic trend and is largely applied for improving the “life quality”, because of biosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In the last years, they also become more and more a synergetic combination between biotechnology and microelectronics. Dedicated biosensors were developed for offline and online analysis, and also, their extent and diversity could be called a real “biosensor revolution”. A panel of examples of biosensors: enzyme-, DNA-, imuno-, whole-cell-based biosensors were systematised depending on the reaction type, transduction signal, or analytical performances. The mechanism of enzyme-based biosensor and the kinetic of detection process are described and compared. In this context, is explainable why bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and bioengineering will compete for developing sensitive and selective biosensors able to determine multiple analytes simultaneously and/or integrated in wireless communications systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella L. Turdean
- Physical Chemistry Department, Babes-Bolyai, University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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28
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López MSP, López-Ruiz B. Inhibition Biosensor Based on Calcium Phosphate Materials for Detection of Benzoic Acid in Aqueous and Organic Media. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Zitova A, O'Mahony FC, Kurochkin IN, Papkovsky DB. A Simple Screening Assay for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition Based on Optical Oxygen Detection. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003653833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Ion AC, Ion I, Culetu A, Gherase D, Moldovan CA, Iosub R, Dinescu A. Acetylcholinesterase voltammetric biosensors based on carbon nanostructure-chitosan composite material for organophosphate pesticides. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Miao Y, He N, Zhu JJ. History and New Developments of Assays for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5216-34. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Miao
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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32
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Dounin V, Veloso AJ, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Kerman K. Disposable electrochemical printed gold chips for the analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 669:63-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition for insecticides, nerve agents and aflatoxin B1 detection (review). Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Qu Y, Sun Q, Xiao F, Shi G, Jin L. Layer-by-Layer self-assembled acetylcholinesterase/PAMAM-Au on CNTs modified electrode for sensing pesticides. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 77:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Gabrovska K, Godjevargova T. Optimum immobilization of urease on modified acrylonitrile copolymer membranes: Inactivation by heavy metal ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Upadhyay S, Rao GR, Sharma MK, Bhattacharya BK, Rao VK, Vijayaraghavan R. Immobilization of acetylcholineesterase-choline oxidase on a gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides, carbamates and nerve agents. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:832-8. [PMID: 19762223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, highly sensitive amperometric biosensor, based on electrodeposition of gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles onto 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane modified glassy carbon electrode for the detection of paraoxon ethyl, aldicarb, and sarin has been developed. The biosensor consists of acetylcholineesterase (AChE)/choline oxidase (ChOx) immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde on a modified electrode. The properties of nanoparticles modified electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synergistic action of Au and Pt nanoparticles showed excellent electrocatalytic activity with low applied potential for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The IC(50) and inhibition rate constant (K(i)) values were determined for the inhibitors using immobilized enzymes on modified electrode and the data were compared by spectrophotometric determination of these kinetic parameters using free enzymes in solution. Paraoxon ethyl, sarin, and aldicarb could be detected up to 150-200nM, 40-50nM, and 40-60 microM respectively at 30-40% inhibition level of AChE enzyme and followed linearity in wide range concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Upadhyay
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India.
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37
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Zorlutuna P, Yılgör P, Başmanav FB, Hasırcı V. Biomaterials and tissue engineering research in Turkey: The METU Biomat Center experience. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:965-80. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Choline oxidase as a selective recognition element for determination of paraoxon. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2509-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Gabrovska K, Nedelcheva T, Godjevargova T, Stoilova O, Manolova N, Rashkov I. Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase on new modified acrylonitrile copolymer membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Dutta K, Bhattacharyay D, Mukherjee A, Setford SJ, Turner APF, Sarkar P. Detection of pesticide by polymeric enzyme electrodes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 69:556-61. [PMID: 17328951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) containing immobilized acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme were used for the electrochemical determination of organophosphorous (OP) and carbamate pesticides. The extent of AChE deactivation by the pesticide was determined in the presence of acetylcholine (AChCl) substrate. The unique nature of this approach lies in the enzyme immobilization procedure in which AChE was attached to the SPE by in situ bulk polymerization of acrylamide to ensure efficient adherence within the membrane with minimal losses in enzyme activity. Responses were observed for the pesticides Monocrotophos, Malathion, Metasystox and Lannate over the concentration range 0-10 ppb (microg L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dutta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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41
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Leclair Ellis J, Tomasko DL, Dehghani F. Novel dense CO2 technique for beta-galactosidase immobilization in polystyrene microchannels. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1027-34. [PMID: 18293901 DOI: 10.1021/bm701343m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we design new fabrication techniques and demonstrate the potential of using dense CO2 for facilitating crucial steps in the fabrication of polymeric lab-on-a-chip microdevices by embedding biomolecules at temperatures well below the polymer's glass transition temperature (T(g)). These new techniques are environmentally friendly and done without the use of a clean room. Carbon dioxide at 40 degrees C and between 4.48 and 6.89 MPa was used to immobilize the biologically active molecule, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), on the surface of polystyrene microchannels. To our knowledge, this is the first time dense CO2 has been used to directly immobilize an enzyme in a microchannel. beta-gal activity was maintained and shown via a fluorescent reaction product, after enzyme immobilization and microchannel capping by the designed fabrication steps at 40 degrees C and pressures up to 6.89 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Leclair Ellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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42
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Teksoy S, Odaci D, Timur S. A New Bienzymatic Biosensor Based on Butyrylcholine Esterase‐Sulfhydryl Oxidase Enzymes. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701603819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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A fluorescent biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase and 5-oxazolone derivative immobilized in polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Rosales-Hernández MC, Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Correa-Basurto J, Vázquez-Alcántara JI, Terres-Rojas E, Trujillo-Ferrara J. Catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on mesoporous molecular sieves. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:444-8. [PMID: 17208293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MCM-41 and FSM-16 were used for enzyme immobilization on account of their good physical and chemical properties. In this work, the catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on these materials was investigated, using neostigmina as AChE inhibitor. The results show that AChE was adsorbed on MCM-41 and on FSM-16-TIPB. AChE immobilized on the latter material maintained 70% of its activity and the material did not hydrolyze ACh (as MCM-41) by itself. Therefore, FSM-16-TIPB was the best material, considering also that when neostigmine was applied to AChE immobilized on FSM-16-TIPB, the activity of AChE decreased as occurs in its free from. Hence, this model could be useful in the evaluation of different kinds of AChE inhibitors, allowing the recycling of enzymes and making possible several assays and thereby, lowering cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rosales-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Bioquímica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
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45
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Abstract
Choline oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine-betaine, with betaine-aldehyde as intermediate and molecular oxygen as primary electron acceptor. This study reports on the inhibitory effects of triarylmethanes (cationic malachite green; neutral leukomalachite green), phenoxazines (cationic, meldola blue and nile blue; neutral nile red) and a structurally-related phenothiazine (methylene blue) on choline oxidase, assayed at 25 degrees C in 50 mM MOPS buffer, pH 7, using choline as substrate. Methylene B acted as a competitive inhibitor with K(i) = 74 +/- 7.2 microM, pointing to the choline-binding site of the enzyme as a target site. Nile B caused noncompetitive inhibition of enzyme activity with K(i) = 20 +/- 4.5 microM. In contrast to methylene B and nile B, malachite G and meldola B caused complex, nonlinear inhibition of choline oxidase, with estimated K(i) values in the micromolar range. The difference in kinetic pattern was ascribed to the differential ability of the dyes to interact (and interfere) with the flavin cofactor, generating different perturbations in the steady-state balance of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Tacal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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46
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Ghosh D, Dutta K, Bhattacharyay D, Sarkar P. Amperometric detection of pesticides using polymer electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2006; 119:481-9. [PMID: 16758294 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The real time monitoring of some organophosphorus based pesticides is of great concern to environmentalists because the widespread use of pesticides is causing severe health hazards to all living beings and also hampering our ecological balance. The traditional methods of measurement of pesticide residues are time consuming, need sample pre-treatment, and lack desired specificity and accuracy. We have developed an amperometric biosensor for indirect measurement of the pesticide concentration precisely in ppb level. The method is based on the action of two enzymes namely acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase which are uniquely immobilized in a polymeric porous network directly on the working electrode of a screen-printed sensor. Polyacrylamide matrix has been prepared by copolymerisation of acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide using Potassium peroxodisulphate (K2S2O8) as initiator. A linear relationship was obtained between the range of 0 to 10 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ghosh
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
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47
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Stoytcheva M, Zlatev R, Valdez B, Magnin JP, Velkova Z. Electrochemical sensor based on Arthrobacter globiformis for cholinesterase activity determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:1-9. [PMID: 16376069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sensors applied recently for determination of cholinesterase activity are mostly enzymatic amperometric sensors, in spite of their disadvantages: short life-time at ambient temperature, instability of the response, interferences, as well as passivation of the electrode surface. In the present paper a new approach for determination of cholinesterase activity was proposed, overcoming the main drawbacks of the analysis performed with amperometric enzymatic sensors. Instead of the immobilization of enzymes on a conducting electrode surface, whole cells of Arthrobacter globiformis, containing choline oxidase were fixed on a Clark type oxygen probe. Current proportional to bacteria respiration is registered as a sensor response. The application of whole cells of bacteria as a sensing element permits to achieve high stability of the response and long life-time of the sensor at ambient temperature, due to the conservation of the enzyme in its natural micro-environment inside the immobilized cells. The proposed sensor keeps its functionality more than 7 weeks stored in deionized water at ambient temperature. For the first 2 weeks the amplitude of the response decreases with only 10% and at the end of the studied 7 weeks period the response was 50% of the initial. The other advantages of the proposed sensor are: the dissolved oxygen is used as a mediator which concentration can be reliably and interferences free measured by the aim of a Clark type oxygen probe applied as a transducer; reproducible bacterial membranes can be elaborated by filtration of resuspended bacterial culture after preliminary determination of its activity; application of membranes containing lyophilized bacteria capable to be conserved infinitely long time and activated just before their application; negligible cost compared with the sensors based on immobilized enzymes. The steady-state response of the proposed bacterial sensor to choline obtained in 200 s is linear in the investigated concentration range up to 2 x 10(-4) moldm(-3), with detection limit of 8 x 10(-8) moldm(-3) and sensitivity of 4 x 10(-1) microAcm(3)mol(-1), at pH 6, temperature of 25 degrees C and stirring rate of 300 rpm. Choline is formed as a result of the catalytic hydrolysis (depending on the cholinesterase activity) of the substrate acetylcholine. Linear calibration graph for cholinesterase activity determination was obtained in the range up to 11 mUcm(-3), with a slope of 1.97 x 10(-2) microAcm(3)mU(-1), at pH 6, temperature of 25 degrees C and stirring rate of 300 rpm. The tests with reconstituted lyophilized serum with known activity used as a control sample confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. The relative error of the determination was only 2.82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stoytcheva
- University of Mining and Geology, Department of Chemistry, Studentski grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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48
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Pérez JPH, López-Cabarcos E, López-Ruiz B. The application of methacrylate-based polymers to enzyme biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:233-45. [PMID: 16880004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme electrodes based on methacrylates have received significant attention in the development of biosensors. This article reviews the use and application of methacrylate and its derivatives as an immobilization system for the preparation of enzyme electrodes. Resent examples, extracted from the literature, illustrate the superior performance of such materials in the fabrication of biosensors and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hervás Pérez
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Amine A, Mohammadi H, Bourais I, Palleschi G. Enzyme inhibition-based biosensors for food safety and environmental monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1405-23. [PMID: 16125923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analytical technology based on sensors is an extremely broad field which impacts on many major industrial sectors such as the pharmaceutical, healthcare, food, and agriculture industries as well as environmental monitoring. This review will highlight the research carried out during the last 5 years on biosensors that are based on enzyme inhibition for determination of pollutants and toxic compounds in a wide range of samples. Here the different enzymes implicated in the inhibition, different transducers forming the sensing devices, and the different contaminants analyzed are considered. The general application of the various biosensors developed, with emphasis on food and environmental applications, is reviewed as well as the general approaches that have been used for enzyme immobilization, the enzyme catalysis, and the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Amine
- Laboratoire des Analyses Chimiques et des Biocapteurs, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammadia, Morocco.
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50
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Insecticide identification using a flow injection analysis system with biosensors based on various cholinesterases. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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