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Zhu N, Yao H, Zhang X, Bao H. Metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2326-2349. [PMID: 38259195 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
As a class of multifunctional reagents, organic peroxides play vital roles in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical synthesis and polymerization reactions. Metal-catalyzed asymmetric catalysis has emerged as one of the most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct enantioenriched molecules, and an increasing number of metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides have been disclosed by researchers in recent years. Despite remarkable progress, the types of asymmetric reactions facilitated by organic peroxides remain limited and the catalysis systems need to be further broadened. To the best of our knowledge, there is still no review devoted to summarizing the reactions from this perspective. In this review, we will endeavor to highlight the advances in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides. We hope that this survey will summarize the functions of organic peroxides in catalytic reactions, improve the understanding of these compounds and inspire future developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Huijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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2
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Enantioselective Allylic C-H Bond Oxidation of Olefins Using Copper Complexes of Chiral Oxazoline Based Ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:20. [PMID: 35274165 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses historical and contemporary research studies of asymmetric allylic oxidation of olefins using homogeneous and heterogeneous copper complexes of various kinds of oxazoline-based ligands, until the end of 2021. It is revealed that this strategy is a powerful method to form a new stereogenic center bearing an oxygen substituent adjacent to an unchanged C=C bond. Enantioselectivities as well as chemical yields, and also the reactivity, are strongly dependent on the type of substrate, oxidant, the copper salt and its oxidation state, ligand structure, temperature, nature of the solvent, and additives such as phenylhydrazine and porous materials.
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3
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Lauzon S, Schouwey L, Ollevier T. C2-Symmetric 2,2'-Bipyridine-α,α'-1-adamantyl-diol Ligand: Bulky Iron Complexes in Asymmetric Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1116-1120. [PMID: 35080897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chiral 2,2'-bipyridine-α,α'-1-adamantyl-diol ligand was achieved starting from commercially available materials. The bulky ligand was synthesized in three steps in 40% overall yield with stereoselectivities of 98% de and >99.5% ee for the S,S enantiomer. The absolute configuration of and structural insights into a heptacoordinated 2,2'-bipyridine-α,α'-1-Ad-diol/FeII chiral complex were obtained from single-crystal diffraction analyses. The newly synthesized ligand was used in iron-catalyzed asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol, thia-Michael, and Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lauzon
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lionel Schouwey
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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4
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Pérez-Palau M, Sanosa N, Romea P, Urpí F, López R, Gómez-Bengoa E, Font-Bardia M. Stereoselective Alkylation of Chiral Titanium(IV) Enolates with tert-Butyl Peresters. Org Lett 2021; 23:8852-8856. [PMID: 34699246 PMCID: PMC8609576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we present
a new stereoselective alkylation of titanium(IV)
enolates of chiral N-acyl oxazolidinones with tert-butyl peresters from Cα-branched aliphatic carboxylic
acids, which proceeds through the decarboxylation of the peresters
and the subsequent formation of alkyl radicals to produce the alkylated
adducts with an excellent diastereoselectivity. Theoretical calculations
account for the observed reactivity and the outstanding stereocontrol.
Importantly, the resultant compounds can be easily converted into
ligands for asymmetric and catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Palau
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nil Sanosa
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX. CCiTUB. Universitat de Barcelona. Carrer Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Designing chiral amido-oxazolines as new chelating ligands devoted to direct Cu-catalyzed oxidation of allylic C H bonds in cyclic olefins. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Wang R, Xu E, Su Z, Duan H, Wang J, Xue L, Lin Y, Li Y, Wei Z, Yang Q. Preparation of prolinamide with adamantane for aldol reaction catalysis in brine and separation using a poly(AN-MA-β-CD) nanofibrous film via host-guest interaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28376-28385. [PMID: 35542465 PMCID: PMC9084239 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolinamides with double-H potential were prepared and employed as organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol reactions. The catalyst with adamantane showed improved catalytic activity, which was further enhanced by using brine as the solvent. A series of aldol reactions in brine at 0 °C provided good yields (up to 98%) with high diastereoselectivities (>99 : 1) and enantioselectivities (>99%). The prepared catalyst was adsorbed by a nanofibrous film of poly(AN-MA-β-CD) via host-guest interaction in the reaction system. The catalyst was separated from the film by applying ultrasound, with a total recovery of 96.2%. The catalyst was reused up to five times without a significant change in diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Enjie Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Su
- Security Check Jilin Province 566B Guigu Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Longqi Xue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Lin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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7
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Hui XP, Huang JI, Chiou SJ, Gau HM. An Efficient and High-Yield One-Pot Synthesis of Bis(oxazoline)s. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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A significant improvement in enantioselectivity, yield, and reactivity for the copper-bi-o-tolyl bisoxazoline-catalyzed asymmetric allylic oxidation of cyclic olefins using recoverable SBA-15 mesoporous silica material. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Samadi S, Jadidi K, Notash B. Chiral bisoxazoline ligands with a biphenyl backbone: development and application in catalytic asymmetric allylic oxidation of cycloolefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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11
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Kas’yan LI, Pal’chikov VA. Cage-like amino alcohols. synthesis, reactions, and application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801001001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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13
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Lee JD, Kim TJ, Han WS, Han SJ, Lee C, Ko J, Kang SO. C2-Symmetric Group 4 Metal Complexes Adorned with Chiral N,O Chelates: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Helical Hexacoordinate Metal Dichlorides Derived from 6-Isopropyl-3-methyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Giri R, Shi BF, Engle KM, Maugel N, Yu JQ. Transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation reactions: diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3242-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b816707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1360] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Drudis-Solé G, Maseras F, Lledós A, Vallribera A, Moreno-Mañas M. DFT/MM Study on Copper-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation - Enantioselectivity with No Enthalpy Barrier. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Reymond
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 Rue
Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 Rue
Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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17
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Comelles J, Pericas A, Moreno-Mañas M, Vallribera A, Drudis-Solé G, Lledos A, Parella T, Roglans A, García-Granda S, Roces-Fernández L. Highly Enantioselective Electrophilic Amination and Michael Addition of Cyclic β-Ketoesters Induced by Lanthanides and (S,S)-ip-pybox: The Mechanism. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2077-87. [PMID: 17315933 DOI: 10.1021/jo0622678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High enantioselection is obtained in Michael additions of cyclic beta-ketoesters in the presence of lanthanium triflates and (S,S)-ip-pybox. Intermediates based on simultaneous coordination of the lanthanide to both (S,S)-ip-box and beta-ketoester (in keto and enolate forms) are detected by means of ESI mass spectrometry and NMR experiments, and a possible mechanism is proposed through theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Comelles
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Desimoni G, Faita G, Jørgensen KA. C2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(Oxazoline) Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2006; 106:3561-651. [PMID: 16967916 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Desimoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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19
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Reddy RP, Lee GH, Davies HML. Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Derived from Adamantylglycine as a Chiral Catalyst for Carbenoid Reactions. Org Lett 2006; 8:3437-40. [PMID: 16869629 DOI: 10.1021/ol060893l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The dirhodium tetracarboxylate, Rh2(S-PTAD)4, derived from adamantylglycine, is a very effective chiral catalyst for carbenoid reactions. High asymmetric induction was obtained in Rh2(S-PTAD)4-catalyzed intramolecular C-H insertion (94% ee), intermolecular cyclopropanation (99% ee), and intermolecular C-H insertion (92% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravisekhara P Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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20
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Novel bis(oxazoline) ligands derived from camphoric acid for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Effects of Extended Aryl-Substituted Bisoxazoline Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis - Efficient Synthesis and Application of 4,4′-Bis(1-Naphthyl)-, 4,4′-Bis(2-Naphthyl)- and 4,4′-Bis(9-Anthryl)-2,2′-isopropylidenebis(1,3-oxazolines). European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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da Plama Carreiro E, Chercheja S, Burke AJ, Ramalho JP, Rodrigues AI. Isbut-Box: A new chiral C2 symmetric bis-oxazoline for catalytic enantioselective synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Clark JS, Roche C. Tuneable asymmetric copper-catalysed allylic amination and oxidation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5175-7. [PMID: 16228026 DOI: 10.1039/b509678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric allylic amination or oxidation can be achieved by reaction of an alkene with a peroxycarbamate catalysed by a chiral copper bis-oxazoline complex, and the reaction can be tuned to give either the amination or oxidation product by reagent choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Clark
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UKNG7 2RD.
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24
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Clark JS, Clarke MR, Clough J, Blake AJ, Wilson C. Asymmetric allylic oxidation of bridged-bicyclic alkenes using a copper-catalysed symmetrising–desymmetrising Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Comelles J, Moreno-Mañas M, Pérez E, Roglans A, Sebastián RM, Vallribera A. Ionic and Covalent Copper(II)-Based Catalysts for Michael Additions. The Mechanism. J Org Chem 2004; 69:6834-42. [PMID: 15387609 DOI: 10.1021/jo049373z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cu(SbF6)2-AdamBox and copper(II) bis-(5-tert-butylsalicylaldehydate) catalyze the Michael addition in neutral media. Mechanistic studies, based on UV-vis, IR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), suggest that copper enolates of the beta-dicarbonyl formed in situ are the active nucleophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Comelles
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
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26
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McManus HA, Guiry PJ. Recent Developments in the Application of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4151-202. [PMID: 15352789 DOI: 10.1021/cr040642v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen A McManus
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Department of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Ireland
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27
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Dı́az S, González A, López C. Knoevenagel condensation of [NC–CH2C(O)–NH–CH(CO2Et)–S]2 with ferrocenecarbaldehyde and the activation of the σ(C–S) bond of [(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)–CHC(CN)–C(O)–NH–CH(CO2Et)–CH2–S–}]2 induced by palladium(II). J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kato K, Tanaka M, Yamamura S, Yamamoto Y, Akita H. Asymmetric cyclization–carbonylation of 2-propargyl-1,3-dione. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Cicchi S, Cordero FM, Giomi D. Chapter 5.7 Five-membered ring systems: With O&N atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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30
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Lipkowitz KB, Sakamoto T, Stack J. Using stereocartography for predicting efficacy of stereoinduction by chiral catalysts. Chirality 2003; 15:759-65. [PMID: 14556211 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A computational method called stereocartography is used to examine regions around chiral catalysts that are most stereoinducing during Diels-Alder reactions. Geometries and atomic charges of catalysts are first generated quantum mechanically. The transition state of the reaction being catalyzed is then computed quantum mechanically and those enantiomeric transition states are used as probes to determine where around the catalyst stereoinduction is optimal. A description of how to treat catalysts with multiple conformations is given. In this article seven catalysts containing a variety of ligand motifs and metals were evaluated. The hypothesis that the region of maximum stereoinduction must be spatially coincident with the site of chemistry for a catalyst to be efficient is upheld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny B Lipkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5516, USA.
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