1
|
Afanasyev OI, Kuchuk E, Usanov DL, Chusov D. Reductive Amination in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11857-11911. [PMID: 31633341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reductive amination plays a paramount role in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry owing to its synthetic merits and the ubiquitous presence of amines among biologically active compounds. It is one of the key approaches to C-N bond construction due to its operational easiness and a wide toolbox of protocols. Recent studies show that at least a quarter of C-N bond-forming reactions in the pharmaceutical industry are performed via reductive amination. This Review concisely compiles information on 71 medical substances that are synthesized by reductive amination. Compounds are grouped according to the principle of action, which includes drugs affecting the central nervous system, drugs affecting the cardiovascular system, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal medicines, drugs affecting the urinary system, drugs affecting the respiratory system, antidiabetic medications, drugs affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and drugs regulating metabolic processes. A general synthetic scheme is provided for each compound, and the description is focused on reductive amination steps. The green chemistry metric of reaction mass efficiency was calculated for all reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Afanasyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Kuchuk
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry L Usanov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova St. 28 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation.,National Research University Higher School of Economics , Miasnitskaya Str. 20 , Moscow 101000 , Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia , 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street , Moscow 117198 , Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montoya-Balbás IJ, Valentín-Guevara B, López-Mendoza E, Linzaga-Elizalde I, Ordoñez M, Román-Bravo P. Efficient Synthesis of β-Aryl-γ-lactams and Their Resolution with (S)-Naproxen: Preparation of (R)- and (S)-Baclofen. Molecules 2015; 20:22028-43. [PMID: 26690390 PMCID: PMC6332160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of enantiomerically-pure β-aryl-γ-lactams is described. The principal feature of this synthesis is the practical resolution of β-aryl-γ-lactams with (S)-Naproxen. The procedure is based on the Michael addition of nitromethane to benzylidenemalonates, which was easily obtained, followed by the reduction of the γ-nitroester in the presence of Raney nickel and the subsequent saponification/decarboxylation reaction. The utility of this methodology was highlighted by the preparation of enantiomerically-pure (R)- and (S)-Baclofen hydrochloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris J Montoya-Balbás
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Berenice Valentín-Guevara
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Estefanía López-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Irma Linzaga-Elizalde
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mario Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Perla Román-Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas CIQ-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stereocontrolled synthesis and functionalization of cyclobutanes and cyclobutanones. Molecules 2013; 18:15541-72. [PMID: 24352013 PMCID: PMC6269998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade a certain number of new cyclobutane and cyclobutanone synthesis and functionalization protocols have been published. Organo- and biocatalyzed eco-friendly approaches to cyclobutane-containing molecules have been developed with interesting results. Also, successful new total synthesis of bioactive compounds and drugs have been recently reported where a four membered ring represented the key intermediate. Therefore, the rising interest in this field represents a great point of discussion for the scientific community, disclosing the synthetic potential of strained four membered ring carbocyclic compounds. Herein we report a critical survey on the literature concerning the enantiocontrolled synthesis and functionalization of cyclobutane derivatives, with particular attention to metal-free, low impact methodologies, published during the period 2000-2013.
Collapse
|
4
|
Doyle MP, Ratnikov M, Liu Y. Intramolecular catalytic asymmetric carbon–hydrogen insertion reactions. Synthetic advantages in total synthesis in comparison with alternative approaches. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4007-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Felluga F, Ghelfi F, Pitacco G, Roncaglia F, Valentin E, Venneri CD. Esterase-mediated synthesis of optically active GABA analogues containing a stereogenic all-carbon quaternary carbon atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Maltsev OV, Kucherenko AS, Beletskaya IP, Tartakovsky VA, Zlotin SG. Chiral Ionic Liquids Bearing O-Silylated α,α-Diphenyl (S)- or (R)-Prolinol Units: Recoverable Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes to α,β-Enals. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Ji L, Ma Y, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang L. An efficient synthesis of (R)- and (S)-baclofen via desymmetrization. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Deng J, Hu XP, Huang JD, Yu SB, Wang DY, Duan ZC, Zheng Z. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Aryl-γ-amino Acid Derivatives via Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Reductions of γ-Phthalimido-Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Esters. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6022-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800794p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jia-Di Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sai-Bo Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dao-Yong Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Duan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malkov AV, Friscourt F, Bell M, Swarbrick ME, Kocovský P. Enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes with chiral P,N-ligands. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3996-4003. [PMID: 18447387 DOI: 10.1021/jo800246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger reaction of symmetrical cyclobutanones 1a-j with urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) can be catalyzed by a complex of Pd(II) and the new terpene-derived P, N-ligand 7. The resulting lactones 2a-j were obtained in high yields and with good enantioselectivity (< or =81% ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Malkov
- Department of Chemistry, WestChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Felluga F, Pitacco G, Valentin E, Venneri CD. A facile chemoenzymatic approach to chiral non-racemic β-alkyl-γ-amino acids and 2-alkylsuccinic acids. A concise synthesis of (S)-(+)-Pregabalin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes: Three-Step Synthesis of Optically Active Baclofen. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Ussing BR, Hang C, Singleton DA. Dynamic effects on the periselectivity, rate, isotope effects, and mechanism of cycloadditions of ketenes with cyclopentadiene. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:7594-607. [PMID: 16756316 PMCID: PMC2453781 DOI: 10.1021/ja0606024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cycloadditions of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene and dichloroketene are studied by a combination of kinetic and product studies, kinetic isotope effects, standard theoretical calculations, and trajectory calculations. In contrast to recent reports, the reaction of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene affords both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloadducts directly. This is surprising, since there is only one low-energy transition structure for adduct formation in mPW1K calculations, but quasiclassical trajectories started from this single transition structure afford both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] products. The dichloroketene reaction is finely balanced between [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloaddition modes in mPW1K calculations, as the minimum-energy path (MEP) leads to different products depending on the basis set. The MEP is misleading in predicting a single product, as trajectory studies for the dichloroketene reaction predict that both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] products should be formed. The periselectivity does not reflect transition state orbital interactions. The (13)C isotope effects for the dichloroketene reaction are well-predicted from the mPW1K/6-31+G** transition structure. However, the isotope effects for the diphenylketene reaction are not predictable from the cycloaddition transition structure and transition state theory. The isotope effects also appear inconsistent with kinetic observations, but the trajectory studies evince that nonstatistical recrossing can reconcile the apparently contradictory observations. B3LYP calculations predict a shallow intermediate on the energy surface, but trajectory studies suggest that the differing B3LYP and mPW1K surfaces do not result in qualitatively differing mechanisms. Overall, an understanding of the products, rates, selectivities, isotope effects, and mechanism in these reactions requires the explicit consideration of dynamic trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryson R Ussing
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Felluga F, Gombac V, Pitacco G, Valentin E. A short and convenient chemoenzymatic synthesis of both enantiomers of 3-phenylGABA and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)GABA (Baclofen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
The synthesis of baclofen and GABOB via Rh(II) catalyzed intramolecular C–H insertion of α-diazoacetamides. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Sánchez L. Synthesis of both enantiomers of baclofen using (R)- and (S)-N-phenylpantolactam as chiral auxiliaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Belda O, Lundgren S, Moberg C. Recoverable resin-supported pyridylamide ligand for microwave-accelerated molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations: enantioselective synthesis of baclofen. Org Lett 2003; 5:2275-8. [PMID: 12816427 DOI: 10.1021/ol034605m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of a series of 4-monosubstituted pyridylamides and a resin-supported pyridylamide are described. The ligands were evaluated in the microwave-accelerated molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. The reaction afforded the product in high yield and with high regio- and enantioselectivity. The heterogeneous ligand could be reused several times with no change in the reaction outcome. The asymmetric allylic alkylation was employed as the key step in the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-baclofen. [reaction: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Belda
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thakur VV, Nikalje MD, Sudalai A. Enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(−)-baclofen via Ru(II)–BINAP catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Ogasawara K, Hayashi M. A Diastereocontrolled Route to (R)-(-)- Baclofen Using a Cyclopentanoid Chiral Building Block. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-s73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Moglioni AG, Brousse BN, Álvarez-Larena A, Moltrasio GY, Ortuño RM. Stereoselective synthesis of cyclobutyl GABA analogues and related compounds from (−)-(S)-verbenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
21
|
Doyle MP, Hu W. Enantioselective carbon-hydrogen insertion is an effective and efficient methodology for the synthesis of (R)-(-)-baclofen. Chirality 2002; 14:169-72. [PMID: 11835561 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective methodology for the synthesis of the GABA(B) receptor agonist (R)-(-)-baclofen is described. This synthesis begins with p-chlorophenethyl alcohol and involves a catalytic carbon-hydrogen insertion reaction of a chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidate with the corresponding diazoacetate (81% yield, 95% ee). Subsequent steps convert the intermediate gamma-lactone to (R)- (-)-baclofen in a 60% overall yield. The amount of catalyst required for the C-H insertion transformation is only 0.5 mol%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Levadoux W, Trani M, Lortie R, Kerr D, Groleau D. Microbial resolution of baclofen by a new isolate of Streptomyces halstedii. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Michael addition of nitromethane to non-racemic chiral Cr(CO)3 complexes of ethyl cinnamate derivatives: stereoselective synthesis of (R)-(−)-baclofen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|