1
|
Lamanchai K, Smirnoff N, Salmon DL, Ngernmuen A, Roytrakul S, Leetanasaksakul K, Kittisenachai S, Jantasuriyarat C. OsVTC1-1 Gene Silencing Promotes a Defense Response in Rice and Enhances Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2189. [PMID: 36079570 PMCID: PMC9460107 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease is a serious disease in rice caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Ascorbic acid (AsA), or vitamin C, is a strong antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage to cellular components and plays an essential role in plant defense response. GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP or VTC1) is an enzyme that generates GDP-D-mannose for AsA, cell wall, and glycoprotein synthesis. The OsVTC1 gene has three homologs in the rice genome: OsVTC1-1, OsVTC1-3, and OsVTC1-8. Using OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines, this study investigated the role of the OsVTC1-1 gene during rice blast fungus inoculation. The OsVTC1-1 RNAi inoculated with rice blast fungus induced changes to cell wall monosaccharides, photosynthetic efficiency, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, the OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines were shown to be more resistant to rice blast fungus than the wild type. Genes and proteins related to defense response, plant hormone synthesis, and signaling pathways, especially salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, were up-regulated in the OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines after rice blast inoculation. These results suggest that the OsVTC1-1 gene regulates rice blast resistance through several defense mechanisms, including hormone synthesis and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanyanat Lamanchai
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Deborah L. Salmon
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Athipat Ngernmuen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kantinan Leetanasaksakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suthathip Kittisenachai
- Functional Proteomics Technology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van den Berg N, Swart V, Backer R, Fick A, Wienk R, Engelbrecht J, Prabhu SA. Advances in Understanding Defense Mechanisms in Persea americana Against Phytophthora cinnamomi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636339. [PMID: 33747014 PMCID: PMC7971113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) is an economically important fruit crop world-wide, the production of which is challenged by notable root pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rosellinia necatrix. Arguably the most prevalent, P. cinnamomi, is a hemibiotrophic oomycete which causes Phytophthora root rot, leading to reduced yields and eventual tree death. Despite its' importance, the development of molecular tools and resources have been historically limited, prohibiting significant progress toward understanding this important host-pathogen interaction. The development of a nested qPCR assay capable of quantifying P. cinnamomi during avocado infection has enabled us to distinguish avocado rootstocks as either resistant or tolerant - an important distinction when unraveling the defense response. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge on the molecular defense pathways utilized in resistant avocado rootstock against P. cinnamomi. Notably, avocado demonstrates a biphasic phytohormone profile in response to P. cinnamomi infection which allows for the timely expression of pathogenesis-related genes via the NPR1 defense response pathway. Cell wall modification via callose deposition and lignification have also been implicated in the resistant response. Recent advances such as composite plant transformation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses as well as genomics and transcriptomics will complement existing molecular, histological, and biochemical assay studies and further elucidate avocado defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlani van den Berg
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert Backer
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alicia Fick
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Raven Wienk
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juanita Engelbrecht
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S. Ashok Prabhu
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olczak-Woltman H, Schollenberger M, Niemirowicz-Szczytt K. Genetic background of host-pathogen interaction between Cucumis sativus L. and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. J Appl Genet 2009; 50:1-7. [PMID: 19193976 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of plant resistance mechanisms and bacterial pathogenicity is very complex. This applies also to the interaction that takes place between the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Smith et Bryan) and the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as its host plant. Research on P. syringae pv. lachrymans has led to the discovery of specific factors produced during pathogenesis, i.e. toxins or enzymes. Similarly, studies on cucumber have identified the specific types of plant resistance expressed, namely Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) or Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about this particular host-pathogen interaction, with reference to general information about interactions of P. syringae pathovars with host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Olczak-Woltman
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Broz AK, Manter DK, Bowman G, Müller-Schärer H, Vivanco JM. Plant origin and ploidy influence gene expression and life cycle characteristics in an invasive weed. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:33. [PMID: 19309502 PMCID: PMC2670832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological, evolutionary and physiological studies have thus far provided an incomplete picture of why some plants become invasive; therefore we used genomic resources to complement and advance this field. In order to gain insight into the invasive mechanism of Centaurea stoebe we compared plants of three geo-cytotypes, native Eurasian diploids, native Eurasian tetraploids and introduced North American tetraploids, grown in a common greenhouse environment. We monitored plant performance characteristics and life cycle habits and characterized the expression of genes related to constitutive defense and genome stability using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Plant origin and ploidy were found to have a significant effect on both life cycle characteristics and gene expression, highlighting the importance of comparing appropriate taxonomic groups in studies of native and introduced plant species. We found that introduced populations of C. stoebe exhibit reduced expression of transcripts related to constitutive defense relative to their native tetraploid counterparts, as might be expected based on ideas of enemy release and rapid evolution. Measurements of several vegetative traits were similar for all geo-cytotypes; however, fecundity of tetraploids was significantly greater than diploids, due in part to their polycarpic nature. A simulation of seed production over time predicts that introduced tetraploids have the highest fecundity of the three geo-cytotypes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that characterizing gene expression in an invasive species using populations from both its native and introduced range can provide insight into the biology of plant invasion that can complement traditional measurements of plant performance. In addition, these results highlight the importance of using appropriate taxonomic units in ecological genomics investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Broz
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
| | - Daniel K Manter
- USDA-ARS, Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Gillianne Bowman
- Département de Biologie/Ecologie & Evolution, Université de Fribourg/Pérolles, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- Département de Biologie/Ecologie & Evolution, Université de Fribourg/Pérolles, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jorge M Vivanco
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
| |
Collapse
|