1
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Implication of the Association of Fibrinogen Citrullination and Osteoclastogenesis in Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122720. [PMID: 33419308 PMCID: PMC7766778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune complexes containing citrullinated fibrinogen are present in the sera and synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients and potentially contribute to synovitis. However, fibrinogen can inhibit the osteoclastogenesis of precursor cells. We investigated the direct effect of citrullinated fibrinogen on osteoclastogenesis to understand the role of citrullination on bone erosion of rheumatoid arthritis patients. We evaluated the fibrinogen citrullination sites using mass spectrometry and quantified osteoclast-related protein and gene expression levels by Western blotting, microarray, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in spectral peaks were noted between fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen at five sites in α-chains, two sites in β-chains, and one site in a γ-chain. Transcriptome changes induced by fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen were identified and differentially expressed genes grouped into three distinctive modules. Fibrinogen was then citrullinated in vitro using peptidylarginine deiminase. When increasing doses of soluble fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen were applied to human CD14+ monocytes, citrullination restored osteoclastogenesis-associated changes, including NF-ATc1 and ß3-integrin. Finally, citrullination rescued the number of osteoclasts by restoring fibrinogen-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, the results indicate that the inhibitory function of fibrinogen on osteoclastogenesis is reversed by citrullination and suggest that citrullinated fibrinogen may contribute to erosive bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Siritapetawee J, Teamtisong K, Limphirat W, Charoenwattanasatien R, Attarataya J, Mothong N. Identification and characterization of a protease (EuRP-61) from Euphorbia resinifera latex. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:998-1007. [PMID: 31678105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A serine protease designated as EuRP-61 was purified from Euphorbia resinifera latex. The N-terminal sequence of 15 amino acids of EuRP-61 supported the conclusion that the enzyme was a serine protease because its amino acid sequence had homology (between 50 and 70% identities) with the subtilisin-like proteases of other plants. EuRP-61 had a molecular weight estimated at 61 kDa analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The enzyme could cleave human fibrinogen with optimal conditions at pH 5.0 and 45 °C. The enzyme had a broad range of pH stability from 1 to 14 and tolerance to denaturation up to a temperature of approximately 65-66 °C. EuRP-61 hydrolyzed fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 4.95 ± 0.1 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 578.1 ± 11.81 ng min-1; and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 116.8 ± 1 ng μM-1 min-1. EuRP-61was crystallized under the condition of sodium iodide (0.2 M), Bis-Tris propane (0.1 M, pH 8.5) and PEG3350 (20%) by the sitting-drop method. The crystal belonged to space group P212121, with unit cell dimension a = 109.91, b = 67.38 and c = 199.45 Å and diffracted X-ray to 2.53 Å resolution. The crystal structure of EuRP-61 will be explored further by special phase solving techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Siritapetawee
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Kamonluck Teamtisong
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Limphirat
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Jakrada Attarataya
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Narumol Mothong
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Ferrall‐Fairbanks MC, West DM, Douglas SA, Averett RD, Platt MO. Computational predictions of cysteine cathepsin-mediated fibrinogen proteolysis. Protein Sci 2018; 27:714-724. [PMID: 29266558 PMCID: PMC5818743 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin clot formation is a proteolytic cascade of events with thrombin and plasmin identified as the main proteases cleaving fibrinogen precursor, and the fibrin polymer, respectively. Other proteases may be involved directly in fibrin(ogen) cleavage, clot formation, and resolution, or in the degradation of fibrin-based scaffolds emerging as useful tools for tissue engineered constructs. Here, cysteine cathepsins are investigated for their putative ability to hydrolyze fibrinogen, since they are potent proteases, first identified in lysosomal protein degradation and known to participate in extracellular proteolysis. To further explore this, we used two independent computational technqiues, molecular docking and bioinformatics sequence analysis (PACMANS), to predict potential binding interactions and sites of hydrolysis between cathepsins K, L, and S and fibrinogen. By comparing the results from these two objective, computational methods, it was determined that cathepsins K, L, and S do bind and cleave fibrinogen α, β, and γ chains at similar and unique sites. These differences were visualized experimentally by the unique cleaved fibrinogen banding patterns after incubation with each of the cathepsins, separately. In conclusion, human cysteine cathepsins K, L, and S are a new class of proteases that should be considered during fibrin(ogen) degradation studies both for disease processes where coagulation is a concern, and also in the implementation and design of bioengineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C. Ferrall‐Fairbanks
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Dayne M. West
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Simone A. Douglas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Rodney D. Averett
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
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Zhang Y, Kim DK, Lu Y, Jung YS, Lee JM, Kim YH, Lee YS, Kim J, Dewidar B, Jeong WIL, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Dooley S, Lee CH, Li X, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ is a key regulator of human fibrinogen gene expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182141. [PMID: 28750085 PMCID: PMC5531639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen, 1 of 13 coagulation factors responsible for normal blood clotting, is synthesized by hepatocytes. Detailed roles of the orphan nuclear receptors regulating fibrinogen gene expression have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we identified estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) as a novel transcriptional regulator of human fibrinogen gene expression. Overexpression of ERRγ specially increased fibrinogen expression in human hepatoma cell line. Cannabinoid receptor types 1(CB1R) agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) up-regulated transcription of fibrinogen via induction of ERRγ, whereas knockdown of ERRγ attenuated fibrinogen expression. Deletion analyses of the fibrinogen γ (FGG) gene promoter and ChIP assays revealed binding sites of ERRγ on human fibrinogen γ gene promoter. Moreover, overexpression of ERRγ was sufficient to increase fibrinogen gene expression, whereas treatment with GSK5182, a selective inverse agonist of ERRγ led to its attenuation in cell culture. Finally, fibrinogen and ERRγ gene expression were elevated in liver tissue of obese patients suggesting a conservation of this mechanism. Overall, this study elucidates a molecular mechanism linking CB1R signaling, ERRγ expression and fibrinogen gene transcription. GSK5182 may have therapeutic potential to treat hyperfibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Zhang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-min Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Won-IL Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sadeghi-Ataabadi M, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Vojdani Z, Sani M, Latifi M, Talaei-Khozani T. Fabrication and characterization of platelet-rich plasma scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:372-380. [PMID: 27987720 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), as a rich source of growth factor, can form a fibrin gel that recapitulates the extracellular matrix of the tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of CaCl2 on the PRP scaffold structure which in turn could change the cell's behavior. PRP was mixed with 2.5, 5 and 10% (w/v) CaCl2. Then, the tensile strength, biodegradability and water content of the scaffolds were evaluated. We also performed immunostaining for assessment of the actin stress fiber orientation and SEM for detecting the cell phenotype and physical properties of the fibers. Cell viability, attachment and migration were also evaluated. The highest cell attachment and short term proliferation rate was observed on the scaffolds with 2.5% CaCl2. The cells cultured on the scaffold with higher CaCl2 concentration had fusiform phenotype with few cell processes and parallel arrangement of stress fibers while those cultured on the other scaffolds were fibroblast-like with more processes and net-like stress fibers. The scaffolds with 10% CaCl2 demonstrated the highest osmolarity (358.75±4.99mOsmole), fiber thickness (302.1±54.3nm), pore size (332.1±118.9nm2) and the longest clotting time (12.2±0.776min) compared with the other scaffolds. Water content, branching angle, porosity, orientation and tensile strength did not change by gelation with different CaCl2 concentrations. In conclusion, the cell shape, viability and proliferation were modified by culturing on the PRP scaffolds prepared with various concentrations of CaCl2, and as a result, the scaffolds showed different physical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sadeghi-Ataabadi
- Tissue engineering Lab, Anatomy department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Recombinant protein lab, Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Vojdani
- Tissue engineering Lab, Anatomy department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Tissue engineering Lab, Anatomy department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mona Latifi
- Tissue Engineering Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnoloy, Iran; Tissue engineering Lab, Anatomy department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue engineering Lab, Anatomy department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Siritapetawee J, Sojikul P, Klaynongsruang S. Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 92:30-38. [PMID: 25900422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric protease designated as EuP-82 was purified from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. MALDI-TOF MS showed that EuP-82 was a homodimer, which was its active form. The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. The results confirmed that EuP-82 could digest all subunits of human fibrinogen. EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Siritapetawee
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
| | - Punchapat Sojikul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Abstract
Coagulation is a dynamic process and the understanding of the blood coagulation system has evolved over the recent years in anaesthetic practice. Although the traditional classification of the coagulation system into extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is still valid, the newer insights into coagulation provide more authentic description of the same. Normal coagulation pathway represents a balance between the pro coagulant pathway that is responsible for clot formation and the mechanisms that inhibit the same beyond the injury site. Imbalance of the coagulation system may occur in the perioperative period or during critical illness, which may be secondary to numerous factors leading to a tendency of either thrombosis or bleeding. A systematic search of literature on PubMed with MeSH terms ‘coagulation system, haemostasis and anaesthesia revealed twenty eight related clinical trials and review articles in last 10 years. Since the balance of the coagulation system may tilt towards bleeding and thrombosis in many situations, it is mandatory for the clinicians to understand physiologic basis of haemostasis in order to diagnose and manage the abnormalities of the coagulation process and to interpret the diagnostic tests done for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Palta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Saroa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshu Palta
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Min L, Shao S, Wu X, Cong L, Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic effects of atorvastatin in acute ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2144-54. [PMID: 25206523 PMCID: PMC4146119 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.23.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin decreases inflammation and thrombogenesis in patients with carotid artery plaque. Atorvastatin is administered to lower lipid levels, but its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic effects remain unclear. Eighty-nine patients from northeastern China with acute ischemic stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis were randomly divided into the study and control groups. All patients received routine treatment, including antiplatelet therapy, circulatory support, and symptomatic treatment. The study group (n = 43) also received daily atorvastatin 20 mg/d, and the control group (n = 46) received daily placebo pills containing glucose. After 4 weeks, the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. Decreases in the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were not associated with decreases in the levels of triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest that atorvastatin reduces inflammation and thrombogenesis independent of its lipid-lowering effects in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqiu Min
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Neurology, Liaoyang Central Hospital, Liaoyang 111000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Fuxin No.2 People's Hospital, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Tamura T, Arai S, Nagaya H, Mizuguchi J, Wada I. Stepwise assembly of fibrinogen is assisted by the endoplasmic reticulum lectin-chaperone system in HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74580. [PMID: 24040290 PMCID: PMC3769264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays essential roles in protein folding and assembly of secretory proteins. ER-resident molecular chaperones and related enzymes assist in protein maturation by co-operated interactions and modifications. However, the folding/assembly of multimeric proteins is not well understood. Here, we show that the maturation of fibrinogen, a hexameric secretory protein (two trimers from α, β and γ subunits), occurs in a stepwise manner. The αγ complex, a precursor for the trimer, is retained in the ER by lectin-like chaperones, and the β subunit is incorporated into the αγ complex immediately after translation. ERp57, a protein disulfide isomerase homologue, is involved in the hexamer formation from two trimers. Our results indicate that the fibrinogen hexamer is formed sequentially, rather than simultaneously, using kinetic pause by lectin chaperones. This study provides a novel insight into the assembly of most abundant multi-subunit secretory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tamura
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Seisuke Arai
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Nagaya
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mizuguchi
- The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
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Franzblau EB, Punzalan RC, Friedman KD, Roy A, Bilen O, Flood VH. Use of purified fibrinogen concentrate for dysfibrinogenemia and importance of laboratory fibrinogen activity measurement. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:500-2. [PMID: 23129109 PMCID: PMC4461026 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with dysfibrinogenemia treated with purified fibrinogen concentrate who had discrepant post-treatment laboratory values. The patient had mild bleeding symptoms and was diagnosed with dysfibrinogenemia based on fibrinogen activity of 51 mg/dl and antigen of 240 mg/dl. He was treated for an adenoidectomy with purified fibrinogen concentrate (RiaSTAP®) at a dose of 70 mg/kg. A discrepancy in post-treatment fibrinogen activity was observed between the hospital and reference laboratories. Investigation revealed differences in laboratory assay and calibration methods. Fibrinogen concentrate may be a treatment option for patients with dysfibrinogenemia, but accurate laboratory technique is critical for fibrinogen measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena C. Punzalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Angshumoy Roy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ozlem Bilen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Veronica H. Flood
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Davalos D, Akassoglou K. Fibrinogen as a key regulator of inflammation in disease. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:43-62. [PMID: 22037947 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of coagulation factors with the perivascular environment affects the development of disease in ways that extend beyond their traditional roles in the acute hemostatic cascade. Key molecular players of the coagulation cascade like tissue factor, thrombin, and fibrinogen are epidemiologically and mechanistically linked with diseases with an inflammatory component. Moreover, the identification of novel molecular mechanisms linking coagulation and inflammation has highlighted factors of the coagulation cascade as new targets for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of inflammatory human diseases. In particular, a proinflammatory role for fibrinogen has been reported in vascular wall disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infection, colitis, lung and kidney fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and several types of cancer. Genetic and pharmacologic studies have unraveled pivotal roles for fibrinogen in determining the extent of local or systemic inflammation. As cellular and molecular mechanisms for fibrinogen functions in tissues are identified, the role of fibrinogen is evolving from a marker of vascular rapture to a multi-faceted signaling molecule with a wide spectrum of functions that can tip the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis, coagulation and fibrosis, protection from infection and extensive inflammation, and eventually life and death. This review will discuss some of the main molecular links between coagulation and inflammation and will focus on the role of fibrinogen in inflammatory disease highlighting its unique structural properties, cellular targets, and signal transduction pathways that make it a potent proinflammatory mediator and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Davalos
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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12
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Ehling R, Pauli FD, Lackner P, Kuenz B, Santner W, Lutterotti A, Gneiss C, Hegen H, Schocke M, Deisenhammer F, Berger T, Reindl M. Fibrinogen is not elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2011; 8:25. [PMID: 22029888 PMCID: PMC3214845 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are a well known finding in acute infectious diseases, acute stroke and myocardial infarction. However its role in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acute and chronic central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) diseases is unclear. Findings We analyzed CSF and plasma fibrinogen levels together with routine parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), acute inflammatory diseases of the CNS (bacterial and viral meningoencephalitis, BM and VM) and PNS (Guillain-Barré syndrome; GBS), as well as in non-inflammatory neurological controls (OND) in a total of 103 patients. Additionally, MS patients underwent cerebral MRI scans at time of lumbar puncture. CSF and plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly lower in patients with MS and OND patients as compared to patients with BM, VM and GBS. There was a close correlation between fibrinogen levels and albumin quotient (rho = 0.769, p < 0.001) which strongly suggests passive transfer of fibrinogen through the blood-CSF-barrier during acute inflammation. Hence, in MS, the prototype of chronic neuroinflammation, CSF fibrinogen levels were not elevated and could not be correlated to clinical and neuroradiological outcome parameters. Conclusions Although previous work has shown clear evidence of the involvement of fibrinogen in MS pathogenesis, this is not accompanied by increased fibrinogen in the CSF compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Ehling
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hyperfibrinogenemia and prolonged clotting times in a Turner syndrome patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 21:398-405. [PMID: 20410814 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328336578c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we diagnosed a Turner syndrome patient complicated with well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had an extremely high level of plasma fibrinogen. However, her clinical features and coagulation test abnormalities were quite different from those reported cases. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the hyperfibrinogenemia and its effects on coagulation tests. Plasma fibrinogen was analyzed by Clauss, immunoturbidimetry and Western methods. The fibrinogen genes were sequenced. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time were measured. Fibrinogen expression in tumor tissues was examined immunohistochemically. Plasma cortisone, interleukin 6 and soluble tissue factor were measured by immunoassays. We found that abundant fibrinogen protein was detected in tumor cells. Plasma fibrinogen activity and antigen were 14.4 +/- 0.8 and 15.1 +/- 0.3 g/l, respectively. On SDS-PAGE, patient and control fibrinogen subunits migrated similarly. No mutations were found in the fibrinogen genes. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time were significantly prolonged, but were normalized when fibrinogen was partially absorbed by an antifibrinogen antibody. Plasma interleukin 6, cortisone and soluble tissue factor levels were increased as compared with those of controls. After tumor resection, plasma fibrinogen level and other laboratory tests returned to normal. Our results showed that the hyperfibrinogenemia was caused by hepatocellular carcinoma. High levels of plasma cortisone and interleukin 6 may also contribute to the hyperfibrinogenemia. With the increase of levels of plasma fibrinogen, the values of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time were gradually prolonged, probably due to the effect of fibrin on thrombin (antithrombin I) and restricted fibrin polymerization by superfluous fibrinogen.
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Zhao H, Ma L, Zhou J, Mao Z, Gao C, Shen J. Fabrication and physical and biological properties of fibrin gel derived from human plasma. Biomed Mater 2007; 3:015001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/1/015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Park R, Doh HJ, An SSA, Choi JR, Chung KH, Song KS. A novel fibrinogen variant (fibrinogen Seoul II; AαGln328Pro) characterized by impaired fibrin α-chain cross-linking. Blood 2006; 108:1919-24. [PMID: 16735602 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-11-007591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report a novel fibrinogen variant (fibrinogen Seoul II), which has a heterozygous point mutation from CAA to CCA leading to AαGln328Pro. The mutation site is among several glutamine residues that serve as α-chain cross-linking acceptor sites. Fibrinogen Seoul II was found in a 51-year-old male patient and his family in Seoul, Korea. The patient was diagnosed with myocardial infarction at age 43. Eight years later he was admitted to the emergency room due to recurrence of the disease, where he expired under treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Fibrin polymerization curves, made using purified fibrinogen from the patient's relatives, showed a decreased final turbidity, suggesting Seoul II fibrin clots are composed of thinner fibers. This supposition was verified using scanning electron microscopy. Alpha-polymer formation by the mutant fibrinogen upon thrombin treatment in the presence of factor XIII and calcium was distinctly impaired. This result confirms that the residue Aα328 plays a pivotal role in α-chain cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojin Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, 146-92 Dogok-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-720, Republic of Korea
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Marchi RC, Carvajal Z, Boyer-Neumann C, Anglés-Cano E, Weisel JW. Functional characterization of fibrinogen Bicêtre II: a gamma 308 Asn-->Lys mutation located near the fibrin D:D interaction sites. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2006; 17:193-201. [PMID: 16575257 DOI: 10.1097/01.mbc.0000220241.22714.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the gamma-308 Asn-->Lys substitution of fibrinogen Bicêtre II on clot formation, structure and properties were determined to elucidate the role of this part of the molecule in fibrin polymerization. This process was followed by measurement of turbidity, and the structure and biophysical characteristics of the clots were studied by permeation, scanning electron microscopy, and rheological techniques. Turbidity studies revealed an increased lag period and greater final turbidity for fibrin BII clots, indicating impaired oligomer formation. By permeation it was found that BII clots had greater network porosity, four times more than that of the control. The clot architecture visualized by scanning electron microscopy was similar to that of control clots with pore size and fiber diameter slightly increased. BII clots had a stiffness decreased by more than half, and an increased loss tangent, a measure of the inelastic deformation of the clot. All these results suggest a disruption of the proper alignment of fibrin monomers during oligomer formation. Consistent with these results, fibrin cross-linking by adding the physiological concentration of factor XIII to the purified protein showed that gamma and alpha chain cross-linking was impaired in BII clots. This amino acid substitution defines distinctive effects on the surface of the D:D interaction sites that are reflected in the clot structure and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Marchi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Ajroud K, Sugimori T, Goldmann WH, Fathallah DM, Xiong JP, Arnaout MA. Binding Affinity of Metal Ions to the CD11b A-domain Is Regulated by Integrin Activation and Ligands. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25483-8. [PMID: 15070893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402901200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent cations Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) regulate the interaction of integrins with their cognate ligands, with Mg(2+) uniformly facilitating and Ca(2+) generally inhibiting such interactions in vitro. Because both cations are present in mm concentrations in vivo, the physiologic relevance of the in vitro observations is unclear. We measured the affinity of both cations to the inactive and active states of the ligand- and cation-binding A-domain (CD11bA) from integrin CD11b/CD18 in the absence and presence of the single-chain 107 antibody (scFv107), an activation-insensitive ligand-mimetic antibody. Using titration calorimetry, we found that Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) display equivalent (mm) affinities to inactive CD11bA. Activation induced a approximately 10-fold increase in the binding affinity of Mg(2+) to CD11bA with no change in that of Ca(2+) (106 microm +/- 16 and 2.1 mm +/- 0.19, respectively, n = 4). This increase is largely driven by favorable enthalpy. scFv107 induced a 50-80-fold increase in the binding affinity of Ca(2+) (but not Mg(2+) or Mn(2+)) to either form of CD11bA. Thus the affinity of metal ions to integrins is itself regulated by the activation state of these receptors and by certain ligands. These findings, which we expect will be applicable in vivo, elucidate a new level of regulation of the integrin-metal-ligand ternary complex and help explain some of the discrepant effects of Ca(2+) on integrin-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Ajroud
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Guglielmone HA, Sanchez MC, Abate Daga D, Bocco JL. A new heterozygous mutation in gamma fibrinogen gene leading to 326 Cys-->Ser substitution in fibrinogen Córdoba is associated with defective polymerization and familial hypodysfibrinogenemia. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:352-4. [PMID: 14996011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.0584d.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamath
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
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20
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Petrenko VA, Smith GP, Mazooji MM, Quinn T. Alpha-helically constrained phage display library. Protein Eng Des Sel 2002; 15:943-50. [PMID: 12538914 DOI: 10.1093/protein/15.11.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The library described here is a collection of phages with six degenerate codons in gene VIII, specifying amino acids 12, 13, 15-17 and 19 of the major coat protein. The randomized positions are surface exposed in the wild-type protein and thus might be expected to tolerate a great diversity of side chains without compromising phage viability. In agreement with this supposition, the new library showed great diversity of amino acids at the randomized positions and diversity did not diminish noticeably during repeated subculture. Despite their diversity, however, the randomized positions should be strongly constrained conformationally because they lie in an extended alpha-helical portion of the protein, stabilized by numerous inter- and intra-subunit contacts--a presupposition corroborated by circular dichroism spectroscopy of many library members. To reflect this conformational homogeneity and the fact that random amino acids subtend a major fraction of the surface 'landscape' of the particle, we call the new construct an alpha landscape library. It can be used as a source of alpha-helical ligands and substitute antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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Choi J, Nham SU. Loops within the CD11c I domain critical for specific recognition of fibrinogen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:756-60. [PMID: 11922630 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The I domains of CD11 are responsible for the binding of ligands and have a unique structure with 6-7 alpha helices and 6 beta sheets with interconnecting loops. To determine loops recognizing fibrinogen in CD11c I domain, five oligopeptides corresponding to CD11c loops were used to prevent fibrinogen binding to isolated CD11c I domain. The results of the inhibition experiment indicated that all of the loops except the one between E-beta sheet and 6-alpha helix were involved in the binding to fibrinogen. The peptide beta D alpha 5 and alpha 3 alpha 4 showed higher inhibitory activity than others, and the combination of four peptides blocked fibrinogen binding to the I domain completely. These peptides (beta A alpha 1, alpha 3 alpha 4, beta D alpha 5 and beta F alpha 7) could block THP-1 cell binding to fibrinogen coated surface as well. Alanine substitution of amino acids on the I domain such as Y249A and Q201A (which are on the loops beta D-alpha 5 and alpha 3-alpha 4 respectively) abolished fibrinogen binding, while mutation on the loop beta E-alpha 6 (Q273A) had no effect on fibrinogen binding. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that the loops on the top of CD11c I domain such as loop beta A-alpha 1, alpha 3-alpha 4, beta D-alpha 5 and beta F-alpha 7 are involved in fibrinogen binding, and two loops (alpha 3-alpha 4 and beta D-alpha 5) are more important than others for the recognition of fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeungsook Choi
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Choonchun, Kangwon 200-701, Korea
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Kairies N, Beisel HG, Fuentes-Prior P, Tsuda R, Muta T, Iwanaga S, Bode W, Huber R, Kawabata S. The 2.0-A crystal structure of tachylectin 5A provides evidence for the common origin of the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13519-24. [PMID: 11707569 PMCID: PMC61073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201523798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system, they had to evolve effective intrinsic defense strategies against a variety of microbial pathogens. This ancient form of host defense, the innate immunity, is present in all multicellular organisms including humans. The innate immune system of the Japanese horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus, serving as a model organism, includes a hemolymph coagulation system, which participates both in defense against microbes and in hemostasis. Early work on the evolution of vertebrate fibrinogen suggested a common origin of the arthropod hemolymph coagulation and the vertebrate blood coagulation systems. However, this conjecture could not be verified by comparing the structures of coagulogen, the clotting protein of the horseshoe crab, and of mammalian fibrinogen. Here we report the crystal structure of tachylectin 5A (TL5A), a nonself-recognizing lectin from the hemolymph plasma of T. tridentatus. TL5A shares not only a common fold but also related functional sites with the gamma fragment of mammalian fibrinogen. Our observations provide the first structural evidence of a common ancestor for the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kairies
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturforschung, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Abstract
It has recently been established that the microenvironment plays a major role in many physiological and pathological events. Indeed cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts are necessary for much cellular function such as differentiation, proliferation, cell death, apoptosis and angiogenesis. For growth, proliferating tumour cells need to be fed by nutrients and oxygen brought by new vessels. In this context, scientists seek a new model that allows for the investigation of both angiogenesis and the influence of the microenvironment on this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the relation between tumour and endothelial cells grown as spheroids, a technique that allows us to study in three-dimensions the influence of cell contact on this growth. For the purpose of clarification, this review has recategorised the different studies on spheroids into three classes: (1) spheroids grown in vitro and then reimplanted in animals to follow endothelial cell infiltration; (2) spheroids grown in vitro and then cultured on endothelial cell monolayers; (3) tumours grown in vitro such as organotypic culture. This review attempts to demonstrate that spheroid cell cultures are useful for studying the relation between tumour and endothelial cells and to analyse physiological phenomena such as wound healing, extravasation and intravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oudar
- UPRES 2360, Laboratoire d'Oncologie des tumeurs solides, Faculté de Médecine de Bobigny, U.F.R. S.M.B.H., 74, Rue Marcel-Cachin, F-93017 cedex, Bobigny, France.
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