1
|
Complement and Fungal Dysbiosis as Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets in PDAC Treatment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9833-9854. [PMID: 36547187 PMCID: PMC9777542 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still hampered by a dismal prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment within the pancreas and of the factors affecting its composition is of utmost importance for developing new diagnostic and treatment tools. In this context, the complement system plays a prominent role. Not only has it been shown to shape a T cell-mediated immune response, but it also directly affects proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor cells, influencing angiogenesis, metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. This makes complement proteins appealing not only as early biomarkers of PDAC development, but also as therapeutic targets. Fungal dysbiosis is currently the new kid on the block in tumorigenesis with cancer-associated mycobiomes extracted from several cancer types. For PDAC, colonization with the yeast Malassezia seems to promote cancer progression, already in precursor lesions. One responsible mechanism appears to be complement activation via the lectin pathway. In the present article, we review the role of the complement system in tumorigenesis, presenting observations that propose it as the missing link between fungal dysbiosis and PDAC development. We also present the results of a small pilot study supporting the crucial interplay between the complement system and Malassezia colonization in PDAC pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie Y, Liu Y, Ding J, Li G, Ni B, Pang H, Hu X, Wu L. Identification of DDX31 as a Potential Oncogene of Invasive Metastasis and Proliferation in PDAC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:762372. [PMID: 35237592 PMCID: PMC8883474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.762372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors worldwide and has poor prognosis. DEAD box proteins31 (DDX31) participate in cellular processes involving RNA secondary structure changes. However, the functions of DDX31 in PDAC remain to be elucidated. Methods: The key gene DDX31 was identified using a combination of a risk model and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) with R software. The biological functions of DDX31 in PDAC were investigated through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments. Results: Combining with WGCNA and risk model, DDX31 was identified as a potential factor of the invasive metastasis properties of PDAC, and its expression was closely related to the malignant differentiation of PDAC. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that DDX31 was correlated with cell invasive metastasis and proliferation by activating MAPK signaling pathway. The inhibition of DDX31 inhibited the invasion and migration of PDAC cells. Survival analysis showed that DDX31 expression was negatively associated with the poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Interpretation:DDX31 may be a potential factor for PDAC. The inhibition of DDX31 may be a potential way to treat PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Ding
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huifang Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Tongliao City Hospital, Tongliao, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Department of Gastric Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weinstock C. Association of Blood Group Antigen CD59 with Disease. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 49:13-24. [PMID: 35221864 PMCID: PMC8832213 DOI: 10.1159/000521174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the membrane-bound protein CD59 became a blood group antigen. CD59 has been known for decades as an inhibitor of the complement system, located on erythrocytes and on many other cell types. In paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), a stem cell clone with acquired deficiency to express GPI-anchored molecules, including the complement inhibitor CD59, causes severe and life-threatening disease. The lack of CD59, which is the only membrane-bound inhibitor of the membrane attack complex, contributes a major part of the intravascular haemolysis observed in PNH patients. This crucial effect of CD59 in PNH disease prompted studies to investigate its role in other diseases. In this review, the role of CD59 in inflammation, rheumatic disease, and age-related macular degeneration is investigated. Further, the pivotal role of CD59 in PNH and congenital CD59 deficiency is reviewed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsao LC, Force J, Hartman ZC. Mechanisms of Therapeutic Antitumor Monoclonal Antibodies. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4641-4651. [PMID: 34145037 PMCID: PMC8448950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major component of cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the different therapeutic mAbs that have been successfully developed against various tumor-expressed antigens and examine our current understanding of their different mechanisms of antitumor action. These mechanisms of action (MOA) largely center on the stimulation of different innate immune effector processes, which appear to be principally responsible for the efficacy of most unconjugated mAb therapies against cancer. This is evident in studies of mAbs targeting antigens for hematologic cancers, with emerging data also demonstrating the critical nature of innate immune-mediated mechanisms in the efficacy of anti-HER2 mAbs against solid HER2+ cancers. Although HER2-targeted mAbs were originally described as inhibitors of HER2-mediated signaling, multiple studies have since demonstrated these mAbs function largely through their engagement with Fc receptors to activate innate immune effector functions as well as complement activity. Next-generation mAbs are capitalizing on these MOAs through improvements to enhance Fc-activity, although regulation of these mechanisms may vary in different tumor microenvironments. In addition, novel antibody-drug conjugates have emerged as an important means to activate different MOAs. Although many unknowns remain, an improved understanding of these immunologic MOAs will be essential for the future of mAb therapy and cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Tsao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy Force
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Liu Q, Peng J, Wang M, Gao X, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Pancreatic cancer-educated macrophages protect cancer cells from complement-dependent cytotoxicity by up-regulation of CD59. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:836. [PMID: 31685825 PMCID: PMC6828776 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are versatile immune cells that promote a variety of malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer. CD59 is a GPI-anchored membrane protein that prevents complement activation by inhibiting the formation of the membrane attack complex, which may protect cancer cells from complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The interactions between CD59, TAMs and pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. A tissue microarray of pancreatic cancer patients was used to evaluate the interrelationship of CD59 and TAMs and their survival impacts were analyzed. In a coculture system, THP-1 cells were used as a model to study the function of TAMs and the roles of pancreatic cancer-educated macrophages in regulating the expression of CD59 in pancreatic cancer cells were demonstrated by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The effects of macrophages on regulating CDC in pancreatic cancer cells were demonstrated by an in vitro study. To explore the potential mechanisms, RNA sequencing of pancreatic cancer cells with or without co-culture of THP-1 macrophages was performed, and the results showed that the IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway might participate in the regulation, which was further demonstrated by target-siRNA transfection, antibody neutralization and STAT3 inhibitors. Our data revealed that the infiltration of TAMs and the expression of CD59 of pancreatic cancer were paralleled, and higher infiltration of TAMs and higher expression of CD59 predicted worse survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Pancreatic cancer-educated macrophages could protect cancer cells from CDC by up-regulating CD59 via the IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings uncovered the novel mechanisms between TAMs and CD59, and contribute to providing a new promising target for the immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junya Peng
- Department of Center Lab, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiao P, Dang EL, Fang H, Zhang JY, Li B, Shen SX, Luo YX, Lei J, Shao S, Qiao HJ, Wang G. Decreased expression levels of complement regulator CD55 contribute to the development of bullous pemphigoid. Oncotarget 2017; 9:35517-35527. [PMID: 30473747 PMCID: PMC6238980 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid is a common autoimmune blistering disease of the elderly associated with autoantibody-mediated complement activation, and complement dysregulation is critical for its pathogenesis. As a crucial regulator of the complement system, CD55 has been widely studied in autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the involvement of CD55 in bullous pemphigoid, as little is known regarding its role in this disease. We found that CD55 levels were significantly lower in the lesions of patients with bullous pemphigoid (n = 8) compared to those in skin samples from healthy controls (n = 6). Interestingly, CD55 depletion in HaCaT human keratinocytes enhanced autoantibody-mediated complement activation. Moreover, complement activation was blocked by exogenous recombinant CD55 protein in both skin sections and keratinocytes exposed to pathogenic antibodies from patients with bullous pemphigoid. Notably, a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, administration of which downregulated CD55 levels in HaCaT cells, was observed in the sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid (n = 38) compared to that in healthy controls (n = 19). We found that ERK1/2 is involved in both TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced CD55 downregulation. Thus, CD55 deficiency is a crucial factor in bullous pemphigoid pathogenesis, suggesting that increasing CD55 levels may exert a therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Er-Le Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Xin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bettac L, Denk S, Seufferlein T, Huber-Lang M. Complement in Pancreatic Disease-Perpetrator or Savior? Front Immunol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28144242 PMCID: PMC5239781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a major pillar of the humoral innate immune system. As a first line of defense against pathogens, it mediates early inflammatory response and links different branches of humoral and cellular immunity. Disorders affecting the exocrine pancreas, such as acute pancreatitis, potentially lead to a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response with aberrant activation of complement and coagulation cascades. Pancreatic proteases can activate key effectors of the complement system, which in turn drive local and systemic inflammation. Beyond that, the extent of pancreas–complement interaction covers complex pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which to this day remain to be fully elucidated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of complement in diseases of the exocrine pancreas, based on existing experimental and clinical data. Participation of complement in acute and chronic pancreatitis is addressed, as well as its role in tumor immunology. Therapeutic strategies targeting complement in these diseases have long been proposed but have not yet arrived in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bettac
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mamidi S, Höne S, Kirschfink M. The complement system in cancer: Ambivalence between tumour destruction and promotion. Immunobiology 2015; 222:45-54. [PMID: 26686908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constituting a part of the innate immune system, the complement system consists of over 50 proteins either acting as part of a 3-branch activation cascade, a well-differentiated regulatory system in fluid phase or on each tissue, or as receptors translating the activation signal to multiple cellular effector functions. Complement serves as first line of defence against infections from bacteria, viruses and parasites by orchestrating the immune response through opsonisation, recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection and direct cell lysis. Complement is generally recognised as a protective mechanism against the formation of tumours in humans, but is often limited by various resistance mechanisms interfering with its cytotoxic action, now considered as a great barrier of successful antibody-based immunotherapy. However, recent studies also indicate a pro-tumourigenic potential of complement in certain cancers and under certain conditions. In this review, we present recent findings on the possible dual role of complement in destroying cancer, especially if resistance mechanisms are blocked, but also under certain inflammatory conditions-promoting tumour development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Höne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Expression of membrane complement regulators, CD46, CD55 and CD59, in mesothelial cells of patients on peritoneal dialysis therapy. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:302-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Zhu J, Nie S, Wu J, Lubman DM. Target proteomic profiling of frozen pancreatic CD24+ adenocarcinoma tissues by immuno-laser capture microdissection and nano-LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2791-804. [PMID: 23679566 DOI: 10.1021/pr400139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity of solid tumors represents a common problem in mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of tissue specimens. Combining immuno-laser capture microdissection (iLCM) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides a means to study proteins that are specific for pure cell subpopulations in complex tissues. CD24, as a cell surface marker for detecting pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), is directly correlated with the development and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Herein, we describe an in-depth proteomic profiling of frozen pancreatic CD24(+) adenocarcinoma cells from early stage tumors using iLCM and LC-MS/MS and a comparison with CD24(-) cells dissected from patient-matched adjacent normal tissues. Approximately 40 nL of tissue was procured from each specimen and subjected to tandem MS analysis in triplicate. A total of 2665 proteins were identified, with 375 proteins in common that were significantly differentially expressed in CD24(+) versus CD24(-) cells by at least a 2-fold change. The major groups of the differentially overexpressed proteins are involved in promoting tumor cell migration and invasion, immune escape, and tumor progression. Three selected candidates relevant to mediating immune escape, CD59, CD70, and CD74, and a tumor promoter, TGFBI, were further validated by immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays. These proteins showed significantly increased expression in a large group of clinical pancreatic adenocarcinomas but were negative in all normal pancreas samples. The significant coexpression of these proteins with CD24 suggests that they may play important roles in the progression of pancreatic cancer and could serve as promising prognosis markers and novel therapeutic targets for this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo T, Fan L, Ng WH, Zhu Y, Ho M, Wan WK, Lim KH, Ong WS, Lee SS, Huang S, Kon OL, Sze SK. Multidimensional Identification of Tissue Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3405-13. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive,
Singapore 637551
| | - Lingling Fan
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China 430022
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive,
Singapore 637551
| | | | - Wei Keat Wan
- Pathology Department, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
169608
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Pathology Department, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
169608
| | | | | | - Shiang Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China 430022
| | | | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive,
Singapore 637551
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vega MI, Martinez-Paniagua M, Jazirehi AR, Huerta-Yepez S, Umezawa K, Martinez-Maza O, Bonavida B. The NF-κB inhibitors (bortezomib and DHMEQ) sensitise rituximab-resistant AIDS-B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma to apoptosis by various chemotherapeutic drugs. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1982-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802357071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Varela JC, Imai M, Atkinson C, Ohta R, Rapisardo M, Tomlinson S. Modulation of protective T cell immunity by complement inhibitor expression on tumor cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6734-42. [PMID: 18701498 PMCID: PMC2681227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complement-inhibitory proteins expressed on cancer cells can provide protection from antitumor antibodies and may potentially modulate the induction of an immune response to tumor-associated antigens. In the current study, we investigated the consequences of complement inhibitor down-regulation on the effector and inductive phases of an immune response. Stable small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of the complement inhibitor Crry on MB49 murine bladder cancer cells increased their susceptibility to monoclonal antibody and complement in vitro. In a syngeneic model of metastatic cancer, the down-regulation of Crry on i.v.-injected MB49 cells was associated with a significant decrease in tumor burden and an increase in the survival of challenged mice. However, monoclonal antibody therapy had no additional benefit. There was an antitumor IgG response, but the response was not effected by Crry down-regulation on inoculated tumor cells. Down-regulation of Crry on MB49 cells resulted in an enhanced antitumor T-cell response in challenged mice (measured by lymphocyte IFN-gamma secretion), and CD8+ T cell depletion of mice prior to injection of MB49 cells completely abrogated the effect of Crry down-regulation on tumor burden and survival. Deficiency of C3 also abrogated the effect of Crry down-regulation on the survival of MB49-challenged mice, indicating a complement-dependent mechanism. These data indicate that complement inhibitors expressed on a tumor cell can suppress a T cell response and that enhancing complement activation on a tumor cell surface can promote protective T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Varela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan J, Allendorf DJ, Li B, Yan R, Hansen R, Donev R. The Role of Membrane Complement Regulatory Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
15
|
Macor P, Tedesco F. Complement as effector system in cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Lett 2007; 111:6-13. [PMID: 17572509 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the complement system to the control of tumour growth has been neglected for a long time as the major emphasis has been put mainly on cell-mediated immune response against cancer. With the introduction of monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy complement has come into play with a great potential as effector system. Complement has a number of advantages over other effector systems in that it is made of molecules that can easily penetrate the tumour tissue and a large majority, if not all, of the components of this system can be supplied locally by many cells at tissue site. Further advances are being made to increase the anti-tumour efficiency of the complements system using C-fixing antibodies that are modified in the Fc portion to be more active in complement activation. Another strategy currently investigated is essentially based on the use of a combination of two antibodies directed against different molecules or different epitopes of the same molecule expressed on the cell surface in order to increase the number of the binding sites for the antibodies on the tumor cells and the chance for them to activate complement more efficiently. One of the problems to solve in exploiting complement as an effector system in cancer immunotherapy is to neutralize the inhibitory effect of complement regulatory proteins which are often over-expressed on tumour cells and represent a mechanism of evasion of these cells from complement attack. This situation can be overcome using neutralizing antibodies to target onto tumour cells together with the specific antibodies directed against tumor specific antigens. This is an area of active investigation and the initial data that start to be available from animal models seem to be promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Macor
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh H, Serrano LM, Pfeiffer T, Olivares S, McNamara G, Smith DD, Al-Kadhimi Z, Forman SJ, Gillies SD, Jensen MC, Colcher D, Raubitschek A, Cooper LJN. Combining adoptive cellular and immunocytokine therapies to improve treatment of B-lineage malignancy. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2872-80. [PMID: 17363611 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the lineage-specific cell-surface molecules CD19 and CD20 present on many B-cell malignancies are targets for both antibody- and cell-based therapies. Coupling these two treatment modalities is predicted to improve the antitumor effect, particularly for tumors resistant to single-agent biotherapies. This can be shown using an immunocytokine, composed of a CD20-specific monoclonal antibody fused to biologically active interleukin 2 (IL-2), combined with ex vivo expanded human umbilical cord blood-derived CD8(+) T cells, that have been genetically modified to be CD19 specific, for adoptive transfer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. We show that a benefit of targeted delivery of recombinant IL-2 by the immunocytokine to the CD19(+)CD20(+) tumor microenvironment is improved in vivo persistence of the CD19-specific T cells, and this results in an augmented cell-mediated antitumor effect. Phase I trials are under way using anti-CD20-IL-2 immunocytokine and CD19-specific T cells as monotherapies, and our results warrant clinical trials using combination of these two immunotherapies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ravindranath NMH, Shuler C. Cell-surface density of complement restriction factors (CD46, CD55, and CD59): oral squamous cell carcinoma versus other solid tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:231-9. [PMID: 17234541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complement restriction factors (CD46, membrane cofactor; CD55, decay accelerating factor; and CD59, protectin) are overexpressed on tumor cells, and they enable tumor cells to escape from complement-dependent and antibody-mediated killing. Cell-surface density of complement restriction factors (CRFs) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is compared with that found on other solid tumors (breast, pancreas, colon carcinomas, and melanoma) to understand the significance of their diversity. STUDY DESIGN The cell-surface expression of CRFs on tumor cells was confirmed with confocal laser scan fluorescent microscopy. Cell suspension enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cs-ELISA), which measures the density of cell-surface antigens, was utilized to study CRFs on the cell surface of tumor cells (OSCC, 2 cell lines; breast, 5 cell lines; pancreas, 3 cell lines; colon, 3 cell lines; and melanoma, 9 cell lines). RESULTS Confocal laser scan fluorescent microscopy confirmed the expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 on the cell surface of OSCC cell lines SCC12 and SCC71. The relative densities of cell-surface expression obtained from cs-ELISAs of CRFs on OSCCs are as follows: CD59 > CD55 > CD46. The relative densities of the 3 CRFs in breast and pancreatic carcinomas were similar to those found in OSCCs, whereas the profile of CRFs in melanoma (CD59 > CD55 < CD46) and colon cancer (CD46 > CD55 > CD59) were different. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate diverse strategies adopted by tumor types to resist antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity; possibly the factors (exogenous and endogenous) in their respective microenvironments may play a role in the diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naren M H Ravindranath
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spendlove I, Ramage JM, Bradley R, Harris C, Durrant LG. Complement decay accelerating factor (DAF)/CD55 in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:987-95. [PMID: 16485129 PMCID: PMC11031091 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a powerful innate mechanism involved in protection of the host against pathogens. It also has a role in the clearance of apoptotic cells and has been implicated in a range of pathologies including autoimmunity and graft rejection. The control of complement is mediated through the complement regulatory proteins (CRPs). These are present on most cells and protect normal cells from complement-mediated attack during innate activation. However, in a range of pathologies and cancer, these molecules are up or down regulated, sometimes secreted and even lost. We will review the expression of CRPs in cancer, focussing on CD55 and highlight other roles of the CRPs and their involvement in leukocyte function. We will also provide some data providing a potential mechanism by which soluble CD55 can inhibit T-cell function and discuss some of the implications of this data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Spendlove
- CR UK Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Infections Immunity and Inflammation, The University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Watson NFS, Durrant LG, Madjd Z, Ellis IO, Scholefield JH, Spendlove I. Expression of the membrane complement regulatory protein CD59 (protectin) is associated with reduced survival in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:973-80. [PMID: 16151805 PMCID: PMC11030621 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for some time that the immune system can recognise growing tumours, and that tumours may respond by modulation of molecules, which make them resistant to further attack. Expression, over-expression, or loss of these molecules may function as markers of tumour progression and prognosis. Among such molecules are the membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRP), which protect cells from bystander attack by autologous complement. These include CD59 (protectin), which prevents formation of the MAC complex in the terminal stages of complement activation. In the present study, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of CD59 in a series of over 460 well-characterised colorectal cancers using tissue microarrays (TMA), and related this information to known tumour and patient variables and to survival. The CD59 expression was observed in 69 (15%) of cases overall, and was significantly associated with tumour grade. In contrast, no associations were noted with tumour site, stage or histological type. On survival analysis, a further correlation was observed between expression of CD59 by the colorectal tumours and a reduction in disease-specific patient survival. This observation was strongest for patients with early stage disease. However, a negative impact on survival was also seen in those patients with late stage disease. These results indicate that TMA linked to good clinicopathological databases with good long term follow up are useful tools for determining new prognostic indicators that can be used in future patient management. Immune surveillance may result in immune-editing that induces variable expression of a range of target antigens, and these may be useful prognostic markers. This study has identified CD59 expression as a marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F. S. Watson
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB , UK
- Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen’s Medical Centre, University Hospital, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH , UK
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB , UK
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB , UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham , UK
| | - John H. Scholefield
- Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen’s Medical Centre, University Hospital, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH , UK
| | - Ian Spendlove
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB , UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mikesch JH, Buerger H, Simon R, Brandt B. Decay-accelerating factor (CD55): a versatile acting molecule in human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2006; 1766:42-52. [PMID: 16784816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) physiologically serves as an inhibitor of the complement system. Moreover, DAF is broadly expressed in malignant tumors. Here, DAF seems to dispose of several different functions reaching far beyond its immunological role, e.g., promotion of tumorigenesis, decrease of complement mediated tumor cell lysis, autocrine loops for cell rescue and evasion of apoptosis, neoangiogenesis, invasiveness, cell motility, and metastasis via oncogenic tyrosine kinase pathway activation, and specific seven-span transmembrane receptors (CD97) binding. Furthermore, DAF has already been included in diagnostic or therapeutic studies. Thereby, studies applying monoclonal anti-DAF antibodies and anti-DAF vaccination for a targeted therapy have been enrolled recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Henrik Mikesch
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, University Hospital, Westf.-Wilhelms-Univ. Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Servin AL. Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 28:405-40. [PMID: 15374659 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that associates a resident microbiota and cells of various phenotypes lining the epithelial wall expressing complex metabolic activities. The resident microbiota in the digestive tract is a heterogeneous microbial ecosystem containing up to 1 x 10(14) colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal gut function and maintaining host health. The host is protected from attack by potentially harmful microbial microorganisms by the physical and chemical barriers created by the gastrointestinal epithelium. The cells lining the gastrointestinal epithelium and the resident microbiota are two partners that properly and/or synergistically function to promote an efficient host system of defence. The gastrointestinal cells that make up the epithelium, provide a physical barrier that protects the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms into the gastrointestinal microbiota, and against the penetration of harmful microorganisms which usurp the cellular molecules and signalling pathways of the host to become pathogenic. One of the basic physiological functions of the resident microbiota is that it functions as a microbial barrier against microbial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the species of the microbiota exert this barrier effect remain largely to be determined. There is increasing evidence that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which inhabit the gastrointestinal microbiota, develop antimicrobial activities that participate in the host's gastrointestinal system of defence. The objective of this review is to analyze the in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies in which the antimicrobial activities of selected lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains have been documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain L Servin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 510, Pathogénes et Fonctions des Cellules Epithéliales Polarisées, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hiraoka S, Mizuno M, Nasu J, Okazaki H, Makidono C, Okada H, Terada R, Yamamoto K, Fujita T, Shiratori Y. Enhanced expression of decay-accelerating factor, a complement-regulatory protein, in the specialized intestinal metaplasia of Barrett's esophagus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 143:201-6. [PMID: 15085078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal-type epithelium in Barrett's esophagus, so-called specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM), is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Surface expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a complement-regulatory protein, is markedly enhanced in intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. We therefore examined DAF expression in areas of SIM in Barrett's esophagus in an attempt to determine whether DAF is a biomarker of SIM. We obtained 53 endoscopic biopsy specimens from the esophageal columnar mucosae of 45 patients. We immunohistochemically examined the distribution of DAF and 2 other complement-regulatory proteins: homologous restriction factor-20 and membrane cofactor protein. We also examined the expression of DAF messenger RNA in SIM with the use of laser-capture microdissection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 53 specimens, 10 were found histologically to involve areas of SIM, 41 were SIM-negative epithelium, and 2 comprised areas of SIM and SIM-negative epithelium. DAF staining was negligible in 35 of 43 specimens of the SIM-negative columnar epithelium, but DAF was strongly stained on the apical surface in all 12 SIM-positive specimens (P <.0001). In the 2 biopsy specimens in which both SIM and SIM-negative columnar epithelium were present, DAF staining was confined to the area of SIM. The expression of DAF messenger RNA was detected significantly more often in SIM than in SIM-negative columnar epithelium (P =.022). We conclude that DAF may be a surface marker for SIM and therefore useful in the identification of areas of the mucosa at risk for the development of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Hiraoka
- Department of Medicine and Medical Science (Medicine 1), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Decay accelerating factor and colorectal cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Gelderman KA, Tomlinson S, Ross GD, Gorter A. Complement function in mAb-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2004; 25:158-64. [PMID: 15036044 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A Gelderman
- Department of Pathology L1-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbox 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rushmere NK, Knowlden JM, Gee JMW, Harper ME, Robertson JF, Morgan BP, Nicholson RI. Analysis of the level of mRNA expression of the membrane regulators of complement, CD59, CD55 and CD46, in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2004; 108:930-6. [PMID: 14712499 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the relative mRNA expression of the complement (C) regulatory proteins CD59, CD55 and CD46 in RNA isolated from 50 primary breast cancer specimens using a semiquantitative RT-PCR approach. Having normalized the mRNA expression levels of the C regulators relative to actin, we subsequently correlated their expression with estrogen receptor (ER) and various clinical, pathologic and biochemical features of the disease. CD59 and CD46 were detected in all clinical biopsies, while CD55 mRNA was detected in the majority of samples. The comparative levels of expression between the 3 regulators analyzed, using Spearman rank correlation test, revealed a significant association (p = 0.01; r = 0.36) between CD46 and CD59. CD46 exhibited the most striking pattern of association, with increased levels of expression being associated with ER-positive samples and lower levels of expression associated with a loss of differentiation and epidermal growth factor receptor positivity. Application of Spearman rank correlation test revealed CD46 expression was significantly associated with expression of ER at the level of protein (p = 0.031; r = 0.31) and mRNA (p < 0.001; r = 0.52). CD46 expression also correlated with insulin-like growth factor receptor-positive samples using Spearman rank correlation test (p = 0.016; r = 0.34), but negatively associated with tumor samples either exhibiting histologic grade 3 when compared to grades 1 or 2 or displaying elevated levels of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Immunohistochemical analysis of a limited series (n = 8) of paraffin-embedded breast cancers indicated that the level of CD46 protein expression directly associates with that of the mRNA and, where prominent, is localized in the tumor epithelial cell population, including at the plasma membrane. These data provide new information on expression of these important regulators in breast cancer and suggest that CD46 should be evaluated as a novel prognostic indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Rushmere
- Complement Biology Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bétis F, Brest P, Hofman V, Guignot J, Kansau I, Rossi B, Servin A, Hofman P. Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia coli infection in T84 cell monolayers induces increased neutrophil transepithelial migration, which in turn promotes cytokine-dependent upregulation of decay-accelerating factor (CD55), the receptor for Afa/Dr adhesins. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1774-83. [PMID: 12654791 PMCID: PMC152057 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.4.1774-1783.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2002] [Revised: 10/23/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are inflammatory bowel diseases thought to involve strains of Escherichia coli. We report here that two wild-type Afa/Dr diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC) strains, C1845 and IH11128, which harbor the fimbrial F1845 adhesin and the Dr hemagglutinin, respectively, and the E. coli laboratory strain HB101, transformed with the pSSS1 plasmid to produce Afa/Dr F1845 adhesin, all induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in polarized monolayers of the human intestinal cell line T84 grown on semipermeable filters. We observed that after PMNL migration, expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF, or CD55), the brush border-associated receptor for Afa/Dr adhesins, was strongly enhanced, increasing the adhesion of Afa/Dr DAEC bacteria. When examining the mechanism by which DAF expression was enhanced, we observed that the PMNL transepithelial migration induced epithelial synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta, which in turn promoted the upregulation of DAF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fréderic Bétis
- Unité INSERM 36, IFR 50, Faculté de Médecine, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 02, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Järveläinen HA, Väkevä A, Lindros KO, Meri S. Activation of complement components and reduced regulator expression in alcohol-induced liver injury in the rat. Clin Immunol 2002; 105:57-63. [PMID: 12483994 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2002.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible contribution of complement-mediated inflammation to the development of alcoholic liver disease. Male Wistar rats were fed ethanol by liquid diet in a model that results in continuous ethanol intoxication and induces early signs of alcoholic liver injury. After a six-week study period liver samples were analyzed for the deposition of complement components (C1, C3, and C8) and expression of cell membrane-bound regulators (Crry and CD59). Activation of the homologous complement system in vitro was tested by treating frozen liver sections with normal rat serum (NRS). Immunohistochemical analysis showed deposits of C8 in the liver sections of ethanol-treated rats. When frozen liver sections from these rats were treated with NRS, periportal deposition of both C3 and C8, but only slight C1 deposition, was observed. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis both revealed a reduced expression of the complement regulators Crry and CD59. These results suggest an induction of complement-activating capacity in the liver after chronic ethanol treatment. Lack of C1 deposition in the lesions suggests that complement activation occurs primarily via the alternative pathway. The reduced expression of the critical complement regulatory proteins Crry and CD59 may sensitize the liver to complement-mediated damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri A Järveläinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Alcohol Research Center, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Efthimiou E, Nielsen T, Loader J, Terris B, Stamp G, Baron A, Scarpa A, Lemoine NR. Expression profiling of microdissected pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Oncogene 2002; 21:4587-94. [PMID: 12085237 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2001] [Revised: 03/20/2002] [Accepted: 04/15/2002] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by a paucity of neoplastic cells embedded in a densely desmoplastic stroma. Therefore, laser capture microdissection was performed to obtain homogeneous populations of normal and neoplastic ductal cells. These were subjected to a comparative study of gene expression utilizing human cDNA arrays. A variety of dysregulated genes were identified, comprising cell cycle and growth regulators, invasion regulators, signalling and developmental molecules. In addition to genes already found to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, such as TIMP1, MMP7, CD59, rhoC and NDKA, we present evidence to implicate genes which have not previously been reported in this tumour type. These include the overexpressed genes ABL2, Notch4 and SOD1, as well as XRCC1, a DNA repair gene whose transcript was found downregulated. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) was employed to confirm differential expression of ABL2, Notch4 and SOD1 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to verify decreased protein expression of XRCC1 using a custom-built pancreatic tissue array. Combining microarray-derived gene expression profiles of pure pancreatic cell populations, QRT-PCR and pancreas-specific tissue arrays therefore proved to be highly informative in elucidating the molecular pathology of this highly malignant tumour type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine at Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hensel F, Hermann R, Brändlein S, Krenn V, Schmausser B, Geis S, Müller-Hermelink HK, Vollmers HP. Regulation of the new coexpressed CD55 (decay-accelerating factor) receptor on stomach carcinoma cells involved in antibody SC-1-induced apoptosis. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1553-63. [PMID: 11706063 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human monoclonal antibody SC-1 was isolated from a patient with a diffuse-type adenocarcinoma of the stomach using somatic cell hybridization. The immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody reacts specifically with diffuse- (70%) and intestinal-type (25%) gastric adenocarcinoma and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. When used in clinical trials with stomach carcinoma patients, significant apoptotic and regressive effects in primary tumors have been observed with the antibody SC-1. The SC-1 receptor is a new 82 kd membrane-bound isoform of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked CD55 (decay-accelerating factor, DAF). CD55 is known to protect cells from lysis through autologous complement and is coexpressed with the ubiquitously distributed 70 kd isoform. The SC-1-specific CD55 isoform is up-regulated shortly after antibody binding, followed by an internalization of the antibody/receptor-complex, whereas the membranous expression of wild-type CD55 remains unchanged. The apoptotic process is marked by cleavage of cytokeratin 18, indicating the involvement of caspase-6 in the apoptotic process. In contrast to other apoptotic pathways, a cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) is not observed. The expression of the cell-cycle regulator c-myc becomes up-regulated, whereas expression of topoisomerase IIalpha is down-regulated. Induction of apoptosis leads to an increase in the internal Ca(2+) concentration, which is not necessary for the apoptotic process but for the transport of newly synthesized SC-1-specific CD55 isoform to the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hensel
- Institute for PathologyUniversity of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takeuchi K, Mizuno M, Uesu T, Nasu J, Kawada M, Hori S, Okada H, Endo Y, Fujita T, Tsuji T. Epidermal growth factor induces expression of decay-accelerating factor in human colonic cancer cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2001; 138:186-92. [PMID: 11528371 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2001.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a complement regulatory protein, is enhanced in colorectal cancer. In this study, to elucidate mechanisms for enhanced DAF expression, we studied the effects of growth factors on DAF expression in HT-29 human colonic cancer cells. Cells were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta. DAF protein expression and mRNA expression were determined with enzyme immunoassay and Northern blot analysis. The signaling pathways that target DAF expression in response to growth factor stimulation were characterized by using various inhibitors of the signal transduction pathway. EGF induced significant increases in DAF protein and mRNA expression in HT-29 cells; the other growth factors had a weak effect or no effect. The EGF-induced DAF expression was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase inhibitor PD 98059 but not by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor, phospholipase Cgamma inhibitor, or protein kinase C inhibitor. When we analyzed the phosphorylation state of the MAP kinase by immunoblot analysis, phosphorylated p44/p42 MAP kinase was detected in EGF-stimulated HT-29 cells, and the addition of PD 98059 abrogated the phosphorylation. These results indicate that EGF regulates DAF expression in HT-29 cells via the signaling pathway that depends on the activation of MAP kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Takeuchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tumor Cell Expression of CD59 Is Associated With Resistance to CD20 Serotherapy in Patients With B-Cell Malignancies. J Immunother 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200105000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Nakagawa M, Mizuno M, Kawada M, Uesu T, Nasu J, Takeuchi K, Okada H, Endo Y, Fujita T, Tsuji T. Polymorphic expression of decay-accelerating factor in human colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:184-9. [PMID: 11207899 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a complement regulatory protein, is enhanced immunohistochemically on the luminal surface of cancer glands in human colorectal cancer and is detected in stool specimens of patients with colorectal cancer. The amount of DAF present in the stools might be influenced by the stability of DAF on the cell surface which is regulated by biochemical properties such as glycosylation of the protein. In the present study, to help elucidate the mechanism for the release of DAF from human colorectal cancers, we biochemically analyzed DAF expression by western and northern blotting by using surgically resected specimens of colorectal cancers. METHODS Surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues were obtained from 10 patients. Expression of DAF was determined by western and northern blotting, and glycosylation of DAF protein was analyzed with glycosidase digestion. RESULTS Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of DAF mRNA in colorectal cancer was enhanced two- to threefold compared with normal tissues. In western blotting, expression of DAF protein in the cancer tissue was increased, and heterogeneity in the apparent molecular weight of DAF was observed among patients. When o-linked sugars were removed, this heterogeneity of DAF size diminished. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphic expression of DAF in colorectal cancer is likely to reflect variability in the o-glycosylation of the protein. We speculate that this variability could affect the stability of DAF on the surfaces of cancer cells and, in turn, the amount of DAF shed into the stools of colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nakagawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Complement Regulatory Proteins and Autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0981-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Fedarko NS, Fohr B, Robey PG, Young MF, Fisher LW. Factor H binding to bone sialoprotein and osteopontin enables tumor cell evasion of complement-mediated attack. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16666-72. [PMID: 10747989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells, like trophoblasts of the developing placenta, are invasive and must escape immune surveillance to survive. Complement has long been thought to play a significant role in the tumor surveillance mechanism. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN, ETA-1) are expressed by trophoblasts and are strongly up-regulated by many tumors. Indeed, BSP has been shown to be a positive indicator of the invasive potential of some tumors. In this report, we show that BSP and OPN form rapid and tight complexes with complement Factor H. Besides its key role in regulating complement-mediated cell lysis, Factor H also appears to play a role when "hijacked" by invading organisms in enabling cellular evasion of complement. We have investigated whether BSP and OPN may play a similar role in tumor cell complement evasion by testing to see whether these glycoproteins could promote tumor cell survival. Recombinant OPN and BSP can protect murine erythroleukemia cells from attack by human complement as well as human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and U-266 myeloma cells from attack by guinea pig complement. The mechanism of this gain of function by tumor cell expression of BSP or OPN has been defined using specific peptides and antibodies to block BSP and OPN protective activity. The expression of BSP and OPN in tumor cells provides a selective advantage for survival via initial binding to alpha(V)beta(3) integrin (both) or CD44 (OPN) on the cell surface, followed by sequestration of Factor H to the cell surface and inhibition of complement-mediated cell lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Fedarko
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shoji T, Nakanishi I, Kunitou K, Tsubakihara Y, Hirooka Y, Kishi Y, Hatanaka M, Matsumoto M, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Urine levels of CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) are increased in patients with glomerular diseases. Clin Immunol 2000; 95:163-9. [PMID: 10779410 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Soluble membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) has not been detected by conventional ELISA in human urine. Here, we established a highly sensitive assay method for determination of urinary MCP (uMCP) using monoclonal antibody-coated paramagnetic beads. This method enabled us to detect less than 0.05 ng/ml of purified membrane and recombinant soluble MCP, a sensitivity 10-fold higher than that of conventional ELISA. In normal subjects, the levels of uMCP were <0. 05 ng/ml. The levels of uMCP were elevated in patients with IgA nephropathy and more prominently in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The levels of uMCP were correlated significantly with those of serum MCP (sMCP) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and nonsignificantly with those of beta(2)-microglobulin, total urine protein, or serum creatinine. The properties of uMCP were inconsistent with those of the reported sMCP, since uMCP showed three bands on SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting with molecular mass profiles different from those of sMCP. uMCP exhibited factor I cofactor activity for cleavage of C3b comparable to that of sMCP. The origin of uMCP, however, remains to be determined. These results, taken together with the parameter correlation profiles, suggested that uMCP is secreted or produced secondary to tubular or glomerular damage. The physiological role and clinical significance of uMCP are now within the scope of our investigation by establishment of this assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Shoji
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka Prefectural Hospital, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sznol M, Lin SL, Bermudes D, Zheng LM, King I. Use of preferentially replicating bacteria for the treatment of cancer. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:1027-30. [PMID: 10772643 PMCID: PMC300839 DOI: 10.1172/jci9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sznol
- Vion Pharmaceuticals Inc., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|