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Suffian IFBM, Al-Jamal KT. Bioengineering of virus-like particles as dynamic nanocarriers for in vivo delivery and targeting to solid tumours. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114030. [PMID: 34736988 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are known as self-assembled, non-replicative and non-infectious protein particles, which imitate the formation and structure of original wild type viruses, however, lack the viral genome and/or their fragments. The capacity of VLPs to encompass small molecules like nucleic acids and others has made them as novel vessels of nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. In addition, VLPs surface have the capacity to achieve variation of the surface display via several modification strategies including genetic modification, chemical modification, and non-covalent modification. Among the VLPs nanocarriers, Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles have been the most encouraging candidate. HBc particles are hollow nanoparticles in the range of 30-34 nm in diameter and 7 nm thick envelopes, consisting of 180 or 240 copies of identical polypeptide monomer. They also employ a distinctive position among the VLPs carriers due to the high-level synthesis, which serves as a strong protective capsid shell and efficient self-assembly properties. This review highlights on the bioengineering of HBc particles as dynamic nanocarriers for in vivo delivery and specific targeting to solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat F B M Suffian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (Kuantan Campus), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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2
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Stoner NS, Gibson RN, Edwards J. Development of procedures to address health and safety issues in the administration of gene therapy within the clinical setting. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1191/1078155203jp101oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background. The Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit is a clinical research unit with a 16- bed inpatient facility. Clinical research pharmacists are integral members of the multidisciplinary team. In the last three years, six gene therapy clinical trials have been undertaken, requiring containment level one facilities. The vectors used for gene transfer in these studies included inactivated retrovirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus and vaccinia. Purpose. The aim of this paper is to highlight the procedures used throughout the clinical trial process, including storage, handling and disposal of the vectors, to minimize the health and safety risk to staff, patients and the environment. Findings. Little researched evidence is available on the clinical implications of gene therapy, especially with regard to health and safety. Published literature and protocol guidelines were reviewed. Visits were made to other sites administering gene therapy, and national and international symposia were attended. Standard operating procedures for handling containment level one gene therapy vectors were produced to ensure safe practice. These are in accordance with current UK Health and Safety Executive guidelines. Conclusions. The future treatment of the patient with cancer will conceivably involve genetic modification. There is, therefore, an urgent need for further research into the safety of these therapies to patients, clinicians, the general public and the environment. This is a new and exciting area for practice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Stoner
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, The Churchill, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel N Gibson
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, The Churchill, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeanette Edwards
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, The Churchill, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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3
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Synthesis and preliminary cellular evaluation of phosphonium chitosan derivatives as novel non-viral vector. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:676-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Pan Y, He B, Lirong Z, Nie Z, Chen L, Gu L, Hoffman AR, Wang S, Hu J. Gene therapy for cancer through adenovirus vector‑mediated expression of the Ad5 early region gene 1A based on loss of IGF2 imprinting. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1814-22. [PMID: 23900345 PMCID: PMC3810216 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of (genomic) imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) is a common epigenetic abnormality in many human cancers. IGF2 imprinting is regulated by differentially methylated domains (DMD) in the imprinting control region that is located between IGF2 and H19 on human chromosome 11. In the present study, combined expression of adenoviral vectors (Ad-EGFP and Ad-E1A) driven by H19 enhancer-DMD-H19 promoter complex was investigated and their effects on the tumor growth were assessed in vitro and in vivo. When infected with Ad-EGFP, the cancer cell lines with the LOI, such as HRT-18 and HT-29 cells, had the expression of the EGFP protein, whereas three cancer cell lines with the maintenance of imprinting (MOI) (HCT-116, MCF-7 and GES-1) had weak expression of EGFP. Furthermore, the expressed Ad-E1A significantly decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis only in HRT-18 and HT-29 cells in vitro, and effectively suppressed tumor development in HRT-18 and HT-29 xenograft in nude mice. It is concluded that this gene therapy vector is effective in the suppression of the growth of human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and that cancer gene therapy based on loss of IGF2 imprinting may prove to be a novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Pan
- Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012, P.R. China
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5
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Fraix A, Montier T, Le Gall T, Sevrain CM, Carmoy N, Lindberg MF, Lehn P, Jaffrès PA. Lipothiophosphoramidates for gene delivery: critical role of the cationic polar headgroup. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2051-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Choi IK, Lee YS, Yoo JY, Yoon AR, Kim H, Kim DS, Seidler DG, Kim JH, Yun CO. Effect of decorin on overcoming the extracellular matrix barrier for oncolytic virotherapy. Gene Ther 2009; 17:190-201. [PMID: 19907500 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pressing challenge for contemporary gene therapy is to deliver enough therapeutic genes to enough cancer cells in vivo. With the aim of improving viral distribution and tumor penetration, we explored the use of decorin to enhance viral spreading and tumor tissue penetration. We generated decorin-expressing replication-incompetent (dl-LacZ-DCNG, dl-LacZ-DCNQ and dl-LacZ-DCNK) and replication-competent (Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNG, Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNQ and Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNK) adenoviruses (Ads). Point mutants of decorin gene (DCNG), DCNK and DCNQ, have a negative and moderate binding affinity to type-I collagen fibril, respectively. In both tumor spheroids and established solid tumors in vivo, tissue penetration potency of dl-LacZ-DCNG was greatly enhanced than those of dl-LacZ, dl-LacZ-DCNQ and dl-LacZ-DCNK, and this enhanced tissue penetration effect derived from decorin-expressing Ad was dependent on the binding affinity of decorin to collagen fibril. Expression of DCNG enhanced viral spread of replicating Ad, leading to improved tumor reduction and survival benefit. Moreover, the tumoricidal effects of Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNQ and Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNK were lessened, as the binding affinity to collagen was decreased, showing that the increased cancer cell cytotoxicity was driven by the action of decorin on extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNG substantially decreased ECM components within the tumor tissue. Finally, intratumoral injection of Ad-DeltaE1B-DCNG in primary tumor site greatly reduced the formation of B16BL6 melanoma cell pulmonary metastases in mice. Taken together, these data show the utility of decorin as a dispersion agent and highlight its utility and potential in improving the efficacy of replicating Ad-mediated cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-K Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Paez J, Montaño R, Benatuil L, Iacomini J, Cardier JE. High Efficiency and Long-Term Foreign Gene Expression in Cultured Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells by Retroviral Transduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:279-85. [PMID: 16990184 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600904088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) constitute a very specialized endothelium. Due to their multiple functions and privileged location in the liver, these cells constitute an excellent target for gene therapy. In this work, the authors investigate the efficiency of retroviral gene transduction as a method for in vitro gene delivery into murine LSECs. Gene transduction into murine LSECs was performed using the PCMMP-eGFP/pIK-MLVgp retrovirus pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-g), containing eGFP as a reporter gene. Retroviral transduction resulted in a high efficiency of gene transfer (99%) and stable expression of eGFP in LSECs. The retroviral transduction protocol did not affect the morphology or expression of endothelial cell markers or the biological functions of LSECs. The authors have developed conditions for high-efficiency and stable retroviral gene transduction of LSECs. These results raise the possibility of liver gene therapy using LSECs as vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic proteins by means of retroviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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8
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Tan L, Jia H, Liu R, Wu J, Han H, Zuo Y, Yang S, Huang W. Inhibition of NF-kappaB in fusogenic membrane glycoprotein causing HL-60 cell death: implications for acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:114-21. [PMID: 18783878 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMGs) are new therapeutic genes for the control of tumor growth, the cellular mechanisms mediating cell death is non-apoptotic. However, the precise molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed overexpression of HSP70 in HL-60 cells mediated by Gibbon Ape leukemia virus hyperfusogenic envelope protein (GALV-FMG) inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65, the transcriptive activity of NF-kappaB and prevented the degradation of IkappaB. NF-kappaB may negatively regulate HSP70 expression, which made a positive feed back loop for expression of HSP70. FMG expression in HL-60 cells leaded to the formation of multinucleated syncytia and cell death, the main death mode of cells is necrosis. This form of cell death should be effective in vivo, gene therapy basing on FMG deserve further study for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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9
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Mével M, Yaouanc JJ, Laurent P, Clément JC, Cartier D, Jaffrès PA, Montier T, Delépine P, Le Gall T, Lehn P, Pichon C, Midoux P, Férec C. Cationic Lipids Based on Phosphonate and Phosphoramidate Chemistry: Synthesis and Application to Gene Therapy. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701761300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mével
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Yaouanc
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Pascale Laurent
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Jean-Claude Clément
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Dominique Cartier
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- a CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- b Unité INSERM 613 “Génétique Moléculaire et Epidémiologie Génétique”, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Pascal Delépine
- b Unité INSERM 613 “Génétique Moléculaire et Epidémiologie Génétique”, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- b Unité INSERM 613 “Génétique Moléculaire et Epidémiologie Génétique”, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | - Pierre Lehn
- b Unité INSERM 613 “Génétique Moléculaire et Epidémiologie Génétique”, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
| | | | | | - Claude Férec
- c Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , Orléans, France
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10
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Segura MDLM, Kamen A, Garnier A. Purification of retrovirus particles using heparin affinity chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 434:1-11. [PMID: 18470635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-248-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral vectors have been used as gene delivery vehicles for more than two decades and continue to be the best available tool for stable and efficient transfer of therapeutic genes into various cell types. Although most gene therapy preclinical studies presently use crude or concentrated retroviral vector supernatants, purification to eliminate serum and host-derived impurities contained in these stocks will be a necessary requirement for clinical applications. Chromatography is deemed the most promising technology for large-scale purification of viral vectors. Heparin affinity chromatography offers the possibility to selectively and efficiently purify retroviruses. This chapter gives a simple, reproducible, and scaleable protocol for the purification of bioactive VSV-G pseudotyped retroviral vectors that employs membrane and chromatography technologies. The protocol can be easily adapted for the purification of different retroviral vector pseudotypes and lentiviral vectors. The purification techniques described here represent a significant improvement over the conventional sucrose density gradient methodology used for retrovirus purification and will hopefully contribute to the technological progress in the field of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de las Mercedes Segura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, la Structure et l'Ingénierie des Protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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11
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Evaluation of twenty-one human adenovirus types and one infectivity-enhanced adenovirus for the treatment of malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:988-98. [PMID: 17960177 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced melanoma is associated with poor prognosis warranting the development of new therapeutics, such as oncolytic adenoviruses for immunovirotherapy. Since this approach critically depends on efficient transduction of targeted tumor cells, we screened a panel of 22 different adenovirus types for their internalization efficiency in melanoma cells. We demonstrated that the virions of Ad35, Ad38, and Ad3 have significantly higher internalization efficiency in melanoma cells than Ad5, so far the only adenovirus type used in clinical trials for melanoma. Therefore, we developed a conditionally replication-competent Ad5-based vector with the Ad35 fiber shaft and knob domains (Ad5/35) and compared its therapeutic efficacy with the homologous vector carrying the native Ad5 fiber. To further enhance virotherapy, we combined the oncolytic adenovirus vectors with intratumoral expression of measles virus fusogenic membrane glycoproteins H and F (MV-H/F) and dacarbazine chemotherapy. In a human melanoma xenograft model, established from a short-term culture of primary melanoma cells, we demonstrated that the Ad5/35-based therapy had a significantly greater anti-neoplastic effect than the homologous Ad5-based therapy. Furthermore, the combination of virotherapy, intratumoral expression of MV-H/F, and chemotherapy was clearly superior to single- or double-agent therapy. In conclusion, Ad35-based vectors are promising for the treatment of melanoma.
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12
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Marsman WA, Wesseling JG, El Bouch A, Bosma PJ, van Lanschot JJB. Adenoviral serotypes in gene therapy for esophageal carcinoma. J Surg Res 2007; 140:50-4. [PMID: 17418868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenoviral gene therapy could potentially play a role in the treatment of esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. The adenoviruses can be categorized in different serotypes. The goal of the present study was to investigate the transduction efficacy of different adenoviral serotypes in different models of esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. METHODS Chimeras of the adenoviral serotype 5 backbone and fibers of serotypes 5, 16, 35, 40, and 50 were constructed with PCR technology. For esophageal cancer, cell lines were used originating from with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Differentiating Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro model for Barrett's esophagus. GFP was used as a reporter gene and transduction efficacy was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Overall transduction was rather efficient in the cancer cell lines. Especially serotype 16 and 50 exhibited an improved transduction compared with the other serotypes. In the Caco-2 cell lines, we observed a decreased transduction upon differentiation of the cells. All serotypes had a very limited transduction and no serotype had an additional value in this setting. CONCLUSIONS Some serotypes could have an additional value in the development of gene therapy for esophageal cancer. Especially serotype 16 and 50 exhibited an improved transduction in esophageal cancer cells compared with the native serotype 5. In the setting of Barrett's esophagus, none of the serotypes had an improved potency as in differentiated intestinal cells all serotypes had a very limited transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem A Marsman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Tsuruta Y, Pereboeva L, Glasgow JN, Luongo CL, Komarova S, Kawakami Y, Curiel DT. Reovirus sigma1 fiber incorporated into adenovirus serotype 5 enhances infectivity via a CAR-independent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:205-14. [PMID: 16061208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) has been used for gene therapy with limited success because of insufficient infectivity in cells with low expression of the primary receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). To enhance infectivity in tissues with low CAR expression, tropism expansion is required via non-CAR pathways. Serotype 3 Dearing reovirus utilizes a fiber-like sigma1 protein to infect cells expressing sialic acid and junction adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1). We hypothesized that replacement of the Ad5 fiber with sigma1 would result in an Ad5 vector with CAR-independent tropism. We therefore constructed a fiber mosaic Ad5 vector, designated as Ad5-sigma1, encoding two fibers: the sigma1 and the wild-type Ad5 fiber. Functionally, Ad5-sigma1 utilized CAR, sialic acid, and JAM1 for cell transduction and achieved maximum infectivity enhancement in cells with or without CAR. Thus, we have developed a new type of Ad5 vector with expanded tropism, possessing fibers from Ad5 and reovirus, that exhibits enhanced infectivity via CAR-independent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tsuruta
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, and The Gene Therapy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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14
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Lu B, Makhija SK, Nettelbeck DM, Rivera AA, Wang M, Komarova S, Zhou F, Yamamoto M, Haisma HJ, Alvarez RD, Curiel DT, Zhu ZB. Evaluation of tumor-specific promoter activities in melanoma. Gene Ther 2005; 12:330-8. [PMID: 15696177 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a novel therapy for melanoma. To date, however, there is still no powerful tumor specific promoter (TSP) to restrict the transgene expression in melanoma cells. In order to define a useful TSP for targeting in the context of melanoma gene therapy, four promoters, the cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), alpha-chemokine SDF-1 receptor (CXCR4), epithelial glycoprotein 2 (EGP-2), and survivin, were tested in both established melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cells. We employed recombinant adenoviral vectors (reAds) each with a candidate TSP (the Cox-2, CXCR4, EGP-2, or survivin), a reporter luciferase gene, and a poly-A signal, all of which were inserted into the E1-deleted region. A reAdGL3Bcytomegalovirus (CMV), containing the CMV promoter and luciferase gene, was used as a positive control to normalize the luciferase activity. Luciferase activity was measured in multiple tumor cell lines and two primary melanoma cell cultures after infection with reAds. Human epithelial melanocytes, HEM, were used as normal control. In contrast to three other promoters, the survivin promoter exhibited the highest activities within both melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cells, but not in HEMs. Additionally, the survivin promoter exhibited very low activities in major mouse organs including the liver, in vivo. EGP-2 is not active in melanoma; messenger RNA expressions were correlated to promoter activities both in melanoma cell lines and primary cell cultures. Thus, these data suggest that the survivin promoter achieved a 'tumor-on/liver-off' profile, and thus represents a potentially useful tumor-specific promoter with applications for transcriptional targeting of Ad vector-based cancer gene therapy or oncolysis to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Human Gene Therapy, The Gene Therapy Center, 901 19th Street S., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35291, USA
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15
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Segura MDLM, Kamen A, Trudel P, Garnier A. A novel purification strategy for retrovirus gene therapy vectors using heparin affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:391-404. [PMID: 15812800 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane separation and chromatographic technologies are regarded as an attractive alternative to conventional academic small-scale ultracentrifugation procedures used for retrovirus purification. However, despite the increasing demands for purified retroviral vector preparations, new chromatography adsorbents with high specificity for the virus have not been reported. Heparin affinity chromatography is presented here as a novel convenient tool for retrovirus purification. The ability of bioactive retroviral particles to specifically bind to heparin ligands immobilized on a chromatographic gel is shown. A purification factor of 63 with a recovery of 61% of functional retroparticles was achieved using this single step. Tentacle heparin affinity supports captured retroviral particles more efficiently than conventional heparin affinity chromatography supports with which a lower recovery was obtained (18%). Intact, infective retroviral particles were recovered by elution with low salt concentrations (350 mM NaCl). Mild conditions for retrovirus elution from chromatographic columns are required to preserve virus infectivity. VSV-G pseudotyped retroviruses have shown to be very sensitive to high ionic strength, losing 50% of their activity and showing membrane damage after a short exposure to 1M NaCl. We also report a complete scaleable downstream processing scheme for the purification of MoMLV-derived vectors that involves sequential microfiltration and ultra/diafiltration steps for virus clarification and concentration respectively, followed by fractionation by heparin affinity chromatography and final polishing by size-exclusion chromatography. Overall, by using this strategy, a 38% yield of infective particles can be achieved with a final purification factor of 2,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de las Mercedes Segura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, la Structure et l'lngénierie des Protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
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16
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Marsman WA, Buskens CJ, Wesseling JG, Offerhaus GJA, Bergman JJGHM, Tytgat GNJ, van Lanschot JJB, Bosma PJ. Gene therapy for esophageal carcinoma: the use of an explant model to test adenoviral vectors ex vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 11:289-96. [PMID: 14765131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral gene therapy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for esophageal carcinoma. However, adenoviral transduction efficacy in vivo is still limited. This efficacy can be improved by the insertion of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide in the HI-loop of the viral fiber knob. Indeed in established esophageal cell lines, we observed an up to six-fold improved transduction using the RGD-targeted adenovirus. Established cell lines, however, are easily transformed and do not represent the more complex in vivo histology and anatomy. Therefore, we set up an esophageal explant model using esophageal biopsies from patients. Viability is a limiting factor for this system. Cultured squamous epithelium, intestinal metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma had a sufficient viability to study adenoviral transduction. Viability of the cultured adenocarcinoma biopsies was poor. Adenoviral transduction in the explant model was poor and was localized in particular cells. The transduction of the nontargeted and RGD-targeted adenovirus was similar in localization and efficacy. In conclusion, we established an esophageal explant system to test the transduction of adenoviral vectors ex vivo. The transduction was limited and localized in specific cells. RGD-targeted adenovirus did not show an improved transduction in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem A Marsman
- Department of Experimental Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ziller C, Lincet H, Muller CD, Staedel C, Behr JP, Poulain L. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1/waf1 enhances the cytotoxicity of ganciclovir in HSV-tk transfected ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2004; 212:43-52. [PMID: 15246560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy could be an attractive addition to the treatment of ovarian carcinomas, for which acquired chemoresistance frequently results in treatment failure. Here we show that transfection of the HSV-tk gene, followed by incubation with up to 1 mM ganciclovir fails to induce cell death in SKOV3 chemoresistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. However, co-transfection of HSV-tk with Cip1/Waf1 encoding the p21(cip1/waf1) inhibitor of cdks, allows 100 microM ganciclovir to eradicate the population of tumor cells. Potentiation of a drug by co-transfer of HSV-tk with Cip1/Waf1could thus represent another therapeutic approach for tumours that are resistant to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Ziller
- Laboratoire de Chimie Génétique, CNRS UMR 7514, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg I, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 24, 67401 Illkirch, France
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18
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Oh YT, Chen DWC, Dougherty GJ, McBride WH. Adenoviral interleukin-3 gene-radiation therapy for prostate cancer in mouse model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59:579-83. [PMID: 15145179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The radiosensitizing effect of IL-3 gene therapy was evaluated on the syngeneic mouse prostate cancer model. METHODS AND MATERIALS An adenoviral vector was used to deliver the mIL-3 alpha gene into syngeneic murine prostate (TRAMP-C1) cancer cells growing in a subcutaneous site and the tumor response to irradiation was assessed. RESULTS Ad-mIL-3 gene therapy showed no tumor growth delay without radiation. However, intratumoral Ad-mIL-3 injection with radiation therapy showed marked tumor growth delay that was significantly greater than that of radiation alone. CONCLUSIONS The combined intratumoral Ad-mIL-3 gene therapy and radiation therapy is a valuable option for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Paldal Gu, Suwon, South Korea.
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19
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Casado E, De Castro J, Belda-Iniesta C, Feliu J, González-Barón M, Arafat W. Doomed Trials for Promising Adenoviruses. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:1162-3; author reply 1163-4. [PMID: 15020624 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.99.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Nettelbeck DM, Rivera AA, Kupsch J, Dieckmann D, Douglas JT, Kontermann RE, Alemany R, Curiel DT. Retargeting of adenoviral infection to melanoma: combining genetic ablation of native tropism with a recombinant bispecific single-chain diabody (scDb) adapter that binds to fiber knob and HMWMAA. Int J Cancer 2003; 108:136-45. [PMID: 14618628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging and promising modality for the treatment of malignant melanoma and other neoplasms for which conventional therapies are inadequate. Various therapeutic genes have shown promise for tumor cell killing. However, successful gene therapy depends on the development of efficient and targeted gene transfer vectors. Here we describe a novel strategy for targeting of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to melanoma cells. This strategy combines genetic ablation of native adenoviral tropism with redirected viral binding to melanoma cells via a bispecific adapter molecule, a bacterially expressed single-chain diabody, scDb MelAd, that binds to both the adenoviral fiber protein and to the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMWMAA). This antigen is widely and specifically expressed on the surface of melanoma cells and its expression is associated with tumor development and progression. Our results showed specific and strong binding of the anti-HMWMAA scFv RAFT3 and the bispecific adapter scDb MelAd to melanoma cells. In adenoviral infection experiments, we demonstrated i) substantially (>50-fold) reduced infectivity of capsid mutant adenoviruses, ii) restored (up to 367-fold increase), CAR-independent and HMWMAA-mediated infectivity of these mutant viruses by scDb MelAd specifically in melanoma cells, and iii) higher levels of transgene expression in melanoma cells by fiber mutant virus complexed with scDbMelAd, relative to a vector with wild-type fibers. We confirmed the utility of this targeting strategy with human primary melanoma cells that represent clinically relevant substrates. These experiments established that the retargeting strategy mediates up to 54-fold increased adenoviral gene transfer to CAR-negative melanoma cells compared to the vector with native tropism. Hence, the HMWMAA-targeted adenoviral vector lacking native tropism exhibits both enhanced specificity and augmented infectivity of gene transfer to melanoma cells, suggesting that it is feasible to use this vector to improve gene therapy for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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21
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Buskens CJ, Marsman WA, Wesseling JG, Offerhaus GJA, Yamamoto M, Curiel DT, Bosma PJ, van Lanschot JJB. A genetically retargeted adenoviral vector enhances viral transduction in esophageal carcinoma cell lines and primary cultured esophageal resection specimens. Ann Surg 2003; 238:815-24; discussion 825-6. [PMID: 14631218 PMCID: PMC1356163 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000098622.47909.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if an integrin-retargeted adenoviral vector could establish a more efficient and tumor-specific gene transfer in esophageal carcinoma cells. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Although preclinical data indicated that adenoviral gene therapy could be a promising novel treatment modality for various malignancies, clinical results are often disappointing. An important problem is the decreased tumoral expression of the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which mediates adenoviral entry. Retargeting the adenoviral vector to other cellular receptors, by inserting an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) tripeptide in the fiber knob, might overcome this problem. METHODS Four esophageal carcinoma cell lines and 10 fresh surgical resection specimens were cultured. All were infected with the native adenovirus (Ad) and the retargeted adenovirus (AdRGD), encoding for the reporter genes luciferase or Green Fluorescent Protein to analyze gene transfer efficiency. RESULTS In all cell lines, an increase in viral expression per cell and an increase in the percentage of transduced cells were seen with the retargeted adenovirus. Also, in the primary cultures of carcinoma cells, a more efficient gene transfer was seen when the retargeted vector was used. This phenomenon was less pronounced in normal cells, indicating that the RGD virus transduces tumor cells more efficiently than normal cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that an RGD retargeted adenovirus infects human esophageal carcinoma cells with enhanced efficiency, while in normal esophageal cells this effect is less pronounced. Therefore, this retargeted vector is expected to have a better performance in vivo, when compared with nonretargeted vectors used for cancer gene therapy so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne J Buskens
- Academic Medical Center, Deptartment of Surgery, Suite G4-130, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Nettelbeck DM, Rivera AA, Davydova J, Dieckmann D, Yamamoto M, Curiel DT. Cyclooxygenase-2 promoter for tumour-specific targeting of adenoviral vectors to melanoma. Melanoma Res 2003; 13:287-92. [PMID: 12777984 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200306000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are warranted for the treatment of metastatic melanoma as conventional therapies are inefficient. Conceptually, these strategies should be systemic and tumour-targeted. Gene therapy and viral oncolysis represent promising new approaches for cancer treatment that allow for the incorporation of molecular targeting strategies. In this regard, we analysed cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) expression as a potential new target for melanoma gene therapy. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, we showed cox-2 mRNA expression in all of the six tested melanoma cell lines, thus establishing cox-2 as a tumour marker for melanoma of potential interest for targeted therapeutics. Next, we analysed the activity and specificity of the cox-2 promoter within adenoviral vectors by luciferase assays. For this purpose, melanoma cell lines, primary melanoma cells and normal melanocytes were infected with adenoviruses containing cox-2 promoter sequences driving the luciferase reporter gene. The results demonstrated activity of the cox-2 promoter in melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cells, but not in non-malignant primary epidermal melanocytes. Thus, we established herein the tumour specificity of the cox-2 promoter with potential applications for transcriptional targeting of adenoviral vector-based cancer gene therapy or virotherapy to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Nettelbeck
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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23
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Su ZZ, Lebedeva IV, Sarkar D, Gopalkrishnan RV, Sauane M, Sigmon C, Yacoub A, Valerie K, Dent P, Fisher PB. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, mda-7/IL-24, selectively induces growth suppression, apoptosis and radiosensitization in malignant gliomas in a p53-independent manner. Oncogene 2003; 22:1164-80. [PMID: 12606943 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are extremely aggressive cancers currently lacking effective treatment modalities. Gene therapy represents a promising approach for this disease. A requisite component for improving gene-based therapies of brain cancer includes tumor suppressor genes that exhibit cancer constrained inhibitory activity. Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) as a gene associated with melanoma cell growth, differentiation and progression. Ectopic expression of mda-7 by means of a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad), Ad.mda-7, induces growth suppression and apoptosis selectively in diverse human cancers, without producing any apparent harmful effect in normal cells. We presently demonstrate that Ad.mda-7 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in malignant human gliomas expressing both mutant and wild-type p53, and these effects correlate with an elevation in expression of members of the growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) gene family. In contrast, infection with a recombinant Ad expressing wild-type p53, Ad.wtp53, specifically affects mutant p53 expressing gliomas. When tested in early passage normal and immortal human fetal astrocytes, growth inhibition resulting from infection with Ad.mda-7 or Ad.wtp53 is significantly less than in malignant gliomas and no toxicity is evident in these normal cells. Moreover, infection of gliomas with Ad.mda-7 or treatment with purified GST-MDA-7 protein sensitizes both wild-type and mutant p53 expressing tumor cells to the growth inhibitory and antisurvival effects of ionizing radiation, and this response correlates with increased expression of specific members of the GADD gene family. Since heterogeneity in p53 expression is common in evolving gliomas, the present findings suggest that Ad.mda-7 may, in many instances, prove more beneficial for the gene-based therapy of malignant gliomas than administration of wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Zhong Su
- Department of Pathology, Columbia university, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York , NY 10032, USA
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24
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Barnett BG, Tillman BW, Curiel DT, Douglas JT. Dual targeting of adenoviral vectors at the levels of transduction and transcription enhances the specificity of gene expression in cancer cells. Mol Ther 2002; 6:377-85. [PMID: 12231174 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2002.0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vector-mediated strategies for cancer gene therapy mandate a vector that is capable of efficient expression of the therapeutic gene specifically within the target tumor cells. In one approach to the development of cancer cell-specific vectors, Ad vectors have been targeted at the level of transduction to achieve the selective delivery of the therapeutic gene. In an alternative approach to the derivation of cancer cell-specific vectors, Ad vectors have been targeted at the level of transcription by placing the therapeutic gene under the control of transcriptional regulatory sequences that are activated in tumor cells, but not in normal cells, and therefore target expression selectively to the tumor cell. In this report, we demonstrate that a higher degree of specificity for cancer cells can be achieved by combining the complementary approaches of transductional and transcriptional targeting, each of which is imperfect or "leaky" by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Barnett
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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25
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Cichoń T, Jamrozy L, Glogowska J, Missol-Kolka E, Szala S. Electrotransfer of gene encoding endostatin into normal and neoplastic mouse tissues: inhibition of primary tumor growth and metastatic spread. Cancer Gene Ther 2002; 9:771-7. [PMID: 12189527 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2002] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation-mediated gene transfer relies upon direct delivery of plasmids into cells permeabilized by electric fields, a method more efficient than transfer using nonviral vectors, although neither approaches the transfer efficiency of viral vectors. Here we studied electrotransfer of a gene encoding an angiogenesis inhibitor (endostatin) into primary tumors and muscle tissues, which would serve as a site of synthesis and secretion into the bloodstream of a therapeutic antimetastatic protein with systemic effects. Optimum electroporation conditions (voltage, number and duration of impulses, separation of caliper electrodes) were first established to maximize expression of a reporter gene transferred into murine Renca kidney carcinoma, B16(F10) melanoma, or skeletal muscle tissues. In neoplastic tissues, electrotransfer of plasmid DNA was far more efficient than electroporation with lipoplexes, but no differences between naked DNA and lipoplexes were found in case of electroporated muscles. We then studied the electrotransfer of plasmid DNA carrying the endostatin gene into pre-established experimental Renca tumors. A significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in animals electroporated with this construct. Electrotransfer of the endostatin gene into muscle tissues resulted in reduced numbers of experimental B16(F10) metastases in the lungs. This study clearly shows that electroporation may be used to efficiently transfer antiangiogenic genes into both normal and neoplastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Cichoń
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Gliwice, Poland
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26
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Kim J, Lee B, Kim JS, Yun CO, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Joo CH, Lee H. Antitumoral effects of recombinant adenovirus YKL-1001, conditionally replicating in alpha-fetoprotein-producing human liver cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2002; 180:23-32. [PMID: 11911966 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Selectively replicating recombinant adenovirus has emerged as a novel strategy for the treatment of incurable human cancers. One of the major characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma is the transcriptional reactivation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In this study, we evaluated the liver cancer-specific oncolytic potential of E1B 55kDa-deleted recombinant adenovirus (YKL-1001), which retained other E1 genes driven by the AFP promoter. Transient transfection study using luciferase indicated the selective activation of the AFP promoter only in human liver cancer cells secreting AFP (HepG2, Hep3B). YKL-1001 induced both cytopathic effects exclusively in AFP-positive liver cancer cells and the growth inhibition of pre-established Hep3B xenografts. Finally, hematoxylin-eosin staining and the immunohistochemistry to the adenoviral hexon showed a large distributed necrotic area and this implied a wide spread of YKL-1001. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that YKL-1001 holds significant promise as an oncolytic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Kim
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Ravi M, Hopfinger AJ, Hormann RE, Dinan L. 4D-QSAR analysis of a set of ecdysteroids and a comparison to CoMFA modeling. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2001; 41:1587-604. [PMID: 11749586 DOI: 10.1021/ci010076u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ecdysteroid-responsive Drosophila melanogaster B(II) cell line is a prototypical homologous inducible gene expression system. A training set of 71 ecdysteroids, for which the -log(EC(50)) potencies in the ecdysteroid-responsive B(II) cell line were measured, was used to construct 4D-QSAR models. Four nearly equivalent optimum 4D-QSAR models, for two modestly different alignments, were identified (Q(2) = 0.76-0.80). These four models, together with two CoMFA models, were used in consensus modeling to arrive at a three-dimensional pharmacophore. The C-2 and C-22 hydroxyls are identified as hydrogen-bond acceptor sites which enhance activity. A hydrophobic site near C-12 is consistent with increasing activity. The side-chain substituents at C-17 are predicted to adopt semiextended "active" conformations which could fit into a cylinder-shaped binding pocket lined largely with nonpolar residues for enhanced activity. A test set of 20 ecdysteroids was used to evaluate the QSAR models. Two 4D-QSAR models for one alignment were identified to be superior to the others based on having the smallest average residuals of prediction for the prediction set (0.69 and 1.13 -log[EC(50)] units). The correlation coefficients of the optimum 4D-QSAR models (R(2) = 0.87 and 0.88) are nearly the same as those of the best CoMFA model (R(2) = 0.92) determined for the same training set. However, the cross-validation correlation coefficient of the CoMFA model is less significant (Q(2) = 0.59) than those of the 4D-QSAR models (Q(2) = 0.80 and 0.80).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ravi
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design (M/C-781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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28
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Calbó J, Marotta M, Cascalló M, Roig JM, Gelpí JL, Fueyo J, Mazo A. Adenovirus-mediated wt-p16 reintroduction induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:740-50. [PMID: 11687897 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has long carried poor prognosis. The development of new therapeutic approaches is particularly urgent. Inactivation of the tumor-suppressor gene p16(INK4a/CDKN2), a specific inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, is the most common genetic alteration in human pancreatic cancer, making it an ideal target for gene replacement. Here we transfected tumor cells using a recombinant adenovirus containing the wt-p16 cDNA (Ad5RSV-p16). The overexpression of p16 decreased cell proliferation in all four human pancreatic tumor cell lines (NP-9, NP-18, NP-29, and NP-31). However, G1 arrest and senescence were observed in only three. In contrast, the fourth (NP-18) showed a significant increase in apoptosis. This differential behavior may be related to the differences found in the expression level of E2F-1. Experiments on subcutaneous pancreatic xenografts demonstrated the effectiveness of p16 in the inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that approaches involving p16 replacement are promising in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Calbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Korst RJ, Ailawadi M, Lee JM, Lee S, Yamada R, Mahtabifard A, Crystal RG. Adenovirus gene transfer vectors inhibit growth of lymphatic tumor metastases independent of a therapeutic transgene. Hum Gene Ther 2001; 12:1639-49. [PMID: 11535167 DOI: 10.1089/10430340152528138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) gene transfer vectors traffic to regional lymph nodes (RLNs) after footpad injections in mice, resulting in localized production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). With this background, we evaluated the hypothesis that Ad vector administration may inhibit RLN tumor metastasis independent of the transgene in the expression cassette. Tumors of MM48, a cell line with a propensity toward lymphogenous metastasis, were established in the footpads of syngeneic C3H mice, and E1(-)E3(-) Ad vectors encoding no transgene (AdNull) or encoding an irrelevant transgene (AdCD; Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase with no 5-fluorocytosine administration) were administered (10(10) particles) in a peritumoral location. Both vectors suppressed the growth of tumor in the regional (popliteal) lymph node. This effect was localized to the regional, but not distant, lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Heat inactivation of the vector or decreasing the dose of the vector to 10(9) particles did not suppress RLN growth of the tumor when compared with 10(10) particles of active AdNull (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The ability of an E1(-)E4(-) vector expressing beta-galactosidase (AdRSVbetagal.11) to suppress RLN tumor growth showed that the E4 region of the Ad vector was not responsible for the effect. Blocking either IFN-gamma or natural killer (NK) cells with systemic antibody treatment in immunocompetent mice allowed rapid growth of RLN metastases despite Ad vector administration, and Ad vector injection into the footpads of tumor-free mice induced the accumulation of NK cells in the RLN. These data demonstrate that, in a metastatic murine tumor model, a low dose (10(10) particles) of replication-deficient Ad vectors inhibits RLN metastases independent of a therapeutic transgene, an effect that is mediated, at least in part, by IFN-gamma and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Korst
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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30
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Casado E, Nettelbeck DM, Gomez-Navarro J, Hemminki A, Gonzalez Baron M, Siegal GP, Barnes MN, Alvarez RD, Curiel DT. Transcriptional targeting for ovarian cancer gene therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 82:229-37. [PMID: 11531272 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Though advances in conventional therapies have been achieved, long-term survival rates for most patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer are still low. Therefore, novel molecular therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy are being intensively pursued. Such approaches are based on the enormous progress that has been achieved in the elucidation of the molecular foundations of ovarian cancer. In this regard transcriptional control elements (promoters) of genes frequently upregulated or specifically expressed in tumors can be applied in a heterologous context to drive expression of therapeutic genes in targeted gene therapy strategies. This review discusses transcriptional targeting strategies in ovarian cancer gene therapy and gives an overview of tumor-specific promoters (TSPs) that have been applied for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Casado
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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31
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Cavanagh HM, Dingwall D, Steel J, Benson J, Burton M. Cell contact dependent extended release of adenovirus by microparticles in vitro. J Virol Methods 2001; 95:57-64. [PMID: 11377713 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors remain one of the most promising methods of gene delivery but are plagued by several inherent problems including immune inactivation and transient expression. This paper reports a novel microparticle-based delivery system for adenovirus that allows high uptake of virus, stable complex formation and extended release. In addition, this microparticle/adenovirus complex has been demonstrated to only release virus upon cell contact. The significant clinical implications of this delivery system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Cavanagh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, NSW 2678, Wagga Wagga, Australia.
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