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Roshdy M, Zaky DA, Abbas SS, Abdallah DM. Niacin, an innovative protein kinase-C-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress reticence in murine Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2024; 351:122865. [PMID: 38914304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Niacin (NIA) supplementation showed effectiveness against Parkinson's disease (PD) in clinical trials. The depletion of NAD and endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, but the potential role for NAD precursors on ERSR is not yet established. This study was undertaken to decipher NIA molecular mechanisms against PD-accompanied ERSR, especially in relation to PKC. METHODS Alternate-day-low-dose-21 day-subcutaneous exposure to rotenone (ROT) in rats induced PD. Following the 5th ROT injection, rats received daily doses of either NIA alone or preceded by the PKC inhibitor tamoxifen (TAM). Extent of disease progression was assessed by behavioral, striatal biochemical and striatal/nigral histopathological/immunohistochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Via activating PKC/LKB1/AMPK stream, NIA post-treatment attenuated the ERSR reflected by the decline in ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1s to downregulate the apoptotic markers, CHOP/GADD153, p-JNK and active caspase-3. Such amendments congregated in motor activity/coordination improvements in open field and rotarod tasks, enhanced grid test latency and reduced overall PD scores, while boosting nigral/striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and increasing intact neurons (Nissl stain) in both SNpc and striatum that showed less neurodegeneration (H&E stain). To different extents, TAM reverted all the NIA-related actions to prove PKC as a fulcrum in conveying the drug neurotherapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE PKC activation is a pioneer mechanism in the drug ERSR inhibitory anti-apoptotic modality to clarify NIA promising clinical and potent preclinical anti-PD efficacy. This kinase can be tagged as a druggable target for future add-on treatments that can assist dopaminergic neuronal aptitude against this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna Roshdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Rio Feltrin I, Guimarães da Silva A, Rocha CC, Ferraz PA, da Silva Rosa PM, Martins T, Coelho da Silveira J, Oliveira ML, Binelli M, Pugliesi G, Membrive CMB. Effects of 17β-estradiol on the uterine luteolytic cascade in bovine females at the end of diestrus. Theriogenology 2024; 213:1-10. [PMID: 37783065 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In cattle, 17β-estradiol (E2) is essential for triggering luteolysis via the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). We aimed to evaluate the effects of E2-treatment on day 15 of the estrous cycle on the transcript abundance of genes involved in the PGF2α synthetic cascade. Nelore heifers (N = 50) were subjected to a hormonal protocol for the synchronization of ovulation. Between days 14 and 23 after estrus, the area (cm2) and blood perfusion (%) of the corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone (P4) plasma concentrations were evaluated daily. On day 15, the heifers were assigned to the Control (2 mL of pure sesame oil, N = 21) or Estradiol group (1 mg of E2 diluted in 2 mL of sesame oil, N = 23). After the treatments at 0 h, uterine biopsies were collected at times 1.5 h (C1.5h, N = 8 and E1.5h, N = 10) or 3 h (C3h, N = 8 and E3h, N = 11); and blood samples were obtained from 0, 3, 4, 6 and 7 h for the measurement of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM) concentrations by ELISA. Transcript abundance was determined by RT-qPCR and protein abundance of ESRβ and OXTR was determined by Western Blotting. The Estradiol group showed greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of PGFM at 6 and 7 h compared to the Control group. A progressive decrease in plasma P4 concentrations characterized a hastened functional luteolysis, followed by structural luteolysis in the Estradiol group (P < 0.05). Among the treatment groups, no significant difference was detected for the abundance of PRKCα, PRKCβ, AKR1B1, PTGS2 and ESRα transcripts (P > 0.05). Estradiol treatment decreased the abundance of PLA2G4A, AKR1C4, and ESRβ both 1.5h and 3h after treatment (P < 0.05). The relative expression of PGR and OXTR was greater in E3h compared to the C3h (P > 0.05). Protein abundance did not differ between treatment groups at either experimental times (P > 0.05). Overall, E2 promoted an increase in PGFM concentrations and the hastening of functional and structural luteolysis in Nelore heifers through the upregulation of PGR and OXTR, demonstrating for the first time that the expression of these receptors within 3 h after E2 stimulus was associated with triggering luteolysis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rio Feltrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Maria da Silva Rosa
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martins
- Departament of Animal and Dairy Sciences and Brown Loam Experiment Station, Mississipi State University, Raymond, Mississipi, USA
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Lopes Oliveira
- Agrarian Sciences Center, State University of Maranhão Tocantins Region, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida - UF, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira ML, Mello BP, Gonella-Diaza AM, Scolari SC, Pugliesi G, Martins T, Feltrin IR, Sartori R, Canavessi AMO, Binelli M, Membrive CMB. Unravelling the role of 17β-estradiol on advancing uterine luteolytic cascade in cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106653. [PMID: 34455235 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In cattle, 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulates prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthesis, which causes luteolysis. Except for the well-established upregulation of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), molecular mechanisms of E2-induced PGF2α release in vivo remain unknown. We hypothesized that E2-induced PGF2α release requires de novo transcription of components of the PGF2α synthesis machinery. Beef cows (n = 52) were assigned to remain untreated (Control; n = 10), to receive 50% ethanol infusion intravenously (Placebo; n = 21), or 3 mg E2 in 50% ethanol infusion intravenously (Estradiol; n = 21) on day 15 (D15) after estrus. We collected a single endometrial biopsy per animal at the time of the treatment (0h; Control B0h group), 4 hours (4h; Placebo B4h group and Estradiol B4h group), or 7 hours (7h; Placebo B7h group and Estradiol B7h group) post-treatment. Compared to the Placebo group, the Estradiol group presented significantly greater 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α concentrations between 4h and 7h and underwent earlier luteolysis. At 4h, the qPCR analysis showed a lower abundance of ESR1, ESR2 and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) genes in the Estradiol B4h group, and a greater abundance of OXTR compared to the Placebo B4h group. Similarly, the E2 treatment significantly reduced the abundance of AKR1B1, and AKR1C4 in the Estradiol B7h group, compared to the placebo group. Overall, E2-induced PGF2α release and luteolysis involved an unexpected and transient downregulation of components of the PGF2α-synthesis cascade, except for OXTR, which was upregulated. Collectively, our data suggest that E2 connects newly-synthesized OXTR to pre-existing cellular machinery to synthesize PGF2α and cause luteal regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Oliveira
- Agrarian Sciences Center, State University of Maranhão Tocantine Region, 1300 Godofredo Viana St, Center, Imperatriz - MA, 65900-000, Brazil..
| | - B P Mello
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Pirassununga - SP, 13635900, Brazil
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 3925 FL-71, Greenwood, FL 32443, USA
| | - S C Scolari
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Pirassununga - SP, 13635900, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Pirassununga - SP, 13635900, Brazil
| | - T Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - I R Feltrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University, Rubião Júnior District no number, Botucatu-SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - R Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11, Pádua Dias Ave, Piracicaba-SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - A M O Canavessi
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11, Pádua Dias Ave, Piracicaba-SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - C M B Membrive
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, 294-SP Commander João Ribeiro de Barros, 651 Road, Dracena-SP, 17900000, Brazil
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Joshua Cohen D, ElBaradie K, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Sex-specific effects of 17β-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on growth plate chondrocytes are dependent on both ERα and ERβ and require palmitoylation to translocate the receptors to the plasma membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159028. [PMID: 34416391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rat costochondral cartilage growth plate chondrocytes exhibit cell sex-specific responses to 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Mechanistically, E2 and DHT stimulate proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in chondrocytes from female and male rats, respectively, by signaling through protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase C (PLC). Estrogen receptors (ERα; ERβ) and androgen receptors (ARs) are present in both male and female cells, but it is not known whether they interact to elicit sex-specific signaling. We used specific agonists and antagonists of these receptors to examine the relative contributions of ERs and ARs in membrane-mediated E2 signaling in female chondrocytes and DHT signaling in male chondrocytes. PKC activity in female chondrocytes was stimulated by agonists of ERα and ERβ and required intact caveolae; PKC activity was inhibited by the E2 enantiomer and by an inhibitor of ERβ. Western blots of cell lysates co-immunoprecipitated for ERα suggested the formation of a complex containing both ERα and ERß with E2 treatment. DHT and DHT agonists activated PKC in male cells, while AR inhibition blocked the stimulatory effect of DHT on PKC. Inhibition of ERα and ERβ also blocked PKC activation by DHT. Western blots of whole-cell lysates, plasma membranes, and caveolae indicated the translocation of AR to the plasma membrane and specifically to caveolae with DHT treatment. These results suggest that E2 and DHT promote chondrocyte differentiation via the ability of ARs and ERs to form a complex. The results also indicate that intact caveolae and palmitoylation of the membrane receptor(s) or membrane receptor complex containing ERα and ERβ is required for E2 and DHT membrane-associated PKC activity in costochondral cartilage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Khairat ElBaradie
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Chaudhri RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cuenca N, Hadadi A, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Membrane estrogen signaling enhances tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells via estrogen receptor-α36 (ERα36). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7169-81. [PMID: 22247547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling can be activated rapidly by 17β-estradiol (E(2)) via nontraditional signaling in ERα-positive MCF7 and ERα-negative HCC38 breast cancer cells and is associated with tumorigenicity. Additionally, E(2) has been shown to elicit anti-apoptotic effects in cancer cells counteracting pro-apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutics. Supporting evidence suggests the existence of a membrane-associated ER that differs from the traditional receptors, ERα and ERβ. Our aim was to identify the ER responsible for rapid PKC activation and to evaluate downstream effects, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to determine the presence of ER splice variants in multiple cell lines. E(2) effects on PKC activity were measured with and without ER-blocking antibodies. Cell proliferation was determined by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, (MTT) whereas apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation and TUNEL. Quantitative RT-PCR and sandwich ELISA were used to determine the effects on metastatic factors. The role of membrane-dependent signaling in cancer cell invasiveness was examined using an in vitro assay. The results indicate the presence of an ERα splice variant, ERα36, in ERα-positive MCF7 and ERα-negative HCC38 breast cancer cells, which localized to plasma membranes and rapidly activated PKC in response to E(2), leading to deleterious effects such as enhancement of proliferation, protection against apoptosis, and enhancement of metastatic factors. These findings propose ERα36 as a novel target for the development of therapies that can prevent progression of breast cancer in the primary tumor as well as during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaan A Chaudhri
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, USA
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6
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Breu A, Sprinzing B, Merkl K, Bechmann V, Kujat R, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Prantl L, Angele P. Estrogen reduces cellular aging in human mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1563-71. [PMID: 21469181 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocyte aging is associated with cartilage degeneration and senescence impairs the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Estrogen exerts profound effects on human physiology including articular cartilage and MSCs. The present study should analyze the effects of pre- and postmenopausal estrogen concentrations on chondrogenic cells. Physiologic premenopausal concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E(2)) significantly decelerated telomere attrition in MSCs and chondrocytes while postmenopausal E(2) concentration had no significant effects. The estrogen agonist-antagonist tamoxifen did not affect telomere biology, but inhibited the E(2) -stimulated reduction in telomere shortening. E(2) and tamoxifen did not influence cell proliferation, cell morphology, and β-galactosidase staining in chondrogenic cells. E(2) treatment did not affect the telomere-associated proteins TRF1 and TRF2. E(2) had no regulatory effects on the expression rates of the cell cycle regulator p21 and the DNA repair proteins SIRT1 and XRCC5. In spite of reducing telomere shortening in aging MSCs and chondrocytes, estrogen is not able to prevent somatic cells from replicative exhaustion and from finally entering senescence. The fade of telomere shortening under pre- to postmenopausal estrogen concentrations suggests, at least in part, a senescence-dependent cause for the onset of osteoarthritis in women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Breu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Cai M, Yu Y, Feng S, Tao K, Li S, Deng L, Cai Z. TAK-778 induces osteogenesis in ovariectomized rats via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:168-73. [PMID: 20700613 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
TAK-778, a derivative of ipriflavone, has been shown to induce bone growth both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, it has been shown that TAK-778 can enhance osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow cells via an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathway. However, the mechanism by which TAK-778 exerts its effect in vivo has not been determined. Considering the evidence that TAK-778 acts via ER-mediated signaling in vitro, in the present study we tested if TAK-778 induced osteogenesis via an ER-dependent pathway using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. Two weeks after test animals underwent ovariectomy, TAK-778 and/or tamoxifen was administered orally over 3 months. Vehicle-treated and sham-operated rats served as controls. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and sagittal two-dimensional images of the L3 vertebral body were measured. In addition, bone formation rates (BFR) and serum calcium and osteocalcin levels were measured. The results indicated that TAK-778 significantly increased BMD, serum calcium and osteocalcin levels, and BFR when compared to that of the vehicle-treated group. However, tamoxifen, a well-known ER antagonist, clearly inhibited the increase in these parameters induced by TAK-778. In addition, micro-computed tomography scans showed that treatment with TAK-778 increased the structure model index, bone volume/tissue volume, and trabecular thickness parameters and decreased the trabecular separation/spacing in OVX rats. Tamoxifen suppressed these effects when administered in combination with TAK-778. Taken together, the present study showed that TAK-778 enhanced bone formation in OVX rats and that this effect was dependent on an ER-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200027, People's Republic of China
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Kallio A, Zheng A, Dahllund J, Heiskanen KM, Härkönen P. Role of mitochondria in tamoxifen-induced rapid death of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Apoptosis 2008; 10:1395-410. [PMID: 16215679 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-2137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is widely used in chemotherapy of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by estrogen receptor-dependent modulation of gene expression, but recent reports have shown that Tam (especially at pharmacological concentrations) has also rapid nongenomic effects. Here we studied the mechanisms by which Tam exerts rapid effects on breast cancer cell viability. In serum-free medium 5-7 microM Tam induced death of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a time-dependent manner in less than 60 min. This was associated with release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This suggests that disruption of mitochondrial function has a primary role in the acute death response of the cells. Accordingly, bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition, was able to protect MCF-7 cells against Tam. Rapid cell death induction by Tam was not associated with immediate activation of caspase-9 or cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. It was not blocked by the caspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone either. Diphenylene ionodium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, was able to prevent Tam-induced cell death but not cytochrome c release, which suggests that ROS act distal to cytochrome c. The pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 (1 microM) could partly oppose the effect of Tam in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells, but not in estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Pre-culturing MCF-7 cells in the absence of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or in the presence of a low Tam concentration (1 microM) made the cells even more susceptible to rapid death induction by 5 or 7 microM Tam. This effect was associated with decreased levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2. In conclusion, our results demonstrate induction of a rapid mitochondrial cell death program in breast cancer cells at pharmacological concentrations of Tam, which are achievable in tumor tissue of Tam-treated breast cancer patients. These mechanisms may contribute to the ability of Tam therapy to induce death of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kallio
- Department of Anatomy and Medicity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Zhong M, Wike L, Ryaby J, Carney D, Boyan B, Schwartz Z. Thrombin peptide TP508 prevents nitric oxide mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes in the endochondral developmental pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zheng A, Kallio A, Härkönen P. Tamoxifen-induced rapid death of MCF-7 breast cancer cells is mediated via extracellularly signal-regulated kinase signaling and can be abrogated by estrogen. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2764-77. [PMID: 17363451 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is widely used in chemotherapy of breast cancer. It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent modulation of gene expression. In addition, recent reports have shown that Tam also has nongenomic effects. We previously reported induction of a rapid mitochondrial death program in breast cancer cells at pharmacological concentrations of Tam. Here we studied the upstream signaling events leading to mitochondrial disruption by Tam. We observed that 5 mum Tam rapidly induced sustained activation of ERK1/2 in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) and that PD98059 (inhibitor of ERK activation) was able to protect MCF-7 cells against Tam-induced death. These data suggest that activation of ERK has a primary role in the acute death response of the cells. In addition, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) opposed both Tam-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell death, which suggests that EGFR-associated mechanisms are involved in Tam-induced death. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with a prolonged nuclear localization of ERK1/2 as determined by fluorescence microscopy with ERK2-green fluorescent protein construct. 17beta-Estradiol was shown to exert a different kind of temporal pattern of ERK nuclear localization in comparison with Tam. Moreover, 17beta-estradiol was found to oppose the rapid effects of Tam in MCF-7 and T47D cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells, which implies a role for estrogen receptors in the protective effect of estrogen. The pure antiestrogen ICI182780 could not, however, prevent Tam-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that the Tam-induced rapid cell death is primarily ER-independent or mediated by ICI182780 insensitive nongenomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Zheng
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Ma HL, Blanchet TJ, Peluso D, Hopkins B, Morris EA, Glasson SS. Osteoarthritis severity is sex dependent in a surgical mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:695-700. [PMID: 17207643 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of sex hormones in cartilage degradation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in a murine model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). DESIGN Accelerated OA development in mice was induced by transection of the menisco-tibial ligament, which anchors the medial meniscus to the tibial plateau. Intact male and female, and orchiectomized (ORX) male and ovariectomized (OVX) female mouse knee histology were compared for signs of OA following DMM. The effect of testosterone or estrogen addition in vivo was assessed in ORX males in the surgical OA model. RESULTS OA severity was markedly higher in males than females after DMM. OVX females developed significantly more severe OA than control females. ORX males developed significantly less severe OA than control males. When ORX male mice were supplemented with exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the severity of OA was restored to the level experienced by the control male mice. Hip cartilage from mice of both sexes demonstrated similar spontaneous and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) induced proteoglycan (PG) release in vitro. DHT and 17-beta estradiol (E2) did not significantly alter the PG release pattern when supplemented to cartilage cultures of either sex. CONCLUSION Sex hormones play a critical role in the progression of OA in the murine DMM surgical model, with males having more severe OA than females. Intact females had more OA than OVX females, indicating that ovarian hormones decrease the severity of OA in the female mice. Male hormones, such as testosterone, exacerbate OA in male mice as demonstrated by the fact that ORX mice experienced less OA than intact males, and that addition of DHT to ORX males was able to counteract the effect of castration and re-establish severe OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Ma
- Wyeth, Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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12
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McMillan J, Fatehi-Sedeh S, Sylvia VL, Bingham V, Zhong M, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Sex-specific regulation of growth plate chondrocytes by estrogen is via multiple MAP kinase signaling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:381-92. [PMID: 16713447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both male and female rat growth plate cartilage cells possess estrogen receptors (ERs), but 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) activates protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-dependent biological responses to E(2) only in cells from female animals. PKC signaling can elicit genomic responses via mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and E(2) has been shown to activate ERK MAPK in many cells, suggesting that MAPK may play a role in growth plate chondrocytes as well. We tested if E(2) increases MAPK activity and if so, whether the response is limited to female cells, if it is PKC-dependent, and if the mechanism involves traditional ER pathways. We also determined the contribution of MAPK to the biological response of growth plate chondrocytes and assessed the relative contributions of ERK, p38 and JNK MAPKs. Female rat costochondral cartilage cells were treated with E(2) and MAPK-specific activity determined in cell layer lysates. The mechanism of MAPK activation was determined by treating the cells with E(2) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (E(2)-BSA) to assess if membrane receptors were involved; stereospecificity was determined using 17alpha-estradiol; PKC and phospholipase C (PLC) dependence was determined using specific inhibitors; and the ER agonist diethylstilbestrol, the ER antagonist ICI 182780, and tamoxifen were used to assess the role of traditional ER pathways. E(2) regulation of ERK1/2 MAPK was assessed and the relative roles of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAPKs determined using specific inhibitors. E(2) caused a rapid dose-dependent activation of MAPK that was greatest in cells treated for 9 min with 10(-9) M hormone; activity remained elevated for 3 h. E(2)'s effect on MAPK was stereospecific and comparable to that of E(2)-BSA. It was insensitive to DES and ICI 182780, dependent on PKC and PLC, blocked by tamoxifen and it did not require gene transcription or translation. E(2) had no effect on ERK1 or ERK2 mRNA or protein but it caused a rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at 9 min. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK reduced the stimulatory effects of E(2) on alkaline phosphatase activity and [(35)S]-sulfate incorporation. These results suggest that E(2) regulates MAPK through a sex-specific membrane-mediated mechanism that does not involve cytosolic ERs in a traditional sense and that ERK1/2 and p38 mediate the downstream biological effects of the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McMillan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, 30332, USA
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Sawathiparnich P, Osuwanaratana P, Santiprabhob J, Likitmaskul S. Tamoxifen improved final height prediction in a girl with McCune-Albright syndrome: patient report and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:81-6. [PMID: 16509532 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2006.19.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots on the skin and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bones. Treatment of precocious puberty (PP) in MAS should be considered in patients with poor predicted adult height (PAH). Treatment of gonadotropin-independent PP in MAS with ketoconazole, cyproterone acetate or testolactone, an aromatase inhibitor, does not appear to be always effective in slowing bon. maturation. We report here a Thai girl with MAS who received tamoxifen, one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators, for the management of advanced puberty and rapid bone maturation. Her pubertal progression, vaginal bleeding, growth rate and PAH improved during treatment with tamoxifen despite persistently elevated serum estradiol levels and an enlarged ovarian cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pairunyar Sawathiparnich
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kinney RC, Schwartz Z, Week K, Lotz MK, Boyan BD. Human articular chondrocytes exhibit sexual dimorphism in their responses to 17beta-estradiol. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005; 13:330-7. [PMID: 15780646 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/11/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The higher incidence of osteoarthritis in females suggests that there may be intrinsic sex-specific differences in human articular chondrocytes. 17beta-Estradiol (E2) regulates rat growth plate chondrocytes through traditional nuclear receptor mechanisms, but only female cells exhibit rapid membrane-associated effects mediated through protein kinase C (PKC) alpha. Here we demonstrate sexual dimorphism in the physiological response of human articular chondrocytes to E2. METHODS Articular chondrocytes were obtained at the time of autopsy from three male and three female donors between 16 and 39 years of age. Second passage cultures were treated with E2 for 24 h to assess the effects of the hormone on [3H]-thymidine incorporation, [35S]-sulfate incorporation, and alkaline phosphatase specific activity. In addition, the chondrocytes were treated for 3, 9, 90 or 270 min and PKC specific activity was determined. RESULTS All chondrocytes were positive for aggrecan and estrogen receptor alpha mRNAs but were negative for type II collagen mRNA. Only cells from female donors responded to E2. DNA synthesis, sulfate incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity were increased. E2 caused a rapid increase in PKC activity in the female cells within 9 min that was maximal at 90 min. Treatment with the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine blocked these effects. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first definitive evidence that normal human cells exhibit an intrinsic sex-specific response to E2 and suggest that sexual dimorphism may be an important variable in assessing the pathways that modulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Kinney
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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15
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Rosa AL, Beloti MM. TAK-778 enhances osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow cells via an estrogen-receptor-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:749-55. [PMID: 14991766 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
TAK-778, a derivative of ipriflavone, has been shown to induce bone growth in in vitro and in vivo models. However, there are no studies evaluating by which mechanism TAK-778 exerts its effect. Considering the evidences that its precursors act via classical estrogen-receptor (ER)-mediated signaling, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TAK-778 induces osteogenesis in human bone marrow cell culture via an ER-dependent pathway. Cells were cultured in 24-well culture plates at a cell density of 2 x 10(4) cells/well in culture medium containing: TAK-778 (10(-5) M), Tamoxifen (10(-5) M), TAK-778 (10(-5) M) + Tamoxifen (10(-5) M), and vehicle. During the culture period, cells were incubated at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO(2) and 95% air. At 7, 14, and 21 days, cell proliferation, cell viability, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-like formation were evaluated. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. TAK-778 did not affect cell viability. Cell number was reduced by TAK-778. Total protein content, ALP activity, and bone-like formation were increased by TAK-778. In general, Tamoxifen did not have any effect on cell behavior. However, when cells were cultured in medium containing both TAK-778 and Tamoxifen, the effect of TAK-778 on osteoblast differentiation was inhibited. The present results show that TAK-778 enhances osteoblast differentiation in human bone marrow cell culture, at least in part, via an ER-dependent pathway, since its effect was inhibited by Tamoxifen, a well-known estrogen receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Rosa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Clamp AR, Blackhall FH, Vasey P, Soukop M, Coleman R, Halbert G, Robson L, Jayson GC. A phase II trial of bryostatin-1 administered by weekly 24-hour infusion in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1152-4. [PMID: 14520436 PMCID: PMC2394305 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryostatin-1 is a macrocyclic lactone whose main mechanism of action is protein kinase C modulation. We investigated its activity as a weekly 24-h infusion in recurrent ovarian carcinoma. In all, 17 patients were recruited and 11 had chemotherapy-resistant disease as defined by disease progression within 4 months of last cytotoxic therapy. All were evaluable for toxicity and 14 for response. There were no disease responses and the main toxicity was myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Clamp
- Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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Joseph EK, Levine JD. Sexual dimorphism for protein kinase c epsilon signaling in a rat model of vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Neuroscience 2003; 119:831-8. [PMID: 12809704 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a major dose-limiting adverse effect of many cancer chemotherapeutic agents, such as the vinca alkaloids and taxanes. Recent studies demonstrate sexual dimorphism in second-messenger signaling for primary afferent nociceptor sensitization, and a role of second messengers in the models of metabolic and toxic painful peripheral neuropathies. This study tested the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism alters the severity and second-messenger signaling pathways for enhanced nociception in an animal model of vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy.I.V. injection of vincristine induced mechanical hyperalgesia that was greater in female rats. Gonadectomy in the females but not the males abolished the sex-dependent difference in mechanical hyperalgesia; this effect of gonadectomy in females was reversed by estrogen replacement. Inhibition of protein kinase C epsilon (PKC epsilon ) attenuated vincristine-induced hyperalgesia in males and ovariectomized females, but not in normal females or in estrogen-replaced ovariectomized females. Inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase G, p42 / p44-mitogen activated protein kinase and nitric oxide synthase also attenuated vincristine-induced hyperalgesia, but to a similar degree in both sexes. These data demonstrate an estrogen-dependent sexual dimorphism in vincristine-induced hyperalgesia (female>male) and an unexpected opposite sexual dimorphism in the contribution of PKC epsilon to the severity of this hyperalgesia (male>female).
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0440, USA.
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Lehenkari P, Parikka V, Rautiala TJ, Weckström M, Dahllund J, Härkönen PL, Väänänen HK. The effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on bone cells involve changes in plasma membrane ion conductance. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18:473-81. [PMID: 12619932 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.3.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen (Tam) and toremifene (Tor), are widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, they have been demonstrated to prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in postmenopausal women. These effects are thought to be caused by the interaction of the SERMs with the estrogen receptor, although SERMs have also been shown to conduct non-receptor-mediated effects such as rapid changes in membrane functions. We compared the effects of Tam, Tor, and 17beta-estradiol (E2) on the viability of rat osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Both Tam and Tor were found to cause osteoclast apoptosis in in vitro cultures, which was reversed by E2. In addition, at higher concentration (10 microM), both SERMs had an estrogen receptor-independent effect, which involved interaction with the plasma membrane as demonstrated with UMR-108 osteosarcoma cells by Tam and Tor, but not E2. A leak of protons leading to changes in intracellular pH was shown both in medullary bone derived membrane vesicles and in intact cells. These effects were followed by a rapid loss of cell viability and subsequent cell lysis. Our results show that both Tam and Tor have an ionophoric effect on the plasma membranes of bone cells and that these SERMs differed in this ability: Tor induced rapid membrane depolarization only in the presence of high concentration of potassium. These non-receptor-mediated effects may be involved in therapeutic responses and explain some clinical side effects associated with the treatment of patients with these SERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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