1
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Gregoire AM, VoPham T, Laden F, Yarosh R, O'Brien KM, Sandler DP, White AJ. Residential ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107028. [PMID: 34894486 PMCID: PMC8748390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasing due to climate change. While this may result in adverse health consequences such as an increased incidence of skin cancer, UV radiation is also a source of vitamin D, which has been hypothesized to be protective for breast cancer risk. METHODS Using a spatiotemporal kriging model, we estimated residential UV exposure levels for the enrollment addresses (2003-2009) of breast cancer-free women aged 35-74 years participating in the Sister Study and living in the contiguous United States (N = 48,450). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk associated with UV exposure levels (mW/m2) categorized in quintiles. We examined the association for breast cancer overall (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ) and by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the tumor. We considered effect modification by regular (≥4 times/week) vitamin D supplement use. RESULTS Over a median of 10.5 years of follow up, 3,510 incident breast cancer diagnoses were reported. We found no evidence of an association between living in areas with higher levels of UV radiation and overall breast cancer risk (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.11). Higher UV levels were inversely associated with the risk of ER- breast cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99), but not ER+ (HR Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.92-1.18). For ER- breast cancer, the inverse association was only evident in women who did not regularly take vitamin D supplements (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33-0.81) compared with those who did regularly take vitamin D supplements (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68-1.54; p-for-heterogeneity = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study support a role for UV exposure and vitamin D in the etiology of ER- breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson M Gregoire
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rina Yarosh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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2
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Bajbouj K, Sahnoon L, Shafarin J, Al-Ali A, Muhammad JS, Karim A, Guraya SY, Hamad M. Vitamin D-Mediated Anti-cancer Activity Involves Iron Homeostatic Balance Disruption and Oxidative Stress Induction in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766978. [PMID: 34820382 PMCID: PMC8606886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency associates with high risk of breast cancer (BRCA) and increased cellular iron. Vitamin D exerts some of its anti-cancer effects by regulating the expression of key iron regulatory genes (IRGs). The association between vitamin D and cellular iron content in BRCA remains ambiguous. Herein, we addressed whether vitamin D signaling exerts a role in cellular iron homeostasis thereby affecting survival of breast cancer cells. Methods: Expression profile of IRGs in vitamin D-treated breast cancer cells was analyzed using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. After treatment of BRCA cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with the active form of vitamin D, labile iron content, IRGs protein levels, oxidative stress, and cell survival were evaluated. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed several IRGs as well as cellular stress relates genes were differentially expressed in BRCA cells. Vitamin D treatment resulted in cellular iron depletion and differentially affected the expression of key IRGs protein levels. Vitamin D treatment exerted oxidative stress induction and alteration in the cellular redox balance by increasing the synthesis of key stress-related markers. Collectively, these effects resulted in a significant decrease in BRCA cell survival. Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin D disrupts cellular iron homeostasis leading to oxidative stress induction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Sahnoon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Al-Ali
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salman Y Guraya
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Filip-Psurska B, Psurski M, Anisiewicz A, Libako P, Zbrojewicz E, Maciejewska M, Chodyński M, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D Compounds PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 Enhance Anastrozole Activity in Human Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052781. [PMID: 33803480 PMCID: PMC7967212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, the hormonally active vitamin D3 metabolite, is known to exhibit therapeutic effects against breast cancer, mainly by lowering the expression of estrogen receptors and aromatase activity. Previously, the safety of the vitamin D active metabolite (24R)-1,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol (PRI-2191) and 1,25(OH)2D3 analog PRI-2205 was tested, and the in vitro activity of these analogs against different cancer cell lines was studied. We determined the effect of the two vitamin D compounds on anastrozole (An) activity against breast cancer based on antiproliferative activity, ELISA, flow cytometry, enzyme inhibition potency, PCR, and xenograft study. Both the vitamin D active metabolite and synthetic analog regulated the growth of not only estrogen receptor-positive cells (T47D and MCF-7, in vitro and in vivo), but also hormone-independent cancer cells such as SKBR-3 (HER-2-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative), despite their relatively low VDR expression. Combined with An, PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of MCF-7 cells. Potentiation of the antitumor activity in combined treatment of MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice is related to the reduced activity of aromatase by both An (enzyme inhibition) and vitamin D compounds (switched off/decreased aromatase gene expression, decreased expression of other genes related to estrogen signaling) and by regulation of the expression of the estrogen receptor ERα and VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Patrycja Libako
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Ewa Zbrojewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Michał Chodyński
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigl, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.A.); (P.L.); (E.Z.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
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Protein phosphatase 1 in tumorigenesis: is it worth a closer look? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188433. [PMID: 32956763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells take advantage of signaling cascades to meet their requirements for sustained growth and survival. Cell signaling is tightly controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation mechanisms, which require the counterbalanced action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Imbalances on this system are associated with cancer development and progression. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is one of the most relevant protein phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. Despite the widely recognized involvement of PP1 in key biological processes, both in health and disease, its relevance in cancer has been largely neglected. Here, we provide compelling evidence that support major roles for PP1 in tumorigenesis.
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5
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Shaurova T, Dy GK, Battaglia S, Hutson A, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lovly CM, Seshadri M, Goodrich DW, Johnson CS, Hershberger PA. Vitamin D3 Metabolites Demonstrate Prognostic Value in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma and Can be Deployed to Oppose Acquired Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030675. [PMID: 32183160 PMCID: PMC7140110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) are the standard of care treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Although initially effective, EGFR TKIs are not curative. Disease inevitably relapses due to acquired drug resistance. We hypothesized that vitamin D metabolites could be used with EGFR TKIs to prevent therapeutic failure. To test this idea, we investigated the link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD that received EGFR TKIs (erlotinib n = 20 and afatinib n = 1). Patients who were 25(OH)D3-sufficient experienced significantly longer benefit from EGFR TKI therapy (mean 14.5 months) than those with 25(OH)D3 insufficiency (mean 10.6 months, p = 0.026). In contrast, 25(OH)D3 had no prognostic value in patients with KRAS-mutant LUAD that received cytotoxic chemotherapy. To gain mechanistic insights, we tested 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) activity in vitro. 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted epithelial differentiation and restored EGFR TKI sensitivity in models of EGFR TKI resistance that were associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). 1,25(OH)2D3 was ineffective in a non-EMT model of resistance. We conclude that vitamin D sufficiency portends increased PFS among EGFR-mutant LUAD patients that receive EGFR TKIs, and that vitamin D signaling maintains drug efficacy in this specific patient subset by opposing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Shaurova
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (D.W.G.); (C.S.J.)
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Letian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (D.W.G.); (C.S.J.)
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Y.Z.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Y.Z.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (D.W.G.); (C.S.J.)
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (D.W.G.); (C.S.J.)
| | - Pamela A Hershberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (T.S.); (L.Z.); (D.W.G.); (C.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-1697
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6
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Nagata A, Akagi Y, Asano L, Kotake K, Kawagoe F, Mendoza A, Masoud SS, Usuda K, Yasui K, Takemoto Y, Kittaka A, Nagasawa K, Uesugi M. Synthetic Chemical Probes That Dissect Vitamin D Activities. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2851-2858. [PMID: 31618573 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 metabolites are capable of controlling gene expression in mammalian cells through two independent pathways: vitamin D receptor (VDR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathways. In the present study, we dissect the complex biological activity of vitamin D by designing synthetic vitamin D3 analogs specific for VDR or SREBP pathway, i.e., a VDR activator that lacks SREBP inhibitory activity, or an SREBP inhibitor devoid of VDR activity. These synthetic vitamin D probes permitted identification of one of the vitamin D-responsive genes, Soat1, as an SREBP-suppressed gene. The chemical probes developed in the present study may prove useful in dissecting the intricate interplay of vitamin D actions, thereby providing insights into how vitamin D target genes are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nagata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | | | - Shadi Sedghi Masoud
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kosuke Usuda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Yasui
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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7
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Sheng L, Turner AG, Barratt K, Kremer R, Morris HA, Callen DF, Anderson PH, Tarulli GA. Mammary-specific ablation of Cyp24a1 inhibits development, reduces proliferation and increases sensitivity to vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:240-247. [PMID: 30654105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) has been shown to regulate numerous cell processes in mammary cells. Degradation of 1,25(OH)2D is initiated by the mitochondrial enzyme, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24 A1), and provides local control of 1,25(OH)2D bioactivity. Several reports of the association between elevated CYP24 A1 activity and breast cancer incidence, suggest that CYP24 A1 may be a target for therapeutic intervention. Whether CYP24 A1 activity within the mammary epithelium regulates 1,25(OH)2D levels and mammary gland development is yet to shown. We have used a conditional knockout of the Cyp24a1 gene specifically in the mammary epithelium to demonstrate reduced terminal end bud number, ductal outgrowth and branching during puberty and alveologenesis at early pregnancy, by inhibiting proliferation but not apoptosis in both basal and luminal MECs. In vitro study showed increased sensitivity of luminal MECs to lower levels of 1,25(OH)2D with the ablation of Cyp24a1 activity. In summary, Cyp24a1 within MECs plays an important role in modulating postnatal and pregnancy-associated mammary gland development which provides support for inhibiting CYP24 A1 as a potential approach to activating the vitamin D pathway in breast cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Barratt
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Kremer
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David F Callen
- Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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8
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Hemida MA, AbdElmoneim NA, Hewala TI, Rashad MM, Abdaallah S. Vitamin D Receptor in Breast Cancer Tissues and Its Relation to Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER-α) Gene Expression and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-control Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e407-e414. [PMID: 30833174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in breast cancer tissues and its relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) gene expression in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cancerous and normal breast tissues from 40 women with breast cancer were analyzed for quantification of VDR levels and ER-α gene expression. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured in patients with breast cancer and controls by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Patients with breast cancer had serum levels of 25(OH)D significantly lower than normal control subjects. The levels of VDR and ER-α were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissues. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were indirectly and significantly correlated with the tissue levels of both VDR and ER-α gene expression. There was a significant direct correlation between the tissue levels of VDR and ER-α gene expression. The serum 25(OH) D levels, tissue VDR levels, and ER-α gene expression levels were inversely and significantly correlated with breast cancer histopathologic grade. Women with serum 25(OH)D levels ≤ 30 nmol/L, tissue levels of VDR > 5 ng/mL, and tissue levels of ER-α gene expression > 17.7 copies had significantly increased risk for breast cancer incidence. CONCLUSION Women with low serum 25(OH)D levels, high tissue levels of VDR, and ER-α gene expression had increased risk for breast cancer. VDR are upregulated in breast cancer tissues thus it may be used for target therapy especially in hormone-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Hemida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A AbdElmoneim
- Department of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taha I Hewala
- Department of Radiation Science, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Rashad
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Abdaallah
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Beaudin S, Welsh J. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamine Metabolism in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4174-4188. [PMID: 29029014 PMCID: PMC5711383 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic profiling has identified a subset of metabolic genes that are altered by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) in breast cells, including GLUL, the gene that encodes glutamine synthetase (GS). In this study, we explored the relevance of vitamin D modulation of GLUL and other metabolic genes in the context of glutamine utilization and dependence. We show that exposure of breast epithelial cells to glutamine deprivation or a GS inhibitor reduced growth and these effects were exacerbated by cotreatment with 1,25D. 1,25D downregulation of GLUL was sufficient to reduce abundance and activity of GS. Flow cytometry demonstrated that glutamine deprivation induced S phase arrest, likely due to reduced availability of glutamine for DNA synthesis. In contrast, 1,25D induced G0/G1 arrest, indicating that its effects are not solely due to reduced glutamine synthesis. Indeed, 1,25D also reduced expression of GLS1 and GLS2 genes, which code for glutaminases that shunt glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Consistent with reduced entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle, 1,25D inhibited glutamine oxidation and the metabolic response to exogenous glutamine as analyzed by Seahorse Bioscience extracellular flux assays. Effects of 1,25D on GLUL/GS expression and glutamine oxidation were retained in human mammary epithelial (HME) cells that express SV-40 (HME-LT cells) but not in those that express SV-40 and oncogenic H-Ras (HME-PR cells). Furthermore, HME-PR cells exhibited glutamine independence and expressed constitutively high levels of GLUL/GS, which were unaffected by 1,25D. Collectively, these data suggest that 1,25D alters glutamine availability, dependence, and metabolism in nontransformed and preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells in association with cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
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10
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Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds the secosteroid hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 with high affinity and regulates gene programs that control a serum calcium levels, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. A significant focus has been to exploit the VDR in cancer settings. Although preclinical studies have been strongly encouraging, to date clinical trials have delivered equivocal findings that have paused the clinical translation of these compounds. However, it is entirely possible that mining of genomic data will help to refine precisely what are the key anticancer actions of vitamin D compounds and where these can be used most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3221 Gallows Road, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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11
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El-Shorbagy HM, Mahmoud NH, Sabet S. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in an Egyptian population. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317727738. [PMID: 29022486 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317727738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor are correlated to the breast cancer prevalence in an Egyptian population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism was used to genotype three frequently analyzed vitamin D receptor gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236) and were identified by sequencing analysis. This is the first study that recorded a new single-nucleotide polymorphism in ApaI genotype within an Egyptian population and was registered with the accession number KY859868. The authors found that TC in rs731236, and TG in KY859868 single-nucleotide polymorphism showed significant distribution differences with an increased risk of breast cancer ( p < 0.05, odds ratio = 3.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-13.28 and p < 0.001, odds ratio = 7.05, 95% confidence interval: 2.02-24, respectively) compared with the wild-type TT genotype carriers in both single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, the distribution frequencies of haplotypes ACT, GTT, and ATT in the patients group were significant, where ATT haplotype was associated with the highest breast cancer risk among all other haplotypes in the patients group ( p = 0.0023, odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-2.437). In conclusion, vitamin D receptors ApaI and TaqI confer high breast cancer susceptibility, particularly in Egyptians females carrying haplotype ATT. However, further studies focusing on the vitamin D receptor variants and haplotypes effects on vitamin D and vitamin D receptor concentrations, activities, and functionalities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada H Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Campbell MJ. Bioinformatic approaches to interrogating vitamin D receptor signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:3-13. [PMID: 28288905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioinformatics applies unbiased approaches to develop statistically-robust insight into health and disease. At the global, or "20,000 foot" view bioinformatic analyses of vitamin D receptor (NR1I1/VDR) signaling can measure where the VDR gene or protein exerts a genome-wide significant impact on biology; VDR is significantly implicated in bone biology and immune systems, but not in cancer. With a more VDR-centric, or "2000 foot" view, bioinformatic approaches can interrogate events downstream of VDR activity. Integrative approaches can combine VDR ChIP-Seq in cell systems where significant volumes of publically available data are available. For example, VDR ChIP-Seq studies can be combined with genome-wide association studies to reveal significant associations to immune phenotypes. Similarly, VDR ChIP-Seq can be combined with data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to infer the impact of VDR target genes in cancer progression. Therefore, bioinformatic approaches can reveal what aspects of VDR downstream networks are significantly related to disease or phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 536 Parks Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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13
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Vitamin D status, receptor gene BsmI (A/G) polymorphism and breast cancer in a group of Egyptian females. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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14
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Application of vitamin D and vitamin D analogs in acute myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 50:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kızılkan MP, Akgül S, Akbıyık F, Derman O, Kanbur N. Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Adolescents with Pubertal Gynecomastia. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:333-337. [PMID: 27920626 PMCID: PMC5122993 DOI: 10.1159/000451074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since vitamin D has an inhibitory function on ductal morphogenesis of the pubertal mammary gland, it may have a role in the development of gynecomastia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the development of pubertal gynecomastia. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels in 50 adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia and 54 healthy controls between the ages of 11 and 17 years were compared. RESULTS Mean 25D level was 14.03 ± 6.38 (5.0-32.5) ng/ml in the pubertal gynecomastia group and 15.19 ± 6.49 (5.0-33.2) ng/ml in the control group (p = 0.361). According to the vitamin D status classification of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 66% of the pubertal gynecomastia group was found to be deficient and 14% were insufficient. In the control group these values were 53.7% and 29.6%, respectively (p = 0.158). CONCLUSION From our results we hypothesize that, rather than low serum levels of 25D, a dysregulation of the vitamin D signal pathway, vitamin D metabolism or vitamin D storage within the mammary tissue might be the contributing factors to the development of gynecomastia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Pehlivantürk Kızılkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbıyık
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Derman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
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Eliassen AH, Warner ET, Rosner B, Collins LC, Beck AH, Quintana LM, Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Followed over 20 Years. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5423-30. [PMID: 27530324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence supports a protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Whether plasma 25(OH)D interacts with breast tumor expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXR) has not been investigated. We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study, with 1,506 invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood donation in 1989-1990, 417 of whom donated a second sample in 2000-2002. VDR and RXR expression were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor microarrays (n = 669 cases). Multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were not associated with breast cancer risk overall [top (≥32.7 ng/mL) vs. bottom (<17.2 ng/mL) quintile RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.13; P trend = 0.21]. 25(OH)D measured in summer (May-October) was significantly inversely associated with risk (top vs. bottom quintile RR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94; P trend = 0.01); winter levels (November-April) were not (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75-1.60; P trend = 0.64; P interaction = 0.03). 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with risk of tumors with high expression of stromal nuclear VDR [≥30 ng/mL vs. <30 ng/mL RR (95% CI): VDR ≥ median = 0.67 (0.48-0.93); VDR < median = 0.98 (0.72-1.35), P heterogeneity = 0.12] and significantly stronger for summer measures (P heterogeneity = 0.01). Associations were not significantly different by RXR expression. No overall association was observed between plasma 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk. However, our results suggest women with high, compared with low, plasma 25(OH)D levels in the summer have a reduced breast cancer risk, and plasma 25(OH)D may be inversely associated with risk of tumors expressing high levels of VDR. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5423-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liza M Quintana
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Verardo LL, Silva FF, Lopes MS, Madsen O, Bastiaansen JWM, Knol EF, Kelly M, Varona L, Lopes PS, Guimarães SEF. Revealing new candidate genes for reproductive traits in pigs: combining Bayesian GWAS and functional pathways. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:9. [PMID: 26830357 PMCID: PMC4736284 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reproductive traits such as number of stillborn piglets (SB) and number of teats (NT) have been evaluated in many genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Most of these GWAS were performed under the assumption that these traits were normally distributed. However, both SB and NT are discrete (e.g. count) variables. Therefore, it is necessary to test for better fit of other appropriate statistical models based on discrete distributions. In addition, although many GWAS have been performed, the biological meaning of the identified candidate genes, as well as their functional relationships still need to be better understood. Here, we performed and tested a Bayesian treatment of a GWAS model assuming a Poisson distribution for SB and NT in a commercial pig line. To explore the biological role of the genes that underlie SB and NT and identify the most likely candidate genes, we used the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to collect related genes and generated gene-transcription factor (TF) networks. Results Comparisons of the Poisson and Gaussian distributions showed that the Poisson model was appropriate for SB, while the Gaussian was appropriate for NT. The fitted GWAS models indicated 18 and 65 significant SNPs with one and nine quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions within which 18 and 57 related genes were identified for SB and NT, respectively. Based on the related TF, we selected the most representative TF for each trait and constructed a gene-TF network of gene-gene interactions and identified new candidate genes. Conclusions Our comparative analyses showed that the Poisson model presented the best fit for SB. Thus, to increase the accuracy of GWAS, counting models should be considered for this kind of trait. We identified multiple candidate genes (e.g. PTP4A2, NPHP1, and CYP24A1 for SB and YLPM1, SYNDIG1L, TGFB3, and VRTN for NT) and TF (e.g. NF-κB and KLF4 for SB and SOX9 and ELF5 for NT), which were consistent with known newborn survival traits (e.g. congenital heart disease in fetuses and kidney diseases and diabetes in the mother) and mammary gland biology (e.g. mammary gland development and body length). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0189-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Verardo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570000, Brazil. .,Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabyano F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570000, Brazil.
| | - Marcos S Lopes
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Topigs Norsvin, Research Center, 6641 SZ, Beuningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John W M Bastiaansen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Egbert F Knol
- Topigs Norsvin, Research Center, 6641 SZ, Beuningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mathew Kelly
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Luis Varona
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Paulo S Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570000, Brazil.
| | - Simone E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570000, Brazil.
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Raven LA, Cocks BG, Kemper KE, Chamberlain AJ, Vander Jagt CJ, Goddard ME, Hayes BJ. Targeted imputation of sequence variants and gene expression profiling identifies twelve candidate genes associated with lactation volume, composition and calving interval in dairy cattle. Mamm Genome 2015; 27:81-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Long MD, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Campbell MJ. Vitamin D receptor and RXR in the post-genomic era. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:758-66. [PMID: 25335912 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the elucidation of the human genome and components of the epigenome, it is timely to revisit what is known of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function. Early transcriptomic studies using microarray approaches focused on the protein coding mRNA that were regulated by the VDR, usually following treatment with ligand. These studies quickly established the approximate size and surprising diversity of the VDR transcriptome, revealing it to be highly heterogenous and cell type and time dependent. Investigators also considered VDR regulation of non-protein coding RNA and again, cell and time dependency was observed. Attempts to integrate mRNA and miRNA regulation patterns are beginning to reveal patterns of co-regulation and interaction that allow for greater control of mRNA expression, and the capacity to govern more complex cellular events. Alternative splicing in the trasncriptome has emerged as a critical process in transcriptional control and there is evidence of the VDR interacting with components of the splicesome. ChIP-Seq approaches have proved to be pivotal to reveal the diversity of the VDR binding choices across cell types and following treatment, and have revealed that the majority of these are non-canonical in nature. The underlying causes driving the diversity of VDR binding choices remain enigmatic. Finally, genetic variation has emerged as important to impact the transcription factor affinity towards genomic binding sites, and recently the impact of this on VDR function has begun to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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20
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Vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:187-203. [PMID: 25421379 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of vitamin D-pathway genetic variants in relation to cancer risk have been inconsistent. We examined the associations between vitamin D-related genetic polymorphisms, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and breast cancer risk. METHODS In a population-based case-control study of 967 incident breast cancer cases and 993 controls, we genotyped 25 polymorphisms encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and vitamin D-binding protein (GC) and measured plasma 25(OH)D. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6068816 was associated with a 72 % reduction in breast cancer risk (TT vs. CC, OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.10-0.76; p trend = 0.01), but for rs13038432, the 46 % decrease included the null value (GG vs. AA, OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.17-1.67; p trend = 0.03). Increased risk that included the null value was noted for CYP24A1 rs3787557 (CC vs. TT, OR 1.34, 95 % CI 0.92-1.89). The VDR polymorphism, TaqI (rs731236), was associated with a 26 % risk reduction (TT vs. CC, OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.56-0.98; p trend = 0.01). For other polymorphisms, ORs were weak and included the null value. The inverse association for plasma 25(OH)D with breast cancer was more pronounced (OR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.27-0.68) among women with the common allele for CYP24A1, rs927650 (p for interaction on a multiplicative scale = 0.01). CONCLUSION Breast cancer risk may be associated with specific vitamin D-related polymorphisms, particularly CYP24A1. Genetic variation in the vitamin D pathway should be considered when designing potential intervention strategies with vitamin D supplementation.
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Marchwicka A, Cebrat M, Sampath P, Snieżewski L, Marcinkowska E. Perspectives of differentiation therapies of acute myeloid leukemia: the search for the molecular basis of patients' variable responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d and vitamin d analogs. Front Oncol 2014; 4:125. [PMID: 24904835 PMCID: PMC4034350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy of cancer is ~40 years old. Despite many encouraging results obtained in laboratories, both in vitro and in vivo studies, the only really successful clinical application of differentiation therapy was all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA, which induces granulocytic differentiation of APL leukemic blasts, has revolutionized the therapy of this disease by converting it from a fatal to a curable one. However, ATRA does not work for other acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells, the idea of treating other AMLs with vitamin D analogs (VDAs) was widely accepted. Also, some types of solid cancers responded to in vitro applied VDAs, and hence it was postulated that VDAs can be used in many clinical applications. However, early clinical trials in which cancer patients were treated either with 1,25D or with VDAs, did not lead to conclusive results. In order to search for a molecular basis of such unpredictable responses of AML patients toward VDAs, we performed ex vivo experiments using patient’s blast cells. Experiments were also performed using 1,25D-responsive and 1,25D-non-responsive cell lines, to study their mechanisms of resistance toward 1,25D-induced differentiation. We found that one of the possible reasons might be due to a very low expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in resistant cells, which can be increased by exposing the cells to ATRA. Our considerations concerning the molecular mechanism behind the low VDR expression and its regulation by ATRA are reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Preetha Sampath
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz Snieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Campbell MJ. Vitamin D and the RNA transcriptome: more than mRNA regulation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 24860511 PMCID: PMC4030167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The GRCh37.p13 primary assembly of the human genome contains 20805 protein coding mRNA, and 37147 non-protein coding genes and pseudogenes that as a result of RNA processing and editing generate 196501 gene transcripts. Given the size and diversity of the human transcriptome, it is timely to revisit what is known of VDR function in the regulation and targeting of transcription. Early transcriptomic studies using microarray approaches focused on the protein coding mRNA that were regulated by the VDR, usually following treatment with ligand. These studies quickly established the approximate size, and surprising diversity of the VDR transcriptome, revealing it to be highly heterogenous and cell type and time dependent. With the discovery of microRNA, investigators also considered VDR regulation of these non-protein coding RNA. Again, cell and time dependency has emerged. Attempts to integrate mRNA and miRNA regulation patterns are beginning to reveal patterns of co-regulation and interaction that allow for greater control of mRNA expression, and the capacity to govern more complex cellular events. As the awareness of the diversity of non-coding RNA increases, it is increasingly likely it will be revealed that VDR actions are mediated through these molecules also. Key knowledge gaps remain over the VDR transcriptome. The causes for the cell and type dependent transcriptional heterogenetiy remain enigmatic. ChIP-Seq approaches have confirmed that VDR binding choices differ very significantly by cell type, but as yet the underlying causes distilling VDR binding choices are unclear. Similarly, it is clear that many of the VDR binding sites are non-canonical in nature but again the mechanisms underlying these interactions are unclear. Finally, although alternative splicing is clearly a very significant process in cellular transcriptional control, the lack of RNA-Seq data centered on VDR function are currently limiting the global assessment of the VDR transcriptome. VDR focused research that complements publically available data (e.g., ENCODE Birney et al., 2007; Birney, 2012), TCGA (Strausberg et al., 2002), GTEx (Consortium, 2013) will enable these questions to be addressed through large-scale data integration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY, USA
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Bolla NR, Marcinkowska E, Brown G, Kutner A. Retiferols - synthesis and biological activity of a conceptually novel class of vitamin D analogs. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:633-46. [PMID: 24654573 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.898061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothesis that retiferols are a novel class of vitamin D analogs with therapeutic potential has been recently proved. The CD-ring of vitamin D, originated from a steroid precursor, is not necessary for biological activity. The retiferol, disubstituted at C-13, was bound to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) just like the vitamin D hormone [1,25-(OH)2D3]. This finding opens the way for retiferols as a novel class of vitamin D therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review presents the concept of retiferols and their structure evolution. Medicinal chemistry and therapeutic perspective of retiferols are reviewed showing how these vitamin D analogs became a source of potential therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Docking experiments and molecular modeling have shown that positioning of vitamin D analog at the LBD of VDR is not disturbed by deletion of a large portion of the vitamin D, exactly as hypothesized. Twenty years of structural modifications have shown that removal of the CD-ring fragment and regioselective methylation results in an almost complete loss of the undesired calcemic activity of retiferol while gaining the agonistic activity comparable to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3.
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Nan X, Bu D, Li X, Wang J, Wei H, Hu H, Zhou L, Loor JJ. Ratio of lysine to methionine alters expression of genes involved in milk protein transcription and translation and mTOR phosphorylation in bovine mammary cells. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:268-75. [PMID: 24474444 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the optimum ratio of lysine and methionine (Lys:Met) to enhance milk protein concentration in vitro, focusing on the regulation of genes related to the JAK2-STAT5 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. A preliminary dose response study revealed that casein concentration peaked (2.5-2.7 ppm) at a supplemental Lys concentration of 1.2 mM and Met at 0.5 mM. At the peak casein concentration cell proliferation rate also was higher. Furthermore, the expression of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA, JAK2, STAT5, and MTOR was upregulated with both Lys and Met compared with the control. A subsequent experiment was conducted as a 5 × 3 factorial design with supplemental Lys plus Met at different ratios. When the supplemental concentration of Lys was 1.2 mM and Met was 0.4 mM (∼3:1), the concentration of casein peaked. Therefore, we measured gene expression, mTOR protein expression, and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in cultures incubated with 3:1 Lys:Met (Lys&Met). Expression of CSN1S1 and LALBA were the most highly expressed genes (P < 0.01). The upregulation of CSN2, CSN3, CSN1S2 isoforms (P < 0.01) and JAK2, ELF5, mTOR (P < 0.05) was also observed. Total mTOR protein expression was greater (P < 0.05) with Lys alone and also Lys&Met. However, Lys&Met resulted in the greatest (P < 0.05) p-mTOR. Results suggest that peak concentration of casein at a supplemental 3:1 Lys:Met is driven in part via upregulation of the mRNA expression of components of the JAK-STAT and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China; and
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Khan MI, Bielecka ZF, Najm MZ, Bartnik E, Czarnecki JS, Czarnecka AM, Szczylik C. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: current state and future approaches (review). Int J Oncol 2013; 44:349-63. [PMID: 24297042 PMCID: PMC3898813 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem and cause of death worldwide that accounted for 7.6 million deaths in 2008, which is projected to continue rising with an estimated 13.1 million deaths in 2030 according to WHO. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-based death among women around the world and its incidence is increasing annually with a similar tendency. In contrast, renal cell carcinoma accounts for only 3% of total human malignancies but it is still the most common type of urological cancer with a high prevalence in elderly men (>60 years of age). There are several factors linked with the development of renal cell cancer only, while others are connected only with breast cancer. Genetic risk factors and smoking are the factors which contribute to carcinogenesis in general. Some evidence exists indicating that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with both breast and renal cancer; therefore, we put forward the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the VDR gene may influence both the occurrence risks of these cancers and their prognosis. However, the relationship between VDR polymorphisms and these two specific cancers remains a controversial hypothesis, and consequently needs further confirmation via clinical research together with genetic investigations. Here, we aimed to assess the correlation between the different alleles of VDR gene polymorphisms and renal cell cancer and breast cancer risks separately through a systematic review of the present literature. In contrast, this analysis has revealed that some VDR gene polymorphisms, such as: Bsm1, poly(A), Taq1, Apa1, are to some extent associated with breast cancer risk. Other polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with renal cell cancer. Namely, they were Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1 and Apa1, which encode proteins participating mainly in proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. However, data concerning renal cancer are not sufficient to firmly establish the VDR gene polymorphism association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia F Bielecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Z Najm
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy S Czarnecki
- Department of Knowledge Management, Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Milczarek M, Chodyński M, Filip-Psurska B, Martowicz A, Krupa M, Krajewski K, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Diastereomeric and Geometric Analogs of Calcipotriol, PRI-2202 and PRI-2205, Against Human HL-60 Leukemia and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1355-78. [PMID: 24202449 PMCID: PMC3875943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastereomeric and geometric analogs of calcipotriol, PRI-2202 and PRI-2205, were synthesized as advanced intermediates from vitamin D C-22 benzothiazoyl sulfones and side-chain aldehydes using our convergent strategy. Calcitriol, calcipotriol (PRI-2201) and tacalcitol (PRI-2191) were used as the reference compounds. Among a series of tested analogs the diastereomeric analog PRI-2202 showed the strongest antiproliferative activity on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, whereas the geometric analog PRI-2205 was the weakest. Both analogs were less potent in antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells compared to the reference compounds. The ability to potentiate antiproliferative effect of cisplatin or doxorubicin against HL-60 cells or that of tamoxifen against the MCF-7 cell line was observed at higher doses of PRI-2202 or PRI-2205 than those of the reference compounds. The proapoptotic activity of tamoxifen, expressed as the diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the increased phosphatidylserine expression, was partially attenuated by calcitriol, PRI-2191, PRI-2201 and PRI-2205. The treatment of the MCF-7 cells with tamoxifen alone resulted in an increase in VDR expression. Moreover, a further increase in VDR expression was observed when the analogs PRI-2201 or PRI-2205, but not PRI-2191, were used in combination with tamoxifen. This observation could partially explain the potentiation of the antiproliferative effect of tamoxifen by vitamin D analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Milczarek
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 12 Weigla, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.); (B.F.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Michał Chodyński
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, Warsaw 01-793, Poland; E-Mails: (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 12 Weigla, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.); (B.F.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 12 Weigla, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.); (B.F.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Krupa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, Warsaw 01-793, Poland; E-Mails: (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, Warsaw 01-793, Poland; E-Mails: (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, Warsaw 01-793, Poland; E-Mails: (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 12 Weigla, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.); (B.F.-P.); (A.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-713-709-985; Fax: +48-713-709-992
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Khan QJ, Fabian CJ. How I treat vitamin d deficiency. J Oncol Pract 2013; 6:97-101. [PMID: 20592785 DOI: 10.1200/jop.091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in the homeostasis of a variety of organ systems, but its role in prevention of cancer and recurrence-along with necessary blood levels-has yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar J Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Song J, Dong X, Chen Y, Chen G, Liang H, Nakamura H, Yodoi J, Bai J. The expression of thioredoxin-1 in preterm delivery placenta. Redox Rep 2013; 17:187-93. [PMID: 23068965 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preterm delivery (PTD) is the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanism at the molecular level is still unknown. Placental inflammatory response and oxidative stress are associated with PTD. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and the activities of transcription factors. OBJECTIVES The objective was to detect in placental tissues the expressions of TRX-1 and the TRX-1-related molecules: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thioredoxin-1-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), hypoxia inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α), and forkhead box protein O3A (FoxO3A). METHODS PTD was defined as gestation of <37 weeks and term delivery (TD) as ≥37 weeks. The expressions of TRX-1 and TRX-1-related molecules were examined in placental tissues by real-time polymerase chain rection and western blot. RESULTS The expressions of TRX-1, TNF-α, COX-2, HIF-1α, and FoxO3A in the placenta of PTD were significantly higher as compared with TD, but no difference was observed in TBP-2 expression. DISCUSSION These results indicate that TRX-1 may be adaptively induced by the effects of inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting protective roles for TRX-1 against these effects in the placenta of PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Song
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Scarmo S, Afanasyeva Y, Lenner P, Koenig KL, Horst RL, Clendenen TV, Arslan AA, Chen Y, Hallmans G, Lundin E, Rinaldi S, Toniolo P, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R15. [PMID: 23442740 PMCID: PMC3672761 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental evidence suggests a protective role for circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in breast cancer development, but the results of epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Methods We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts, the New York University Women's Health Study and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort. Blood samples were collected at enrollment, and women were followed up for breast cancer ascertainment. In total, 1,585 incident breast cancer cases were individually-matched to 2,940 controls. Of these subjects, 678 cases and 1,208 controls contributed two repeat blood samples, at least one year apart. Circulating levels of 25(OH)D were measured, and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results No association was observed between circulating levels of 25(OH)D and overall breast cancer risk (multivariate-adjusted model OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.76-1.16 for the highest vs. lowest quintile, ptrend = 0.30). The temporal reliability of 25(OH)D measured in repeat blood samples was high (intraclass correlation coefficients for season-adjusted 25(OH)D > 0.70). An inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and breast cancer risk was observed among women who were ≤ 45 years of age (ORQ5-Q1 = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.30-0.79, ptrend = 0.01) or premenopausal at enrollment (ORQ5-Q1 = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.92, ptrend = 0.03). Conclusions Circulating 25(OH)D levels were not associated with breast cancer risk overall, although we could not exclude the possibility of a protective effect in younger women. Recommendations regarding vitamin D supplementation should be based on considerations other than breast cancer prevention.
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Kim JS, Roberts JM, Weigel NL. Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Krishnan AV, Swami S, Feldman D. The potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Steroids 2012; 77:1107-12. [PMID: 22801352 PMCID: PMC3429709 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)), the hormonally active form of vitamin D, inhibits the growth of many malignant cells including breast cancer (BCa) cells. The mechanisms of calcitriol anticancer actions include cell cycle arrest, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition we have discovered new pathways of calcitriol action that are especially relevant in inhibiting the growth of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BCa cells. Calcitriol suppresses COX-2 expression and increases that of 15-PGDH thereby reducing the levels of inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs). Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that calcitriol decreases the expression of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis selectively in BCa cells and in the mammary adipose tissue surrounding BCa, by a direct repression of aromatase transcription via promoter II as well as an indirect effect due to the reduction in the levels of PGs, which are major stimulator of aromatase transcription through promoter II. Calcitriol down-regulates the expression of ERα and thereby attenuates estrogen signaling in BCa cells including the proliferative stimulus provided by estrogens. Thus the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and signaling by calcitriol and its anti-inflammatory actions will play an important role in inhibiting ER+BCa. We hypothesize that dietary vitamin D would exhibit similar anticancer activity due to the presence of the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in breast cells ensuring conversion of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to calcitriol locally within the breast micro-environment where it can act in a paracrine manner to inhibit BCa growth. Cell culture and in vivo data in mice strongly suggest that calcitriol and dietary vitamin D would play a beneficial role in the prevention and/or treatment of ER+BCa in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Feldman
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: David Feldman, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Stanford CA 94305-5103, Fax: 650 725 7085,
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Plasma micronutrients, trace elements, and breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers: an exploratory study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1065-74. [PMID: 22576580 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have evaluated the role of micronutrients or trace elements in breast cancer development among BRCA1 mutation carriers. To investigate a possible role of dietary and environmental exposures on cancer risk, we undertook an exploratory study, using a matched case-control design (n = 48 cases and 96 controls), to evaluate the relationships between plasma levels of 14 micronutrients and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers in Poland. METHODS We estimated the univariate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer associated with plasma levels for each of 14 micronutrients. RESULTS Of the 14 analytes quantified, significant differences between cases and controls were seen for two (iron and retinol; p = 0.009 and p = 0.03, respectively). Women in the highest tertile of plasma iron had a 57 % lower risk, compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI 0.18-1.04; p for trend = 0.06). Increasing antimony levels were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (p for trend = 0.05). Women in the highest tertile had a 2.43-fold increase in breast cancer risk compared with women in the lowest tertile (OR = 2.43; 95 % CI 1.00-5.91). CONCLUSIONS This study provides some preliminary evidence regarding a role of diet, specifically iron and antimony, in the etiology of BRCA1-associated breast cancer. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Peppone LJ, Rickles AS, Janelsins MC, Insalaco MR, Skinner KA. The association between breast cancer prognostic indicators and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:2590-9. [PMID: 22446898 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that women with low vitamin D levels have an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality, but there is a lack of research examining vitamin D levels and prognostic variables in BC patients. The aim of this study is to examine 25-OH vitamin D levels between BC cases and controls and by prognostic indicators among BC cases. METHODS 25-OH vitamin D levels were collected from 194 women who underwent BC surgery and 194 cancer-free (CF) controls at the University of Rochester between January 2009 and October 2010. Mean 25-OH vitamin D levels and odds ratios (OR) were calculated by case/control status for the overall cohort and by prognostic indicators (invasiveness, ER status, triple-negative status, Oncotype DX score, molecular phenotype) for BC cases. RESULTS BC cases had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D levels than CF controls (BC: 32.7 ng/mL vs. CF: 37.4 ng/mL; P = .02). In case-series analyses, women with suboptimal 25-OH vitamin D concentrations (<32 ng/mL) had significantly higher odds of having ER- (OR = 2.59, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.08-6.23) and triple-negative cancer (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.05-9.49) than those with optimal 25-OH D concentrations. Women with basal-like phenotype had lower 25-OH vitamin D levels than women luminal A phenotype (basal-like: 24.2 ng/mL vs. luminal A: 32.8 ng/mL; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS BC patients with a more aggressive molecular phenotype (basal-like) and worse prognostic indicators (ER- and triple-negative) had lower mean 25-OH vitamin D levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological relationship between vitamin D and BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Peppone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, NY, USA.
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Ditsch N, Toth B, Mayr D, Lenhard M, Gallwas J, Weissenbacher T, Dannecker C, Friese K, Jeschke U. The association between vitamin D receptor expression and prolonged overall survival in breast cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 60:121-9. [PMID: 22108646 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411429155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression and survival in a breast cancer patient cohort of 82 breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was possible in 91.5% of the patients (75/82). Staining was evaluated using the semi-quantitative assay according to Remmele and Stegner (immunoreactivity score [IRS]). IRS 0-1 was negative/very low, IRS 2-4 was moderate to high, and IRS 6-12 was high. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's correlation test (p<0.05 significant). Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimations. Only 6 patients had a negative IRS. Moderate IRS values were present in 20 patients. Most of the patients had a high IRS (49). For survival analysis, data were dichotomized (IRS 0-4: negative to moderate and IRS 6-12: high VDR expression). In univariate analysis, VDR expression showed significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients with high IRS scores showed significantly better PFS and OS than patients with moderate/negative IRS scores for VDR expression. Tumor size was significantly correlated to PFS. When analyzed separately, the three different IRS groups showed significant differences in VDR expression. The present data suggest that VDR expression in breast cancer tissue may be of clinical significance, and the results provide evidence that VDR may be a factor with prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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35
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Fabian CJ. Vitamin D and Reduction of Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-011-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zold E, Barta Z, Bodolay E. Vitamin D deficiency and connective tissue disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 86:261-86. [PMID: 21419275 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386960-9.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the evidence linking vitamin D status as a potential environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence continues to accumulate. Beyond that the traditional known metabolic activities, vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune system and has anti-inflammatory properties. The immune-regulatory role of vitamin D affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses contributing to the immune-tolerance of self-structures. Vitamin D deficiency skews the immunologic response towards loss of tolerance. Serum levels of vitamin D have been found to be significantly lower in several autoimmune or immune-mediated diseases than in the healthy population. Experimental animal models and clinical studies show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists can either prevent or suppress symptoms of type 1 diabetes, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erthyematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. The heading aims at reviewing the complex immune-regulatory role of vitamin D from the cellular and humoral level through animal models of autoimmune rheumatic diseases and representing the known contribution of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases. Increased vitamin D intakes might reduce the incidence and severity of autoimmune disorders besides reducing the rate of osteoporotic bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zold
- Division of Clinical Immunology, 3rd Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Wang WLW, Chatterjee N, Chittur SV, Welsh J, Tenniswood MP. Effects of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone on miRNA and mRNA expression in LNCaP cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:58. [PMID: 21592394 PMCID: PMC3112430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies that the biological effects of testosterone (T) on cell cycle and survival are modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in prostate cancer. To investigate the cross talk between androgen- and vitamin D-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, the individual and combined effects of T and 1,25(OH)2D3 on global gene expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells were assessed. Results Stringent statistical analysis identifies a cohort of genes that lack one or both androgen response elements (AREs) or vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in their promoters, which are nevertheless differentially regulated by both steroids (either additively or synergistically). This suggests that mechanisms in addition to VDR- and AR-mediated transcription are responsible for the modulation of gene expression. Microarray analysis shows that fifteen miRNAs are also differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 and T. Among these miR-22, miR-29ab, miR-134, miR-1207-5p and miR-371-5p are up regulated, while miR-17 and miR-20a, members of the miR-17/92 cluster are down regulated. A number of genes implicated in cell cycle progression, lipid synthesis and accumulation and calcium homeostasis are among the mRNA targets of these miRNAs. Thus, in addition to their well characterized effects on transcription, mediated by either or both cognate nuclear receptors, 1,25(OH)2D3 and T regulate the steady state mRNA levels by modulating miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation, generating attenuation feedback loops that result in global changes in mRNA and protein levels. Changes in genes involved in calcium homeostasis may have specific clinical importance since the second messenger Ca2+ is known to modulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell death and cell motility, which affects prostate cancer tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy. Conclusions These data indicate that these two hormones combine to drive a differentiated phenotype, and reinforce the idea that the age dependent decline in both hormones results in the de-differentiation of prostate tumor cells, which results in increased proliferation, motility and invasion common to aggressive tumors. These studies also reinforce the potential importance of miRNAs in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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Eliassen AH, Spiegelman D, Hollis BW, Horst RL, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study II. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R50. [PMID: 21569367 PMCID: PMC3218936 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental evidence indicates vitamin D may play an important role in breast cancer etiology but epidemiologic evidence to date is inconsistent. Vitamin D comes from dietary intake and sun exposure and plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are considered the best measure of vitamin D status. Methods We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). Plasma samples collected in 1996 to 1999 were assayed for 25(OH)D in 613 cases, diagnosed after blood collection and before 1 June 2007, and in 1,218 matched controls. Multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by conditional logistic regression, adjusting for several breast cancer risk factors. Results No significant association was observed between plasma 25(OH)D levels and breast cancer risk (top vs. bottom quartile multivariate RR = 1.20, 95% CI (0.88 to 1.63), P-value, test for trend = 0.32). Results were similar when season-specific quartile cut points were used. Results did not change when restricted to women who were premenopausal at blood collection or premenopausal at diagnosis. Results were similar between estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ and ER-/PR- tumors (P-value, test for heterogeneity = 0.51). The association did not vary by age at blood collection or season of blood collection, but did vary when stratified by body mass index (P-value, test for heterogeneity = 0.01). Conclusions Circulating 25(OH)D levels were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in this predominantly premenopausal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Krishnan AV, Feldman D. Mechanisms of the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions of vitamin D. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:311-36. [PMID: 20936945 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, is being evaluated in clinical trials as an anti-cancer agent. Calcitriol exerts multiple anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and pro-differentiating actions on various malignant cells and retards tumor growth in animal models of cancer. Calcitriol also exhibits several anti-inflammatory effects including suppression of prostaglandin (PG) action, inhibition of p38 stress kinase signaling, and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Calcitriol also decreases the expression of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis in breast cancer, both by a direct transcriptional repression and indirectly by reducing PGs, which are major stimulators of aromatase transcription. Other important effects include the suppression of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. These calcitriol actions provide a basis for its potential use in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. We summarize the status of trials involving calcitriol and its analogs, used alone or in combination with known anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna V Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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Brosseau CM, Pirianov G, Colston KW. Involvement of stress activated protein kinases (JNK and p38) in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced breast cell death. Steroids 2010; 75:1082-8. [PMID: 20654640 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-D(3)) exerts inhibitory effects in breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are associated with 1,25-D(3)-induced cell death in breast cancer. We used three breast cell lines which have different sensitivities to 1,25-D(3) treatment. Non-malignant MCF-12A cells were more sensitive to 1,25-D(3) treatment than malignant MCF-7 cells (growth inhibition IC(50) 75 nM vs. 100 nM, p<0.001) while malignant MDA-MB-231 cells were resistant. Moreover, 1,25-D(3)-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent in MCF-12A cells and caspase-independent in MCF-7 cells. Following MAPK activation analysis, we found a significant activation of JNK in MCF-12A cells and malignant MCF-7 cells in response to 1,25-D(3) treatment. Furthermore, 1,25-D(3) treatment stimulated p38 activity in MCF-12A cells and in MCF-7 cells. ERK1/2 activity was unaffected by 1,25-D(3) treatment in all breast cells. Importantly, no increased MAPK activity was observed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells which displayed resistance to 1,25-D(3)-induced apoptosis. Utilising specific pharmacological inhibitors of JNK and p38, it was demonstrated that MCF-12A and MCF-7 cells were protected from death induced by 1,25-D(3). These results implicate JNK and p38 signalling in 1,25-D(3)-induced cancer breast cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Brosseau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.
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41
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Khan QJ, Kimler BF, Fabian CJ. The relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer incidence and natural history. Curr Oncol Rep 2010; 12:136-42. [PMID: 20425599 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-010-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine action of vitamin D and its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health are well known. The discovery that breast epithelial cells possess the same enzyme system as the kidney, permitting local manufacture of active vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, or 1,25[(OH)(2)D]) from circulating precursors 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], has suggested an autocrine role for vitamin D, as well. Preclinical and ecologic studies support a role of vitamin D in prevention of breast cancer. Correlative study results of vitamin D intake or measurement of 25(OH)D, the long-lived precursor, are mixed but suggest a protective effect in premenopausal women. The large Women's Health Initiative failed to show any reduction in breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women with a modest amount of vitamin D supplementation. Lack of effect, however, may have been related to trial design. A recent report also suggests that vitamin D may reduce breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Finally, vitamin D is being investigated as a means to reduce aromatase inhibitor-induced joint symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar J Khan
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 1104, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA.
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42
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Green AK, Hankinson SE, Bertone-Johnson ER, Tamimi RM. Mammographic density, plasma vitamin D levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:667-74. [PMID: 19960434 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but the underlying biology for this association is unknown. Studies suggest that vitamin D may reduce breast cancer risk and dietary vitamin D intake has been associated with reduced breast density. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort consisting of 463 and 497 postmenopausal cases and controls, respectively. We examined the association between mammographic density and plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]. We assessed whether plasma vitamin D metabolites modify the association between breast density and breast cancer. Percent mammographic density was measured from digitized film mammograms. Generalized linear models were used to determine mean percent breast density per quartile of vitamin D metabolite. Logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risks and confidence intervals. All models were adjusted for matching variables and potential confounders. We found no cross-sectional association between circulating levels of 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)(2)D with mammographic density. Women in the highest tertile of mammographic density and lowest tertile of plasma 25(OH)D had 4 times greater risk of breast cancer than women with the lowest mammographic density and highest plasma 25(OH)D levels (RR = 3.8; 95% CI: 2.0-7.3). The overall interaction between mammographic density and plasma 25(OH)D was nonsignificant (p-het = 0.20). These results indicate that the association between mammographic density and breast cancer is independent of plasma vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal women. Further research examining vitamin D, mammographic density and breast cancer risk is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Green
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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43
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Milani C, Welsh J, Katayama MLH, Lyra EC, Maciel MS, Brentani MM, Folgueira MAAK. Human breast tumor slices: a model for identification of vitamin D regulated genes in the tumor microenvironment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:151-5. [PMID: 20307664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While many studies have addressed the direct effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 on breast cancer (BC) cells, stromal-epithelial interactions, which are important for the tumor development, have been largely ignored. In addition, high concentrations of the hormone, which cannot be attained in vivo, have been used. Our aim was to establish a more physiological breast cancer model, represented by BC tissue slices, which maintain epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, cultured with a relatively low 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 concentration, in order to evaluate the vitamin D pathway. Freshly excised human BC samples were sliced and cultured in complete culture media containing vehicle, 0.5 nM or 100 nM 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h. BC slices remained viable for at least 24 h, as evaluated by preserved tissue morphology in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained sections and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation by 10% of tumor cells. VDR mRNA expression was detected in all samples and CYP24A1 mRNA expression was induced by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in both concentrations (but mainly with 100 nM). Our results indicate that the vitamin D signaling pathway is functional in BC slices, a model which preserves stromal-epithelial interactions and mimics in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Milani
- Departamento de Radiologia, Disciplina de Oncologia, LIM24, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
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44
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Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Gallicchio L, Hartmuller V, Helzlsouer KJ, McCullough ML, Setiawan VW, Shu XO, Weinstein SJ, Weiss JM, Arslan AA, De Vivo I, Gao YT, Hayes RB, Henderson BE, Horst RL, Koenig KL, Patel AV, Purdue MP, Snyder K, Steplowski E, Yu K, Zheng W, Hankinson SE. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of endometrial cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:36-46. [PMID: 20562189 PMCID: PMC2892537 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A nested case-control study, including 830 cases and 992 controls from 7 cohorts, was conducted to evaluate the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the best indicator of vitamin D status, with risk of endometrial cancer. Matching factors included age at blood donation, date of blood donation, and race. Conditional logistic regression was used in the main analysis. The median concentration of 25(OH)D was slightly lower in cases (49.4 nmol/L) than in controls (50.8 nmol/L) (P = 0.08). However, there was no association between 25(OH)D concentration and disease risk, after adjustment for body mass index. Compared with the 50-<75 nmol/L 25(OH)D category, the body mass index-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 1.57) for the <25 nmol/L category and 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.51, 1.58) for the > or =100 nmol/L category (P(trend) = 0.99). Similarly null results were observed after further adjustment for other known risk factors and in stratified analyses. Although an effect of circulating 25(OH)D at high concentrations cannot be ruled out (the highest category of 25(OH)D was > or =100 nmol/L, and for stratified analyses, > or =75 nmol/L), these results do not support a protective role of vitamin D against endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, 10016-3240, USA.
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Krishnan AV, Swami S, Feldman D. Vitamin D and breast cancer: inhibition of estrogen synthesis and signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:343-8. [PMID: 20156557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D, inhibits the growth and induces the differentiation of many malignant cells including breast cancer (BCa) cells. Calcitriol exerts its anti-proliferative activity in BCa cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and stimulating apoptosis. Calcitriol also inhibits invasion, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis in experimental models of BCa. Our recent studies show additional newly discovered pathways of calcitriol action to inhibit the growth of BCa cells. Calcitriol suppresses COX-2 expression and increases that of 15-PGDH thereby reducing the levels and biological activity of prostaglandins (PGs). Calcitriol decreases the expression of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis selectively in BCa cells and the breast adipose tissue surrounding BCa, by a direct repression of aromatase transcription via promoter II as well as an indirect effect due to the reduction in the levels and biological activity of PGE2, which is a major stimulator of aromatase transcription through promoter II in BCa. Calcitriol down-regulates the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and thereby attenuates estrogen signaling in BCa cells including the proliferative stimulus provided by estrogens. We hypothesize that the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and signaling by calcitriol and its anti-inflammatory actions will play an important role in the use of calcitriol for the prevention and/or treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna V Krishnan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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Zarnani AH, Shahbazi M, Salek-Moghaddam A, Zareie M, Tavakoli M, Ghasemi J, Rezania S, Moravej A, Torkabadi E, Rabbani H, Jeddi-Tehrani M. Vitamin D3 receptor is expressed in the endometrium of cycling mice throughout the estrous cycle. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2738-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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García-Becerra R, Díaz L, Camacho J, Barrera D, Ordaz-Rosado D, Morales A, Ortiz CS, Avila E, Bargallo E, Arrecillas M, Halhali A, Larrea F. Calcitriol inhibits Ether-à go-go potassium channel expression and cell proliferation in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:433-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krishnan AV, Swami S, Peng L, Wang J, Moreno J, Feldman D. Tissue-selective regulation of aromatase expression by calcitriol: implications for breast cancer therapy. Endocrinology 2010; 151:32-42. [PMID: 19906814 PMCID: PMC2803154 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis, is critical for the progression of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BCa) in postmenopausal women. We show that calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, regulates the expression of aromatase in a tissue-selective manner. Calcitriol significantly decreased aromatase expression in human BCa cells and adipocytes and caused substantial increases in human osteosarcoma cells (a bone cell model exhibiting osteoblast phenotype in culture) and modest increases in ovarian cancer cells. Calcitriol administration to immunocompromised mice bearing human BCa xenografts decreased aromatase mRNA levels in the tumors and the surrounding mammary adipose tissue but did not alter ovarian aromatase expression. In BCa cells, calcitriol also reduced the levels of prostaglandins (PGs), major stimulators of aromatase transcription, by suppressing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (which catalyzes PG synthesis) and increasing that of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (which catalyzes PG degradation). The mechanism of aromatase down-regulation by calcitriol in BCa cells is therefore 2-fold: a direct repression of aromatase transcription via promoter II through the vitamin D-response elements identified in this promoter and an indirect suppression by reducing the levels of PGs. Combinations of calcitriol with three different aromatase inhibitors (AIs) caused enhanced inhibition of BCa cell growth. The combination of calcitriol and an AI may have potential benefits for BCa therapy. In addition to augmenting the ability of AIs to inhibit BCa growth, calcitriol acting as a selective aromatase modulator that increases aromatase expression in bone would reduce the estrogen deprivation in bone caused by the AIs, thus ameliorating the AI-induced side effect of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna V Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5103, USA
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49
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McCullough ML, Bostick RM, Mayo TL. Vitamin D Gene Pathway Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal, Breast, and Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Nutr 2009; 29:111-32. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tinisha L. Mayo
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Satih S, Savinel H, Rabiau N, Fontana L, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon DJ. Expression analyses of nuclear receptor genes in breast cancer cell lines exposed to soy phytoestrogens after BRCA2 knockdown by TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA). J Mol Signal 2009; 4:3. [PMID: 19442290 PMCID: PMC2687443 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of breast cancers are considered sporadic and modulation of the two major genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 expressions caused by tissue-specific somatic mutations lead to this pathology. The nutritional intake of phytoestrogens seems to reduce the risk of breast cancer and investigation of their potential as anticancer agents has increased. However, the possible mechanisms and signalling pathways of phytoestrogen action in breast cancer prevention remains unknown. Results Using Taqman Low Density Array technology, we investigated the BRCA2 loss of function role in sporadic breast cancers and the links existing with soy isoflavones on a panel of nuclear receptor expression. Human breast cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10a) were transfected by BRCA2-siRNA and treated with genistein (18.5 μM) or daidzein (78.5 μM) for 72 h. Generating the transitory knockdown of BRCA2 oncosuppressor, we observed different modulations in several nuclear receptor genes such as ER, RAR and RXR, as well as PPARs and VDR according to the studied breast cell line. Additional isoflavone treatments showed different nuclear receptor gene modulation profiles. Conclusion Our results seemed to implicate the oncosuppressor BRCA2 and the phytoestrogen pathways in different nuclear gene expressions via an ER-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Satih
- Centre Jean Perrin, Département d'Oncogénétique, CBRV, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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