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Lee J, Hong J, Nam TG, Peters EC, Orth AP, Geierstanger BH, Goldfinger LE, Ginsberg MH, Cho CY, Schultz PG. A small molecule inhibitor of alpha4 integrin-dependent cell migration. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:977-80. [PMID: 18329275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A small molecule inhibitor of alpha4 integrin-dependent cell migration was identified through a cell-based screen of small molecule libraries. Biochemical and cellular experiments suggest that this molecule functions by interacting with gamma-parvin. This molecule should serve as a useful tool to study alpha4 integrin signaling and may lead to new therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkook Lee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions represent a highly populated class of targets for drug discovery. However, such systems present a number of unique challenges. This review presents an analysis of individual protein-protein interaction systems which have recently yielded success in discovering drug-like inhibitors. The structural characteristics of the protein binding sites and the attributes of the small molecule ligands are focused upon, in an attempt to derive commonly shared principles that may be of general usefulness in future drug discovery efforts within this target class.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Fry
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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3
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4
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Brand S, de Candole BC, Brown JA. Efficient synthesis of 3-aminocyclobut-2-en-1-ones: squaramide surrogates as potent VLA-4 antagonists. Org Lett 2003; 5:2343-6. [PMID: 12816444 DOI: 10.1021/ol034701n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of uniquely functionalized 3-aminocyclobut-2-en-1-ones has been prepared by facile condensation of a variety of cyclobuta-1,3-diones with a phenylalanine-derived primary amine. These systems subsequently lend themselves to substitution at C-2 by reaction with a variety of electrophilic reagents including N-halosuccinimides, sulfenyl chlorides, and Eschenmoser's salt. Compounds from this novel series are potent antagonists of VLA-4. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Brand
- Medicinal Chemistry, Celltech Group plc, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, UK
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5
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Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes normally migrate through extravascular spaces in relatively low numbers as important members of the immunosurveillance process. That is until signals are received by endothelial cells that there is an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. These vascular surface cells in turn overexpress and present ligands to circulating lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Upon encountering this higher density of ligands, lymphocytes, which had been leisurely rolling along the vascular surface, now become more firmly attached, change shape, and migrate through tight junctions to the sites of infection or inflammation. If the initiating events are not resolved and the condition becomes chronic, there can be a sustained extravasation of lymphocytes that can exacerbate the inflammatory condition, which in turn will continue to recruit more inflammatory cells resulting in unwanted tissue destruction. It is for the attenuation of this cycle of sustained inflammatory cell recruitment that very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists are being developed. Most lymphocytes, except neutrophils, express VLA-4 on their surface and they interact with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It is this interaction that VLA-4 antagonists are intended to disrupt, thus, putting an end to the cycle of chronic inflammation, which is the hallmark of many diseases. This review will provide an update of VLA-4 antagonists that have appeared since early 2001 and will discuss some of the issues, both positive and negative, that may be encountered in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07090, USA.
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6
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Hull K, Lou JP, Kaplan G, Sheffron A, Chen L, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Huby N, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Cycloalkanoyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2475-8. [PMID: 12161161 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic structure-activity relationship investigation of the lead compound 1 resulted the identification of several N-[(substituted alkyl)cycloalkanoyl]-4-[((2,6-dichlorophenyl)carbonyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. The data are consistent with a model of these compounds in which these alkanoylphenylalanines reside in a compact gauche (-) bioactive conformation.
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7
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Lou JP, Chen L, Kaplan G, Mennona F, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Aroyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2479-82. [PMID: 12161162 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-benzoyl-4-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives was prepared in order to optimize the substitution on the N-benzoyl moiety for VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist activity. Disubstitution in the 2- and 6-positions is favored and a range of small alkyl and halogen are tolerated. A model of the bioactive conformation of these compounds is proposed.
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8
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Kaneko T, Clark RSJ, Ohi N, Kawahara T, Akamatsu H, Ozaki F, Kamada A, Okano K, Yokohama H, Muramoto K, Ohkuro M, Takenaka O, Kobayashi S. Inhibitors of adhesion molecules expression; the synthesis and pharmacological properties of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:922-9. [PMID: 12130850 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a search for novel, orally-active inhibitors of upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we found a new series of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives to be potent ICAM-1 inhibitors. Of these compounds, N-[1-(10H-Pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazin-8-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N',N'-dimethylsulfamide 7p showed the potent oral inhibitory activities against neutrophil migration in a murine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced paw inflammation model. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these amide derivatives are described.
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9
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Chen L, Trilles R, Miklowski D, Huang TN, Fry D, Campbell R, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Tilley JW. Focused library approach for identification of new N-acylphenylalanines as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1679-82. [PMID: 12039589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A structure-based focused library approach was employed in an effort to identify more lipophilic replacements for the N-benzylpyroglutamyl group of the VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist 2. This effort led to the discovery of two new classes of potent antagonists characterized by the N-(alpha-phenylcyclopentanoyl- and the N-(2,6-dimethylbenzoyl)-derivatives 60 and 64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Chen L, Tilley J, Trilles RV, Yun W, Fry D, Cook C, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Campbell R. N-acyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VLA-4 antagonists that mimic a cyclic peptide conformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:137-40. [PMID: 11755339 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-benzylpyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives bearing carbamoyl substituents in the 3- or 4-positions was prepared and assayed for inhibition of the interaction between VCAM and VLA-4. Potent inhibition was observed in a number of analogues with substitution in the 4-position favored over the 3-position. A crystal structure of the key intermediate 25 indicates that it accesses a low energy conformation which closely matches key pharmacophores of a structurally characterized cyclic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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11
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Lin LS, Lanza T, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Kidambi U, Cao J, Egger LA, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, MacCoss M, Hagmann WK. Specific and dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:133-6. [PMID: 11755338 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenylsulfonyl)-(R)-thioprolyl biarylalanine 10a has been identified as a potent and specific antagonist of the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Altering the configuration of thioproline from R to S led to a series of dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), and the N-acetyl analogue 8b was found to be the most potent dual antagonist. A binding site model for alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) is proposed to explain the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus S Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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12
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Synthesis of constrained l -phenylalanine derivatives incorporating a benzazepinone or an azepinone ring as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Tilley J, Kaplan G, Fotouhi N, Wolitzky B, Rowan K. Carbacyclic peptide mimetics as VCAM-VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1163-5. [PMID: 10866372 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of carbon for sulfur in a potent 13-membered cyclic disulfide containing peptide was accomplished via an intramolecular Wittig reaction and resulted in a series of 'carba' analogues. Potency in the VCAM-VLA-4 assay was sensitive to ring size and lower than that of the parent disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tilley
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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14
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Fotouhi N, Joshi P, Tilley JW, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Wolitzky B. Cyclic thioether peptide mimetics as VCAM-VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1167-9. [PMID: 10866373 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective substitution of a sulfur atom by carbon in a highly potent 13-membered cyclic disulfide was accomplished by intramolecular displacement of a bromide. The potency of the resulting thioethers in the VCAM/VLA-4 assay was dependent on ring size and the position of the sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fotouhi
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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