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Sartori A, Bugatti K, Portioli E, Baiula M, Casamassima I, Bruno A, Bianchini F, Curti C, Zanardi F, Battistini L. New 4-Aminoproline-Based Small Molecule Cyclopeptidomimetics as Potential Modulators of α 4β 1 Integrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196066. [PMID: 34641610 PMCID: PMC8512764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α4β1 belongs to the leukocyte integrin family and represents a therapeutic target of relevant interest given its primary role in mediating inflammation, autoimmune pathologies and cancer-related diseases. The focus of the present work is the design, synthesis and characterization of new peptidomimetic compounds that are potentially able to recognize α4β1 integrin and interfere with its function. To this aim, a collection of seven new cyclic peptidomimetics possessing both a 4-aminoproline (Amp) core scaffold grafted onto key α4β1-recognizing sequences and the (2-methylphenyl)ureido-phenylacetyl (MPUPA) appendage, was designed, with the support of molecular modeling studies. The new compounds were synthesized through SPPS procedures followed by in-solution cyclization maneuvers. The biological evaluation of the new cyclic ligands in cell adhesion assays on Jurkat cells revealed promising submicromolar agonist activity in one compound, namely, the c[Amp(MPUPA)Val-Asp-Leu] cyclopeptide. Further investigations will be necessary to complete the characterization of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Kelly Bugatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Portioli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Irene Casamassima
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Agostino Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906040
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2
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Brango-Vanegas J, Martinho LA, Bessa LJ, Vasconcelos AG, Plácido A, Pereira AL, Leite JRSA, Machado AHL. Synthesis of novel sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues to solonamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2544-2551. [PMID: 31728168 PMCID: PMC6839570 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues of solonamides A and B have been synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis and SN2’ reaction on a Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) residue introduced at the N-terminal of a tetrapeptide. This last step takes advantage of the electrophilic feature of the MBH residue and represents a new cyclization strategy occurring. The analogues were prepared in moderate overall yields and did not show toxic effects on Staphylococcus aureus growth and were not toxic to human fibroblasts. Two of them inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, suggesting an interfering action in the bacterial quorum sensing similar to the one already reported for solonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Brango-Vanegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Luan A Martinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Lucinda J Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bíoquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, 420013, Porto, Portugal.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, 4200135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alex L Pereira
- Campus de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, 72220-275, Ceilândia Sul, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
| | - José R S A Leite
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Angelo H L Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
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3
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Jumde VR, Mondal M, Gierse RM, Unver MY, Magari F, van Lier RCW, Heine A, Klebe G, Hirsch AKH. Design and Synthesis of Bioisosteres of Acylhydrazones as Stable Inhibitors of the Aspartic Protease Endothiapepsin. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2266-2270. [PMID: 30178575 PMCID: PMC6282583 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acylhydrazone‐based dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is a powerful strategy for the rapid identification of novel hits. Even though acylhydrazones are important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry, their further progression in development may be hampered by major instability and potential toxicity under physiological conditions. It is therefore of paramount importance to identify stable replacements for acylhydrazone linkers. Herein, we present the first report on the design and synthesis of stable bioisosteres of acylhydrazone‐based inhibitors of the aspartic protease endothiapepsin as a follow‐up to a DCC study. The most successful bioisostere is equipotent, bears an amide linker, and we confirmed its binding mode by X‐ray crystallography. Having some validated bioisosteres of acylhydrazones readily available might accelerate hit‐to‐lead optimization in future acylhydrazone‐based DCC projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha R Jumde
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Milon Mondal
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Gierse
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Yagiz Unver
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Magari
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roos C W van Lier
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heine
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Gori A, Gagni P, Rinaldi S. Disulfide Bond Mimetics: Strategies and Challenges. Chemistry 2017; 23:14987-14995. [PMID: 28749012 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity profile of many biologically relevant proteins and peptides often relies on a precise 3D structural organization. In this context, disulfide bonds are natural covalent constraints that play a key role in driving and stabilizing the folding pattern of these molecules. Despite its prominent significance as structural motif, the disulfide bond itself is inherently unstable under physiological conditions, posing a major limit to the use and development of disulfide-rich peptides and proteins as molecular tools and drug lead compounds. To tackle this restriction, disulfide engineering with stable functional analogues has arisen a considerable interest. Here, the most popular approaches to disulfide replacement are reviewed and discussed with particular emphasis on advantages and limitations under both functional and synthetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
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5
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Harjani JR, Yap BK, Norton RS, Baell JB. An alternative approach to the synthesis of peptides containing a cystathionine bridge. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Aslam NA, Babu SA. Direct lactonization of α-amino γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters via olefin activation: stereo- and regioselective production of homoserine lactone scaffolds having contiguous stereocenters. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Singh SP, Michaelides A, Merrill AR, Schwan AL. A Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (S)-N-Protected Homoserine γ-Lactones from l-Aspartic Acid. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6825-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Alex Michaelides
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - A. Rod Merrill
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Adrian L. Schwan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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8
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Knerr PJ, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Qu H, Chen H, van der Donk WA, Lambris JD. Synthesis and activity of thioether-containing analogues of the complement inhibitor compstatin. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:753-60. [PMID: 21520911 DOI: 10.1021/cb2000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are essential for the structural stability and biological activity of many bioactive peptides. However, these bonds are labile to reducing agents, which can limit the therapeutic utility of such peptides. Substitution of a disulfide bond with a reduction-resistant cystathionine bridge is an attractive means of improving stability while imposing minimal structural perturbation to the peptide. We have applied this approach to the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin, a disulfide-containing peptide currently in clinical trials for age-related macular degeneration, in an effort to maintain its potent activity while improving its biological stability. Thioether-containing compstatin analogues were produced via solid-phase peptide synthesis utilizing orthogonally protected cystathionine amino acid building blocks and solid-supported peptide cyclization. Overall, the affinity of these analogues for their biological target and potent inhibition of complement activation were largely maintained when compared to those of the parent disulfide-containing peptides. Thus, the improved stability to reduction conferred by the thioether bond makes this new class of compstatin peptides a promising alternative for therapeutic applications. Additionally, the versatility of this synthesis allows for exploration of disulfide-to-thioether substitution in a variety of other therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolia Tzekou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Palde PB, Ofori LO, Gareiss PC, Lerea J, Miller BL. Strategies for recognition of stem-loop RNA structures by synthetic ligands: application to the HIV-1 frameshift stimulatory sequence. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6018-27. [PMID: 20672840 DOI: 10.1021/jm100231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of the Gag-Pol polyprotein in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires a -1 ribosomal frameshift, which is directed by a highly conserved RNA stem-loop. Building on our discovery of a set of disulfide-containing peptides that bind this RNA, we describe medicinal chemistry efforts designed to begin to understand the structure-activity relationships and RNA sequence-selectivity relationships associated with these compounds. Additionally, we have prepared analogues incorporating an olefin or saturated hydrocarbon bioisostere of the disulfide moiety, as a first step toward enhancing biostability. The olefin-containing compounds exhibit affinity comparable to the lead disulfide and, importantly, have no discernible toxicity when incubated with human fibroblasts at concentrations up to 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Palde
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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10
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Parallel synthesis of 19-membered ring macro-heterocycles via intramolecular thioether formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Roberts KD, Lambert JN, Ede NJ, Bray AM. Efficient methodology for the cyclization of linear peptide libraries via intramolecularS-alkylation using Multipin™ solid phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:525-32. [PMID: 16710870 DOI: 10.1002/psc.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Methodology is described here for the efficient parallel synthesis and cyclization of linear peptide libraries using intramolecular S-alkylation chemistry in combination with Multipin solid phase peptide synthesis (Multipin SPPS). The effective use of this methodology was demonstrated with the synthesis of a 72-member combinatorial library of cyclic thioether peptide derivatives of the conserved four-residue structural motif DD/EXK found in the active sites of the five crystallographically defined orthodox type II restriction endonucleases, EcoRV, EcoRI, PvuII, BamHI and BglI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade D Roberts
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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12
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13
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Schlosser G, Mezo G, Kiss R, Vass E, Majer Z, Feijlbrief M, Perczel A, Bosze S, Welling-Wester S, Hudecz F. Synthesis, solution structure analysis and antibody binding of cyclic epitope peptides from glycoprotein D of Herpes simplex virus type I. Biophys Chem 2003; 106:155-71. [PMID: 14556904 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(03)00187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclic peptides with a thioether bond have been synthesised corresponding to the 9-22 (9LKMADPNRFRGKDL(22)) sequence of glycoprotein D (gD-1) of Herpes simplex virus. The role of the secondary structure in protein-specific monoclonal antibody recognition was investigated. The sequence selected for this study comprises a strongly antigenic site adopting a beta-turn at residues 14Pro-(15)Asn. Thioether bond was formed between the free thiol group of cysteine or homocysteine inserted in position 11 and the chloroacetylated side chain of lysine in position 18. We report here the preparation of cyclic peptides containing Cys or Hcy in position 11, differing only in one methylene group. The linear precursor peptides were synthesised by Boc/Bzl strategy on MBHA resin, and the cyclisation was carried out in alkaline solution. The secondary structure of the peptides was studied by CD, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The CD and FT-IR data have revealed fundamental changes in the solution conformation of the two compounds. The CH(2) group difference significantly resulted in the altered turn structure at the 12Ala and 13Asp as identified by NMR spectroscopy. The antibody binding properties of the cyclopeptides studied by gD-specific monoclonal antibody (A16) in direct and competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also not the same. We found that peptide LK[HcyADPNRFK]GKDL exhibited higher affinity to Mab A16 than peptide LK[CADPNRFK]GKDL, however, their reactivity was significantly lower compared to the linear ones. Our results clearly show the importance of secondary structure in an antibody binding and demonstrate that even a slight modification of the primary structure dramatically could influence the immune recognition of the synthetic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Schlosser
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 32, Budapest 112, H-1518, Hungary
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14
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Krajewski K, Long YQ, Marchand C, Pommier Y, Roller PP. Design and synthesis of dimeric HIV-1 integrase inhibitory peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3203-5. [PMID: 12951093 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimers of known HIV-1 integrase inhibitory hexapeptide H-His-Cys-Lys-Phe-Trp-Trp-NH(2) containing different lengths of cross linkers in the place of cysteine residue, were designed, and synthesized. The inhibitory potency of these dimeric peptides is consistently higher than the lead hexapeptide. The dimeric peptide with djenkolic acid linker exhibited IC(50) values of 5.3 and 6.5 microM, for 3'-end processing and strand transfer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Krajewski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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15
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Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes normally migrate through extravascular spaces in relatively low numbers as important members of the immunosurveillance process. That is until signals are received by endothelial cells that there is an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. These vascular surface cells in turn overexpress and present ligands to circulating lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Upon encountering this higher density of ligands, lymphocytes, which had been leisurely rolling along the vascular surface, now become more firmly attached, change shape, and migrate through tight junctions to the sites of infection or inflammation. If the initiating events are not resolved and the condition becomes chronic, there can be a sustained extravasation of lymphocytes that can exacerbate the inflammatory condition, which in turn will continue to recruit more inflammatory cells resulting in unwanted tissue destruction. It is for the attenuation of this cycle of sustained inflammatory cell recruitment that very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists are being developed. Most lymphocytes, except neutrophils, express VLA-4 on their surface and they interact with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It is this interaction that VLA-4 antagonists are intended to disrupt, thus, putting an end to the cycle of chronic inflammation, which is the hallmark of many diseases. This review will provide an update of VLA-4 antagonists that have appeared since early 2001 and will discuss some of the issues, both positive and negative, that may be encountered in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07090, USA.
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16
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Kamenecka TM, Lanza T, de Laszlo SE, Li B, McCauley ED, Van Riper G, Egger LA, Kidambi U, Mumford RA, Tong S, MacCoss M, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. N-aryl-prolyl-dipeptides as potent antagonists of VLA-4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2205-8. [PMID: 12127538 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-arylprolyl-dipeptide derivatives as small molecule VLA-4 antagonists is described. Potency against VLA-4 and alpha(4)beta(7) and rat pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed some advantages over the related N-(arylsulfonyl)-prolyl-dipeptide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Kaneko T, Clark RSJ, Ohi N, Kawahara T, Akamatsu H, Ozaki F, Kamada A, Okano K, Yokohama H, Muramoto K, Ohkuro M, Takenaka O, Kobayashi S. Inhibitors of adhesion molecules expression; the synthesis and pharmacological properties of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:922-9. [PMID: 12130850 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a search for novel, orally-active inhibitors of upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we found a new series of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives to be potent ICAM-1 inhibitors. Of these compounds, N-[1-(10H-Pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazin-8-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N',N'-dimethylsulfamide 7p showed the potent oral inhibitory activities against neutrophil migration in a murine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced paw inflammation model. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these amide derivatives are described.
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18
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Lin LS, Lanza T, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Kidambi U, Cao J, Egger LA, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, MacCoss M, Hagmann WK. Specific and dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:133-6. [PMID: 11755338 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenylsulfonyl)-(R)-thioprolyl biarylalanine 10a has been identified as a potent and specific antagonist of the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Altering the configuration of thioproline from R to S led to a series of dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), and the N-acetyl analogue 8b was found to be the most potent dual antagonist. A binding site model for alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) is proposed to explain the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus S Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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19
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Lindman S, Lindeberg G, Gogoll A, Nyberg F, Karlén A, Hallberg A. Synthesis, receptor binding affinities and conformational properties of cyclic methylenedithioether analogues of angiotensin II. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:763-72. [PMID: 11310611 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic 12-, 13- and 14-membered ring angiotensin II analogues related to disulfides but encompassing methylene-dithioether bridges have been prepared. The affinity data from these derivatives were compared to those from the disulfides. The methylenedithioether analogues displayed good binding affinities to rat liver AT1 receptors although in most cases somewhat lower than their disulfide counterparts. One of the methylenedithioethers with a 13-membered ring system demonstrated the highest binding affinity among the thioethers. Theoretical conformational analysis of model compounds of the two series were performed suggesting a similarity between the disulfide and the corresponding methylenedithioether analogues and also between the ring size homologues. This analysis also suggested that some of the model compounds were prone to adopt inverse gamma-turn conformations, which was further supported by use of NMR spectroscopy of the 12-membered ring analogue in the series. The easily executed methylenedithioether cyclization should constitute a valuable complement to the common disulfide methodology for fine-tuning and for probing the bioactive conformation of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lindman
- Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
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