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Chen GG, Fiori LM, Moquin L, Gratton A, Mamer O, Mechawar N, Turecki G. Evidence of altered polyamine concentrations in cerebral cortex of suicide completers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:1477-84. [PMID: 20200507 PMCID: PMC2874419 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated alterations in the expression of polyamine-related genes in the brains of suicide completers including widespread downregulation of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme in polyamine catabolism, suggesting compensatory mechanisms attempting to increase brain levels of polyamines. Given the complexity of the polyamine system, quantification of the levels of the polyamines is an essential step in understanding the downstream effects of dysregulated gene expression. We developed a method using high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for quantitation of polyamines from post-mortem brain tissue, which allowed us to accurately measure spermidine and putrescine concentrations in post-mortem brain tissues. Using this method, we analyzed putrescine and spermidine levels in a total of 126 samples from Brodmann areas 4, 8/9, and 11, from 42 subjects, comprising 16 suicide completers with major depression, 13 non-depressed suicide completers, and 13 control subjects. Both putrescine and spermidine levels fell within the expected nanomolar ranges and were significantly elevated in the brain of suicide completers with a history of major depression as compared with controls. These results were not accounted by possible confounders. This is the first GC-MS study to analyze the expression of putrescine and spermidine from post-mortem brain tissue and confirms the hypothesis raised by previous studies indicating alterations in putrescine and spermidine levels in suicide/major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gang Chen
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Orval Mamer
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada, Tel: +1 514 761 6131x2369, Fax: +1 514 762 3023, E-mail:
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Worthen DR, Bence AK, Stables JP, Crooks PA. In vivo evaluation of diaminodiphenyls: Anticonvulsant agents with minimal acute neurotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5012-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang HS, Chiu HF, Lu WC, Yuan CL. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1,8-diaminoanthraquinone derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:1136-9. [PMID: 16141583 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Continuing our ongoing studies on cytotoxic substances, a series of regioisomeric disubstituted aminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) derivatives have been synthesized as cytotoxic activity based on a proposed bioactive amino conformation. To assess the biological activity of amino-substitution in the side-chains of anthraquinone located at positions 1 and 8 of the anthraquinone ring system. The aim of the study was to determine if members of the anthraquinone family could be used as adjuncts to increase the growth inhibiting effect of anticancer agents in rat glioma C6 cells, human hepatoma G2 cells and 2.2.15 cells. In vitro cytotoxicity data is reported for the compounds and some indications of structure--activity relationships have been discerned. A number of compounds were found to have good cytotoxicity against proliferation in these three cell lines. This has led to the discovery some of the DAAQ as a conformationally constrained structure possessing anticancer properties that displays cytotoxicity for these above cell lines and is being investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Shan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Prendergast MA, Rogers DT, Mulholland PJ, Littleton JM, Wilkins LH, Self RL, Nath A. Neurotoxic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription factor Tat require function of a polyamine sensitive-site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Brain Res 2002; 954:300-7. [PMID: 12414113 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-1) infection is often associated with neuronal loss in cortical and subcortical regions that may manifest as motor dysfunction and dementia. The function of the HIV-1 transcription protein Tat and subsequent activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAr) have been implicated in this form of neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear if Tat interacts directly with the NMDAr and the role of specific NMDAr subunit composition in mediating effects of Tat is also unclear. The present studies examined the ability of HIV-1 Tat1-72 protein (10 pM-1.0 microM) to displace [3H]MK-801 binding and to attenuate spermidine-induced potentiation of this binding in rat brain homogenate comprised of cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. The role of NMDAr polyamine-site function in the neurotoxic effects of Tat was determined using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Binding of [3H]MK-801 in adult rat brain homogenate was not reduced by Tat at concentrations below 1 microM. Tat potently inhibited the potentiation of [3H]MK-801 binding produced by co-exposure of membranes to the NMDAr co-agonist spermidine (IC(50)=3.74 nM). In hippocampal explants, Tat produced neurotoxicity in the CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layers, as well as in the dentate gyrus, that was significantly reduced by co-exposure to MK-801 (20 microM) and the NMDAr polyamine-site antagonist arcaine (10 microM). Exposure to the HIV-1 Tat deletion mutant (Tatdelta31-61) did not produce neurotoxicity in hippocampal explants. These data suggest that the neurotoxic effects of HIV-1 Tat are mediated, in part, by direct interactions with a polyamine-sensitive site on the NMDAr that positively modulates the function of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 115 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
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Bence AK, Rogers DT, Worthen DR, Fu M, Littleton JM, Crooks PA. Dapsone analogs as potential polyamine binding site modulators of theN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. Drug Dev Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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