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Sudarikov DV, Krymskaya YV, Slepukhin PA, Rubtsova SA, Kutchin AV. Synthesis of chiral 1-(imidazol-2-yl)alkanamines using neomenthanethiol as a chiral auxiliary. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lai Z, He S, Sherer EC, Wu Z, Yu Y, Ball R, Hong Q, Yang DX, Guo L, Li D, Tuang Q, Chicchi GG, Trusca D, Tsao KL, Zhou YP, Howard AD, Nargund RP, Hagmann WK. Discovery of substituted (4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methanamine as potent somatostatin receptor 3 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li D, Wu Z, Yu Y, Ball RG, Guo L, Sherer E, He S, Hong Q, Lai Z, Qi H, Truong Q, Yang DX, Chicchi GG, Tsao KL, Trusca D, Trujillo M, Pachanski M, Eiermann GJ, Howard AD, Zhou YP, Zhang BB, Nargund RP, Hagmann WK. Diamine Derivatives as Novel Small-Molecule, Potent, and Subtype-Selective Somatostatin SST3 Receptor Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:690-5. [PMID: 24944745 DOI: 10.1021/ml500079u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel class of small-molecule, highly potent, and subtype-selective somatostatin SST3 agonists was discovered through modification of a SST3 antagonist. As an example, (1R,2S)-9 demonstrated not only potent in vitro SST3 agonist activity but also in vivo SST3 agonist activity in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These agonists may be useful reagents for studying the physiological roles of the SST3 receptor and may potentially be useful as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derun Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhicai Wu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Liangqin Guo
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward Sherer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shuwen He
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhong Lai
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Quang Truong
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David X. Yang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gary G. Chicchi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kwei-Lan Tsao
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dorina Trusca
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Maria Trujillo
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michele Pachanski
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - George J. Eiermann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew D. Howard
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bei B. Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William K. Hagmann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Feytens D, De Vlaeminck M, Cescato R, Tourwé D, Reubi JC. Highly Potent 4-Amino-indolo[2,3-c]azepin-3-one-Containing Somatostatin Mimetics with a Range of sst Receptor Selectivities. J Med Chem 2008; 52:95-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801205x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debby Feytens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Magali De Vlaeminck
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Renzo Cescato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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5
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Troxler T, Hoyer D, Langenegger D, Neumann P, Pfäffli P, Schoeffter P, Sorg D, Swoboda R, Hurth K. Identification and SAR of potent and selective non-peptide obeline somatostatin sst1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3983-7. [PMID: 17507221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of non-peptide somatostatin receptor ligands bearing the octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline (obeline) structural element has been identified. SAR studies have been performed that led to the discovery of derivatives with high affinity (pK(d) r sst(1) > or = 9) and selectivity (> or = 150-fold for h sst(1) over h sst(2)-h sst(5)) for somatostatin receptor subtype sst(1). In a functional assay, the compounds act as antagonists at human recombinant sst(1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Troxler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Ji GC, Zhou ST, Shapiro G, Reubi JC, Jurczyk S, Carlton SM. Analgesic activity of a non-peptide imidazolidinedione somatostatin agonist: in vitro and in vivo studies in rat. Pain 2006; 124:34-49. [PMID: 16650579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support an important role for somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in pain modulation. The therapeutic use of established SSTR peptide agonists for this indication is limited by their broad range of effects, need for intrathecal delivery, and short half-life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the analgesic effect of SCR007, a new, highly selective SSTR2 non-peptide agonist. Behavioral studies demonstrated that paw withdrawal latencies to heat were significantly increased following intraplantar SCR007. Furthermore, both intraperitoneal and intraplantar injection of SCR007 significantly reduced formalin- and capsaicin-induced flinching and lifting/licking nociceptive behaviors. Recordings from nociceptors using an in vitro glabrous skin-nerve preparation showed that SCR007 reduced heat responses in a dose-dependent fashion, bradykinin-induced excitation, heat sensitization and capsaicin-induced excitation. In both the behavioral and single fiber studies, the SCR007 effects were reversed by the SSTR antagonist cyclo-somatostatin, demonstrating receptor specificity. In the single fiber studies, the opioid antagonist naloxone did not reverse SCR007-induced anti-nociception suggesting that SCR007 did not exert its effects through activation of opioid receptors. Analysis of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) involvement demonstrated that SCR007 prevented forskolin- and Sp-8-Br-cAMPS (a PKA activator)-induced heat sensitization, supporting the hypothesis that SCR007-induced inhibition could involve a down-regulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway. These data provide several lines of evidence that the non-peptide imidazolidinedione SSTR2 agonist SCR007 is a promising anti-nociceptive and analgesic agent for the treatment of pain of peripheral and/or central origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA
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Dasgupta P. Somatostatin analogues: multiple roles in cellular proliferation, neoplasia, and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 102:61-85. [PMID: 15056499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels is a crucial process both for tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Additionally, dysregulation in angiogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The neuropeptide somatostatin has been shown to be a powerful inhibitor of neovascularization in several experimental models. Furthermore, somatostatin receptors (sst) are expressed on endothelial cells; particularly, sst2 has been found to be uniquely up-regulated during the angiogenic switch, from quiescent to proliferative endothelium. The present manuscript reviews the anti-angiogenic activity of somatostatin and its analogues in neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease. The role of sst subtypes particularly sst2 in mediating its angioinhibitory activity is described. Somatostatin agonists may also exert their anti-angiogenic activity indirectly by inhibition of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis or through its immunomodulatory effects. However, the therapeutic utility of somatostatin agonists as anti-angiogenic drugs in these diseases remains confusing because of conflicting results from different studies. More basic research, as well as patient-oriented studies, is required to firmly establish the clinical potential of somatostatin agonists in therapeutic angiogenesis. The currently available somatostatin agonists have high affinity of sst2 with lower affinities for sst3 and sst5. The emergence of novel somatostatin agonists especially bispecific analogues (agonists targeting multiple cellular receptors) and conjugates (synthesized by chemically linking somatostatin analogues with other antineoplastic agents) with improved receptor specificity signify a new generation of anti-angiogenics, which may represent novel strategies in the treatment of neovascularization-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Room 2068A, MRC-2 East, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Møller LN, Stidsen CE, Hartmann B, Holst JJ. Somatostatin receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2003; 1616:1-84. [PMID: 14507421 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(03)00235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1972, Brazeau et al. isolated somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF), a cyclic polypeptide with two biologically active isoforms (SRIF-14 and SRIF-28). This event prompted the successful quest for SRIF receptors. Then, nearly a quarter of a century later, it was announced that a neuropeptide, to be named cortistatin (CST), had been cloned, bearing strong resemblance to SRIF. Evidence of special CST receptors never emerged, however. CST rather competed with both SRIF isoforms for specific receptor binding. And binding to the known subtypes with affinities in the nanomolar range, it has therefore been acknowledged to be a third endogenous ligand at SRIF receptors. This review goes through mechanisms of signal transduction, pharmacology, and anatomical distribution of SRIF receptors. Structurally, SRIF receptors belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled (GPC) receptors, sharing the characteristic seven-transmembrane-segment (STMS) topography. Years of intensive research have resulted in cloning of five receptor subtypes (sst(1)-sst(5)), one of which is represented by two splice variants (sst(2A) and sst(2B)). The individual subtypes, functionally coupled to the effectors of signal transduction, are differentially expressed throughout the mammalian organism, with corresponding differences in physiological impact. It is evident that receptor function, from a physiological point of view, cannot simply be reduced to the accumulated operations of individual receptors. Far from being isolated functional units, receptors co-operate. The total receptor apparatus of individual cell types is composed of different-ligand receptors (e.g. SRIF and non-SRIF receptors) and co-expressed receptor subtypes (e.g. sst(2) and sst(5) receptors) in characteristic proportions. In other words, levels of individual receptor subtypes are highly cell-specific and vary with the co-expression of different-ligand receptors. However, the question is how to quantify the relative contributions of individual receptor subtypes to the integration of transduced signals, ultimately the result of collective receptor activity. The generation of knock-out (KO) mice, intended as a means to define the contributions made by individual receptor subtypes, necessarily marks but an approximation. Furthermore, we must now take into account the stunning complexity of receptor co-operation indicated by the observation of receptor homo- and heterodimerisation, let alone oligomerisation. Theoretically, this phenomenon adds a novel series of functional megareceptors/super-receptors, with varied pharmacological profiles, to the catalogue of monomeric receptor subtypes isolated and cloned in the past. SRIF analogues include both peptides and non-peptides, receptor agonists and antagonists. Relatively long half lives, as compared to those of the endogenous ligands, have been paramount from the outset. Motivated by theoretical puzzles or the shortcomings of present-day diagnostics and therapy, investigators have also aimed to produce subtype-selective analogues. Several have become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Neisig Møller
- Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bänziger M, Cercus J, Hirt H, Laumen K, Malan C, Spindler F, Struber F, Troxler T. The development of a practical synthesis of the potent and selective somatostatin sst3 receptor antagonist [4-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-piperazine-1-yl]-{(4S,4aS,8aR)-2[(S)-3-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-propyl]-decahydroisoquinoline-4-yl}-methanone (NVP-ACQ090). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis has become a target for antineoplastic therapy and for treatment of retinal neovascularization. The presence of somatostatin receptors on tumour cells and on the proliferating vascular endothelium has led to several in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of somatostatin analogues. Currently available data suggest that somatostatin analogues might inhibit angiogenesis directly through somatostatin receptors present on endothelial cells and also indirectly through the inhibition of growth factor secretion such as IGF-I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reducing monocyte chemotaxis. However, beneficial effects on inhibition of neovascularization have been questioned by some studies. More work is therefore required to firmly establish the role of somatostatin analogues as potential antiangiogenic therapy. The currently available somatostatin analogues have high affinity for somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) and, to a lesser extent, sst5 and sst3. However, because vascular endothelial cells express several types of somatostatin receptors, it will be important to investigate somatostatin analogues with different receptor subtype affinities, which might increase the spectrum of available therapy for tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- N García de la Torre
- Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK
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Poitout L, Roubert P, Contour-Galcéra MO, Moinet C, Lannoy J, Pommier J, Plas P, Bigg D, Thurieau C. Identification of potent non-peptide somatostatin antagonists with sst(3) selectivity. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2990-3000. [PMID: 11520208 DOI: 10.1021/jm0108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a solution-phase parallel synthesis strategy, a series of non-peptide somatostatin analogues were prepared, and their binding affinities to the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst(1-5)) were determined. Imidazolyl derivatives 2 were found to bind with moderate affinity but with high selectivity to the sst(3) receptor subtype. Further modifications of these structures led to a more potent class of ligands, the tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives 4. Among these, compounds 4k (BN81644) and 4n (BN81674) bind selectively and with high affinity to the sst(3) receptor subtype (K(i) = 0.64 and 0.92 nM, respectively). Furthermore, 4k and 4n reverse the inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation induced by 1 nM somatostatin via sst(3) receptors, with IC(50) = 2.7 and 0.84 nM, respectively. The most potent compound 4n was shown to be a competitive antagonist of human sst(3) receptors by increasing the EC(50) of SRIF-14-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation with a K(B) of 2.8 nM (where K(B) is the concentration of antagonist that shifts the agonist dose-response 2-fold). These new derivatives are, to our knowledge, the first potent and highly selective non-peptide human sst(3) antagonists known and, as such, are useful tools for investigating the physiological role of sst(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poitout
- Institut Henri Beaufour, 5 Avenue du Canada, F-91966 Les Ulis, France.
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