1
|
Wang Y, Xu F, Nichols CB, Shi Y, Hellinga HW, Alspaugh JA, Distefano MD, Beese LS. Structure-Guided Discovery of Potent Antifungals that Prevent Ras Signaling by Inhibiting Protein Farnesyltransferase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13753-13770. [PMID: 36218371 PMCID: PMC10755971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections by fungal pathogens are difficult to treat due to a paucity of antifungals and emerging resistances. Next-generation antifungals therefore are needed urgently. We have developed compounds that prevent farnesylation of Cryptoccoccus neoformans Ras protein by inhibiting protein farnesyltransferase with 3-4 nanomolar affinities. Farnesylation directs Ras to the cell membrane and is required for infectivity of this lethal pathogenic fungus. Our high-affinity compounds inhibit fungal growth with 3-6 micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), 4- to 8-fold better than Fluconazole, an antifungal commonly used in the clinic. Compounds bound with distinct inhibition mechanisms at two alternative, partially overlapping binding sites, accessed via different inhibitor conformations. We showed that antifungal potency depends critically on the selected inhibition mechanism because this determines the efficacy of an inhibitor at low in vivo levels of enzyme and farnesyl substrate. We elucidated how chemical modifications of the antifungals encode desired inhibitor conformation and concomitant inhibitory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 55455
| | - Connie B. Nichols
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Yuqian Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Homme W. Hellinga
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - J. Andrew Alspaugh
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 55455
| | - Lorena S. Beese
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Merino P, Maiuolo L, Delso I, Algieri V, De Nino A, Tejero T. Chemical approaches to inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis: targeting farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors are surveyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Merino
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas
- ISQCH
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas
- ISQCH
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - Tomas Tejero
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas
- ISQCH
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Treder AP, Tremblay MC, Yudin AK, Marsault E. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Piperazinones via Disrupted Ugi Condensation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Treder
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Marie-Claude Tremblay
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Davenport Building, rm. 362, 80
St. George, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
M. Beauchemin A, Das Neves N, Raymond M. Expedient Synthesis of 2-Oxopiperazines Using a SN2 / Cope-Type Hydroamination Sequence. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Tamanoi F, Lu J. Recent progress in developing small molecule inhibitors designed to interfere with ras membrane association: toward inhibiting K-Ras and N-Ras functions. Enzymes 2013; 34 Pt. B:181-200. [PMID: 25034105 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420146-0.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
K-Ras and N-Ras are mutated in a wide range of human cancers, thus making these proteins attractive targets of anticancer drug development. However, no effective compounds have been obtained so far. One of the approaches taken to inhibit the function of K-Ras and N-Ras is to interfere with their membrane association. Various attempts have been taken. In the first example, we examine the approach conceived in early 1990s to inhibit protein prenylation that is required for their membrane association. The initial premise that the inhibition of Ras farnesylation leads to the inhibition of Ras was not realized, mainly due to alternative prenylation of K-Ras and N-Ras proteins. This led to the idea that the combined inhibition of FTase and GGTase-I can block membrane association of K-Ras and N-Ras. Dual specificity inhibitors of FTase and GGTase-I (DPIs) were also developed. These compounds were tested in preclinical and clinical studies. It appears that sufficiently high concentration of the drug to inhibit K-Ras was not achieved in previous attempts. In addition, dose-limiting toxicity has been observed and this was primarily ascribed to GGTase-I inhibition. Strategies to confer cancer targeting capabilities to the inhibitors may overcome the dose-limiting toxicity. In the second approach, postprenylation events were exploited. This led to the development of various inhibitors including the ICMT inhibitors. Finally, recent identification of compounds that inhibit the interaction between K-Ras and PDE-δ is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gabrielli S, Ballini R, Palmieri A. β-Nitroacrylates as key building blocks for the synthesis of alkyl 3-substituted 5-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylates under fully heterogeneous conditions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Appels NMGM, Bolijn MJ, van Eijndhoven MAJ, Stephens TC, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Characterization of the in vitro activity of AZD3409, a novel prenyl transferase inhibitor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:137-45. [PMID: 20229082 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AZD3409 is a novel DPTI that has potent activity against both FTase and GGTase-1. The in vitro inhibition profile of AZD3409 was characterized using three different cell lines: mouse embryogenic fibroblasts, transfected with H-Ras(V12) (MEF), A549 cells (Ki4B-Ras mutation) and MCF-7 cells (no Ras mutation). METHODS Both cytotoxicity and levels of inhibition of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation were determined in different assays in relation to the concentration of AZD3409. Results were compared with those obtained with the first-generation FTase inhibitor lonafarnib or the GGTase-1 inhibitor GGTI-2147. RESULTS The mean IC(50) for cytotoxicity of AZD3409 and lonafarnib was 510 and 15,200 nM in MEF cells, 10,600 and 2,740 nM in A549 cells and 6,170 and 9,490 nM in MCF7 cells, respectively. In these cells, the IC(50) for FTase activity of AZD3409 ranged from 3.0 to 14.2 nM and of lonafarnib from 0.26 to 31.3 nM. The inhibiting activity of AZD3409 and lonafarnib on general protein farnesylation was comparable with the specific farnesylation levels of HDJ-2. In vitro geranylgeranylation of Rap1a could be inhibited by GGTI-2147 in all three cell lines, but only in MCF-7 cells by AZD3409. These results are in agreement with the IC(50) values for GGTase-1 activity as the lowest IC(50) for AZD3409 was found in the MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSIONS AZD3409 inhibits farnesylation to a higher extent than geranylgeranylation. Both inhibition of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation could not be correlated to the antiproliferative activity of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M G M Appels
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
New efficient enantioselective synthesis of 2-oxopiperazines: a practical access to chiral 3-substituted 2-oxopiperazines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Reginato G, Di Credico B, Andreotti D, Mingardi A, Paio A, Donati D. A new versatile and diastereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted 2-oxopiperazines from naturally occurring amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Lu A, Zhang J, Yin X, Luo X, Jiang H. Farnesyltransferase pharmacophore model derived from diverse classes of inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:243-9. [PMID: 17049856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional pharmacophore model was developed based on 25 currently available inhibitors, which were carefully selected with great diversity in both molecular structure and bioactivity as required by HypoGen program in the Catalyst software, for discovering new farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors. The best hypothesis (Hypo1), consisting of four features, namely, two hydrogen-bond acceptors, one hydrophobic point, and one ring aromatic feature, has a correlation coefficient of 0.949, a root-mean-square deviation of 1.321, and a cost difference of 163.15, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. The application of the model shows great success in predicting the activities of 227 known FTase inhibitors in our test set with a correlation coefficient of 0.776 with a cross-validation of 98% confidence level. Accordingly, our model should be reliable in identifying structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Lu
- JiangSu Simcere Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd. 210042 Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minutolo F, Antonello M, Barontini S, Bertini S, Betti L, Danesi R, Gervasi G, Giannaccini G, Papi C, Placanica G, Rapposelli S, Macchia M. Phosphonomethylphosphorylmethyl(oxy)-analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate as stable and selective geranylgeranyl protein transferase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 59:887-92. [PMID: 15544793 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The diphosphate moiety of geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGdP) was replaced with metabolically and hydrolytically stable analogous polar portions, in an attempt to obtain new geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) inhibitors, which could also be selective over congener enzyme farnesyltransferase (FTase). In particular, the phosphonomethylphosphorylmethoxy derivative showed the highest inhibition potency, accompanied by a satisfactory GGTase/FTase selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng H, Carrico D, Thai V, Blaskovich M, Bucher C, Pusateri EE, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Synthesis and evaluation of potent, highly-selective, 3-aryl-piperazinone inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1768-84. [PMID: 16633570 DOI: 10.1039/b517572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds based on the carboxyl-terminal CAAL sequence of PGGTase-I substrates was designed and synthesized. Using piperazin-2-one as a semi-rigid scaffold, we have introduced critical pharmacophores in a well-defined arrangement to mimic the CAAL sequence. High potency and exceptional selectivity were obtained for inhibition of PGGTase-I with structures such as 45 and 70. Potency of this series of GGTIs was dependent on the presence of an L-leucine residue with a free carboxyl terminus, as well as an S configuration of the 3-aryl group. The selectivity was significantly enhanced by 5-methyl substitution on the imidazole ring and fluorine substitution on the 3-aryl group. Modification of the 6-position of the piperazinone scaffold was found to be unfavorable. Compounds 44 and 69, the corresponding methyl esters of 45 and 70, were found to selectively block processing of Rap1A by PGGTase-I in whole cells with IC(50) values of 0.4 microM and 0.7 microM respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairuo Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saha AK, Liu L, Simoneaux R, DeCorte B, Meyer C, Skrzat S, Breslin HJ, Kukla MJ, End DW. Novel triazole based inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5407-11. [PMID: 16216509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase possessing a 1,2,4-triazole pharmacophore is described. These inhibitors were discovered from a parallel synthesis effort and were subsequently optimized to in vitro IC(50) value of less than 1nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research Foundation, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nefzi A, Santos RT. Efficient Approaches toward the Solid-Phase Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Azoniaspiro Ring Systems: Synthesis of Tri- and Tetrasubstituted 10-Oxo- 3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9622-5. [PMID: 16268646 DOI: 10.1021/jo0513921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. An efficient approach for the parallel solid-phase synthesis of novel heterocyclic azoniaspiro ring systems is described. The target compounds, the 1,8,9-trisubstituted 10-oxo-3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes, were obtained starting from resin-bound reduced dipeptides. The azoniaspiro cation was formed by intramolecular attack of a tertiary nitrogen on pendent alpha-bromocarbonyl. N-3 acylated and N-3 alkylamino carbonyl derivatives of the 1,8,9-trisubstituted 10-oxo-3,9-diaza-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecanes were obtained following in solution treatment of the N-3 azoniaspiro derivatives with different carboxylic acids and isocyanates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3500 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92124, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saha AK, End DW. Novel beta-(imidazol-4-yl)-beta-amino acids: solid-phase synthesis and study of their inhibitory activity against geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1713-9. [PMID: 15745827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of imidazolyl-beta-amino acid derivatives is described. Several analogs demonstrated moderate inhibition of geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I (GGPT I).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Saha
- Janssen Research Foundation, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Minutolo F, Bertini S, Betti L, Danesi R, Gervasi G, Giannaccini G, Papi C, Placanica G, Barontini S, Rapposelli S, Macchia M. Stable analogues of geranylgeranyl diphosphate possessing improved geranylgeranyl versus farnesyl protein transferase inhibitory selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:4405-8. [PMID: 14643335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonoacetamido(oxy) groups have proven to be good mimics of the diphosphate portion in geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGTase I) inhibitors. The introduction of small alkyl groups (Me, Et) into the diphosphate mimic moiety caused a further decrease in collateral farnesyl protein transferase (FTase) inhibitory activity, thereby improving GGTase I over FTase selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dinsmore CJ, Zartman CB, Bergman JM, Abrams MT, Buser CA, Culberson JC, Davide JP, Ellis-Hutchings M, Fernandes C, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Huber HE, Lobell RB, Mosser SD, Robinson RG, Williams TM. Macrocyclic piperazinones as potent dual inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:639-43. [PMID: 14741259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of macrocyclic piperazinone compounds with dual farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitory activity was prepared. These compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of protein prenylation in cell culture. A hypothesis for the binding mode of compound 3o in FPTase is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Veerman JJN, Bon RS, Hue BTB, Girones D, Rutjes FPJT, van Maarseveen JH, Hiemstra H. Synthesis of 2,6-bridged piperazine-3-ones by N-acyliminium ion chemistry. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4486-94. [PMID: 12762754 DOI: 10.1021/jo0342572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several 2-substituted and 2,5-disubstituted piperazine-3,6-diones were synthesized starting from readily available alpha-amino acids. After activation of a lactam carbonyl via introduction of a methoxycarbonyl group onto nitrogen, this carbonyl was selectively reduced. Treatment of the resulting urethane with protic acid generated the corresponding N-acyliminium ion, which was trapped by a nucleophilic C2-side chain to provide 2,6-bridged piperazine-3-ones. Several aromatic, heteroaromatic, and nonaromatic side chains were used as pi-nucleophiles. In addition, the effect of the presence of a C5-methyl group on the stereochemical outcome of the cyclization was examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan J N Veerman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Synthesis of substituted 1H-imidazol-1-ylmethylpiperidines. Facile separation of 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Tucker TJ, Abrams MT, Buser CA, Davide JP, Ellis-Hutchings M, Fernandes C, Gibbs JB, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Huber HE, Liu D, Lobell RB, Lumma WC, Robinson RG, Sisko JT, Smith AM. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of potent dual inhibitors of farnesyl and geranyl-Geranyl protein transferases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2027-30. [PMID: 12113834 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a series of potent, dual inhibitors of the prenyl transferases farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) and geranyl-geranyl protein transferase I (GGPTase). The compounds were shown to possess potent activity against both enzymes in cell culture. Mechanistic analysis has shown that the compounds are CAAX competitive for FPTase inhibition but geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) competitive for GGPTase inhibiton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Tucker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan NM, Cano M, Balasubramanian S. Synthesis of diastereomerically pure 1,4,5-substituted-2-oxopiperazines on solid-phase. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Houssin R, Pommery J, Salaün MC, Deweer S, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Hénichart JP. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of new farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:533-6. [PMID: 11784157 DOI: 10.1021/jm010297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics are described as Ras farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). They include cysteine and methionine as mimetics of the C-terminus sequence of farnesylated proteins. Furthermore, cysteine was replaced by heterocycles, taking into account the role of zinc and the metabolic instability of amino acids. The molecular docking of 8 in the active site of the enzyme and the pharmacological evaluation of the compounds are illustrative of a new class of FTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Houssin
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Westwell A. Novel antitumour molecules. Drug Discov Today 2001; 6:916-918. [PMID: 11522521 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(01)01915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Westwell
- Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|