1
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Mamedov VA, Galimullina VR, Qu ZW, Zhu H, Syakaev VV, Shamsutdinova LR, Sergeev MA, Rizvanov IK, Gubaidullin AT, Sinyashin OG, Grimme S. AlCl 3-Promoted Intramolecular Indolinone-Quinolone Rearrangement of Spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinoxaline]-2,3'-diones: Easy Access to Quinolino[3,4- b]quinoxalin-6-ones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38151045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A facile and direct intramolecular indolinone-quinolone rearrangement was developed for the synthesis of quinolino[3,4-b]quinoxalin-6-ones from spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinoxaline]-2,3'-diones, which are readily available with use of isatines, malononitrile, and 1,2-phenylenediamines under quite mild conditions. This efficient approach provides excellent yields and could potentially be used for the construction of a diverse library of quinolino[3,4-b]quinoxalin-6-ones for high-throughput screening in medicinal chemistry. The reaction mechanism is explored by extensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A Mamedov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Venera R Galimullina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor V Syakaev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Leisan R Shamsutdinova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Sergeev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Il'dar Kh Rizvanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Murai T, Xing Y, Kurokawa M, Kuribayashi T, Nikaido M, Elboray EE, Hamada S, Kobayashi Y, Sasamori T, Kawabata T, Furuta T. One-Pot Preparation of ( NH)-Phenanthridinones and Amide-Functionalized [7]Helicene-like Molecules from Biaryl Dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5510-5521. [PMID: 35394787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot transformation of biaryl dicarboxylic acids to (NH)-phenanthridinone derivatives based on a Curtius rearrangement and subsequent basic hydrolysis was developed. This method is also applicable for the preparation of optically active amide-functionalized [7]helicene-like molecules. Furthermore, aza[5]helicene derivatives with a phosphate moiety were isolated as a product of the Curtius rearrangement step in the case of substrates that bear chalcogen atoms. The stereostructures of these products, revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, suggested that chalcogen-bonding and pnictogen-bonding interactions might contribute to their stabilization. The configurational stability of the helicene-like molecules and their chiroptical properties were further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Murai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yongning Xing
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mayu Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Nikaido
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Elghareeb E Elboray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tenodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 307-8571, Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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3
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Aleti RR, Festa AA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Synthetic Strategies in the Preparation of Phenanthridinones. Molecules 2021; 26:5560. [PMID: 34577030 PMCID: PMC8466741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthridinones are important heterocyclic frameworks present in a variety of complex natural products, pharmaceuticals and displaying wide range of pharmacological actions. Its structural importance has evoked a great deal of interest in the domains of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry to develop new synthetic methodologies, as well as novel compounds of pharmaceutical interest. This review focuses on the synthesis of phenanthridinone scaffolds by employing aryl-aryl, N-aryl, and biaryl coupling reactions, decarboxylative amidations, and photocatalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Wang PL, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang XS. Rh(III)-Catalyzed N-Nitroso Directed C-H Arylation for Facile Construction of Diverse N-Hetero Biaryl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3825-3828. [PMID: 33047472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation reaction of N-nitrosoanilines has been developed in which arylboronic acids were used as arylation reagents. It provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of N-nitroso-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine, which is an important starting material for the synthesis of N-hetero biaryl compounds, such as 2-amine-1,1'-biphenyl, carbazole, phenanthridone. This protocol can be applied to various N-alkyl substituted N-nitrosoanilines and N-nitrosoanilines with substituents on the phenyl ring. Arylboronic acids with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Department of chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China.,Information College, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Chen X, Liu Y. Microwave‐Assisted Decarbonylative Coupling Reaction of o‐Halobenzamides for Phenanthridinone Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
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6
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Guo X, Xing Q, Lei K, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y, Zhao K. A Tandem Ring Opening/Closure Reaction in A BF3
-Mediated Rearrangement of Spirooxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhua Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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7
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Shi R, Niu H, Lu L, Lei A. Pd/Cu-Catalyzed aerobic oxidative aromatic C–H bond activation/N-dealkylative carbonylation towards the synthesis of phenanthridinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1908-1911. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward Pd/Cu-catalyzed oxidative C–H bond activation/N-dealkylative carbonylation of tertiary [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-anilines towards the synthesis of various biologically important phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones has been developed. A wide range of functional groups are well tolerated in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Huiying Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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8
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Ekhteiari Salmas R, Unlu A, Bektaş M, Yurtsever M, Mestanoglu M, Durdagi S. Virtual screening of small molecules databases for discovery of novel PARP-1 inhibitors: combination of in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1899-1915. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1199328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayhan Unlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Bektaş
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Yurtsever
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Ren XX, Wang HB, Li C, Jiang JF, Xiong SD, Jin X, Wu L, Wang JH. HIV-1 Nef-associated Factor 1 Enhances Viral Production by Interacting with CRM1 to Promote Nuclear Export of Unspliced HIV-1 gag mRNA. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4580-8. [PMID: 26733199 PMCID: PMC4813482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 depends on host-cell-encoded factors to complete its life cycle. A comprehensive understanding of how HIV-1 manipulates host machineries during viral infection can facilitate the identification of host targets for antiviral drugs or gene therapy. The cellular protein Naf1 (HIV-1 Nef-associated factor 1) is a CRM1-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, and has been identified to regulate multiple receptor-mediated signal pathways in inflammation. The cytoplasm-located Naf1 can inhibit NF-κB activation through binding to A20, and the loss of Naf1 controlled NF-κB activation is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the effect of Naf1 on HIV-1 mRNA expression has not been characterized. In this study we found that the nucleus-located Naf1 could promote nuclear export of unspliced HIV-1 gag mRNA. We demonstrated that the association between Naf1 and CRM1 was required for this function as the inhibition or knockdown of CRM1 expression significantly impaired Naf1-promoted HIV-1 production. The mutation of Naf1 nuclear export signals (NESs) that account for CRM1 recruitment for nuclear export decreased Naf1 function. Additionally, the mutation of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of Naf1 diminished its ability to promote HIV-1 production, demonstrating that the shuttling property of Naf1 is required for this function. Our results reveal a novel role of Naf1 in enhancing HIV-1 production, and provide a potential therapeutic target for controlling HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Ren
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Jin-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Si-Dong Xiong
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
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10
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Fang Y, Tranmer GK. Continuous flow photochemistry as an enabling synthetic technology: synthesis of substituted-6(5H)-phenanthridinones for use as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00552c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods utilizing continuous flow photochemistry have been developed for the synthesis of phenanthridinones via an intramolecular photochemical cyclization reaction in yields up to 99%, as a means to generate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - G. K. Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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11
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Salmas RE, Unlu A, Yurtsever M, Noskov SY, Durdagi S. In silicoinvestigation of PARP-1 catalytic domains inholoandapostates for the design of high-affinity PARP-1 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:112-20. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Facile synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridopyrazin-one via Smiles rearrangement or direct cyclization. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Synthesis of isoquinolinone-based tricycles as novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2669-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Du ZT, Han P, Zhou J, Zhang CC, Chen K. Synthesis of Heterocycles via Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Cyclization of Diazonium Salts (Part III): Phenanthridin-6-(5H)-ones. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Yang Y, Huang H, Wu L, liang Y. Palladium-catalyzed annulation of benzynes with N-substituted-N-(2-halophenyl)formamides: synthesis of phenanthridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5351-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Liang D, Hu Z, Peng J, Huang J, Zhu Q. Synthesis of phenanthridinones viapalladium-catalyzed C(sp2)–H aminocarbonylation of unprotected o-arylanilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:173-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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In J, Hwang S, Kim C, Seo JH, Kim S. Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1-ones fromN-Boc-(β-Arylethyl)carbamates via Isocyanate Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Lu C, Dubrovskiy AV, Larock RC. Palladium-catalyzed annulation of arynes by o-halobenzamides: synthesis of phenanthridinones. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8648-56. [PMID: 23013049 PMCID: PMC3490708 DOI: 10.1021/jo3016192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed annulation of arynes by substituted o-halobenzamides produces N-substituted phenanthridinones in good yields. This methodology provides this important heterocyclic ring system in a single step by simultaneous C-C and C-N bond formation, under relatively mild reaction conditions, and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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19
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Antczak MI, Ready JM. Two-, three- and four-component coupling to form isoquinolones based on directed metalation. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Donati L, Leproux P, Prost E, Michel S, Tillequin F, Gandon V, Porée FH. Solvent/Base Effects in the Selective Domino Synthesis of Phenanthridinones That Involves High-Valent Palladium Species: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Chemistry 2011; 17:12809-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Nasrabady SE, Kuzhandaivel A, Mladinic M, Nistri A. Effects of 6(5H)-phenanthridinone, an Inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose)Polymerase-1 Activity (PARP-1), on Locomotor Networks of the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:503-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Ferraris DV. Evolution of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. From concept to clinic. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4561-84. [PMID: 20364863 DOI: 10.1021/jm100012m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana V Ferraris
- Johns Hopkins University Brain Science Institute, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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23
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Dubost E, Magnelli R, Cailly T, Legay R, Fabis F, Rault S. General method for the synthesis of substituted phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones using a KOH-mediated anionic ring closure as the key step. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Synthesis of N-substituted benzo[c][1,7]- and benzo[c][1,8] phenanthrolin-(5H)-6-ones through a Pd-mediated Suzuki–Miyaura heteroaryl-aryl coupling reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Regioselective synthesis of amino- and nitroarenes based on [3+3] cyclocondensations of 1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Identification of substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one as potent poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4196-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Ghosh S, Kumar AS, Mehta G, Soundararajan R, Sen S. Synthesis of 4-oxazolinephenylboronic acid and heterobiaryl oxazolines via a Suzuki Reaction. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x431355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 4-oxazolinephenylboronic acid from 4-bromobenzoic acid is reported. The title compound couples with heteroaryl halides in presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and Na2CO3 in aqueous toluene to give heterobiaryl oxazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ghosh
- Chemical Research and Development Department, Pfizer Ltd, Mumbai-400705, India
| | - A. Sanjeev Kumar
- Chemical Research and Development Department, Pfizer Ltd, Mumbai-400705, India
| | - G.N. Mehta
- Chemistry Section, Applied Sciences and Humanities Department, SVNIT, Surat-395 007, India
| | - R. Soundararajan
- Chemical Research and Development Department, Pfizer Ltd, Mumbai-400705, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Chemical Research and Development Department, Pfizer Ltd, Mumbai-400705, India
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Yawer MA, Hussain I, Iqbal I, Spannenberg A, Langer P. Synthesis of functionalized 6(5H)-phenanthridinones based on a [3+3]-cyclocondensation/lactamization strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albert J, D’Andrea L, Granell J, Zafrilla J, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Reactivity of cyclopalladated compounds derived from biphenyl-2-ylamine towards carbon monoxide, tbutyl isocyanide and alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kofink CC, Blank B, Pagano S, Götz N, Knochel P. Iron-catalyzed aryl–aryl cross-coupling reaction tolerating amides and unprotected quinolinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1954-6. [PMID: 17695241 DOI: 10.1039/b618617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The iron(III)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between functionalized arylcopper reagents and aromatic iodides bearing an amide function or an unprotected quinolinone leads smoothly to polyfunctionalized biphenyls in excellent yields due to an intramolecular chelating effect of the amide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane C Kofink
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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Saitoh T, Yoshida S, Ichikawa J. Naphthalene-1,8-diylbis(diphenylmethylium) as an Organic Two-Electron Oxidant: Benzidine Synthesis via Oxidative Self-Coupling of N,N-Dialkylanilines. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6414-9. [PMID: 16901124 DOI: 10.1021/jo060662s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene-1,8-diylbis(diphenylmethylium) exhibits a unique electron-transfer reduction behavior due to the close proximity of the two triarylmethyl cations, which form a C-C bond while accepting two electrons, leading to 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylacenaphthene. The preparation of the dication was readily accomplished under anhydrous conditions starting from a cyclic bis(triarylmethyl) ether, derived from 1,8-dibromonaphthalene. The process proceeded via deoxygenation accompanying the formation of a disiloxane on treatment with a silylating agent (Me3SiClO4 or Me3SiOTf) in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol. The dication was successfully employed for oxidative coupling of N,N-dialkylanilines at the para-position to afford the corresponding benzidines in good to excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunobu Saitoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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32
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Pellicciari R, Camaioni E, Costantino G. 3. Life or death decisions: the cast of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) as a therapeutic target for brain ischaemia. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005; 42:125-69. [PMID: 15003720 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pellicciari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Ishida J, Hattori K, Yamamoto H, Iwashita A, Mihara K, Matsuoka N. 4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, an excellent fragment to improve the potency of PARP-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4221-5. [PMID: 16098744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2002] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that a 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine fragment plays an important role in improving inhibitory potency against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Various benzamide analogues linked with this fragment via alkyl spacers have been prepared and evaluated. As a result, some of them have been found to be highly potent PARP-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ishida
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, 2-1-6 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
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Crocker IP, Kenny LC, Thornton WA, Szabo C, Baker PN. Excessive stimulation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation contributes to endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:772-80. [PMID: 15778700 PMCID: PMC1576060 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder associated with widespread activation of the maternal vascular endothelium. Recent evidence implicates a role for oxidative stress in the aetiology of this condition. 2. Reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide anions, invokes endothelial cell activation through many pathways. Oxidant-induced cell injury triggers the activation of nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) leading to endothelial dysfunction in various pathophysiological conditions (reperfusion, shock, diabetes). 3. We have studied whether the loss of endothelial function in pre-eclampsia is dependent on PARP activity. Endothelium-dependent responses of myometrial arteries were tested following exposure to either plasma from women with pre-eclampsia or normal pregnant women in the presence and absence of a novel potent inhibitor of PARP, PJ34. Additional effects of plasma and PJ34 inhibition were identified in microvascular endothelial cell cultures. 4. In myometrial arteries, PARP inhibition blocked the attenuation of endothelium-dependent responses following exposure to plasma from women with pre-eclampsia. In endothelial cell cultures, plasma from pre-eclamptics induced measurable oxidative stress and a concomitant increase in PARP activity and reduction in cellular ATP. Again, these biochemical changes were reversed by PJ34. 5. These results suggest that PARP activity plays a pathogenic role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia and promotes PARP inhibition as a potential therapy in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Crocker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester M13 0JH.
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35
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Cosi C. New inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and their potential therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.7.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Yates S, Taylor P, Jørgensen R, Ferraris D, Zhang J, Andersen G, Merrill A. Structure-function analysis of water-soluble inhibitors of the catalytic domain of exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem J 2005; 385:667-75. [PMID: 15458385 PMCID: PMC1134741 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mono-ADPRT (mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ETA (exotoxin A), catalyses the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to its protein substrate. A series of water-soluble compounds that structurally mimic the nicotinamide moiety of NAD+ was investigated for their inhibition of the catalytic domain of ETA. The importance of an amide locked into a hetero-ring structure and a core hetero-ring system that is planar was a trend evident by the IC50 values. Also, the weaker inhibitors have core ring structures that are less planar and thus more flexible. One of the most potent inhibitors, PJ34, was further characterized and shown to exhibit competitive inhibition with an inhibition constant K(i) of 140 nM. We also report the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of ETA in complex with PJ34, the first example of a mono-ADPRT in complex with an inhibitor. The 2.1 A (1 A=0.1 nm) resolution structure revealed that PJ34 is bound within the nicotinamide-binding pocket and forms stabilizing hydrogen bonds with the main chain of Gly-441 and to the side-chain oxygen of Gln-485, a member of a proposed catalytic loop. Structural comparison of this inhibitor complex with diphtheria toxin (a mono-ADPRT) and with PARPs [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases] shows similarity of the catalytic residues; however, a loop similar to that found in ETA is present in diphtheria toxin but not in PARP. The present study provides insight into the important features required for inhibitors that mimic NAD+ and their binding to the mono-ADPRT family of toxins.
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Key Words
- bacterial toxin
- competitive inhibitor
- exotoxin a
- mono-adp-ribosyltransferase
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- x-ray crystallography
- adprt, adp-ribosyltransferase
- 5-aiq, 5-amino-isoquinoline-hcl
- β-tad, β-methylene-thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide
- dt, diphtheria toxin
- eef2, eukaryotic elongation factor 2
- ε-nad+, 1,n6-etheno-nad+
- eta, exotoxin a
- lb, lineweaver–burk
- nap, 1,8-naphthalimide
- parp, poly(adp-ribose) polymerase
- pe24h, a 24 kda c-terminal, containing a his6 tag, of p. aeruginosa exotoxin a
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P. Yates
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Patricia L. Taylor
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - René Jørgensen
- †Macromolecular Crystallography, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds vej 10C, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dana Ferraris
- ‡Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Baltimore, MD 21224, U.S.A
| | - Jie Zhang
- ‡Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Baltimore, MD 21224, U.S.A
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- †Macromolecular Crystallography, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds vej 10C, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A. Rod Merrill
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Putt KS, Hergenrother PJ. An enzymatic assay for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) via the chemical quantitation of NAD(+): application to the high-throughput screening of small molecules as potential inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2004; 326:78-86. [PMID: 14769338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) catalyzes the formation of (ADP)-ribose polymers on a variety of protein acceptors in a NAD+ -dependent manner. While PARP-1 is activated by DNA damage and plays a critical role in cellular survival mechanisms, its overactivation leads to a depletion of NAD+/ATP energy stores and ultimately to necrotic cell death. Due to this dual role of PARP in the cell, small-molecule inhibitors of the PARP family of enzymes have been widely investigated for use as potentiators of anticancer therapies and as inhibitors of neurodegeneration and ischemic injuries. Unfortunately, standard assays for PARP inhibition are not optimal for the high-throughput screening of compound collections or combinatorial libraries. Described herein is a highly sensitive, inexpensive, and operationally simple assay for the rapid assessment of PARP activity that relies on the conversion of NAD+ into a highly fluorescent compound. We demonstrate that this assay can readily detect PARP inhibitors in a high-throughput screen using 384-well plates. In addition, the assay can be used to determine IC50 values for PARP inhibitors that have a range of inhibitory properties. As existing PARP assays utilize specialized reagents such as radiolabeled/biotinylated NAD+ or antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose), the chemical quantitation method described herein offers a highly sensitive and convenient alternative for rapidly screening compound collections for PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karson S Putt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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38
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Gug F, Bach S, Blondel M, Vierfond JM, Martin AS, Galons H. A single step synthesis of 6-aminophenanthridines from anilines and 2-chlorobenzonitriles. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ferraris D, Ficco RP, Dain D, Ginski M, Lautar S, Lee-Wisdom K, Liang S, Lin Q, Lu MXC, Morgan L, Thomas B, Williams LR, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Kalish VJ. Design and synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. Part 4: biological evaluation of imidazobenzodiazepines as potent PARP-1 inhibitors for treatment of ischemic injuries. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3695-707. [PMID: 12901915 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A class of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) inhibitors, the imidazobenzodiazepines, are presented in this text. Several derivatives were designed and synthesized with ionizable groups (i.e., tertiary amines) in order to promote the desired pharmaceutical characteristics for administration in ischemic injury. Within this series, several compounds have excellent in vitro potency and our computational models accurately justify the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and highlight essential hydrogen bonding residues and hydrophobic pockets within the catalytic domain of PARP-1. Administration of these compounds (5q, 17a and 17e) in the mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes results in maintainance of glucose levels. Furthermore, one such inhibitor (5g, IC(50)=26 nM) demonstrated significant reduction of infarct volume in the rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ferraris
- Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6611 Tributary Street, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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40
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Ferraris D, Ficco RP, Pahutski T, Lautar S, Huang S, Zhang J, Kalish V. Design and synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. Part 3: In vitro evaluation of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[c][1,6]- and [c][1,7]-naphthyridin-6-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2513-8. [PMID: 12852955 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[c][1,6]- and [c][1,7]-napthyridin-6-ones are presented as a potent class of PARP-1 inhibitors. Derivatives of these partially saturated aza-5[H]-phenanthridin-6-ones were designed and synthesized with tertiary amines for salt formation, thus enhancing aqueous solubility, iv formulation and their potential use in acute ischemic injuries (i.e., myocardial ischemia and stroke). We found that partial saturation of the C-ring results in derivatives that are several times more potent than the aromatic C-ring derivatives. The general synthetic routes are presented herein as well as thorough in vitro potencies and SAR discussion for selected derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ferraris
- Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6611 Tributary Street, Baltimore, MA 21224, USA.
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41
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Steinhagen H, Gerisch M, Mittendorf J, Schlemmer KH, Albrecht B. Substituted uracil derivatives as potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3187-90. [PMID: 12372530 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of PARP-1 inhibitors, namely substituted fused uracil derivatives were synthesised. Starting from a derivative with an IC(50)=2microM the chemical optimisation program led to compounds with more than a 100-fold increase in potency (IC(50)<20nM). Additionally, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated. It could be shown that compounds bearing a piperazine or phenyl substituted betaAla-Gly side chain exhibited the best overall profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Steinhagen
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharma Research Centre, Bayer AG, D-42096, Wuppertal, FRG .
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42
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Jagtap P, Soriano FG, Virág L, Liaudet L, Mabley J, Szabó E, Haskó G, Marton A, Lorigados CB, Gallyas F, Sümegi B, Hoyt DG, Baloglu E, VanDuzer J, Salzman AL, Southan GJ, Szabó C. Novel phenanthridinone inhibitors of poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) synthetase: potent cytoprotective and antishock agents. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1071-82. [PMID: 12006805 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200205000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize novel inhibitors of the nuclear enzyme poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) synthetase (PARS), also known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and to test them in in vitro models of oxidant-induced cytotoxicity and in endotoxin and splanchnic occlusion-reperfusion-induced shock. DESIGN Randomized, prospective laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Murine macrophages, thymocytes, and endothelial cells; Balb/c mice and Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Macrophages and endothelial cells were treated with peroxynitrite and bleomycin to induce PARS activation, and thymocytes were treated with peroxynitrite to induce cell necrosis. Novel PARS inhibitors were synthesized and used to reduce PARS activation and to reverse cytotoxicity. Balb/c mice were subjected to splanchnic occlusion and reperfusion and were pretreated with various doses (1-10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) of PJ34, a selected, potent, water-soluble PARS inhibitor. The passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (4 kDa) was analyzed in everted gut ileal sacs incubated ex vivo as an index of gut permeability. Wistar rats were subjected to Escherichia coli bacterial lipopolysaccharide (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). PJ34 was also used at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 hr before lipopolysaccharide or at 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally 1 hr after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Serum concentrations of indicators or multiple organ injury, concentrations of various proinflammatory mediators, and tissue concentrations of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde were measured. In addition, survival rates and vascular contractile and relaxant responses were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Appropriate modifications of the phenanthridinone core structure yielded significant increases in the potency of the compounds, both as PARS inhibitors and as cytoprotective agents. The compound N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-phenanthridin-2-yl) -N,N-dimethylacetamide (designated as PJ34) was one of the potent PARS inhibitors of the series, and it dose-dependently protected against thymocyte necrosis, with a half-maximal restoration of cell viability of 35 nM and complete protection at 200 nM. PARS activation also was visualized by immunohistochemistry and was dose-dependently suppressed by PJ34. The effect of PJ34 was dose-dependently reversed by excess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized). The PARS inhibitors dose-dependently suppressed proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and restored viability in immunostimulated macrophages. PJ34 was selected for the subsequent in vivo studies. PJ34 significantly protected against splanchnic reperfusion-induced intestinal hyperpermeability in the mouse. PJ34 reduced peak plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and nitrite/nitrate in the plasma of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. PJ34 ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in indexes of liver and kidney failure and concentrations of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in the lung and gut. Lipopolysaccharide elicited vascular dysfunction, which was normalized by PJ34. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mortality was reduced by PJ34 (both pre- and posttreatment). CONCLUSIONS The novel series of phenanthridinone PARS inhibitors have potent cytoprotective effects in vitro and significant protective effects in shock and reperfusion injury in rodent models in vivo.
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