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Nachimuthu K, Nallasivam JL. Recent updates on vinyl cyclopropanes, aziridines and oxiranes: access to heterocyclic scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4212-4242. [PMID: 38738483 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This present review delineates the repertoire of vinyl cyclopropanes and their stuctural analogues to accomplish a wide array of oxa-cycles, aza-cycles, and thia-cycles under transition metal catalysis and metal-free approaches from early 2019 to the present date. The generation of electrophilic π-allyl intermediates and 1-3/1-5-dipolarophile chemistry originating from VCPs are always green, step- and atom-economical and sustainable strategies in comparsion with prefunctionalized and/or C-H activation protocols. Here, the strained ring-system extends its applicability by relieving the strain to undergo a ring-expansion reaction to accomplish 5-9 membered carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The availability of chiral ligands in the ring-expansion reaction of VCPs and their analogues has paved the way to realizing asymmetric synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jothi Lakshmi Nallasivam
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Gao Y, Mao Y, Miao Z. Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar (5+3) Cycloadditions of Oxidopyrylium Ylides and Vinylcyclopropanes toward 9-Oxabicyclononanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:3064-3068. [PMID: 35420826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and mild enantioselective palladium-catalyzed (5+3) cycloaddition of vinylcyclopropanes and oxidopyrylium ylides generated in situ from benzopyranones, in the presence of a chiral PHOX ligand. These reactions afford various highly functionalized bridged oxa-[3.3.1]carbocycles with three stereogenic centers that are challenging to synthesize, in moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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3
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Zhao L, Yan ZH, Tang S, Wei ZL, Liao WW. Brønsted Acid-Promoted Cyclodimerization of Indolyl Ketones: Construction of Indole Fused-Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and -Cyclooctatetraene Ring Systems. Org Lett 2021; 23:166-171. [PMID: 33306402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Brønsted acid-promoted cyclodimerization of C(3)-, C(2)-, or N(1)-substituted indole ketone derivatives is described. A wide range of structurally diverse bisindole fused-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and bisindole fused-cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivatives can be prepared in good to high yields with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Zhao YL, Cheng Y. Construction of Complex Bisether-Bridged Medium-Sized Cyclic Compounds from o-(1-(Acyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes under Base and Acid Catalysis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11114-11124. [PMID: 31419137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein our serendipitous discovery of the rapid and straightforward accesses to unprecedented diverse complex molecular structures from readily available starting materials. Catalyzed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene under mild conditions, o-(1-(acyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes 1 underwent efficient and selective dimerization reactions to produce novel complex bisether-bridged tricyclic products 3 and 4. The reactions proceeded most probably through dimerizations between 3-methylene-3H-isochromene intermediate and its zwitterionic resonance structures which were generated from a concerted 6-π electrocyclic ring closure reaction from the initially formed (2-formylphenyl)allene intermediates derived directly from o-(1-(acyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes. Treatment of the resulting product simply with NaOEt in ethanol and aqueous HCl, respectively, enabled further development of complex molecular diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Zhao
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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5
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Ma Y, Lv J, Liu C, Yao X, Yan G, Yu W, Ye J. Electrochemical [4+2] Annulation-Rearrangement-Aromatization of Styrenes: Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6756-6760. [PMID: 30882992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the first electrochemical strategy to synthesize functionalized naphthalene derivatives through [4+2] annulation-rearrangement-aromatization from styrenes under mild conditions. The electrolysis does not require metals, oxidants and high valence substrates, indicating the atom and step-economy ideals. The dehydrodimer produced through [4+2] cycloaddition of 4-methoxy α-methyl styrene is isolated and proved to be the key intermediate for the following oxydehydrogenation to form carbon cation, which undergoes rearrangement-aromatization to afford the final products. This reaction represents a powerful access to construct multi-substituted naphthalene blocks in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jufeng Lv
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoming Yan
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201419, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201419, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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6
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Ma Y, Lv J, Liu C, Yao X, Yan G, Yu W, Ye J. Electrochemical [4+2] Annulation‐Rearrangement‐Aromatization of Styrenes: Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jufeng Lv
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Guoming Yan
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District Shanghai 201419 China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District Shanghai 201419 China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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7
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Vandavasi JK, Hu WP, Boominathan SSK, Guo BC, Hsiao CT, Wang JJ. Au(I)-catalyzed synthesis of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enes and 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-dienes from enynol via oxonium/Prins-type cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12435-8. [PMID: 26145989 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and simple Au(I) catalytic system to synthesise 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enes and 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-dienes from enynol via oxonium/Prins-type cyclization is described. The key advantages of this reaction are selectivity, good functional group tolerance and a new approach for synthesis of oxabicyclic and oxatricyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kishore Vandavasi
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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8
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Kong Y, Xuan S, Yan A. Computational models on quantitative prediction of bioactivity of HIV-1 integrase 3' processing inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:729-746. [PMID: 25121566 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.942695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four computational quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were built to predict the bioactivity of 3' processing (3'P) inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Some 453 inhibitors whose bioactivity values were detected by the radiolabelling method were collected. The molecular structures were represented with MOE descriptors. In total, 21 descriptors were selected for modelling. All inhibitors were divided into a training set and a test set with two methods: (1) by a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM); (2) by a random selection. For every training set and test set, a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis and a support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish models, respectively. For the training/test set divided by SOM, the correlation coefficients (r) were over 0.84, and for the training/test set split randomly, the r values were over 0.86. Some molecular properties such as hydrogen bond donor capacity, atomic partial charge properties, molecular refractivity, the number of aromatic bonds and molecular surface area, volume and shape properties played important roles for inhibiting 3' processing step of HIV-1 integrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , China
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9
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Terada M, Li F, Toda Y. Chiral Silver Phosphate Catalyzed Transformation ofortho-Alkynylaryl Ketones into 1H-Isochromene Derivatives through an Intramolecular-Cyclization/Enantioselective-Reduction Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Terada M, Li F, Toda Y. Chiral Silver Phosphate Catalyzed Transformation ofortho-Alkynylaryl Ketones into 1H-Isochromene Derivatives through an Intramolecular-Cyclization/Enantioselective-Reduction Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:235-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Li BJ, Chiang CC, Hsu LY. QSAR Studies of 3,3′-(Substituted-Benzylidene)-Bis-4-Hydroxycoumarin, Potential HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Xuan S, Wang M, Kang H, Kirchmair J, Tan L, Yan A. Support Vector Machine (SVM) Models for Predicting Inhibitors of the 3′ Processing Step of HIV-1 Integrase. Mol Inform 2013; 32:811-26. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Zhang H, Cui WC, Hu ZL, Yu SY, Wang S, Yao ZJ. Brønsted acid-promoted dimerization of o-alkynylbenzaldehydes: a one-step synthesis of functionalized Kagan's ether analogues. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Teng TM, Das A, Huple DB, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of 9-Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-4,7-dienes from Diverse 1-Oxo-4-oxy-5-ynes: A Viable Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition on an s-trans-Heterodiene Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12565-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Min Teng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Arindam Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deepak B. Huple
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Maurin C, Lion C, Bailly F, Touati N, Vezin H, Mbemba G, Mouscadet JF, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Cotelle P. New 2-arylnaphthalenediols and triol inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase—Discovery of a new polyhydroxylated antiviral agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Bhunia S, Wang KC, Liu RS. PtII-Catalyzed Synthesis of 9-Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-dienes from 2-Alkynyl-1-carbonylbenzenes and Allylsilanes by an Allylation/Annulation Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Bhunia S, Wang KC, Liu RS. PtII-Catalyzed Synthesis of 9-Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-dienes from 2-Alkynyl-1-carbonylbenzenes and Allylsilanes by an Allylation/Annulation Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5063-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and antiviral properties of some polyphenols related to Salvia genus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4736-40. [PMID: 18674899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the acid part of salvianolic acid E 2 is described. Compound 2 was obtained from vanillin in 10 steps and 21% overall yield. During the synthesis of 2 an unexpected 5-oxo-4b,9b-dihydroindano[1,2-b]benzofuran rac-12 was isolated. Both compounds together with the acid part of salvianolic acid D were active as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors at the submicromolar level. But they did not inhibit the replication of the virus on MT-4 cells.
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19
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Chiang CC, Mouscadet JF, Tsai HJ, Liu CT, Hsu LY. Synthesis and HIV-1 integrase inhibition of novel bis- or tetra-coumarin analogues. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 55:1740-3. [PMID: 18057750 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Present studies were undertaken on the preparation of synthetic analogues of bis- or tetra-coumarins and their activity against HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN). Among these coumarin analogues, compounds 14, 16 and 18 were found to be potent molecules against HIV-1 IN at IC50 values of 0.96, 0.58, and 0.49 microM, respectively. The results provided a tool for guiding the further design of more potent antiviral agents and for predicting the affinity of related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Chiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Ta-shi, Tao-yuan, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Bailly F, Queffélec C, Mbemba G, Mouscadet JF, Pommery N, Pommery J, Hénichart JP, Cotelle P. Synthesis and biological activities of a series of 4,5-diaryl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:1222-9. [PMID: 17937972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of thirteen 4,5-diaryl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones were synthesized. They were evaluated for their antioxidant potencies and inhibitory properties of 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenases, HIV-1 integrase and PC3 cell proliferation. New hits were discovered either in the anti-proliferation test or in the HIV anti-integrase test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bailly
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire, UMR CNRS 8009, Bâtiment C3, Université de Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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21
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Tchertanov L, Mouscadet JF. Target recognition by catechols and beta-ketoenols: potential contribution of hydrogen bonding and Mn/Mg chelation to HIV-1 integrase inhibition. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1133-45. [PMID: 17302399 DOI: 10.1021/jm061375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catechol and beta-ketoenol are important pharmacophores of HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors. We investigated their recognition of the divalent metals, Mg and Mn, and of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and acceptors (HBA). We used data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), applying a 3-D structure-based, in silico-driven approach. We found that both biophores were stabilized by intramolecular H-bonding (IHB), which was weak in catechols and very strong in beta-ketoenols. Catechols tended to recognize environmental HBD and HBA, demonstrating their ability to make use of both hydroxyl groups to form multiple, strong intermolecular H-bonds. In contrast, beta-ketoenols stabilized by strong IHB inefficiently formed intermolecular H-bonds. beta-Ketoenolate chelated both Mg and Mn ions much more efficiently than dioxolene, which was highly selective for Mn cations. The significant differences in the ability of these two pharmacophores to bind HBD and HBA and in their ability to chelate Mg and Mn have important consequences for competitive inhibitor binding and selectivity for metals and integrase DNA-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Tchertanov
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Pharmacologie Génétique Appliquée, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 av. Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
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22
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Savarino A. A historical sketch of the discovery and development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:1507-22. [PMID: 17107277 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.12.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The long process of HIV-1 integrase inhibitor discovery and development can be attributed to both the complexity of HIV-1 integration and poor 'integration' of these researches into mainstream investigations on antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s. Of note, some fungal extracts investigated during this period contain the beta-hydroxyketo group, later recognised to be a key structural requirement for keto-enol acids (also referred to as diketo acids) and other integrase inhibitors. This review reconstructs (in the general context of the history of AIDS research) the principal steps that led to the integrase inhibitors currently in clinical trials, and discusses possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Savarino
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299. 00161- Rome, Italy.
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23
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24
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Mao PCM, Mouscadet JF, Leh H, Auclair C, Hsu LY. Chemical modification of coumarin dimer and HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1634-7. [PMID: 12499608 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A systematic series of chemically modified coumarin dimmers has been synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. We observed that modified coumarin dimmers containing hydrophobic moiety on the linker display potent inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pili Chih-Min Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tawain, ROC
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25
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Andréola ML, De Soultrait VR, Fournier M, Parissi V, Desjobert C, Litvak S. HIV-1 integrase and RNase H activities as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2002; 6:433-46. [PMID: 12223059 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.6.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The retroviruses are a large, diverse family of enveloped RNA viruses defined by their structure, composition and replicative properties. The hallmark of the family is its replicative strategy, essential steps of which include reverse transcription of the viral RNA and the subsequent integration of this DNA into the genome of the cell. These steps are performed by two viral-encoded enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT), which possesses DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities, and integrase (IN). These enzymes are excellent targets for retroviral therapy since they are essential for viral replication. Numerous substances capable of inhibiting the DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT are available, while few specific inhibitors of RNase H activity have been described. IN is absolutely necessary for stable and productive infection of cells. Some IN inhibitors have been recently reported and are available demonstrating the potential of IN as an antiviral target. This paper is an overview of the inhibitors of RNase H and IN and describes the most promising inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Andréola
- Laboratory of Replication and Expression of Eukaryotic and Retroviral Genomes, UMR 5097, CNRS-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
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