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Beyrer C. Archbishop Desmond Tutu and the universality of health and human rights. Lancet 2022; 399:503-504. [PMID: 35093208 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Beyrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Kirby T. Philippa Musoke-stop mother-to-child HIV transmission. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1641. [PMID: 34838234 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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3
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Samarasekera U. Minoo Mohraz-Iran's leader in HIV research. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1640. [PMID: 34838233 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Beyrer
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Mayer KH. Fortieth anniversary reflections on the early days of HIV and the current era. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25757. [PMID: 34097346 PMCID: PMC8183631 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway HealthThe Fenway InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus, the lentivirus that causes AIDS, is responsible for the most prevalent epidemic in the history of mankind. Here in this Timeline, we have attempted to illustrate a short history of HIV-1, from its identification in landmark papers published by Robert Gallo, Myron Essex, and Luc Montagnier, to the numerous drug and vaccine trials as well as the stride toward a possible cure. Even today, a vaccine and cure against HIV-1 remains elusive. In spite of this, in the space of 30 years, from the time when being HIV positive meant an instant death sentence, to today where millions of HIV positive people are living normal lives, the progress we have made in such a short period of time should be celebrated. To view this Timeline, open or download the PDF.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Celum
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Ruanne Barnabas
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Myron S Cohen
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Ann Collier
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Wafaa El-Sadr
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - King K Holmes
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Christine Johnston
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
| | - Peter Piot
- From the Departments of Global Health (C.C., R.B., K.K.H.), Medicine (C.C., R.B., A.C., K.K.H., C.J.), and Epidemiology (C.C, R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.S.C.); ICAP at Columbia University, New York (W.E.-S.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (P.P.)
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Fauci
- From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - H Clifford Lane
- From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Ramogola-Masire D, Poku O, Mazhani L, Ndwapi N, Misra S, Arscott-Mills T, Blank L, Ho-Foster A, Becker TD, Yang L. Botswana's HIV response: Policies, context, and future directions. J Community Psychol 2020; 48:1066-1070. [PMID: 31951283 PMCID: PMC7103557 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This brief report describes key periods in the history of the national public health response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Botswana. It reveals the context leading to the development of HIV policies presently in place and current challenges that remain. The report concludes with opportunities for future directions, initiatives, and policy changes to reduce the high rates of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Research and Graduate Studies, University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ohemaa Poku
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Loeto Mazhani
- Research and Graduate Studies, University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ndwapi Ndwapi
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (CIHEB), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Supriya Misra
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Tonya Arscott-Mills
- Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lilo Blank
- Psychology, University of Rochester School of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, New York
| | - Ari Ho-Foster
- Research and Graduate Studies, University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana
- Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy D Becker
- Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence Yang
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York
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Pimentel V, Pingarilho M, Alves D, Diogo I, Fernandes S, Miranda M, Pineda-Peña AC, Libin P, Martins MRO, Vandamme AM, Camacho R, Gomes P, Abecasis A. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infected Migrants Followed up in Portugal: Trends between 2001-2017. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030268. [PMID: 32121161 PMCID: PMC7150888 DOI: 10.3390/v12030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration is associated with HIV-1 vulnerability. Objectives: To identify long-term trends in HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance (ARV) among migrants followed up in Portugal Methods: 5177 patients were included between 2001 and 2017. Rega, Scuel, Comet, and jPHMM algorithms were used for subtyping. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and Acquired drug resistance (ADR) were defined as the presence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) and as mutations of the IAS-USA 2015 algorithm, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: HIV-1 subtypes infecting migrants were consistent with the ones prevailing in their countries of origin. Over time, overall TDR significantly increased and specifically for Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) and Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs). TDR was higher in patients from Mozambique. Country of origin Mozambique and subtype B were independently associated with TDR. Overall, ADR significantly decreased over time and specifically for NRTIs and Protease Inhibitors (PIs). Age, subtype B, and viral load were independently associated with ADR. Conclusions: HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in migrants suggests high levels of connectivity with their country of origin. The increasing levels of TDR in migrants could indicate an increase also in their countries of origin, where more efficient surveillance should occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pimentel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Marta Pingarilho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Daniela Alves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Isabel Diogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LMCBM, SPC, CHLO-HEM), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.D.); (S.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LMCBM, SPC, CHLO-HEM), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.D.); (S.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Mafalda Miranda
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Pieter Libin
- KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.L.); (R.C.)
- Artificial Intelligence lab, Department of computer science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Rosário O. Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
- KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Camacho
- KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Perpétua Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LMCBM, SPC, CHLO-HEM), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.D.); (S.F.); (P.G.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Abecasis
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.P.); (M.P.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (A.-C.P.-P.); (M.R.O.M.); (A.-M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Antoniou T, Yao Z, Raboud J, Gershon AS. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people with HIV in Ontario, 1996-2015: a retrospective population-based cohort study. CMAJ Open 2020; 8:E83-E89. [PMID: 32071142 PMCID: PMC7028164 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20190028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of high smoking rates and HIV-related factors, people with HIV may be at high risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, population-based estimates of the incidence of COPD among people with HIV are lacking, particularly for women. We compared the incidence of COPD among Ontario adults aged 35 years or more with and without HIV between Jan. 1, 1996, and Dec. 31, 2015. METHODS We conducted a population-based study using Ontario's health administrative databases. We compared the incidence of COPD between people with and without HIV using standardized incidence ratios and generalized estimating equations with a log link function. RESULTS We identified 1849 people with HIV and 1 168 727 HIV-negative people who were newly diagnosed with COPD between 1996 and 2015. People with HIV were younger than HIV-negative people (mean age 49.7 [standard deviation 10.4] yr v. 62.2 [standard deviation 14.8] yr; standardized difference 0.98). Rates of COPD were higher among people with HIV than among HIV-negative people (10.4 v. 9.0 cases per 1000 person-years; standardized incidence ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.21; adjusted rate ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.41). In sex-stratified analyses, rates of COPD were higher among men with HIV (adjusted rate ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.40) and women with HIV (adjusted rate ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.72) than among men and women without HIV. In a sensitivity analysis, smoking explained observed differences in COPD incidence. INTERPRETATION People with HIV had higher rates of incident COPD than HIV-negative people. This may reflect the disproportionately higher prevalence of smoking among the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Antoniou
- ICES (Antoniou, Yao, Gershon); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Antoniou), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (Raboud); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Raboud), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Gershon), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Zhan Yao
- ICES (Antoniou, Yao, Gershon); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Antoniou), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (Raboud); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Raboud), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Gershon), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Janet Raboud
- ICES (Antoniou, Yao, Gershon); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Antoniou), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (Raboud); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Raboud), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Gershon), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Andrea S Gershon
- ICES (Antoniou, Yao, Gershon); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Antoniou), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (Raboud); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Raboud), University of Toronto; Department of Medicine (Gershon), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
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Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research: Gary W. Harper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 73:1260-2. [PMID: 30525817 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research is given to a psychologist whose research has led to important discoveries or developments in the field of applied psychology. The 2018 recipient is Gary W. Harper, "for his exceptional scholarship and leadership in the development, implementation, and evaluation of community-based HIV prevention interventions for youth broadly, and youth of color and LGBT youth specifically, whose psychosocial needs are often marginalized or approached from a narrowly focused perspective." Her award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Jiménez de Ory S, Ramos JT, Fortuny C, González-Tomé MI, Mellado MJ, Moreno D, Gavilán C, Menasalvas AI, Piqueras AI, Frick MA, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Navarro ML. Sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223536. [PMID: 31647824 PMCID: PMC6812742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are not enough nationwide studies on perinatal HIV transmission in connection with a combination of antiretroviral treatments in Spain. Our objectives were to study sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015. METHODS A retrospective study using data from Spanish Paediatric HIV Network (CoRISpe) and Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MDBS) was performed. HIV- diagnosed children between 1997 and 2015 were selected. Sociodemographic, clinical and immunovirological data of HIV-infected children and their mothers were studied in four calendar periods (P1: 1997-2000; P2: 2001-2005; P3: 2006-2010; P4: 2011-2015). Rates of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission from 1997 to 2015 were calculated. RESULTS A total of 532 HIV-infected children were included in this study. Of these children, 406 were Spanish (76.3%) and 126 immigrants (23.7%). A decrease in the number of HIV diagnoses, 203 (38.2%) children in the first (P1), 149 (28%) in the second (P2), 130 (24.4%) in the third (P3) and 50 (9.4%) in the fourth (P4) calendar periods was studied. The same decrease in the Spanish HIV-infected children (P1, 174 (46.6%), P2, 115 (30.8%), P3, 65 (17.4%) and P4, 19 (5.1%)) was monitored. However, an increase in the number of HIV diagnoses by sexual contact (P1: 0%; P2: 1.3%; P3: 4.6%; P4: 16%) was observed. The rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spanish children decreased from 0.167 to 0.005 per 100,000 inhabitants and 11.4% to 0.4% between 1997 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A decline of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission was observed. However, an increase of teen-agers HIV diagnoses with sexual infection was studied. Public awareness campaigns directed to teen-agers are advisable to prevent HIV infection by sexual contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Jiménez de Ory
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IisGM), CoRISpe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tomas Ramos
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues del Llobregat, Spain
| | - María Isabel González-Tomé
- Servicio de Infecciosas Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Mellado
- Pediatrics, Immunodeficiencies and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Maternal-Child University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- IBIMA Multidisciplinary Group for Pediatric Research, Malaga, Spain, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - César Gavilán
- Department of Paediatrics, University Clinical Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Ana Isabel Piqueras
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Antoinette Frick
- Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Medical School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
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Weng RX, Hong FC, Yu WY, Cai YM. Compare HIV/syphilis infections between age groups and explore associated factors of HIV/syphilis co-infections among men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China, from 2009 to 2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223377. [PMID: 31581277 PMCID: PMC6776337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the HIV/syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged <50 years and ≥50 years in Shenzhen, and explore the associated factors of HIV/syphilis co-infections among MSM in Shenzhen, in order to help prevention and intervention programs determine their target sub-group. A serial cross-sectional study was conducted on MSM in Shenzhen city, China from 2009 to 2017. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, history of HIV testing, history of blood donation and sexual behaviors. 5 ml of venous blood were collected for syphilis and HIV tests. The overall prevalence of HIV, syphilis, HIV/syphilis co-infection was 9.40%, 18.97%, and 4.91%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV (15.26%), syphilis (27.71%), HIV/syphilis co-infection (9.24%) in aged ≥50 years MSM was significantly higher than aged <50 years MSM (9.15%, 18.59% and 4.72%, respectively). The following factors were found to be significantly associated with HIV/syphilis co-infections (P<0.05): age≥50 years (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.10–2.87), high school or lower (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.10–2.01), monthly income ≤436.2 USD (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.25–2.42), monthly income 436.4–727.2 USD (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.05–2.03), ≥2 anal sex partners in the past 6 months (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.02–2.49), ≥2 oral sex partners in the past 6 months (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.08–2.36), inconsistent condom use during anal sex in the past 6 months (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.11–2.03). We found that aged <50 years and ≥50 years MSM in Shenzhen had a high prevalence of HIV/syphilis infection in a period from 2009 to 2017. Age-specific sexually transmitted diseases education, prevention, and intervention programs for aged ≥50 years MSM should be implemented urgently and integrated interventions of both HIV and syphilis infections on MSM are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Weng
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu-Chang Hong
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ye Yu
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Mao Cai
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Martini M, Gazzaniga V, Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Parodi A, Armocida E. De morbo gallico omnia quae extant apud omnes medicos cuiuscunque nationis: the sixteenth-century collection of Luigi Luigini. Infez Med 2019; 27:350-352. [PMID: 31545783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, a rising rate of syphilis infection, often in association with HIV, has been recorded in Europe. In the first years following their appearance, syphilis and HIV shared the character of "new", challenging and serious diseases. The prime example of a "new disease", syphilis appeared between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance period, a time in which medicine was changing from a dogmatic to an experimental discipline. Luigi Luigini's collection of all the works on syphilis that had appeared to date (1566) offers a unique and significant insight into the discussion of the novelty of this disease, even after half a millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gazzaniga
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barberis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Parodi
- Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emanuele Armocida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Narin P, Yamamoto E, Saw YM, Net N, Inthaphatha S, Kariya T, Hamajima N. Factors associated with HIV testing among the general male population in Cambodia: A secondary data analysis of the Demographic Health Survey in 2005, 2010, and 2014. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219820. [PMID: 31318928 PMCID: PMC6638958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Cambodia, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is predominantly transmitted between spouses and casual partners, with men having higher mortality and morbidity from HIV infection than women due to lesser access to healthcare services and antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to identify the rate of HIV testing and barriers to HIV testing among the general male population in Cambodia. We analyzed secondary data of men who underwent HIV testing at Voluntary Confidential Counseling and Testing (VCCT) sites in 2006–2017 and of male participants in the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) in 2005, 2010, and 2014. The number of men who underwent HIV testing at the VCCT sites increased during 2006–2010 and decreased during 2012–2015. CDHS data showed that the lifetime prevalence of HIV testing among men aged 15–49 years gradually increased from 14.7% in 2005 to 36.4% in 2014. Multivariate analysis revealed nine factors associated with a higher lifetime prevalence of HIV testing including: seven sociodemographic factors, namely CDHS year (2010 and 2014), age groups (20–35 and 36–49 years), urban residence, higher education, higher wealth index, having occupations other than agriculture, ever-married status (married and widowed/divorced); and two factors of HIV risk behavior, namely two or more lifetime sexual partners and condom use during the last sexual intercourse. To our knowledge, this is the first study that assessed factors associated with the lifetime prevalence of HIV testing among the general male population in Cambodia. The factors were mostly sociodemographic factors, and no factors were related to condom use, or the diagnosis or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These results suggest that reproductive health education at primary schools and strengthening of healthcare provider-initiated testing and counseling for patients with STIs are highly needed in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piseth Narin
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- National AIDS Authority, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ny Net
- Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Souphalak Inthaphatha
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuyoshi Kariya
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Pan X, Jiang J, Ma Q, Zhang J, Yang J, Chen W, Ding X, Fan Q, Guo Z, Xia Y, Xia S, Wu Z. Outbreak of HIV Infection Linked to Nosocomial Transmission, China, 2016-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:2141-2149. [PMID: 30457542 PMCID: PMC6256388 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
On January 25, 2017, a physician from ZC Hospital in Hangzhou, China, reported to the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention that a potential HIV outbreak might have occurred during lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) performed at the hospital on December 30, 2016. We immediately began investigating and identified the index case-patient as an LIT patient's husband who donated lymphocytes for his wife's LIT and later screened HIV-reactive. Subsequent contamination by a technician resulted in the potential exposure of 34 LIT patients. Acute HIV infection was diagnosed in 5 persons. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the HIV-1 gag, pol, and env gene sequences from the index and outbreak-related cases had >99.5% similarity. Rapid investigation and implementation of effective control measures successfully controlled the outbreak. This incident provides evidence of a lapse in infection control causing HIV transmission, highlighting the need for stronger measures to protect patients from infectious disease exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiaoqin Ma
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Jiezhe Yang
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Wanjun Chen
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Xiaobei Ding
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Qin Fan
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Zhihong Guo
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
| | - Yan Xia
- These first authors contributed equally to this articleZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (X. Pan, J. Jiang, Q. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Chen, X. Ding, Q. Fan, Z. Guo, Y. Xia, S. Xia)
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Z. Wu)
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Z. Wu)
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Hussein FM, Ahmed AY, Muhammed OS. Household food insecurity access scale and dietary diversity score as a proxy indicator of nutritional status among people living with HIV/AIDS, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2017. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199511. [PMID: 29953457 PMCID: PMC6023122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both household food insecurity and household dietary diversity have been found reliable in describing the dietary intake of a population. However, it had not been proven as reliable instrument for assessing nutritional status of individuals in a clinical context. There has been a need for evidence on the validity of using proxy and easy dietary indicators for nutritional status. Method A facility based cross sectional study design was employed on 423 people with HIV infection visiting all ART clinics in Bahir Dar, North Ethiopia. Nutritional status was determined by computing BMI. Food insecurity was assessed using household food insecurity access scale. Dietary diversity was measured using a tool adopted from Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project. Data were entered to Epidata version 3.1and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Reliability analysis, sensitivity and specificity analysis were determined. Result The sensitivity of the household food insecurity access scale and dietary diversity score was 87.9% and 79.8%, respectively, while their specificity was 56.2% and 70.2%. The AUC at 95% CI for the household food insecurity access scale and household dietary diversity score were 73.4 (68.4–78.4) and 73.1 (68.1–78.2) while their cut of point that maximized their sensitivity and specificity was 1 and 6 respectively. Household food insecurity access scale and household dietary diversity score were found to be reliable tools with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.926 and 0.799, respectively. Conclusion In assessing under nutrition among PLHIV especially in limited resource settings, both the household food insecurity access scale and household dietary diversity score were found valid and reliable proxy indicators for measuring nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foziya Mohammed Hussein
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Yimer Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Oumer Sada Muhammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to recall the actions taken globally to improve the viral safety of coagulation factor concentrates, mainly in the years 1985-1990, at a time of confusing and often contradictory information on bloodborne viral infections in multitransfused patients with hemophilia (PWHs). I shall first recall the problem of the transmission and control of the hepatitis viruses, and then that of HIV: not only for temporal reasons, but also because understanding the progress of knowledge on hepatitis and the poor success of the early measures taken to tackle this problem in PWHs is essential to understand how the problem of HIV transmission was ultimately dealt with successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mannucci
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Ribatti D. [Not Available]. Recenti Prog Med 2018; 109:153. [PMID: 29493647 DOI: 10.1701/2865.28916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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23
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Bengtson AM, Pence BW, Eaton EF, Edwards JK, Eron JJ, Mathews WC, Mollan K, Moore RD, O’Cleirigh C, Geng E, Mugavero MJ. Patterns of efavirenz use as first-line antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1999-2015. Antivir Ther 2018; 23:363-372. [PMID: 29424697 PMCID: PMC6085156 DOI: 10.3851/imp3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efavirenz has been a mainstay of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for over 15 years in the US. Its association with neuropsychiatric side effects may influence clinical prescribing and management. METHODS We included HIV-infected adults enrolled in care at seven sites across the US, who initiated combination ART between 1999 and 2015. We examined the proportion initiating and continuing on efavirenz, overall and by mental health status. Log binomial and Cox models were used to estimate associations between mental health, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and initiating or switching from efavirenz as first-line ART. RESULTS Of the 8,230 participants included, 3,710 (45%) initiated efavirenz. In multivariable analyses, prior mono- or dual-ART, ART initiation after 2006, being female, intravenous drug use, antidepressant prescription, previous mental health diagnosis and baseline CD4+ T-cell count >350 cells/mm3 were inversely associated with initiating efavirenz. Participants initiating efavirenz had a faster time to a regimen switch, compared with those initiating an efavirenz-free regimen (P-value <0.01). Among efavirenz initiators, starting efavirenz in more recent time periods and a previous mental health diagnosis were associated with faster time to switching from efavirenz. Despite this, 40-50% of participants with a previous mental health diagnosis initiated and continued on efavirenz for much of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Multiple clinical factors, including mental health diagnoses, appeared to influence efavirenz use. While mental health diagnosis status and more recent treatment starts were associated with shorter duration of efavirenz therapy, a previous mental health diagnosis did not preclude efavirenz initiation or continuation in many participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian W Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ellen F Eaton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessie K Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William C Mathews
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katie Mollan
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard D Moore
- School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Connall O’Cleirigh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elvin Geng
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Pokrovsky
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, The Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia.
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Olding M, Enns B, Panagiotoglou D, Shoveller J, Harrigan PR, Barrios R, Kerr T, Montaner JSG, Nosyk B. A historical review of HIV prevention and care initiatives in British Columbia, Canada: 1996-2015. J Int AIDS Soc 2017; 20:21941. [PMID: 28953322 PMCID: PMC5640311 DOI: 10.7448/ias.20.1.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION British Columbia has made significant progress in the treatment and prevention of HIV since 1996, when Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) became available. However, we currently lack a historical summary of HIV prevention and care interventions implemented in the province since the introduction of HAART and how they have shaped the HIV epidemic. Guided by a socio-ecological framework, we present a historical review of biomedical and health services, community and structural interventions implemented in British Columbia from 1996-2015 to prevent HIV transmission or otherwise enhance the cascade of HIV care. METHODS We constructed a historical timeline of HIV interventions implemented in BC between 1996 and 2015 by reviewing publicly available reports, guidelines and other documents from provincial health agencies, community organizations and AIDS service organizations, and by conducting searches of peer-reviewed literature through PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE. We collected further programmatic information by administering a data collection form to representatives from BC's regional health authorities and an umbrella agency representing 45 AIDS Service organizations. Using linked population-level health administrative data, we identified key phases of the HIV epidemic in British Columbia, as characterized by distinct changes in HIV incidence, HAART uptake and the provincial HIV response. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, we identified 175 HIV prevention and care interventions implemented in BC from 1996 to 2015. We identify and describe four phases in BC's response to HIV/AIDS: the early HAART phase (1996-1999); the harm reduction and health service scale-up phase (2000-2005); the early Treatment as Prevention phase (2006-2009); and the STOP HIV/AIDS phase (2010-present). In doing so, we provide an overview of British Columbia's universal and centralized HIV treatment system and detail the role of community-based and provincial stakeholders in advancing innovative prevention and harm reduction approaches, as well as "seek, test, treat and retain" strategies. CONCLUSIONS The review provides valuable insight into British Columbia's HIV response, highlights emerging priorities, and may inform future efforts to evaluate the causal impact of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olding
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben Enns
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Shoveller
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Richard Harrigan
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julio S. G. Montaner
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bohdan Nosyk
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Kohli HS. Letter from Glasgow. Natl Med J India 2017; 30:235. [PMID: 29162761 DOI: 10.4103/0970-258x.218681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H S Kohli
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing - Public Health University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Slagstad K. [Silence is death – what the HIV activists taught us]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2017; 137:903-907. [PMID: 28655233 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Mattson CL, Bradley H, Beer L, Johnson C, Pearson WS, Shouse RL. Increased Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing Among Sexually Active Persons Receiving Medical Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States, 2009-2013. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:629-634. [PMID: 27940947 PMCID: PMC5376234 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines recommend that all sexually active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons be tested at least annually for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. We examined temporal trends in syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea testing among sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States during 2009-2013. Methods Using medical record data from the Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based HIV surveillance system, we assessed the proportion of adults receiving HIV medical care who were tested for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea in the past 12 months by year and stratified by sex and sexual behavior, age, and race/ethnicity. Results During 2009-2013, the proportion of sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care who were tested in the past year for all 3 examined sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increased from 20% to 36% (PTREND < .01). Overall testing for syphilis increased from 55% to 65% (PTREND < .01), and significant increases were noted for the following subgroups: men who have sex with men (58% to 69%), non-Hispanic whites (48% to 64%), and all age groups with the exception of persons aged 18-29 year. Overall testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea increased from 22% to 42% (PTREND < .01), and significant increases were noted for most subgroups. Conclusions STD testing significantly increased among sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care; however, the majority of persons were not tested for all 3 STDs in 2013. While increased testing indicates progress, testing remained far below recommended guidelines. Our findings suggest enhanced efforts may be warranted to screen all sexually active HIV-infected adults for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Mattson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Heather Bradley
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Linda Beer
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - William S. Pearson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - R. Luke Shouse
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana A Sacks
- From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine (C.A.S., R.P.W.) and Infectious Disease (R.H.G., R.P.W.) and the Medical Practice Evaluation Center (R.P.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School (R.P.W.) - all in Boston
| | - Robert H Goldstein
- From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine (C.A.S., R.P.W.) and Infectious Disease (R.H.G., R.P.W.) and the Medical Practice Evaluation Center (R.P.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School (R.P.W.) - all in Boston
| | - Rochelle P Walensky
- From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine (C.A.S., R.P.W.) and Infectious Disease (R.H.G., R.P.W.) and the Medical Practice Evaluation Center (R.P.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School (R.P.W.) - all in Boston
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Kirby T. Jared Baeten-aiming to see off HIV. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17:35. [PMID: 27998578 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Rupp S, Ambata P, Narat V, Giles-Vernick T. Beyond the Cut Hunter: A Historical Epidemiology of HIV Beginnings in Central Africa. Ecohealth 2016; 13:661-671. [PMID: 27718030 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of direct evidence, an imagined "cut hunter" stands in for the index patient of pandemic HIV/AIDS. During the early years of colonial rule, this explanation goes, a hunter was cut or injured from hunting or butchering a chimpanzee infected with simian immunodeficiency virus, resulting in the first sustained human infection with the virus that would emerge as HIV-1M. We argue here that the "cut hunter" relies on a historical misunderstanding and ecological oversimplification of human-chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes troglodytes) interactions that facilitated pathogenic transmission. This initial host shift cannot explain the beginnings of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Instead, we must understand the processes by which the virus became transmissible, possibly between Sangha basin inhabitants and ultimately reached Kinshasa. A historical epidemiology of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, provides a much-needed corrective to the major shortcomings of the cut hunter. Based on 62 oral historical interviews conducted in southeastern Cameroon and archival research, we show that HIV emerged from ecological, economic, and socio-political transformations of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The gradual imposition of colonial rule built on and reoriented ecologies and economies, and altered older patterns of mobility and sociality. Certain changes may have contributed to the initial viral host shift, but more importantly, facilitated the adaptation of HIV-1M to human-to-human transmission. Our evidence suggests that the most critical changes occurred after 1920. This argument has important implications for public health policy, underscoring recent work emphasizing alternative pathways for zoonotic spillovers into human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rupp
- Department of Anthropology, City University of New York - Lehman College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philippe Ambata
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Victor Narat
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur-Paris, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Tamara Giles-Vernick
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur-Paris, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, France.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Studies, Toronto, Canada.
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Kling B, Ulmer A. [HIV in the Limelight]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158 Suppl 1:16-20. [PMID: 27259896 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-8321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Blair TR. Plague Doctors in the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Mental Health Professionals and the "San Francisco Model," 1981-1990. Bull Hist Med 2016; 90:279-311. [PMID: 27374849 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2016.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals were among the first and most crucial responders to HIV/AIDS. Given an epidemic in which behavior and identity played fundamental roles, mental health professionals were uniquely positioned to conduct social research to explain the existence and spread of disease; to develop clinical understanding of psychological aspects of HIV/AIDS as they emerged; and to collaborate with affected communities to promote education and behavioral change. This study examines the roles of mental health professionals as "plague doctors" in San Francisco's response to HIV/AIDS, in the early years of the epidemic. Among the many collaborations and projects that distinguished the "San Francisco model" of response to this plague, bathhouse-based epidemiology, consult-liaison psychiatry, and community partnerships for counseling and education are examined in detail as illustrations of the epidemic-changing engagement of the mental health community.
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Cartwright L. Learning From Philadelphia: Topographies of HIV/AIDS Media Assemblages. J Homosex 2016; 63:369-386. [PMID: 26642876 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For this contribution to the special issue on "Mapping Queer Bioethics," the author employs an array of public health and popular media texts (especially Jonathan Demme's film Philadelphia) to challenge the construction and reconstruction of HIV-positive bodies as sites of bioethical concern. In outlining notions of "digital restoration," the author argues that there has been of late a remapping of the first decade of the HIV/AIDS pandemic through media projects assembled from archived materials. Accordingly, the author suggests that in the first decades of the 2000s, we have witnessed a media-archaeological turn, whereby old materials have been reassembled for commemorative purposes that oftentimes perform a reshaping of the topography of the first decade of the AIDS pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cartwright
- a Departments of Visual Arts, Communication and Science Studies , University of California at San Diego , San Diego , California , USA
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Perry T. From West End to Eastside: The Vancouver HIV/AIDS Epidemic, 1983-2013. Can Bull Med Hist 2016; 33:103-130. [PMID: 27344905 DOI: 10.3138/cbmh.33.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional histories of AIDS have used a few major American urban centres as proxies for the North American epidemic more broadly and have tended to frame the epidemic as a quintessentially gay and American experience. A careful examination of how the epidemic unfolded in Vancouver, British Columbia, however, reveals considerable differences, including the relative absence of local gay activist traditions prior to HIV/AIDS and the relative prominence of interventions such as Insite, North America's first sanctioned needle exchange program and safe injection site. An investigation of such differences emphasizes the local character of the epidemic and adds a Canadian perspective to the existing AIDS historiography.
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Tempia S, Walaza S, Viboud C, Cohen AL, Madhi SA, Venter M, von Mollendorf C, Moyes J, McAnerney JM, Cohen C. Deaths associated with respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses among persons ≥5 years of age in HIV-prevalent area, South Africa, 1998-2009(1). Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:600-8. [PMID: 25811455 PMCID: PMC4378466 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated deaths attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among persons >5 years of age in South Africa during 1998-2009 by applying regression models to monthly deaths and laboratory surveillance data. Rates were expressed per 100,000 person-years. The mean annual number of seasonal influenza-associated deaths was 9,093 (rate 21.6). Persons >65 years of age and HIV-positive persons accounted for 50% (n = 4,552) and 28% (n = 2,564) of overall seasonal influenza-associated deaths, respectively. In 2009, we estimated 4,113 (rate 9.2) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-associated deaths. The mean of annual RSV-associated deaths during the study period was 511 (rate 1.2); no RSV-associated deaths were estimated in persons >45 years of age. Our findings support the recommendation for influenza vaccination of older persons and HIV-positive persons. Surveillance for RSV should be strengthened to clarify the public health implications and severity of illness associated with RSV infection in South Africa.
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Cutland CL, Schrag SJ, Thigpen MC, Velaphi SC, Wadula J, Adrian PV, Kuwanda L, Groome MJ, Buchmann E, Madhi SA. Increased risk for group B Streptococcus sepsis in young infants exposed to HIV, Soweto, South Africa, 2004-2008(1). Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:638-45. [PMID: 25812061 PMCID: PMC4378461 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of pregnant women could prevent 2,105 invasive GBS cases and 278 deaths among infants annually. Although group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of severe invasive disease in young infants worldwide, epidemiologic data and knowledge about risk factors for the disease are lacking from low- to middle-income countries. To determine the epidemiology of invasive GBS disease among young infants in a setting with high maternal HIV infection, we conducted hospital-based surveillance during 2004–2008 in Soweto, South Africa. Overall GBS incidence was 2.72 cases/1,000 live births (1.50 and 1.22, respectively, among infants with early-onset disease [EOD] and late-onset [LOD] disease). Risk for EOD and LOD was higher for HIV-exposed than HIV-unexposed infants. GBS serotypes Ia and III accounted for 84.0% of cases, and 16.9% of infected infants died. We estimate that use of trivalent GBS vaccine (serotypes Ia, Ib, and III) could prevent 2,105 invasive GBS cases and 278 deaths annually among infants in South Africa; therefore, vaccination of all pregnant women in this country should be explored.
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Hughes AJ, Saxton PJ. Thirty years of condom-based HIV prevention by gay men in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2015; 128:19-30. [PMID: 26913905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three decades after the first government-funded HIV prevention campaign in 1985, gay and bisexual men (GBM) remain the population most at risk of infection in New Zealand. We review the major determinants of the elevated HIV risk for GBM, describe New Zealand's prevention response over the first 30 years, and summarise the public health record. HIV incidence among GBM is driven by the heightened biological efficiency of HIV transmission during unprotected anal intercourse, dense sexual partnering networks, and endemic HIV prevalence. Responses in New Zealand have emphasised evidence-based primary prevention by condom use, which were implemented in communities and supported by comprehensive public health action. New Zealand has a good international HIV prevention record among GBM, however HIV diagnosis rates are now higher than they were during the epidemic nadir of the late 1990s. Lessons from the first three decades must underpin future HIV control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hughes
- New Zealand AIDS Foundation, PO Box 6663, Wellesley St, Auckland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Fauci
- From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Wolff Reyes M. [AIDS: a travel since impotent despair to the therapeutic success]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 32 Suppl 1:S9-16. [PMID: 25860151 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182015000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Maurice J. Peter Piot wins 2015 Canada Gairdner Global Health Award. Lancet 2015; 385:1170. [PMID: 25819690 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Anand KP, Satapathy Y, Kashyap AS. Luc Montagnier--Discoverer of HIV Virus. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:126. [PMID: 26540873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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[Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovskii]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2015;:125-6. [PMID: 26027282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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