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Kodama T, Sasaki I, Sugimura H. Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives via Aza-Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2,3-Triazine Derivatives and 1-Propynylamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8926-8932. [PMID: 34132555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective method was developed for the preparation of pyridazine derivatives via the aza-Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2,3-triazines with 1-propynylamines under neutral conditions. This methodology allowed direct access to a wide range of 6-aryl-pyridazin-3-amines in high yields with good functional group compatibility. Key features of this strategy included a broad substrate scope and simple, metal-free, and neutral reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kodama
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sugimura
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
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2
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Mini review-vanadium-induced neurotoxicity and possible targets. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:763-768. [PMID: 31838631 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium, a transition metal, ubiquitous in nature is known to have therapeutic effect as well as toxic effect. It is known to possess antidiabetic, antitumor and antiparasitic activity. However, on long term exposure, it produces neurotoxicity which may result in memory impairment. The possible mechanism known to cause neurotoxicity suggested is oxidative stress and inflammation of neuronal cells. The present review has focused on discussing the role of protein P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and oxidative stress as possible targets to treat vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.
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Hafez Taghva P, Kabirifard H. Ring-chain transformation of 4-aroyl-5-phenylamino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3-diones: Facile and efficient synthesis of novel pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrazol-3(2H)-ones and 1,2-dihydro-5H,6H-pyridazine-5,6-diones. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1702664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Hafez Taghva
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Kabirifard
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Blaise E, Kümmerle AE, Hammoud H, de Araújo-Júnior JX, Bihel F, Bourguignon JJ, Schmitt M. Access to 4-alkylaminopyridazine derivatives via nitrogen-assisted regioselective Pd-catalyzed reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10311-22. [PMID: 25310174 DOI: 10.1021/jo501930s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Substituted, 6-substituted, and unsymmetrical 3,6-disubstituted 4-alkylaminopyridazines were prepared from a sequence of three chemo- and regioselective reactions combining amination and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, such as reductive dehalogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Extension of the methodology to Sonogashira reaction yielded a novel class of 3-substituted pyrrolopyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Blaise
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Zohreh N, Alizadeh A. Uncatalyzed one-pot synthesis of highly substituted pyridazines and pyrazoline-spirooxindoles via domino SN/condensation/aza-ene addition cyclization reaction sequence. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:278-86. [PMID: 23621648 DOI: 10.1021/co400005y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A previously unknown class of highly substituted pyridazines and pyrazoline-spirooxinoles are easily prepared by an uncatalyzed one-pot three-component approach incorporating a domino SN/condensation/aza-ene addition cyclization reaction sequence. 1,1-Dihydrazino-2-nitroethylene (DHNE) which is generated in situ from the nucleophilic substitution (SN) reaction of hydrazine and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethylene (BMTNE), allowed to be condensed with active 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds followed by an intramolecular aza-ene addition cyclization to obtain the titled products depending on the type of 1,2-dicarbonyl. All reactions are easily performed and proceed with high efficiency under very simple and mild conditions without any catalyst and give good yields avoiding time-consuming, costly syntheses, and tedious workup and purification of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Zohreh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Abdolali Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran,
Iran
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Ul-Haq Z, Khan W, Zia SR, Iqbal S. Structure-based 3D-QSAR models and dynamics analysis of novel N-benzyl pyridinone as p38α MAP kinase inhibitors for anticytokine activity. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 36:48-61. [PMID: 22534481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of anticytokine N-benzyl pyridinone derivatives that targets p38α MAP kinase has been analyzed by utilizing a combination of molecular modeling techniques. Statistically significant structure-based 3D-QSAR models were generated for both CoMFA and CoMSIA, and validated through acceptable predictive ability to support both internal and external set of compounds. Structural changes within the protein key backbone residues (Met109 and Gly110), DFG loop position, and side chain movements (Lys53 and Asn114) as resulted by different substituents on these inhibitors were also examined by molecular dynamics simulation. The protocol applied in this study could be helpful to rationalize potent compounds with better inhibitory activity and selectivity profiles against p38α MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center, for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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Hilmy Elnagdi M, Al-Awadi NA, Abdelshafy Abdelhamid I. Chapter 1 Recent Developments in Pyridazine and Condensed Pyridazine Synthesis. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Edraki N, Hemmateenejad B, Miri R, Khoshneviszade M. QSAR Study of Phenoxypyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of p38 Kinase Using different Chemometric Tools. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 70:530-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Peifer C, Kinkel K, Abadleh M, Schollmeyer D, Laufer S. From five- to six-membered rings: 3,4-diarylquinolinone as lead for novel p38MAP kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1213-21. [PMID: 17323937 DOI: 10.1021/jm061097o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-ylquinoline-2(1H)-one (5) as a new inhibitor of MAPK with a p38alphaMAPK IC50 of 1.8 muM. By keeping the common vicinal pyridine/4-F-phenyl pharmacophore, such as in prototypical imidazole 20 or isoxazole 13 but in 5 connected to the six-membered quinoline core, we were particularly interested in comparing biological activity, details of molecular geometry, and different binding modes of these compounds. Compounds 20 and 13 were active both in the p38alpha- and JNK3-assay, whereas 5 was selective for p38alpha, with no JNK3 inhibition. By comparing the X-ray structures of the compounds, we found a significantly larger distance between the pyridine and the 4-F-phenyl moiety in five-membered core structures relevant for ligand-protein interactions. Molecular modeling studies support the results based on differences in the ATP pockets of p38alpha and JNK3. Because most five-membered core based p38alpha inhibitors show also activity for JNK3, compound 5 is an interesting lead for selective p38alpha inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8/B, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Van Eldik LJ, Thompson WL, Ralay Ranaivo H, Behanna HA, Martin Watterson D. Glia Proinflammatory Cytokine Upregulation as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Function‐Based and Target‐Based Discovery Approaches. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2007; 82:277-96. [PMID: 17678967 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(07)82015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's defense mechanism against threats such as bacterial infection, undesirable substances, injury, or illness. The process is complex and involves a variety of specialized cells that mobilize to neutralize and dispose of the injurious material so that the body can heal. In the brain, a similar inflammation process occurs when glia, especially astrocytes and microglia, undergo activation in response to stimuli such as injury, illness, or infection. Like peripheral immune cells, glia in the central nervous system also increase production of inflammatory cytokines and neutralize the threat to the brain. This brain inflammation, or neuroinflammation, is generally beneficial and allows the brain to respond to changes in its environment and dispose of damaged tissue or undesirable substances. Unfortunately, this beneficial process sometimes gets out of balance and the neuroinflammatory process persists, even when the inflammation-provoking stimulus is eliminated. Uncontrolled chronic neuroinflammation is now known to play a key role in the progression of damage in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines offers a pathophysiology progression mechanism that can be targeted in new therapeutic development for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize in this chapter the evidence supporting proinflammatory cytokine upregulation as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we discuss the drug discovery process and two approaches, function-driven and target-based, that show promise for development of neuroinflammation-targeted, disease-modifying therapeutics for multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Van Eldik
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Tamayo N, Liao L, Goldberg M, Powers D, Tudor YY, Yu V, Wong LM, Henkle B, Middleton S, Syed R, Harvey T, Jang G, Hungate R, Dominguez C. Design and synthesis of potent pyridazine inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2409-13. [PMID: 15837335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel potent trisubstituted pyridazine inhibitors of p38 MAP (mitogen activated protein) kinase are described that have activity in both cell-based assays of cytokine release and animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. They demonstrated potent inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice and exhibited good efficacy in the rat collagen induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Tamayo
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Abstract
The recent successful introduction of the anti-cytokine biologicals Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Anakinra has stimulated the search for anti-cytokine small-molecules. A number of molecular targets have been identified for the development of such small molecular anti-cytokine agents. The focus of this review will be on those inhibitors of cytokine production, which target either p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), or IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE). P38 MAP kinase occupies a central role in the signaling network responsible for the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and TNF-alpha, and regulates their biosynthesis at both the transcriptional and translational level. TACE and ICE are two proteases required for the processing of proTNF-alpha and proIL-1beta, respectively into their mature, proinflammatory form. Since the mid-1990s, a plethora of inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, TACE, and ICE has been characterized in vitro, and individual representatives from all three inhibitor classes have in the meantime been advanced into clinical trials. This review will highlight the correlation between effective inhibition at the molecular target and cellular activity in functional assays of cytokine, particularly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, production. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) will be discussed regarding activity at the respective enzyme target, but also with regard to properties required for efficient in vitro and in vivo cellular activity (e.g., oral availability, solubility, cell penetration, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Wagner
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, England
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Laufer SA, Wagner GK, Kotschenreuther DA, Albrecht W. Novel substituted pyridinyl imidazoles as potent anticytokine agents with low activity against hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3230-44. [PMID: 12852754 DOI: 10.1021/jm030766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of polysubstituted pyridin-4-yl imidazole inhibitors of p38 MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase was prepared as small molecular anticytokine agents and drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. The contribution of substituents at the pyridinyl and imidazole moiety to selective inhibition of p38 without concomitant cytochrome P450 interaction was evaluated. Placement of a 1-phenylethyl (7e, p38: IC(50) 0.38 microM) or acetyl substituent at the exocyclic nitrogen of several 2-aminopyridine imidazoles led to the identification of potent p38 inhibitors which exceeded the starting lead ML 3375 (p38: IC(50) 0.63 microM) in potency. A preliminary modeling study related the enhanced bioactivity of 7e to a novel interaction between its 1-phenylethylamino side chain and a hydrophobic pocket close to the linker region of p38. The most active p38 inhibitors in this series maintained their efficacy in functional PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and whole blood assays. Moreover, cytochrome P450 interaction, which has been linked to the liver toxicity observed for model p38 inhibitors, was very efficiently reduced through introduction of a tetramethylpiperidine substituent at the 1 position of the imidazole nucleus. Combination of both structural features provided 14c (p38: 0.34 microM, inhibition of CYP1A2 0%, 2C9 2.6%, 2C19 7.6% at 10 microM), which was selected for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Chapter 6.2 Six-membered ring systems: Diazines and benzo derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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