1
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Liu X, Balligand T, Carpenet C, Ploegh HL. An armed anti-immunoglobulin light chain nanobody protects mice against influenza A and B infections. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg9459. [PMID: 37352373 PMCID: PMC10357953 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The immune system eliminates pathogen intruders such as viruses and bacteria. To recruit immune effectors to virus-infected cells, we conjugated a small molecule, the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, to a nanobody that recognizes the kappa light chains of mouse immunoglobulins. This adduct was designed to achieve half-life extension of zanamivir through complex formation with the much-larger immunoglobulins in the circulation. The zanamivir moiety targets the adduct to virus-infected cells, whereas the anti-kappa component simultaneously delivers polyclonal immunoglobulins of indeterminate specificity and all isotypes. Activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity promoted elimination of influenza neuraminidase-positive cells. A single dose of the conjugate protected mice against influenza A or B viruses and was effective even when given several days after infection with a lethal dose of virus. In the absence of circulating immunoglobulins, we observed no in vivo protection from the adduct. The type of conjugates described here may thus find application for both anti-influenza prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Balligand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Carpenet
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- CBS2 University of Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Aigbogun OP, Phenix CP, Krol ES, Price EW. The Chemistry of Creating Chemically Programmed Antibodies (cPAbs): Site-Specific Bioconjugation of Small Molecules. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:853-874. [PMID: 36696533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs have been employed for years as therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. However, small-molecule drugs typically have short in vivo half-lives which is one of the largest impediments to the success of many potentially valuable pharmacologically active small molecules. The undesirable pharmacokinetics and pharmacology associated with some small molecules have led to the development of a new class of bioconjugates known as chemically programmed antibodies (cPAbs). cPAbs are bioconjugates in which antibodies are used to augment small molecules with effector functions and prolonged pharmacokinetic profiles, where the pharmacophore of the small molecule is harnessed for target binding and therefore biological targeting. Many different small molecules can be conjugated to large proteins such as full monoclonal antibodies (IgG), fragment crystallizable regions (Fc), or fragment antigen binding regions (Fab). In order to successfully and site-specifically conjugate small molecules to any class of antibodies (IgG, Fc, or Fab), the molecules must be derivatized with a functional group for ease of conjugation without altering the pharmacology of the small molecules. In this Review, we summarize the different synthetic or biological methods that have been employed to produce cPAbs. These unique chemistries have potential to be applied to other fields of antibody modification such as antibody drug conjugates, radioimmunoconjugates, and fluorophore-tagged antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omozojie P Aigbogun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, S7N-5E5 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
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3
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Wei X, Du W, Duca M, Yu G, de Vries E, de Haan CAM, Pieters RJ. Preventing Influenza A Virus Infection by Mixed Inhibition of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin by Divalent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7312-7323. [PMID: 35549211 PMCID: PMC9150099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Divalent inhibitors
of the neuraminidase enzyme (NA) of the Influenza
A virus were synthesized with vastly different spacers. The spacers
varied from 14 to 56 atoms and were relatively rigid by way of the
building blocks and their connection by CuAAC. As the ligand for these
constructs, a Δ4-β-d-glucoronide was
used, which can be prepared form N-acetyl glucosamine.
This ligand showed good NA inhibitory potency but with room for improvement
by multivalency enhancement. The synthesized compounds showed modest
potency enhancement in NA activity assays but a sizeable potency increase
in a 4-day cytopathic effect assay. The demonstration that the compounds
can also inhibit hemagglutinin in addition to NA may be the cause
of the enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Margherita Duca
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Guangyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht NL-3508 TB, The Netherlands
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4
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Han B, He XH, Liu YQ, He G, Peng C, Li JL. Asymmetric organocatalysis: an enabling technology for medicinal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1522-1586. [PMID: 33496291 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and synthetic versatility of asymmetric organocatalysis have contributed enormously to the field of organic synthesis since the early 2000s. As asymmetric organocatalytic methods mature, they have extended beyond the academia and undergone scale-up for the production of chiral drugs, natural products, and enantiomerically enriched bioactive molecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in medicinal chemistry. A general picture of asymmetric organocatalytic strategies in medicinal chemistry is firstly presented, and the specific applications of these strategies in pharmaceutical synthesis are systematically described, with a focus on the preparation of antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antibacterial, and antiparasitic agents, as well as several miscellaneous bioactive agents. The review concludes with a discussion of the challenges, limitations and future prospects for organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of medicinally valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China. and Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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5
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A universal dual mechanism immunotherapy for the treatment of influenza virus infections. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5597. [PMID: 33154358 PMCID: PMC7645797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics lead to 3–5 million severe infections and 290,000–650,000 annual global deaths. With deaths from the 1918 influenza pandemic estimated at >50,000,000 and future pandemics anticipated, the need for a potent influenza treatment is critical. In this study, we design and synthesize a bifunctional small molecule by conjugating the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, with the highly immunogenic hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP), which specifically targets the surface of free virus and viral-infected cells. We show that this leads to simultaneous inhibition of virus release, and immune-mediated elimination of both free virus and virus-infected cells. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of drug to mice infected with 100x MLD50 virus is shown to eradicate advanced infections from representative strains of both influenza A and B viruses. Since treatments of severe infections remain effective up to three days post lethal inoculation, our approach may successfully treat infections refractory to current therapies. In this study, the authors combine an anti-viral drug and immune system inducer to treat influenza A and B viral infections in vitro and in vivo. They show that the compound outperforms zanamivir alone as it is still able to clear infection three days post infection, and it can be administered via different routes without reduced efficacy.
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6
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Zlotin SG, Dalinger IL, Makhova NN, Tartakovsky VA. Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry of nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years in Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results in the synthesis of novel energetic N-, C- and O-nitro compounds are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to the preparation of known compounds of this series, used as components of energetic compositions, are considered. Methods for selective transformations of various nitro compounds to valuable products of organic synthesis, primarily biologically active products and their precursors, are systematically analyzed.
The bibliography includes 446 references.
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7
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Compain P. Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: The End of the Beginning. CHEM REC 2019; 20:10-22. [PMID: 30993894 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in a diversity of key biological processes such as energy uptake or cell wall degradation. The design of specific glycosidase inhibitors has been therefore the subject of intense research efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, until recently, the study of the impact of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition was almost completely neglected. The following account will review our ten year journey on the design of multivalent glycomimetics within our research group, from the discovery of the first strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition to the high-resolution crystal structures of Jack bean α-mannosidase in complex with the multimeric inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Hong BT, Cheng YSE, Cheng TJ, Fang JM. Boronate, trifluoroborate, sulfone, sulfinate and sulfonate congeners of oseltamivir carboxylic acid: Synthesis and anti-influenza activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:710-721. [PMID: 30576902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tamiflu readily undergoes endogenous hydrolysis to give oseltamivir carboxylic acid (OC) as the active anti-influenza agent to inhibit the viral neuraminidase (NA). GOC is derived from OC by replacing the 5-amino group with a guanidino group. In this study, OC and GOC congeners with the carboxylic acid bioisosteres of boronic acid, trifluoroborate, sulfone, sulfinic acid, sulfonic acid and sulfonate ester were first synthesized, starting with conversion of OC to a Barton ester, followed by halodecarboxylation to give the iodocyclohexene, which served as a pivotal intermediate for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions with appropriate diboron and thiol reagents. The enzymatic and cell-based assays indicated that the GOC congeners consistently displayed better NA inhibition and anti-influenza activity than the corresponding OC congeners. The GOC sulfonic acid congener (7a) was the most potent anti-influenza agent, showing EC50 = 2.2 nM against the wild-type H1N1 virus, presumably because the sulfonic acid 7a was more lipophilic than GOC and exerted stronger interactions on the three arginine residues (R118, R292 and R371) in the NA active site. Although the trifluoroborates, sulfones and sulfonate esters did not have acidic proton, they still exhibited appreciable NA inhibitory activity, indicating that the polarized B-F and S→O bonds still made sufficient interactions with the tri-arginine motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Tao Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Jen Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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9
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Gajaganti S, Bajpai S, Srivastava V, Singh S. An efficient, room temperature, oxygen radical anion (O2•−) mediated, one-pot, and multicomponent synthesis of spirooxindoles. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present report highlights an efficient use of oxygen radical anion to promote a room temperature multi-component synthesis of spirooxindoles (4a–4l) under mild reaction conditions. The potassium superoxide (KO2) and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) combination generate the oxygen radical anion in situ to promote this transformation. This method offers a sustainable and direct access to the biologically important spirooxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiah Gajaganti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Stereoselective reactions of nitro compounds in the synthesis of natural compound analogs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Wang B, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Direct C–H Trifluoromethylation of Glycals by Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:5698-701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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From neuraminidase inhibitors to conjugates: a step towards better anti-influenza drugs? Future Med Chem 2015; 6:757-74. [PMID: 24941871 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of seasonal flu and possible pandemic infections the development of new anti-influenza drugs that have good bioavailability against a broad spectrum of influenza viruses including the resistant strains is needed. In this review, we summarize previous methods for the structural modification of zanamivir, a potent neuraminidase inhibitor that has rare drug resistance, in order to develop effective anti-influenza drugs. We also report recent research into the design of multivalent zanamivir drugs and bifunctional zanamivir conjugates, some of which have shown better efficacy in animal experiments. As a step towards developing improved antivirals, conjugating anti-influenza drugs with anti-inflammatory agents can improve oral bioavailability and also exert synergistic effect in influenza therapy.
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13
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Antiviral Drugs for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Infections. MANDELL, DOUGLAS, AND BENNETT'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7152365 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Tian J, Zhong J, Li Y, Ma D. Organocatalytic and Scalable Synthesis of the Anti-Influenza Drugs Zanamivir, Laninamivir, and CS-8958. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Tian J, Zhong J, Li Y, Ma D. Organocatalytic and Scalable Synthesis of the Anti-Influenza Drugs Zanamivir, Laninamivir, and CS-8958. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13885-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Compain P, Bodlenner A. The Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: A New, Rapidly Emerging Topic in Glycoscience. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1239-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Feng E, Shin WJ, Zhu X, Li J, Ye D, Wang J, Zheng M, Zuo JP, No KT, Liu X, Zhu W, Tang W, Seong BL, Jiang H, Liu H. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of C-1- and C-4-Modified Analogs of Zanamivir as Neuraminidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:671-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xuelian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
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18
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Cheng TJR, Wang SY, Wen WH, Su CY, Lin M, Huang WI, Liu MT, Wu HS, Wang NS, Cheng CK, Chen CL, Ren CT, Wu CY, Fang JM, Cheng YSE, Wong CH. Chemical Probes for Drug-Resistance Assessment by Binding Competition (RABC): Oseltamivir Susceptibility Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Cheng TJR, Wang SY, Wen WH, Su CY, Lin M, Huang WI, Liu MT, Wu HS, Wang NS, Cheng CK, Chen CL, Ren CT, Wu CY, Fang JM, Cheng YSE, Wong CH. Chemical Probes for Drug-Resistance Assessment by Binding Competition (RABC): Oseltamivir Susceptibility Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:366-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hayakawa M, Toda N, Carrillo N, Thornburg NJ, Crowe JE, Barbas CF. A chemically programmed antibody is a long-lasting and potent inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2191-5. [PMID: 22965667 PMCID: PMC3517015 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Programming an anti-flu strategy: A new and potent neuraminidase inhibitor that maintains long-term systemic exposure of an antibody and the therapeutic activity of the neuraminadase inhibitor zanamivir has been created. This strategy could provide a promising new class of influenza A drugs for therapy and prophylaxis, and validates enzyme inhibitors as programming agents in synthetic immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayakawa
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Narihiro Toda
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Nancy Carrillo
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11475 Medical Research Building IV - 2213 Garland Ave. Nashville, TN 37232-0417
| | - James E. Crowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11475 Medical Research Building IV - 2213 Garland Ave. Nashville, TN 37232-0417
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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Liu KC, Fang JM, Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Wang SY, Yang ST, Cheng YSE, Wong CH. Enhanced anti-influenza agents conjugated with anti-inflammatory activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8493-501. [PMID: 22963087 DOI: 10.1021/jm3009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza therapy with a single targeted compound is often limited in efficacy due to the rapidly developed drug resistance. Moreover, the uncontrolled virus-induced cytokines could cause the high mortality of human infected by H5N1 avian influenza virus. In this study, we explored the novel dual-targeted bifunctional anti-influenza drugs formed by conjugation with anti-inflammatory agents. In particular, the caffeic acid (CA)-bearing zanamivir (ZA) conjugates ZA-7-CA (1) and ZA-7-CA-amide (7) showed simultaneous inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These ZA conjugates provided remarkable protection of cells and mice against influenza infections. Intranasal administration of low dosage (<1.2 μmol/kg/day) of ZA conjugates exhibited much greater effect than the combination therapy with ZA and the anti-inflammatory agents in protection of the lethally infected mice by H1N1 or H5N1 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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22
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Meeprasert A, Khuntawee W, Kamlungsua K, Nunthaboot N, Rungrotmongkol T, Hannongbua S. Binding pattern of the long acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir towards influenza A subtypes H5N1 and pandemic H1N1. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 38:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Sharma N, Yap CW. Consensus QSAR model for identifying novel H5N1 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2012; 16:513-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Feng E, Ye D, Li J, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhao F, Hilgenfeld R, Zheng M, Jiang H, Liu H. Recent advances in neuraminidase inhibitor development as anti-influenza drugs. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1527-36. [PMID: 22807317 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) and of the new type of human influenza A (H1N1) have emphasized the need for the development of effective anti-influenza drugs. Presently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of human influenza virus infection, and tremendous efforts have been made to develop more potent NA inhibitors to combat resistance and new influenza viruses. In this review, we discuss the structural characteristics of NA catalytic domains and the recent developments of new NA inhibitors using structure-based drug design strategies. These drugs include analogues of zanamivir, analogues of oseltamivir, analogues of peramivir, and analogues of aromatic carboxylic acid and present promising options for therapeutics or leads for further development of NA inhibitors that may be useful in the event of a future influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Liu KKC, Sakya SM, O’Donnell CJ, Flick AC, Ding HX. Synthetic approaches to the 2010 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1155-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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The de-guanidinylated derivative of peramivir remains a potent inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7137-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vavricka CJ, Li Q, Wu Y, Qi J, Wang M, Liu Y, Gao F, Liu J, Feng E, He J, Wang J, Liu H, Jiang H, Gao GF. Structural and functional analysis of laninamivir and its octanoate prodrug reveals group specific mechanisms for influenza NA inhibition. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002249. [PMID: 22028647 PMCID: PMC3197600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (pH1N1) led to record sales of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, which has contributed significantly to the recent increase in oseltamivir-resistant viruses. Therefore, development and careful evaluation of novel NA inhibitors is of great interest. Recently, a highly potent NA inhibitor, laninamivir, has been approved for use in Japan. Laninamivir is effective using a single inhaled dose via its octanoate prodrug (CS-8958) and has been demonstrated to be effective against oseltamivir-resistant NA in vitro. However, effectiveness of laninamivir octanoate prodrug against oseltamivir-resistant influenza infection in adults has not been demonstrated. NA is classified into 2 groups based upon phylogenetic analysis and it is becoming clear that each group has some distinct structural features. Recently, we found that pH1N1 N1 NA (p09N1) is an atypical group 1 NA with some group 2-like features in its active site (lack of a 150-cavity). Furthermore, it has been reported that certain oseltamivir-resistant substitutions in the NA active site are group 1 specific. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of laninamivir, we utilized recombinant N5 (typical group 1), p09N1 (atypical group 1) and N2 from the 1957 pandemic H2N2 (p57N2) (typical group 2) to carry out in vitro inhibition assays. We found that laninamivir and its octanoate prodrug display group specific preferences to different influenza NAs and provide the structural basis of their specific action based upon their novel complex crystal structures. Our results indicate that laninamivir and zanamivir are more effective against group 1 NA with a 150-cavity than group 2 NA with no 150-cavity. Furthermore, we have found that the laninamivir octanoate prodrug has a unique binding mode in p09N1 that is different from that of group 2 p57N2, but with some similarities to NA-oseltamivir binding, which provides additional insight into group specific differences of oseltamivir binding and resistance. The influenza neuraminidase (NA) enzyme is the most successful drug target against the seasonal and pandemic flu. The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic led to record sales of the NA inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Recently, a new drug, laninamivir (Inavir), has been approved for use in Japan can also be administered effectively using a single dose via its octanoate prodrug (CS-8958), however its effectiveness against oseltamivir-resistant influenza infection has not been demonstrated in clinical studies. In this study we comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of laninamivir and its prodrug using NA from different groups with different active site features. We expressed and purified a group 2 NA from the 1957 pandemic H2N2, an atypical group 1 NA from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and a group 1 NA from avian H12N5. NA inhibition was assayed and NAs were further crystallized with each inhibitor to determine the structural basis of their action. We found that laninamivir inhibition is highly potent for each NA, however binding and inhibition of laninamivir and its prodrug showed group specific preferences. Our results provide the structural and functional basis of NA inhibition using classical and novel inhibitors, with NAs from multiple serotypes with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Vavricka
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Koyama K, Takahashi M, Nakai N, Takakusa H, Murai T, Hoshi M, Yamamura N, Kobayashi N, Okazaki O. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of CS-8958, a long-acting prodrug of the novel neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir in rats. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:207-16. [PMID: 20146556 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903447691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CS-8958, a prodrug of laninamivir (R-125489), is currently under development as an inhaled anti-influenza drug. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and disposition of CS-8958 were characterized in rats. After intratracheal administration of 14C-CS-8958, radioactivity was retained over long periods in the target tissues (trachea and lung) as its active metabolite R-125489 - 19.12% of the dose was retained in the lung at 24 h. After intratracheal administration of CS-8958, plasma R-125489 concentration was slowly eliminated, and its half-life (14.1 h) was considerably longer than that after intravenous administration of R-125489. The radioactivity of intratracheally administered 14C-CS-8958 was mainly excreted into the urine (67.5% of dose), and this excretion lasted over long periods. R-125489 accounted for most of the urinary radioactivity recovered after 24 h. These results demonstrated that CS-8958 administered intratracheally to rats was converted/hydrolysed to R-125489 in the target tissues, and that the R-125489 was slowly excreted into the urine via an absorption rate-limiting process. Such distinctive pharmacokinetics attributed to the slow release of R-125489 suggests the potential for a long-acting anti-influenza drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koyama
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
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Calveras J, Nagai Y, Sultana I, Ueda Y, Higashi T, Shoji M, Sugai T. New chemo-enzymatic route toward N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives with alkyl groups at C-7 hydroxyl group. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Kiso M, Kubo S, Ozawa M, Le QM, Nidom CA, Yamashita M, Kawaoka Y. Efficacy of the new neuraminidase inhibitor CS-8958 against H5N1 influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000786. [PMID: 20195462 PMCID: PMC2829070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, which must be administrated twice daily for 5 days for maximum therapeutic effect, are licensed for the treatment of influenza. However, oseltamivir-resistant mutants of seasonal H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses have emerged. Therefore, alternative antiviral agents are needed. Recently, a new neuraminidase inhibitor, R-125489, and its prodrug, CS-8958, have been developed. CS-8958 functions as a long-acting NA inhibitor in vivo (mice) and is efficacious against seasonal influenza strains following a single intranasal dose. Here, we tested the efficacy of this compound against H5N1 influenza viruses, which have spread across several continents and caused epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. We demonstrated that R-125489 interferes with the NA activity of H5N1 viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant and different clade strains. A single dose of CS-8958 (1,500 microg/kg) given to mice 2 h post-infection with H5N1 influenza viruses produced a higher survival rate than did continuous five-day administration of oseltamivir (50 mg/kg twice daily). Virus titers in lungs and brain were substantially lower in infected mice treated with a single dose of CS-8958 than in those treated with the five-day course of oseltamivir. CS-8958 was also highly efficacious against highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus and oseltamivir-resistant variants. A single dose of CS-8958 given seven days prior to virus infection also protected mice against H5N1 virus lethal infection. To evaluate the improved efficacy of CS-8958 over oseltamivir, the binding stability of R-125489 to various subtypes of influenza virus was assessed and compared with that of other NA inhibitors. We found that R-125489 bound to NA more tightly than did any other NA inhibitor tested. Our results indicate that CS-8958 is highly effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with H5N1 influenza viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuku Kubo
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Quynh Mai Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chairul A. Nidom
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wen WH, Lin M, Su CY, Wang SY, Cheng YSE, Fang JM, Wong CH. Synergistic effect of zanamivir-porphyrin conjugates on inhibition of neuraminidase and inactivation of influenza virus. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4903-10. [PMID: 19522501 DOI: 10.1021/jm900515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New anti-influenza agents of tetravalent zanamivir on a porphyrin scaffold were synthesized. These compounds are 10 to 100 times more potent in inhibiting influenza replications even though they are somewhat less potent in neuraminidase inhibition than the monomeric zanamivir. The enhanced anti-influenza activity is probably attributable to the additional viral inactivation by singlet oxygen due to sensitization of the porphyrin moiety, which is brought in close proximity of virus by the conjugated zanamivir in a manner resembling the "magic bullet" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsien Wen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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CS-8958, a prodrug of the novel neuraminidase inhibitor R-125489, demonstrates a favorable long-retention profile in the mouse respiratory tract. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4845-51. [PMID: 19687241 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00731-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CS-8958 is a prodrug of the pharmacologically active form R-125489, a selective neuraminidase inhibitor, and has long-acting anti-influenza virus activity in vivo. In this study, the tissue distribution profiles after a single intranasal administration of CS-8958 (0.5 micromol/kg of body weight) to mice were investigated, focusing especially on the retention of CS-8958 in the respiratory tract by comparing it with R-125489 and a marketed drug, zanamivir. After administration of [(14)C]CS-8958, radioactivity was retained in the respiratory tract over long periods. At 24 h postdose, the radioactivity concentrations after administration of [(14)C]CS-8958 were approximately 10-fold higher in both the trachea and the lung than those of [(14)C]R-125489 and [(14)C]zanamivir. The [(14)C]CS-8958-derived radioactivity present in these two tissues consisted both of unchanged CS-8958 and of R-125489 at 1 h postdose, while only R-125489, and no other metabolites, was detected at 24 h postdose. After administration of unlabeled CS-8958, CS-8958 was rapidly eliminated from the lungs, whereas the lung R-125489 concentration reached a maximum at 3 h postdose and gradually declined, with an elimination half-life of 41.4 h. The conversion of CS-8958 to R-125489 was observed in mouse trachea and lung S9 fractions and was inhibited by esterase inhibitors, such as diisopropylfluorophosphate and bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate. These results demonstrated that CS-8958 administered intranasally to mice was efficiently converted to R-125489 by a hydrolase(s) such as carboxylesterase, and then R-125489 was slowly eliminated from the respiratory tract. These data support the finding that CS-8958 has potential as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, leading to significant efficacy as an anti-influenza drug by a single treatment.
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Magano J. Synthetic Approaches to the Neuraminidase Inhibitors Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) for the Treatment of Influenza. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4398-438. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800449m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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Weïwer M, Chen CC, Kemp MM, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Non-Hydrolizable 1,2,3-Triazole Linked Sialic Acid Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2009; 2009. [PMID: 24223493 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Sialic acid azide 1 has been used as a substrate for the efficient preparation of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of sialic acid using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition ("click chemistry"). Our approach is to generate non-natural N-glycosides of sialic acid that are resistant to neuraminidase catalyzed hydrolysis as opposed to the natural O-glycosides. These N-glycosides would act as neuraminidase inhibitors to prevent the release of new virions. As a preliminary study, a small library of 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives has been synthesized in 71-89% yield. A disaccharide mimic of sialic acid has also been prepared using the α-sialic acid azide 1 and a C-8 propargyl sialic acid acceptor in 68% yield. A model sialic acid coated dendrimer was also synthesized from a per-propargylated pentaerythritol acceptor. These novel sialic acid derivatives were then evaluated as potential neuraminidase inhibitors using a 96-well plate fluorescence assay; micromolar IC50 values were observed, comparable to the known sialidase inhibitor Neu5Ac2en.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Weïwer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
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Honda T, Kubo S, Masuda T, Arai M, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita M. Synthesis and in vivo influenza virus-inhibitory effect of ester prodrug of 4-guanidino-7-O-methyl-Neu5Ac2en. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2938-40. [PMID: 19414262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of ester prodrugs of 7-O-methyl derivative of Zanamivir (compound 3) was synthesized and their efficacy was evaluated in an influenza infected mice model by intranasal administration. Compound 7c (CS-8958), octanoyl ester prodrug of the C-9 alcohol of compound 3, was found to be much longer-acting than Zanamivir. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacies of compounds 12a, 12b, and 12c, the linear alkyl ester prodrug of the carboxylic acid, were comparable to that exerted by compound 7c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Honda
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abu Hammad AM, Taha MO. Pharmacophore Modeling, Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Analysis, and Shape-Complemented in Silico Screening Allow Access to Novel Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:978-96. [PMID: 19341295 DOI: 10.1021/ci8003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Areej M. Abu Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O. Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Honda T, Masuda T. Synthesis of 4-Guanidino-7-Modified-Neu5Ac2en Derivatives and Their Biological Activities as Influenza Sialidase Inhibitors. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Viruses, particularly those that are harmful to humans, are the 'silent terrorists' of the twenty-first century. Well over four million humans die per annum as a result of viral infections alone. The scourge of influenza virus has plagued mankind throughout the ages. The fact that new viral strains emerge on a regular basis, particularly out of Asia, establishes a continual socio-economic threat to mankind. The arrival of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 heightened the threat of a potential human pandemic to the point where many countries have put in place 'preparedness plans' to defend against such an outcome. The discovery of the first designer influenza virus sialidase inhibitor and anti-influenza drug Relenza, and subsequently Tamiflu, has now inspired a number of continuing efforts towards the discovery of next generation anti-influenza drugs. Such drugs may act as 'first-line-of-defence' against the spread of influenza infection and buy time for necessary vaccine development particularly in a human pandemic setting. Furthermore, the fact that influenza virus can develop resistance to therapeutics makes these continuing efforts extremely important. An overview of the role of the virus-associated glycoprotein sialidase (neuraminidase) and some of the most recent developments towards the discovery of anti-influenza drugs based on the inhibition of influenza virus sialidase is provided in this chapter.
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CS-8958, a prodrug of the new neuraminidase inhibitor R-125489, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:186-92. [PMID: 18955520 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00333-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. In this paper, the new potent NA inhibitor R-125489 is reported for the first time. R-125489 inhibited the NA activities of various type A and B influenza viruses, including subtypes N1 to N9 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. The survival effect of R-125489 was shown to be similar to that of zanamivir when administered intranasally in a mouse influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection model. Moreover, we found that the esterified form of R-125489 showed improved efficacy compared to R-125489 and zanamivir, depending on the acyl chain length, and that 3-(O)-octanoyl R-125489 (CS-8958) was the best compound in terms of its life-prolonging effect (P < 0.0001, compared to zanamivir) in the same infection model. A prolonged survival effect was observed after a single administration of CS-8958, even if it was given 7 days before infection. It is suggested that intranasally administered CS-8958 works as a long-acting NA inhibitor and shows in vivo efficacy as a result of a single intranasal administration.
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Zhao Q, Lou Y, Xiong R, Li H, Shen J. Regioselective synthesis of 4azido-Neu2en5,7Ac(2)1Me and its intramolecular transformation to 4azido-Neu2en5,9Ac(2)1Me. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2459-62. [PMID: 18635158 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 5-N-acetyl-7-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,3-didehydro-2,4-dideoxy-neuraminic acid (4azido-Neu2en5,7 Ac(2)1Me) was synthesized regioselectively starting from 4azido-Neu2en5Ac1Me in high yield. The transformation of 4azido-Neu2en5,7Ac(2)1Me to the corresponding thermodynamically stable 4azido-Neu2en5,9Ac(2)1Me via intramolecular acetyl migration was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The proposed rearrangement mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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42
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Beigel J, Bray M. Current and future antiviral therapy of severe seasonal and avian influenza. Antiviral Res 2008; 78:91-102. [PMID: 18328578 PMCID: PMC2346583 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The currently circulating H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes of influenza A virus cause a transient, febrile upper respiratory illness in most adults and children (“seasonal influenza”), but infants, the elderly, immunodeficient and chronically ill persons may develop life-threatening primary viral pneumonia or complications such as bacterial pneumonia. By contrast, avian influenza viruses such as the H5N1 virus that recently emerged in Southeast Asia can cause severe disease when transferred from domestic poultry to previously healthy people (“avian influenza”). Most H5N1 patients present with fever, cough and shortness of breath that progress rapidly to adult respiratory distress syndrome. In seasonal influenza, viral replication remains confined to the respiratory tract, but limited studies indicate that H5N1 infections are characterized by systemic viral dissemination, high cytokine levels and multiorgan failure. Gastrointestinal infection and encephalitis also occur. The licensed anti-influenza drugs (the M2 ion channel blockers, amantadine and rimantadine, and the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir) are beneficial for uncomplicated seasonal influenza, but appropriate dosing regimens for severe seasonal or H5N1 viral infections have not been defined. Treatment options may be limited by the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Ribavirin has also been used to a limited extent to treat influenza. This article reviews licensed drugs and treatments under development, including high-dose oseltamivir; parenterally administered neuraminidase inhibitors, peramivir and zanamivir; dimeric forms of zanamivir; the RNA polymerase inhibitor T-705; a ribavirin prodrug, viramidine; polyvalent and monoclonal antibodies; and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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43
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Islam T, von Itzstein M. Anti-Influenza Drug Discovery: Are We Ready for the Next Pandemic? Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2007; 61:293-352. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(07)61006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Ikeda K, Sato K, Kitani S, Suzuki T, Maki N, Suzuki Y, Sato M. 2-Deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid analogues structurally modified at the C-4 position: Synthesis and biological evaluation as inhibitors of human parainfluenza virus type 1. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7893-7. [PMID: 16908163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore the influence of binding to human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1), a series of 4-O-substituted Neu5Ac2en derivatives 6a-e was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit hPIV-1 sialidase. Among compounds 6a-e, the 4-O-ethyl-Neu5Ac2en derivative 6b showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 6.3 microM) against hPIV-1 sialidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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45
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Abstract
The recent outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, its expanding geographic distribution and its ability to transfer to humans and cause severe infection have raised serious concerns about the measures available to control an avian or human pandemic of influenza A. In anticipation of such a pandemic, several preventive and therapeutic strategies have been proposed, including the stockpiling of antiviral drugs, in particular the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu; Roche) and zanamivir (Relenza; GlaxoSmithKline). This article reviews agents that have been shown to have activity against influenza A viruses and discusses their therapeutic potential, and also describes emerging strategies for targeting these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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46
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Li J, Zheng M, Tang W, He PL, Zhu W, Li T, Zuo JP, Liu H, Jiang H. Syntheses of triazole-modified zanamivir analogues via click chemistry and anti-AIV activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5009-13. [PMID: 16876409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen novel 4-triazole-modified zanamivir (1) analogues were synthesized using the click reactions, and their inhibitory activities against avian influenza virus (AIV, H5N1) were determined. Compound 3b exerts promising inhibitory activity with EC(50) of 6.4 microM, which is very close to that of zanamivir (EC(50) = 2.8 microM). Molecular modeling provided the information about the binding model between inhibitors and neuraminidase, which are in good agreement with inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Centre, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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47
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Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(06)41019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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48
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Abstract
Given the eminent threat of a 21st century flu pandemic, the search for novel antiviral compounds is an increasingly important area of research. Recent developments in antiviral research have established the viability of targeting viral neuraminidase (NA), an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the cell-surface-mediating passage of the virus in the respiratory tract. N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc) is the substrate for NA, and analogues of this core structure have been commercialized as antiviral therapeutics. Recent studies have established that this system is well suited for combinatorial approaches to drug discovery. An important step in the process is to develop solid-phase screening technologies. The feasibility of performing competitive solid-phase NA assays is reported herein. Initially, a fluorogenic NeuAc substrate was immobilized on solid support, and the ability of three NAs (Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio cholerae) to cleave the substrate was shown to be analogous to solution-phase assays. The solid support was then bifunctionalized with the fluorogenic NeuAc substrate and one of two known inhibitors (DANA and Zanamivir). The ability of NA to cleave NeuAc from the solid support when simultaneously presented with an inhibitor was shown to be enzyme dependent. As expected, simultaneous presentation of NeuAc and DANA, a nonspecific inhibitor, led to diminished activity for all three enzymes tested. In contrast, dual presentation of NeuAc and the selective inhibitor Zanamivir only showed significant activity against Vibrio cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqiang Ying
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Meanwell NA, Serrano-Wu MH, Snyder LB. Chapter 22. Non-HIV antiviral agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 38:213-228. [PMID: 32287463 PMCID: PMC7126470 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on non-HIV antiviral agents. The development of antiviral agents to treat non-HIV infections is largely focused on therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis infections B and C. Nucleoside analog continue to be the mainstay of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) therapeutics. The first small molecule inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the NS3 protease inhibitor BILN-2061, entered phase 2 clinical trials, producing a striking reduction in viral load in treated individuals. The development of the HCV replicon system and its application to screening for antiviral agents provided tangible benefit with the disclosure of mechanistically and structurally diverse HCV inhibitors. Adefovir dipivoxil has been approved in the United States and the European Union for the treatment of HBV, providing a second small molecule antiviral to add to lamivudine (3TC) and the injectable protein IFNα as the only approved agents for treating HBV infection. The chapter also provides details of the inhibitors of hepatitis B and C virus, the inhibitors of simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus, the inhibitors of respiratory viruses and the inhibitors of West Nile virus and Papilloma virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Michael H Serrano-Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Lawrence B Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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Masuda T, Shibuya S, Arai M, Yoshida S, Tomozawa T, Ohno A, Yamashita M, Honda T. Synthesis and anti-influenza evaluation of orally active bicyclic ether derivatives related to zanamivir. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:669-73. [PMID: 12639555 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized bicyclic ether sialidase inhibitors such as tetrahydro-furan-2-yl, tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl, and oxepan-2-yl derivatives related to zanamivir. These compounds substituted by diol at the C-3' and C-4' positions resulted in the retention of low nanomolar inhibitory activities against not only influenza A virus sialidase but also influenza A virus in cell culture. Compound 11a in particular showed comparable efficacy in vivo relative to that of oseltamivir phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Masuda
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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